DE112016003374B4 - HEATER AND RELATED CONTROL METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for controlling a heating device (1) of an electric vehicle in order to allow the thermal treatment of the air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle from a set temperature (Tc) determined, the method comprising:- a step (103) for measuring an external temperature (text) of the vehicle and an interior temperature (Tin) of the vehicle,- a step (105) for determining- the activation time required for the heating device (1) to reach the target temperature (Tc), starting from the exterior temperature (Text), the interior temperature ( Tin) and a thermal capacity of the heating device (1) and- the power to be applied to the heating device (1),- a step (106) for activating the heating device (1) according to the determined power to be applied during the determined activation period, characterized in that the Step (105) for determining the activation time required for the heating device (1) to reach the target temperature (Tc), a calculation of the time course of the interior temperature (Tin) of the vehicle as a function of the heat loss coefficient (G) of the vehicle passenger compartment, the thermal inertia (I) of the passenger compartment and the measurements of the temperature (Text) outside the vehicle and the inside temperature (Tin) of the vehicle.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of electric motor vehicles and in particular to the heating device of such vehicles.

Due to their limited range and the time it takes to charge their batteries, electric vehicles must be charged periodically when the vehicle is parked and a charging port is available.

However, even if the vehicle's battery(ies) can be fully charged, the vehicle's power consumption must be optimized in order to maximize the vehicle's range.

However, the comfort equipment and in particular the heating device often require a non-negligible amount of electricity, so that their use tends to reduce the range of the vehicle.

From the U.S. 2013/0 079 978 A1 , the DE 10 2011 086 569 A1 , the DE 10 2012 212 293 A1 , the DE 43 28 018 A1 as well as the DE 100 07 195 A1 heating devices and corresponding control methods are known.

Also, basics of heat transfer are out Wolfgang POLIFKE, Jan KOPITZ: Heat transfer. Basics, analytical and numerical methods. First edition. Munich: Pearson Studies, 2005. 492 pages. - 3-8273-7104-X . Excerpt from Chapters 4.1 and 7.1 known.

Furthermore, from the DE 30 24 983 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for determining a preheat energy amount.

It is therefore appropriate to find a solution that ensures optimal comfort for the user while maximizing the range of the vehicle by limiting the power consumption of the heater.

• - einen Schritt zur Messung einer Außentemperatur des Fahrzeugs und einer Innentemperatur des Fahrzeugs,
• - einen Schritt zum Ermitteln
  • - der Aktivierungsdauer, die die Heizvorrichtung benötigt, um die Solltemperatur zu erreichen, ausgehend von der Außentemperatur, der Innentemperatur und einer Wärmekapazität der Heizvorrichtung, und
  • - der bei der Heizvorrichtung aufzubringenden Leistung,
• - einen Schritt zur Aktivierung der Heizvorrichtung entsprechend der ermittelten aufzubringenden Leistung während der ermittelten Aktivierungsdauer.

The subject of the present invention is therefore a method for controlling a heating device of an electric vehicle in order to allow the thermal treatment of the air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle starting from a determined target temperature, the method comprising:

• - a step of measuring an outside temperature of the vehicle and an inside temperature of the vehicle,
• - a step to discover
  • - the activation time required for the heater to reach the set temperature, based on the outside temperature, the inside temperature and a heat capacity of the heater, and
  • - the power to be applied to the heating device,
• - A step for activating the heating device according to the determined power to be applied during the determined activation period.

Furthermore, the step of determining the activation time required for the heating device to reach the target temperature comprises a calculation of the time history of the interior temperature of the vehicle as a function of the heat loss coefficient of the vehicle passenger compartment, the thermal inertia of the interior and the measurements of the temperature outside the vehicle and the interior temperature of the vehicle.

Determining the power to be applied and the activation duration to reach a target temperature makes it possible to reduce the power consumption to reach the target temperature and thus ensure comfort for the user with minimal energy consumption.

The calculation of the time course of the internal temperature allows a reduction in the number of repetitions of the method steps for determining the time and the activation time of the heating device to reach the target temperature.

