DE1128884B - Circuit arrangement for checking correct key operation in electrical interlocking systems - Google Patents

Description

Circuit arrangement for checking correct key operation in electrical Signal box systems The invention is concerned with a circuit arrangement for checking correct key operation in electrical interlocking systems in which the key circuits are combined into groups of the same type and one each time you press the buttons Resistance is switched on in the associated circuits. The invention lies the task underlying the considerable effort in the previous circuits for Monitoring the operationally required key operation to prevent wrong operating actions and for the correct identification of the individual at Operation of buttons in the switchgear to reduce initiated processes.

In interlocking systems of the latest design, especially the so-called Track diagram or track plan signal boxes with electrical exclusions in which the Operating actions through miniature switches, e.g. B. pushbuttons, can, as is well known, when using the corresponding setting keys, namely by their combination, all possible routes according to the existing track plan come. For operational or other reasons, however, in many cases there are individual Routes not desired. About the setting of such routes in principle to prevent the shortcut keys for the Entrances and exits for their operational permissibility in a higher-level key Relay device checked. In another known circuit for route formation, in the after operating two of the two ends of the route to be selected in Keys assigned to the track diagram by two selection circuits running in opposite directions can be switched on via all possible routes originating from the buttons and make the setting of the route in which both selection circuits are located cover, becomes a common facility for all routes of a signal box provided that all selection circuits by means of button-controlled contacts only with correct key operation turns on. However, these known circuits have the disadvantage that in addition to the track plan wiring an individual one for each Station own circuit with additional relay groups is required. Also will does not prevent certain operating actions, e.g. B. for troubleshooting, if no more than the keys required for an action may be used, still further buttons can be operated.

As a characteristic example for the case that during an operator action only the permissible keys may be operated, may the route auxiliary resolution to serve. This is done by jointly operating the only. once present in the signal box Route auxiliary button together with one assigned to the relevant route Route button. Since a route closure is released, which is done by hand is only allowed with special care in the event of a malfunction, is additionally the operation of the route auxiliary button is recorded in a counter.

Precautions must now be taken to ensure that each individual route auxiliary resolution is counted as such, even if together with the route auxiliary button Route keys assigned to two different routes can be operated. That can be achieved in several ways. It could take effect one day the two auxiliary resolutions take place one after the other by a storage device is interposed, whereby each resolution is counted one after the other. One the known circuit arrangements ensure that only one route button operated together with the release key. This is done by having an or several common test relays are provided, which trigger undesired switching processes prevent, if more than two keys are pressed, their key circuits to similar groups are combined and each time you press these keys Resistance is switched on in the associated circuits.

With this arrangement there is the disadvantage that not only a considerable Relay effort is required, but also considerable difficulties in the electrical tuning of this Switching means exist, there a very precise electrical dimensioning of the circuit is required. For this Basically, one has such dependencies almost only on the operating actions that have to be counted in particular limited.

However, it is advantageous to use these dependencies for all operator actions or at least for the most important ones. This avoids that, for. B. processes initiated in the interlocking circuit when operating routes that contradict each other or the system by unnecessary switching operations burden. There is at least the risk of such incorrect operation that unwanted switching states form, which are then eliminated again by hand have to.

With the invention, the disadvantages of the known circuits avoid, and a more easily overlooked, build reliable and extremely space-saving circuitry, and although according to the invention through the use of a resistance register with several Outputs for the combined circuits of similar keys with which the potentials applied to them as a function of the number of keys pressed Tax code for the admissibility of key operation in a subordinate Test circuit are evaluated.

Here, the circuit arrangement is in order for all operational switching operations to be able to use switching means that are as uniform as possible, according to the further embodiment of the invention carried out so that the outputs of the resistor register logical Linking elements are connected downstream, in which depending on the at the outputs the resistance; register applied potentials the control command that corresponds to the combination of keys pressed, e.g. B. for the provision of traction or shunting roads, route auxiliary resolution or setting of substitute signals, determined and via the outputs of the logic elements in the interlocking circuit is forwarded.

The most varied of types can be used for the construction of the logical connection elements electronic switching means, e.g. B. two-pole or multi-pole amplifier tubes, relay tubes, magnetically, inductively or electrostatically acting switching means can be used. However, in order to obtain an easily clear and operationally reliable circuit, are expedient according to the further invention for the logical linking elements known AND circuits with series-connected transistors are used. Due to the peculiarity of this arrangement, line interruptions are detected immediately, and there is a transistor that is short-circuited by a fault, experience has shown breaks through after a short time and has the same effect as a line interruption, a high level of operational security is achieved in this way.

