DE102023106419A1 - Housing component for absorbing tensile and/or compressive loads, battery module and method for producing a housing component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a housing component (20) for a high-voltage battery, which (20) has a first end region (E1) which delimits the housing component (20) in a first direction (x), wherein the housing component (20) has, at least in the first end region (E1), a through opening (24) penetrating the housing component (20) in the third direction (y) for fastening the housing component (20) to a second housing component (18) of the high-voltage battery. The housing component (20) is designed as a reinforcing strut (22) which comprises a multi-layer structure in the third direction (y) with a plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) with reinforcing fibers (V; V1, V2, V3) arranged one above the other in the third direction (y), which are connected to one another by a plastic matrix (26), wherein at least one first layer (L1) in the first end region (E1) comprises a plurality of first reinforcing fibers (V1) running parallel to the first direction (x), and at least one second layer (L2, L3) comprises a plurality of second reinforcing fibers (V2, V3) not running parallel to the first direction.

Description

The invention relates to a housing component for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle for absorbing at least tensile and/or compressive loads in a first direction. The housing component has a length in the first direction, a width in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, and a thickness in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions. The housing component also has a first end region that delimits the housing component in the first direction, wherein the housing component has, at least in the first end region, a through-opening that penetrates the housing component in the third direction for fastening the housing component to a second housing component of the high-voltage battery. The invention also relates to a battery module for a high-voltage battery and a method for producing a housing component.

Ideally, the housing or housing components of high-voltage batteries should meet various requirements: Firstly, battery cells are subject to what is known as swelling, i.e. they swell over the course of their service life, and the cells also swell and shrink cyclically when charging and discharging the battery cells. Such swelling forces should be able to be absorbed by module housings or battery housings in particular. In addition, the battery cells should also be protected as well as possible in the event of a crash. Ideally, housing components should also contribute to this protection.

These requirements can be met by designing housing components to be sufficiently robust. However, a robust design usually means that more installation space is required and a very high weight must be accepted.

The EN 20 2021 105 082 U1 describes a traction battery unit for a motor vehicle with a plurality of battery cells which are arranged between a base part and a cover part. The traction battery unit further comprises at least one load-bearing strut which is arranged between the base part and the cover part, wherein adjacent battery cells are at least partially materially connected to one another, in particular glued to one another, to form a battery pack, and wherein the battery pack is also partially materially connected to the load-bearing strut, in particular glued to one another, whereby a battery module is formed.

The WO 2007 061 586 A1 describes an interwoven preform used to reinforce a composite structure. The preform comprises a central portion comprising a plurality of interwoven layers and end portions comprising a plurality of non-interwoven layers.

The object of the present invention is to provide a housing component, a battery module and a method which make it possible to absorb at least tensile and/or compressive loads in a first direction as well as possible, and this in the most weight-saving, space-efficient and cost-effective manner possible.

This object is achieved by a housing component, a battery module and a method having the features according to the respective independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent patent claims, the description and the figures.

A housing component according to the invention for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle for absorbing at least tensile and/or compressive loads in a first direction has a length in the first direction, a width in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, and a thickness in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions. The housing component has a first end region that delimits the housing component in the first direction, wherein the housing component has, at least in the first end region, a through-opening that penetrates the housing component in the third direction for fastening the housing component to a second housing component of the high-voltage battery. In addition, the housing component is designed as a reinforcing strut which comprises a multi-layer structure in the third direction with a plurality of layers with reinforcing fibers arranged one above the other in the third direction and connected to one another by a plastic matrix, wherein at least one first layer of the plurality of layers in the first end region comprises a plurality of first reinforcing fibers which extend parallel to the first direction, wherein at least one second layer of the plurality of layers in the first end region comprises a plurality of second reinforcing fibers which extend parallel to a fourth direction which is not parallel to the first direction, wherein the through-opening penetrates the at least one first and the at least one second layer in the third direction.