• - einen Schritt zur Parametrisierung der Uhrzeit, zu der die Solltemperatur erreicht werden soll, und
• - wobei der Schritt zur Aktivierung der Heizvorrichtung zu einer Uhrzeit durchgeführt wird, die ausgehend von der Aktivierungsdauer und der Uhrzeit, zu der diese Solltemperatur erreicht werden soll, ermittelt wird.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the method further comprises

• - a step for configuring the time at which the set temperature is to be reached, and
• - the step of activating the heating device being carried out at a time which is determined on the basis of the activation duration and the time at which this target temperature is to be reached.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the activation duration is also determined as a function of the heat loss coefficient of the vehicle passenger compartment.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the activation duration is also determined as a function of the thermal inertia of the vehicle passenger compartment.

wobei G der Wärmeverlustkoeffizient des Fahrgastraums ist,
T_ext die Temperatur außerhalb des Fahrzeugs ist,
T_in die Innentemperatur des Fahrzeugs ist,
P die Leistung der Heizvorrichtung ist und
I die Wärmeträgheit des Fahrzeugfahrgastraums ist.According to a further aspect of the present invention, the activation duration is determined using the following formula: $$t=-\text{ln}\left(\frac{\left(T_e-\left(\frac{P}{G}+T_{ext}\right)\right)}{\left(T_{in}-\left(\frac{P}{G}+T_{ext}\right)\right)}\right)\cdot \left(\frac{I}{G}\right)$$

where G is the heat loss coefficient of the passenger compartment,
T _ext is the temperature outside the vehicle,
T _in is the interior temperature of the vehicle,
P is the power of the heater and
I is the thermal inertia of the vehicle passenger compartment.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the power to be applied to the heater is the maximum thermal capacity of the heater.

Activation at maximum power allows a reduction in activation time and optimization of electricity consumption by heating.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the steps of measuring the temperature outside the vehicle and the inside temperature of the vehicle and determining the activation duration and the power to be applied to the heater are applied again in the activation step.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the steps for measuring the temperature outside the vehicle and the inside temperature of the vehicle and for determining the activation duration and the power to be applied to the heating device are carried out at predetermined times up to the activating step in order to determine the course of the inside temperature of the vehicle over time and the temperature outside the vehicle.

The repetition of certain process steps over time makes it possible to take account of the variation in the parameters taken into account during the process, in particular the temperature inside and outside the vehicle.

In accordance with an additional aspect of the present invention, the steps of the method include a step of connecting the electric vehicle to an electrical charge port.

Thus, the activation step can be performed when the vehicle is being charged so that the target charging temperature is reached. This improves both the comfort for the user and the range of the vehicle.

• - Elemente zur Messung der Temperatur außerhalb des Fahrzeugs und der Innentemperatur des Fahrzeugs,
• - Verarbeitungsmittel, die ausgehend von einer Wärmekapazität der Heizvorrichtung und der Außentemperatur und der Innentemperatur, die von den Messelementen bereitgestellt werden, die Aktivierungsdauer bestimmen können, die die Heizvorrichtung benötigt, um eine Solltemperatur zu erreichen, und die die bei der Heizvorrichtung aufzubringende Leistung ermitteln können,
• - Steuerungsmittel, die dazu eingerichtet sind, die Heizvorrichtung gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zu aktivieren.

The present invention also relates to a heating device of an electric vehicle, comprising:

• - elements for measuring the temperature outside the vehicle and the inside temperature of the vehicle,
• - Processing means which, based on a heat capacity of the heating device and the outside temperature and the inside temperature provided by the measuring elements, can determine the activation time required for the heating device to reach a target temperature and which can determine the power to be applied to the heating device ,
• - control means arranged to activate the heating device according to the method of the invention.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the processing means are designed to parameterize the time at which the target temperature is to be reached.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the heating device has a heat pump.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the heat pump is an air-to-air heat pump.

According to an additional aspect of the present invention, the heat pump is an air-to-water heat pump.