In order to recognize malfunctions in good time, it is according to a further feature of the invention advantageous if further switching means are connected to the first logic combination elements are connected downstream with which for regularly recurring control commands such. B. for the setting of train and shunting routes, the potentials at the exits of the Resistance register before forwarding the control commands to the interlocking circuit be checked again. According to a further feature of the invention, the additional checking of the potentials at the outputs of the resistance register only with regularly recurring control commands, e.g. B. when setting up train and shunting routes, but not for control commands required in the event of malfunctions, e.g. B. in the route auxiliary resolution or when setting substitute signals.

Some possible embodiments of the inventive concept are with their different modes of operation in Fig. 1 to 11 shown schematically and explained in more detail below.

Fig. 1 shows a resistor register that z. B. one Group of routes is switched on; The output potentials are tabulated in FIG. 2 the resistance register is shown, which trigger certain operator actions; Fig. 3 shows various types of schematically illustrated logic linking elements as examples for the evaluation of possible usable states of the resistance registers; 4 and 5, the detailed structure of two circuits is the logic one Linking elements, for example for the substitute signal setting and the auxiliary resolution, reproduced; Fig. 6 shows an example of a resistance register for the keys for setting up shunting routes; in Fig: 7 are arrangements for locking represented by faults in the resistance registers; in Fig. 8 are the output potentials the circuit parts according to FIGS. 1 and 3 to 7 for button operations for setting of train and shunting routes, for setting up substitute signals and for auxiliary resolution as well as for the mutual monitoring of these operator actions in a table summarized; in Fig. 9 to 11 logical linking elements are shown, with which the various states tabulated in FIG. 8 are scanned can be.

The arrangement is powered by a center-tapped power source fed. In the examples shown, a 48 V battery is assumed to have the potentials + 24V, -24V and the center tap 0 are used. The ones at the outputs of the resistance registers and the logical linking elements shown in the individual parts of the drawing Plus or minus potentials relate to the center tap of the power source the potential 0, so that, depending on the given conditions, the plus potential denotes the Voltage value 0 to -I-24 V and the negative potential 0 to -24 V.

The resistance register according to FIG. 1 consists of the resistors R 1 to R 3 and the switch-on buttons T 1 to T 3 , each with a resistor R 41 to R 43. The resistors are dimensioned so that at the two outputs A 1 and A 2 each different voltages occur depending on how many keys are operated. If no key is pressed, the two outputs show positive potential. (This case is shown in Fig.1.) If there is only one key, e.g. If, for example, the button T 1 is operated, the voltage at output A 1 drops, but maintains positive potential, while negative potential occurs at output A 2. If two or more keys, e.g. B. the buttons T 1 and T 2 or T 1 to T 3, operated, then negative potential occurs at both outputs. To set train routes, for example, start and destination buttons are operated in the track diagram in the track diagram. A signal button is usually used as the start button, while a button assigned to a station or line track is used as the destination button. According to the invention, two resistance registers are now formed as shown in FIG. 1, one of which is influenced by the start keys and the other by the destination keys. The outputs of the resistance register for the start buttons are called Ast and Ast, the resistance registers for the destination buttons Az 1 and Az 2 . A large number of test processes can already be carried out with such resistance registers.

According to FIG. 2, in which the output potentials of resistance registers are recorded in accordance with the various types of key operations, z. B. at all outputs As 1 to Az 2 of the two resistance registers in the basic position (line Gr) plus potentials. When setting a train route (line Z of the table) by means of a start and a destination key, positive potentials occur at the outputs As 1 and Az 1, while negative potentials occur at the outputs Ast and Az2, as can be seen from the description of FIG. If the auxiliary release key is operated together with a destination key (line H), there is only negative potential at output Az 2, while when substituting signals, which is known to be done with the signal keys, according to line E, negative potential only occurs at output As 2, since then none Destination key may be operated. Line 0 also shows which potentials occur when two start buttons and two destination buttons are operated together.

It is now possible to have these different switching states shown in FIG to be recorded by electronic means and certain operating actions to make dependent. So you can z. B. Check the basic position (line Gr) if Shunting routes are provided because the train route buttons must then be unused. The output potentials of the resistance register for the operator actions according to the lines Z, H and E can e.g. B. in the train route setting, the auxiliary resolution or when setting substitute signals. Since this is the summary of If several potentials exist at the same time, these can be reduced by the Easily evaluate the use of logic elements.