The invention is based on several findings: Firstly, in order to provide a housing component that is as robust as possible, it is possible to manufacture it from a fibre-reinforced Plastic, so that significant weight can be saved compared to a metallic design, for example. A multi-layer structure of such a reinforcing strut can be very easily adapted to the needs and requirements of the housing component. The desired robustness, in particular with regard to tensile and/or compressive strength, can thus be achieved by suitable selection of the number of layers of this multi-layer structure. In order to attach such a housing component to another housing component, the aforementioned through-opening is provided in the first end region, which penetrates the housing component in the third direction. The reinforcing fibers of the layers, which run in the first direction, can provide a particularly high tensile and/or compressive strength, especially for the first direction. However, the existing through-opening interrupts the reinforcing fibers running in the first direction in the first end region. If, for example, the reinforcing strut only had layers with reinforcing fibers that only ran in the first direction, the section of these fibers separated by the through-opening would only be held together by the plastic matrix. This would therefore be a particularly weak point, especially with regard to tensile loads that act in the area of this through-opening. This can now advantageously be prevented and the robustness in this first end area, in particular in the area of this through-opening, can be significantly increased by providing at least one second layer with reinforcing fibers, namely second reinforcing fibers, in addition to the at least one first layer, which run in a different direction than the first reinforcing fibers, preferably at an angle of 45° and/or 90°. This advantageously increases the robustness and above all the tensile strength in the area of the through-opening. This increases the load-bearing capacity of the reinforcing strut without having to accept a higher weight. This can also be achieved without the individual layers of the reinforcing strut having to be interwoven with one another. This allows for a much more cost-effective and simpler provision of the reinforcement strut.

The housing component for the high-voltage battery is, as explained in more detail later, preferably a side wall of a module housing of a battery module. A high-voltage battery for a motor vehicle can in particular have several such battery modules. The side walls, which are preferably provided by such a housing component, namely by such a reinforcing strut, preferably represent the side walls of such a module housing running in the direction of a cell stack. A battery module can in turn extend over the entire high-voltage battery in its stacking direction. Several battery modules can be arranged next to one another perpendicular to the stacking direction. This structure makes it possible, for example, to pass compressive forces acting on the high-voltage battery housing in the stacking direction through the high-voltage battery via such reinforcing struts. The battery cells are thus particularly well protected. This is particularly advantageous in the event of a crash. In addition, such a reinforcing strut can also absorb tensile forces very well due to the structure mentioned. This is in turn particularly suitable for absorbing swelling forces when a cell stack expands in the stacking direction.

For example, a screw hole can be provided through the through-opening, through which the housing component can be screwed to another housing component of the high-voltage battery. In addition, the reinforcing strut can also have a second end region, which is opposite the first end region in the first direction and which can be designed in the same way as described for the first end region. In other words, this can also have a layered structure, as is described in more detail below for the first end region. In addition, the second end region can also be designed with at least one such through-opening, in order to again provide a fastening option for fastening the housing component to the second housing component or a third housing component of the high-voltage battery. The reinforcing strut can thus be connected to or fastened to other housing components of the high-voltage battery at both end regions.

In addition to one end of the reinforcing strut in relation to the first direction, the first end region also includes an area immediately adjacent to this end. However, this is smaller than the rest of the reinforcing strut, in particular significantly smaller. The first through-opening is also located in this area.

The layer structure of the reinforcing strut can be different, particularly in the end region, than in other regions of the reinforcing strut, as will also be explained in more detail below. At least in the first end region, the reinforcing strut comprises at least one first layer with the first reinforcing fibers and at least one second layer with the differently aligned second reinforcing fibers. This makes it possible to specifically provide a significantly higher level of robustness of the reinforcing strut in the region of the first through-opening. This effectively prevents the fastening point in the area of the through-opening from tearing out.

Furthermore, the layers of the reinforcing strut are preferably designed in such a way that they are connected to one another exclusively via the plastic matrix. In other words, the individual layers arranged one above the other in the third direction should not be interwoven with one another via their reinforcing fibers.