In accordance with an additional aspect of the present invention, the heater includes a positive temperature coefficient resistor.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show, by way of non-limiting example, a possible embodiment.

• - 1 ein Organigramm der Schritte des Verfahrens zur Steuerung der Heizvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• - 2 eine Kurve, die den zeitlichen Verlauf der Innentemperatur des Fahrzeugfahrgastraums zeigt;
• - 3 ein vereinfachtes Schema einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizvorrichtung.

In the drawings show:

• - 1 a flow chart of the steps of the method for controlling the heating device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
• - 2 a graph showing the history of the interior temperature of the vehicle cabin;
• - 3 a simplified scheme of a heating device according to the invention.

The term “electric vehicle” corresponds to any vehicle that has a device that allows the vehicle's battery(ies) to be charged at a charging outlet, such as a grid-connected outlet. This includes both "pure" electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles with an electric motor combined with another type of motor.

The present invention relates to a method for controlling a heating device 1 (in 3 1) of an electric vehicle in which, in particular when the vehicle is being charged, the device 1 for heating the vehicle passenger compartment is controlled in such a way that a target temperature T _c of the air in the vehicle passenger compartment is obtained. The target temperature T _c and the time H _r at which the target temperature T _c is to be reached can be parameterized by the user. The time H _r corresponds, for example, to the time at which the user uses the vehicle again after charging. The method also aims to minimize power consumption due to heating the interior. In fact, when the vehicle is parked and connected to an electrical charging socket, such a method allows to improve the comfort for the user or users who use a vehicle again, the interior of which is at the desired temperature, but also allows a reduction in the power consumption of the battery (n) of the vehicle, used to operate the heater 1, as these only maintain the set temperature T _c and the vehicle no longer starts from a temperature that can be very low, especially in winter and in certain countries, except for the Target temperature T _c must heat up.

The various steps in the process are now explained on the basis of 1 described, which shows the different steps of the method for controlling the heating device 1.

Step 101 is an optional step related to connecting the vehicle to a charge port that can charge the battery(ies). The vehicle is thus at a standstill and parked. The charging connection is connected to the mains, for example, and the connection is made, for example, via a cable provided for this purpose.

Step 102 is also an optional step and relates to the parameterization of the target temperature T _c . The time H _r at which the setpoint temperature T _c is to be reached can also be parameterised. This step is optional since these parameters can be defined by default, in particular the target temperature T _c and the time H _r at which the target temperature T _c is to be reached can be specified repeatedly, eg every day at a predefined time. The parameters can be set directly from a control device 7, which is 3 shown and located in the vehicle, eg, a rotary switch, control knobs, and/or a touch-sensitive screen of the vehicle. Alternatively, this configuration can be carried out remotely from a mobile device, for example with a device for remote control of the vehicle, such as an electronic key, a mobile phone or a touch-sensitive tablet, or any other device allowing communication with the processing means 5 of the vehicle. These parameters are then transmitted to processing means 5 associated with the heating device 1, for example to a microprocessor of the vehicle's on-board computer. Furthermore, the target temperature T _c may already be stored in the vehicle's storage means, eg in a memory or database 9 associated with the vehicle's on-board computer, and may correspond to the target temperature of the air conditioning when the vehicle is running.

The parameter H _r , related to the time when the vehicle will be used again, refers to a parameter that makes it possible to determine the time when the user will use his vehicle again, for example the time of the re-use itself or a duration between the time the parameter was specified and the time it was used again. This parameter can also be scheduled and recurring, where the user can indicate, for example, that he wants a passenger compartment at the target temperature T _c every day at 8 am.

Step 103 concerns the measurement of the temperature T _ext outside the vehicle and the inside temperature T _in of the vehicle. These measurements take place, for example, after the parameterization step 102 or when the user leaves his vehicle or the vehicle is connected to an electrical charging connection or due to a dedicated control by the user. The measurements of the inside temperature T _in and the outside temperature T _ext are carried out, for example, by sensors 3 that are located on the vehicle, in particular by sensors that are used for air conditioning. These sensors 3 are, for example, thermocouples or other sensors 3 that are known to those skilled in the art.