Fig. 3 shows schematic examples - according to the representation according to the standard sheet draft DIN 45 700, sheet 14 for circuit symbols for information processing - such logical linking elements and their combinations for the four states shown in FIG. 2 and evaluable. To evaluate the switching state of the basic position, only one element in an AND circuit is required, whose inputs As 1, As 2, Az l and Az 2 with the identically labeled outputs of two resistance registers according to Fig. 1 (with the corresponding assignment of the start and finish buttons according to Fig 2) are connected; Positive potential occurs at output Gr if positive potential is present at all inputs. The example for train journeys is made up of two elements, one of which is used to evaluate the positive potentials at the inputs As l and Az l by means of an AND circuit and the other is used by means of an equivalent circuit to evaluate the negative potentials at the inputs Ast and Az 2, its outputs act together on another element in an AND circuit with output Z. The interconnection of elements for evaluating auxiliary resolutions or substitute signal settings with the outputs H and E can also be seen from FIG. The logic element with the inputs As 1, As 2 and Az l for the auxiliary resolution represents the circuit symbol for the complementation of the output; Negative potential occurs at the output of this element when positive potential is simultaneously applied to its inputs. The circuit symbol of the common element for the substitute signal position shows that negative potential occurs at the output of this element when negative potential is simultaneously applied to both of its inputs.

4 and 5 show the circuit examples shown schematically in FIG. 3 with the outputs E and H in their detailed structure. Fig. 4 shows a circuit arrangement of logic elements formed from diodes D 1 and D 2, transistors Trt to Tr3 with npn structure and resistors R5 to R9 at one of the inputs of the transistors Tr1 to Tr3 minus potential of the outputs Ast, Az1 and Az2 of the corresponding resistance register according to FIG. 1 and corresponding to line E according to FIG. Only when positive potential occurs at all three inputs (as shown) and thus the transistors are conductive, resistors R 6 and R 7 are connected to potential 0 through the transistor connection, i.e. short-circuited, so that now at output x negative potential instead of positive potential occurs. The output x and the input As 2 are connected via the diodes D 2 and D 1 between the resistors R 8 and R 9; The positive potential occurring in the basic position at output E now changes to negative potential if, in addition to input x, negative potential also occurs at input Ast, since in this case the diodes D 1 and D 2 have a current blocking effect. As long as positive potential is applied to one of the inputs x or Ast, positive potential also remains at output E, since the resistor R 8 is almost short-circuited by the current-conducting diodes.

5 shows a similar circuit arrangement with the resistors R 10 to R 15, in which the electronic means consist only of transistors, namely the transistors Tr4 to Tr6 with an npn structure and the transistors Tr7 and Tr8 with a pnp structure. With this circuit, the switching state of the auxiliary resolution (line H according to FIG. 2) can be evaluated. Positive potential occurs at the output y as long as one or all of the transistors Tr4 to Tr6 are blocking due to the presence of negative potential at one or all of the outputs Ast, Ast and Azl of the upstream resistor register. All three transistors become conductive when positive potential is applied to their base (as shown). In this case the plus potential at output y changes to minus potential. If negative potential also occurs at the input Az2, the negative potential changes at the output Hin positive potential.

In both cases you just have to ensure that, for. B. the setting of Substitute signals depends on the negative potential at output E (Fig. 4), or that an auxiliary resolution can only take place if there is positive potential at output H (Fig. 5) occurs. Of course, the potentials can also be different Select. In addition, the invention is not intended to be restricted to the examples mentioned but can be applied to all the buttons on the interlocking, such as the group of turnout buttons or the group of all auxiliary buttons to ensure that only one side key is always operated. The invention has in modern track diagram signal boxes an extremely wide range of applications.

The circuits shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, however, do not correspond fully complies with the security requirements. Thus, according to FIG. 4 at the output E z. B. always negative potential occur when the resistor R 8 or one of its leads is interrupted. In addition, negative potential always occurs at output E when a the diode D1 or D2 is blocked and the lead to the other diode breaks.

The circuit of FIG. 5 is more secure in that it can break off Lines to the transistors works in a safe sense, i.e. positive potential at the output H cannot occur. However, if one of the resistors R 14 or R 15 is destroyed, so the positive potential at output H remains permanently. To oppose this protect, you can z. B. all outputs of the logical linking elements to both Check tensions. How this can be done is illustrated by a larger example 6 and 7 shown.