Furthermore, in addition to the first reinforcing fibers running in the first direction, i.e. the first reinforcing fibers running parallel to the first direction, the first layer can also have further reinforcing fibers that run in a different direction, i.e. not parallel to the first direction. The first layer can also be designed such that it only has unidirectional reinforcing fibers, i.e. only comprises the first fibers that run in the first direction. Likewise, the second layer can be designed such that, in addition to the second reinforcing fibers, it also has further reinforcing fibers that run in a different direction than the second reinforcing fibers, i.e. are not designed to run parallel to the second reinforcing fibers. The second layer can also be designed such that it also only has unidirectional fibers, i.e. only the second reinforcing fibers that run in the fourth direction.

In addition, it is preferred that the reinforcing strut not only has a first layer, but can have several first layers, each of which has first reinforcing fibers that run parallel to the first direction. In addition, the reinforcing strut can also comprise several second layers, each of which has second reinforcing fibers that run parallel to the fourth direction.

According to a further very advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing strut in the first end region has at least a third layer of the multiple layers, which has third reinforcing fibers that do not extend parallel to the first direction and not parallel to the fourth direction. This allows the load-bearing capacity and robustness of the reinforcing strut to be further increased.

It is also particularly advantageous if the third reinforcing fibers extend parallel to the second direction and the fourth direction also encloses an angle between 0° and 90° with the first direction, and in particular also with the second direction, preferably +45° and/or +45°. Alternatively, the second reinforcing fibers can also extend parallel to the second direction and the third reinforcing fibers run parallel to a direction that encloses an angle between 0° and 90° with the first direction, and in particular also with the second direction, preferably +45° and/or +45°. In the following, for the sake of a simplified description of further exemplary embodiments, without restricting generality, it is assumed that the third reinforcing fibers run parallel to the second direction. The third reinforcing fibers therefore run perpendicular to the first reinforcing fibers. This allows stability to be further increased. In addition, the reinforcing strut can also have several third layers. In addition to the third reinforcing fibers, the third layer can also have further reinforcing fibers that run in a different direction than the third reinforcing fibers, for example perpendicular to them. However, the third layer can also be formed exclusively with unidirectional reinforcing fibers, i.e. exclusively with the third reinforcing fibers that run in the second direction or are aligned parallel to the second direction.

In addition, the multiple second layers with the second reinforcing fibers can be divided into two subgroups, namely those that, for example, form an angle of +45° with the first direction, and those whose reinforcing fibers form an angle of -45° with the first direction. These two subgroups therefore have reinforcing fibers that are perpendicular to one another. In other words, the reinforcing fibers of a first subgroup of the second layers are perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers of the second subgroup of the second layers. This can further increase the robustness, especially in the end area.

However, only one of the two subgroups can be used as the second layer.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing strut has a second end region which is opposite the first end region with respect to the first direction and which delimits the reinforcing strut opposite to the first direction. The reinforcing strut also has a central region which is arranged between the first end region and the second end region with respect to the first direction, in particular is arranged connecting these two end regions.

The reinforcement strut can therefore basically be divided into these three areas, namely the first end region, the second end region and the central region in between.

It is also preferred if the number of layers in the central region of the reinforcing strut is lower than in the first end region, and in particular also in the second end region. This has the great advantage that it can further save weight and installation space. In the end regions in particular, where the fastening points of the reinforcing strut are provided, a higher level of robustness can be provided in a targeted manner by a higher number of layers, which also have reinforcing fibers running parallel to different directions in order to prevent the fastening points from tearing out in these regions in particular. In the central region, not only the number of layers can be changed compared to the end regions, but also in particular the design of the direction of the fibers of these layers, as will be explained in more detail later. This advantageously makes it possible to design the individual regions of the reinforcing strut in a particularly efficient manner with regard to their load-bearing capacity, specifically to meet the respective requirements of the respective regions.