Step 104 is an optional step and relates to comparing the outside temperature T _ext and the inside temperature T _in measured in step 103 with the target temperature T _c . Namely, when the outside temperature T _ext and the inside temperature T _in are higher than the target temperature T _c , the process is stopped. Otherwise, the process goes to step 105. The process can also be stopped when the differences between the inside temperature T _in of the cabin, the outside temperature T _ext and the target temperature T _c are less than a predetermined difference of, for example, 2°C. The method may also be halted or prevented if the vehicle's battery(ies) charge level is less than a predetermined level.

Step 105 relates to determining the activation duration required for the heating device 1 to reach the target temperature T _c , based on the temperature T _ext outside the vehicle, the internal temperature T _in of the vehicle and the heat capacity of the heating device, ie the capacity of the heating device. to supply thermal energy to the vehicle. Step 105 also relates to determining the power that has to be applied to the heating device 1 during the activation period in order to reach the target temperature T _c . This step 105 is described in more detail in the description below.

Step 106 relates to the activation of the heating device 1 according to the power determined in step 105 and for the activation duration determined in step 105 . In this activation step 106, steps 103 and 105 can be applied again, so that the target temperature T _c is obtained at the desired point in time even if certain parameters, for example the temperature T _ext outside the vehicle, change. When the target temperature T _c is reached, the heating device 1 can be designed to regulate the temperature of the passenger compartment to the target temperature T _c for a predetermined period, this predetermined period of, for example, 15 minutes being selected by the user and stored in memory means of the vehicle can be. This predetermined duration is to prevent the temperature inside the passenger compartment from being maintained at the target temperature _Tc for a very long duration when the user ends up running late and needs to change the time to use the vehicle again. In addition, an indication of stopping the temperature regulation can be sent to a remote control device of the vehicle (electronic key, mobile phone or tablet) to inform the user of stopping the temperature regulation to the target temperature T _c . The user can then send a new command to keep the temperature regulation or set a new time H _r at which the target temperature T _c is to be reached. In addition, the measurements from step 103 and in particular the measurement of the interior temperature T _in of the vehicle can be carried out again in activation step 106, for example to check whether the target temperature T _c has been reached or the target temperature T _c has not been exceeded.

In addition, it should be noted that 1 shows the steps in a specific order, although this order may be changed. Step 102 can be performed before step 101, for example. Certain steps can also occur simultaneously.

The details of step 105 will now be described in detail.

With regard to determining the power to be applied to the heating device 1, it has been determined that the power consumption to reach the target temperature T _c is minimized by reducing the activation duration of the heating device 1, with the heating power then being at its maximum. The power considered is then the maximum power in the heating device 1, ie the power that the maximum thermal capacity of the heating device 1 provides.

According to a first embodiment, the activation time required for the heating device to reach the setpoint temperature T _c is determined based on the measurements of the temperature T _ext outside the vehicle and the internal temperature T _in the vehicle at predetermined times until the heating device 1 is activated. The activation duration is determined, for example, based on the heat loss coefficient G of the vehicle passenger compartment and the thermal inertia I of the vehicle passenger compartment. The heat loss coefficient G of the passenger compartment and the thermal inertia I of the passenger compartment are well-known parameters since they are predetermined by the vehicle manufacturer.

wobei t die Aktivierungsdauer ist und P die Leistung ist, die vorzugsweise der maximalen Wärmekapazität der Heizvorrichtung 1 entspricht. Wenn z.B. die Heizvorrichtung 1 mehrere Elemente aufweist, z.B. einen Widerstand oder einen Thermistor mit positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten und eine Wärmepumpe, ist anzumerken, dass die Leistung P der Summe aus den maximalen Leistungen der verschiedenen Elementen entspricht.The required activation time can be calculated using the following equation (1): $$t=-\text{ln}\left(\frac{\left(T_e-\left(\frac{P}{G}+T_{ext}\right)\right)}{\left(T_{in}-\left(\frac{P}{G}+T_{ext}\right)\right)}\right)\cdot \left(\frac{I}{G}\right)$$

where t is the activation duration and P is the power, which preferably corresponds to the maximum thermal capacity of the heating device 1. For example, if the Heating device 1 comprises several elements, eg a resistor or a thermistor with positive temperature coefficients and a heat pump, it should be noted that the power P corresponds to the sum of the maximum powers of the different elements.