6 shows a resistance register for the keys RT1 to RT3 with the transistors Tr9 to Tr11 interposed in an AND circuit for setting shunting routes. The resistors R 16, R 171 to R 173 and R 18 to R 22 are dimensioned in such a way that positive potential occurs at point r when two of the three keys RT1 to RT3 are operated, while negative potential occurs when all three keys are operated. As already stated, the potential information always relates to the potential 0 of the center tap of the current source. If no key is operated, positive potential occurs at input a. If, on the other hand, two or more keys are operated, negative potential occurs there. At output b there is normally negative potential, which can only change to positive potential if positive potential occurs at point r and negative potential occurs at inputs a, f and g of pnp transistors Tr9 to Tr11. The potentials present at the inputs f and g are identical to the potentials at the outputs f and g according to FIG. 9.

In the case of the resistance registers according to FIG. 1, the exploitable ones occur Switching states at output A 1 always have positive potential. Is z. B. the resistance If R 2 is destroyed, there is always positive potential at output A 1 and negative potential at output A 2, regardless of whether and how many buttons are used. This disturbance can be, for example thereby detect that, according to FIG. 7, the outputs Ast and Azl are each connected to one of these Resistance register switches on that (since when the start button is pressed at output A 1 high positive potential is present) at output c positive potential occurs. Because when operating a start button the voltage at the output Asl drops considerably, changes here the potential at output c from plus to minus. The same goes for the exit d for the resistance register of the destination key with output Az 1.

Fig. 8 shows an example summarized in a table, the key operation for setting train routes (line Z) and shunting routes (line R), for auxiliary resolution (line H), for setting substitute signals (line E) and their mutual monitoring as well shows how the circuit can be checked for faults. In the columns Ast, As t, Az 1 and. Az 2 the output potentials of the resistance registers according to FIG. 1 are listed in accordance with the aforementioned operating actions (lines Z, R, dog E), specifically according to FIG. 2, the line Gr there corresponding to line R in FIG. Columns a and b in FIG. 8 indicate the potentials at the outputs of the same name of the resistor register shown in FIG. 6 for the switching key operation. The potentials of the outputs c and d of the circuit parts shown in FIG. 7 for recognizing disturbances are shown in FIG. 8 in columns c and d.

The potentials given in columns e, f, g or h and i occur at the identically named inputs and outputs of the logical linking elements shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 for setting train routes (FIG. 9) and shunting routes (FIG. 10 ) if the corresponding operations are carried out and there are no faults in the circuit. In the columns Z, R, H and E, those potentials are finally listed, which occur with the corresponding operating actions (lines Z, R, H and E) and trouble-free switching at the outputs of the same name of the logic elements according to FIGS. 9 to 11. The strongly highlighted characters in the table according to Fig. 8 mean potentials that are set immediately when: Operating the keys for the operating state to be established at the corresponding outputs of the individual circuit parts, while the thin characters indicate potentials that are only used to check other logical logic elements to serve. (Although indicated potentials occur in the relevant switching state at the corresponding outputs, they are not checked.) FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 show circuit arrangements with which the various switching states compiled in FIG The potentials listed in FIG. 8 occur at their inputs and outputs in accordance with the operating actions. The circuit symbols shown in the figures correspond in turn to the circuit symbols proposed according to the draft standard DIN 40 700, sheet 14.

FIG. 9 shows a circuit arrangement of logic combination elements for setting up train routes. If, according to line Z of FIG. 8 , positive potentials are present at the inputs As 1, Az 1, a and h of the first element, the element becomes permeable and negative potential occurs at its output e. This output e, together with the inputs As 2, c, b and i, forms an equivalent circuit. Do these inputs lead to negative potential as shown in FIG. 8; in this way this element is also switched to be permeable, and the negative potential at its output f changes to positive. An equivalent circuit with the same effect evaluates the potentials present at its inputs Az2, d, e, b and i. If these potentials are identical to those indicated in line Z in FIG. 8, this element becomes permeable and the negative potential present at its output g changes to positive. The potentials of the outputs f and g, together with a further potential of the input R, which is identical to the potential at the output R in FIG. 10, are fed to a further logic element. If these inputs have positive potential at the same time, the positive potential at output Z changes to negative. This negative potential corresponds to the characters indicated in column Z and line Z in FIG. Thus, all conditions are checked at output Z, so that after all conditions have been met and output Z has negative potential, the setting of a train route is possible and can be initiated accordingly in the further interlocking circuit. The designations given in the columns of FIG. 8 relate to the corresponding outputs of the logic logic elements in FIGS. 9 to 11. The identically designated inputs of the elements receive their potential as a function of the identically designated outputs of the corresponding logic logic elements.