Thus, at a given point in time, this activation duration t can be 5 minutes, and the time H _r at which the target temperature T _c is to be reached is 2 hours later. The activation time H _m thus corresponds to the difference between the time H _r and the activation duration t, ie 1h55 later. In order to take into account the variations in the various parameters and in particular the variations in the outside temperature T _ext and the inside temperature T _in , certain method steps and in particular steps 103 to 105 can be carried out again, for example when half the time up to the time of activation has elapsed, until that time is below a predetermined time. In the present case, steps 103 to 105 of the method are carried out again after 57.5 minutes (1h55=115 minutes and 115/2=57.5), etc., until the waiting time for the method steps to be carried out again is less than 10 minutes, for example amounts to. The duration for carrying out the method steps again can also be determined in another way. This duration can be determined, for example, as a function of the difference between the interior temperature T _in of the vehicle and the temperature T _ext outside the vehicle, so that the greater this difference, the shorter the duration, so that there is a strong fluctuation in the interior temperature T _in is taken into account. It is also possible to use a fixed time interval, for example every hour.

According to a second embodiment, the course of the interior temperature T _in of the vehicle can be calculated, for example, based on the original interior temperature T _in , ie the temperature measured at the start of the method, the original exterior temperature T _ext , the heat loss coefficient G of the vehicle passenger compartment and the thermal inertia I of the vehicle passenger compartment e.g. using the following equation (2): $$\frac{I\cdot \mathrm{i.e}{T}_{in}}{\mathrm{i.e}t}=G\cdot \left(T_{ext}-T_{in}\right)$$

By combining equations (1) and (2), it is thus possible to determine the activation time _Hm at which the heating device 1 must be activated in order to reach the setpoint temperature _Tc at the desired time _Hr . In addition, this determination of the activation time _Hm at which the heating device must be activated can be carried out again before the determined time _Hm , for example thirty minutes or an hour before, to allow for possible changes in the parameters used for determination and in particular the outside temperature T _ext and the internal temperature T _in must be taken into account.

2 shows an example of a curve obtained from equation (2) of the variation of the interior temperature T _in of the vehicle in degrees Celsius as a function of time t in seconds for a vehicle whose initial interior temperature at time t=0 20 °C and the outside temperature is -18°C.

According to an alternative embodiment to the second embodiment, the activation duration of the heating device 1 can be determined by assuming that the inside temperature corresponds to the outside temperature T _ext , which is the case when the vehicle remains stationary and without heating for a sufficiently long period. In 2 it can be seen that after 5000 seconds the internal temperature is close to the external temperature (-18 °C). The activation time H _m at which the heating device 1 must be activated in order to reach the target temperature T _c at the desired time H _r is then determined based on the activation duration determined by assuming that the internal temperature corresponds to the external temperature measured in step 103 . In this embodiment, it is also possible to repeat the method steps at a predetermined point in time before the activation of the heating device, as described in the other embodiments, in order in particular to take into account a fluctuation in the outside temperature T _ext . In addition, only the outside temperature T _ext can be measured in step 103 in this embodiment.

Thus, for the embodiments described above, the method steps can be repeated over time in order to take account of the variation of the parameters and in particular of the outside temperature T _ext . If the vehicle was in the shade at the time the procedure was started, for example when the user left his vehicle, and it is in the sun shortly afterwards (or vice versa), the outside temperature can vary greatly, so that the internal temperature T _in at the time of activation of the heater 1 could differ from the calculated temperature. This can prevent the passenger compartment from being heated either too early and consuming much electric power to keep the passenger compartment at the target temperature T _c by the time H _r at which the target temperature T _c is to be reached, or too late is heated, so that the passenger compartment at the time H _r when the vehicle is used again, not at of the target temperature T _c , resulting in inconvenience to the user and heavy use of the battery for heating the passenger compartment up to the target temperature T _c after the vehicle is used again.

According to a third embodiment, steps 103 to 105 of the method are carried out only at a predetermined time close to the hour H _r at which this temperature T _c is to be reached, for example 30 minutes before hour H _r . This predetermined point in time can be selected in such a way that the temperature fluctuations in the vehicle are reduced in this time interval and, when the heating device is activated, the interior temperature T _in of the vehicle is increased to a large range, for example 30° C. or 40° C. from an original temperature of -10°C, is made possible.

3 12 shows a diagram of the heating device 1 and in particular of the processing means 5 associated with the heating device 1. FIG. These processing means 5 correspond, for example, to the vehicle's on-board computer.

The processing means 5 are designed to retrieve, on the one hand, the parameters stored in a database 9 of the vehicle, either the heat loss coefficient G, the thermal inertia I of the passenger compartment and possibly the target temperature (although this can also be sent by the user and retrieved by the processing means). and on the other hand the parameters measured by the sensors 3, such as the outside temperature T _ext or the inside temperature T _in of the passenger compartment, as well as the parameters such as the set temperature T _c and the time H _r at which the set temperature is to be reached, set by the Users are provided by a remote control or by a controller 7 of the vehicle to retrieve. The processing means 5 are then designed to calculate, according to equation (1), the required heating time t and the switch-on time H _m at which the heating device 1 is to be activated, as well as the power at which the heating device 1 is to be activated, as described above determine. The switch-on time H _m and the power P to be applied, which are determined by the processing means 5, are then sent to the control means 11 of the heating device 1, which can activate the heating device 1 at the determined time H _m and with the determined power.

The heating device 1 comprises one or more heating elements, for example a heat pump of the air-to-air heat pump or air-to-water heat pump type. An air or water resistance with a positive temperature coefficient can be combined with the heat pump to increase the total electrical output. Thus, the maximum power corresponds to the sum of the maximum powers of the different elements that contribute to the heating power.

In order to better understand the present invention, an example of use of the heating device 1 according to the present invention will now be described.

A user parks their electric vehicle and connects it to an electric charge port to charge its battery during a one-hour appointment. He then sets the time of his return, one hour later, and indicates that he wants the temperature in his vehicle to be 25°C. Also, the inside temperature T _in of the vehicle at this time is 25°C, and the temperature T _ext outside of the vehicle is 5°C. These temperatures are measured by sensors 3 after the time H _r has been parameterized, one hour later, at which the target temperature T _c of 25° C. is to be reached. These measurements are sent to the processing means 5 of the heating device 1, which then, based on the measured temperatures and the maximum power of the heating device, determine the time H _m at which the heating device is to be activated. This determination leads to an activation time H _m which is 8 minutes before the time H _r at which the desired temperature is to be reached. The interior temperature T _in of the vehicle and the temperature T _ext outside the vehicle are re-measured 15 minutes before the time H _r , and re-determination results in an activation time H _m that is 7.5 minutes before the time H _r , where the difference to the first determination is due to an increase in the outside temperature T _ext , for example. The heating device 1 is thus activated 7 minutes and 30 seconds before the time H _r so that at the time H _r the air inside the passenger compartment is at a temperature of 25°C. The temperature of 25°C is then regulated. Thus, when the user picks up his car again 5 minutes after the time H _r and disconnects the vehicle from the electric charge connector, the air of the vehicle is at a temperature of 25°C, allowing the user to have thermal comfort as soon as he gets into his vehicle and to improve the range of the battery, as it is no longer necessary to heat the cabin air to reach the target temperature, but only to regulate the cabin temperature to the target temperature.