Fig. 10 shows the circuit arrangement of the logical linking elements for the setting of shunting roads. According to column R and line R of FIG. 8, negative potential must be present at the output R of the circuit according to FIG. 1.0 if the shunting route is to be adjustable. When all potential conditions are met, which are entered in FIG. 8 (line R), that is to say the corresponding potentials occur at the inputs of the elements according to FIG. 10, the positive potential present at output R changes to negative. The operation of the elements is similar to that shown in FIG. The input b receives positive potential if positive potential occurs at output b according to FIG. 6 when checking the switching key operation. Correspondingly, the potential that occurs at the outputs of the circuit shown in FIG. 7 is at the inputs c and d. The input e is used to monitor the basic position of the start and destination keys and receives its potential from the output e of the logic linkage element shown in FIG. 9 with the inputs As 1, Az 1, a and h. If inputs b, c, d and e have positive potential as shown in FIG. 8, then the positive potential present at output h changes to negative. This makes the downstream transistor conductive and bridges the two resistors connected to -I-24 V, so that the potential at switching point i changes from minus to plus. In the following logic element, this potential is checked with the applied potentials of the inputs H, E and Z, which are identical to the outputs of the circuits according to FIGS. 9 and 11. If these potentials correspond to line R in FIG. 8, the element becomes permeable and the plus potential at output R changes to minus.

The logic combination elements for the auxiliary resolution (line H according to FIG. 8) and for the setting of substitute signals (line E according to FIG. 8) are shown in FIG. The potentials at the inputs g and f or c and d are identical to the potentials occurring at the outputs g and f (FIG. 9) or the outputs c and d (FIG. 7). In the basic position, the outputs H and E again carry positive potential. When operating the corresponding keys for the auxiliary resolution or for setting a substitute signal, positive potential is applied to the inputs according to line H or E according to FIG. 8; the corresponding element becomes permeable and the positive potential at output H or E changes to negative.

As can be seen from the tabular list according to FIG. 8, all outputs a to 1 as well as Z, R, H and E of the logical linking elements are monitored for plus and minus potential. As already mentioned, the effectiveness of the outputs Asl and Azl is monitored by the potential applied to the outputs c and d of the circuits according to FIG. 7; it is thus determined whether the potentials at these outputs decrease accordingly when each key is operated. Since the aim is to check the different potentials of the outputs only where this can happen regularly, e.g. B. when operating train and shunting roads, so one could do without checking the potentials at the outputs a and b or h and i during the auxiliary resolution or when setting substitute signals. Nevertheless, this was included in the circuit examples in order to show how the various operating actions can be checked and evaluated by means of a meaningful logical link with relatively few elements.

It should again be noted that the circuits shown are only intended to serve as an example. Further processes such as switching can be carried out of turnouts, operation of the turnout auxiliary button or the up button also with check the same means. They can also be used in place of diodes or transistors other electronic means are also used for the logical linking elements be e.g. B. magnetic core memory, transfluxors, electrostatic or similar electrical means fulfilling the switching conditions.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1.Circuit arrangement for checking correct key operation in electrical interlocking systems, in which the key circuits are combined into groups of the same type and a resistor is switched on in each of the associated circuits when the keys are pressed, characterized by the use of a resistance register (e.g. from the Resistors R 1 to R 3 and R 41 to R 43 in Fig. 1) with several outputs (A 1 and A 2) for the combined circuits of similar buttons (contacts T 1 to T3), with which the on them depending on the number potentials applied to the actuated keys are evaluated as control indicators for the permissibility of key operation in a downstream test circuit (FIGS. 3 to 5 and 9 to 11). 2. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the outputs of the resistance register (Fig. 1) are followed by logic combination elements in which, depending on the potentials present at the outputs of the resistance register, that control command that corresponds to the combination of the keys pressed (z. B. places of train or shunting roads, route auxiliary resolution or places of substitute signals), determined and forwarded to the interlocking circuit via the outputs (Gr, Z, H or E) of the logic elements. 3. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that for the logical linking elements per se known AND circuits with series-connected transistors can be used. 4th Circuit arrangement according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that further switching means (Logical linking elements in FIGS. 9 and 10) the first logical linking elements are downstream; with which for regularly recurring control commands (e.g. Locations of train and shunting routes) the potentials at the outputs (A 1 and A 2) the resistor register (Fig. 1) before passing on the control commands to the Interlocking circuit must be checked again. 5. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the additional checking of the potentials at the outputs of the resistance register only with regularly recurring control commands (e.g. locations of train and shunting routes), but not for those required in the event of disruptions Control commands (e.g. route auxiliary resolution or setting of substitute signals) is made. Publications considered: German Patent Specifications No. 932 683, 955 325, 1049 896; German interpretative document No. 1071131.