Based on the receipt of a parameterization with regard to a setpoint temperature T _c and a time H _r at which this temperature T _c is to be reached, the present invention thus enables tion determining the commands to be applied to the heating device 1 so that the temperature T _in within the vehicle passenger compartment at the parameterized time corresponds to the target temperature T _c , and the power consumption is limited to a maximum. If the method is carried out during a charging phase of the vehicle, firstly the preheating of the passenger compartment makes it possible to increase the comfort of the user whose vehicle passenger compartment is at the desired temperature as soon as it is used again and secondly to maximize the range of the vehicle, in that the energy used to heat the air in the vehicle passenger compartment to the desired temperature is no longer required.

Claims (11)

Method for controlling a heating device (1) of an electric vehicle in order to allow the thermal treatment of the air in the passenger compartment of the vehicle from a set temperature (T _c ) determined, the method comprising: - a step (103) for measuring an external temperature (T _ext ) of the vehicle and an inside temperature (T _in ) of the vehicle, - a step (105) for determining - the activation time required for the heating device (1) to reach the target temperature (T _c ), starting from the outside temperature (T _ext ), the internal temperature (T _in ) and a heat capacity of the heating device (1) and - the power to be applied to the heating device (1), - a step (106) for activating the heating device (1) according to the determined power to be applied during the determined activation period , characterized in that the step (105) for determining the activation duration that the heating device (1) requires in order to reach the setpoint temperature (T _c ), a calculation of the time profile of the interior temperature (T _in ) of the vehicle as a function of the vehicle passenger compartment heat loss coefficients (G), thermal inertia (I) of the passenger compartment and measurements of temperature (T _ext ) outside the vehicle and inside temperature (T _in ) of the vehicle. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that the method further comprises: - a step (102) of programming the time (H _r ) at which the set temperature (T _c ) is to be reached, and - the step (106) of activating the heating device is carried out at an activation time (H _m ), which is determined on the basis of the activation duration and the configured time (H _r ) at which this setpoint temperature (T _c ) is to be reached. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activation duration is also determined as a function of the heat loss coefficient (G) of the vehicle passenger compartment. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activation duration is also determined as a function of the thermal inertia (I) of the vehicle passenger compartment. procedure after claim 3 and claim 4 , characterized in that the activation duration is determined by the following formula: $$t=-\text{ln}\left(\frac{\left(T_e-\left(\frac{P}{G}+T_{ext}\right)\right)}{\left(T_{in}-\left(\frac{P}{G}+T_{ext}\right)\right)}\right)\cdot \left(\frac{I}{G}\right)$$

where G is the heat loss coefficient of the passenger compartment, T _ext is the temperature outside the vehicle, T _in is the inside temperature of the vehicle, P is the power of the heater, and I is the thermal inertia of the vehicle passenger compartment. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power to be applied to the heating device (1) is the maximum thermal capacity of the heating device (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steps for measuring (103) the temperature (T _ext ) outside the vehicle and the inside temperature (T _in ) of the vehicle and for determining (105) the activation duration and the heating device ( 1) power to be applied can be reapplied at the activation step (106). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steps for measuring (103) the temperature (T _ext ) outside the vehicle and the inside temperature (T _in ) of the vehicle and for determining (105) the activation duration and the heating device ( 1) the power to be applied can be carried out at predetermined times up to the activation step (106) in order to take into account the time course of the internal temperature (T _in ) of the vehicle and the temperature (T _ext ) outside of the vehicle. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steps of the method include a step (101) of connecting the electric vehicle to an electrical charge port. Heating device (1) of an electric vehicle, comprising: - elements (3) for measuring the temperature (T _ext ) outside the vehicle and the inside temperature (T _in ) of the vehicle, - processing means (5) which start from a thermal capacity of the heating device and the outside temperature (T _ext ) and the inside temperature (T _in ), which are provided by the measuring elements (3), can determine the activation time that the heating device needs to reach a target temperature (T _c ), and that the at the Heating device (1) can determine the power to be applied, - control means (11) which are set up to activate the heating device (1) according to the method according to any one of the preceding claims. Heating device (1) after claim 10 , in which the processing means are designed to parameterize the time (H _r ) at which the target temperature (T _c ) is to be reached.

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