In a further very advantageous embodiment of the invention, all layers in the central region represent first layers whose first reinforcing fibers run parallel to the first direction, or a first number of first layers are arranged in the central region and a second number of fourth layers which comprise fourth reinforcing fibers which do not run parallel to the first direction, the first number being greater than the second number.

In other words, either only first layers can be provided in the central region, that is, only layers whose reinforcing fibers run parallel to the first direction, or at least the first layers whose reinforcing fibers run parallel to the first direction predominate in terms of numbers. This can provide a particularly high tensile and/or compressive strength in the first direction, particularly in the central region. This is very advantageous for the present application of using the reinforcing strut as a housing component of a high-voltage battery housing or module housing, in order to be able to efficiently absorb swelling forces and to transmit compressive forces in the event of a crash. Layers with reinforcing fibers that run in directions other than the first direction are accordingly not required in the central region. In other words, the first layers mentioned then do not have to include any reinforcing fibers that run in a direction other than the first direction.

It is also very advantageous if the first layers, which are arranged in the central region, also extend continuously into the end regions of the reinforcing strut, at least into the first end region and preferably also into the second end region. The other layers mentioned, in particular the second and/or third layers, can optionally be provided exclusively in the end regions, i.e. at least in the first end region and optionally also in the second end region, and can be limited to these end regions. This means that the second and/or third layers do not necessarily have to extend into the central region. The second and/or third layers can accordingly be made significantly shorter in the first direction than the first layers. Optionally, additional first layers can also be provided in the first and/or second end region, which are also limited exclusively to this end region in question and accordingly do not extend into the central region. The end regions can thus be further reinforced by additional first layers.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the second end region is designed in the same way as the first end region and, for example, also comprises the same number of layers, as well as the same layer sequence.

The different layers mentioned, i.e. the layers that differ in terms of the direction of the fibers they encompass, are also preferably arranged in an alternating sequence in the third direction. For example, in the third direction, a first layer can be followed by a second layer, then a third and/or a first layer again, and so on. For example, it can be provided that, with respect to the third direction, every second layer represents a first layer in relation to the sequence and a second or third layer is arranged between two such first layers. This has proven to be a particularly robust design of the edge regions.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing strut has an inner side and an outer side which are opposite one another with respect to the third direction, the inner side being flat. This is particularly advantageous because the reinforcing strut can thus be arranged particularly close to the cell stack of the battery module, of which the reinforcing strut provides the side wall of the module housing. In other words, the reinforcing strut is preferably used as part of a module housing in such a way that the inner side corresponds to the cell stack arranged in the module housing. If this inner side is flat, the reinforcing strut can be arranged particularly close to the cell stack and there is a significantly smaller gap between this inner side and the cell stack than if the inner side were provided with a curvature or something similar. This is therefore a particularly space-saving and therefore preferred design.

In principle, it is possible to make both the inside and the outside flat. However, since it is preferred that fewer layers are provided in the central region of the reinforcing strut than in the edge regions of the reinforcing strut, the reinforcing strut preferably also has a greater thickness in the third direction in the edge regions than in the central region. Accordingly, it is preferred to realize this increased thickness in the edge regions in such a way that the inside of the reinforcing strut is still flat. For example, the outside in the edge regions of the reinforcing strut can be raised compared to the outside in the central region in relation to the third direction, i.e., for example, it can be convexly curved outwards.

However, it is also conceivable to design the widening of the reinforcing strut in the edge areas symmetrically with respect to a center plane of the reinforcing strut, which is aligned perpendicular to the third direction and runs at least approximately in the middle of the reinforcing strut. Such a symmetrical design also has the advantage that it leads to less distortion during the manufacture of the reinforcing strut, in particular when drying the plastic matrix.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the reinforcing strut has a central plane with respect to the third direction, wherein a layer sequence of the layers in and against the third direction is symmetrical with respect to the central plane. The symmetry of the layer sequence relates here to the direction of the reinforcing fibers encompassed by the individual layers. The layer sequence of the layers should therefore be mirror-symmetrical with respect to this direction of travel in relation to the central plane. To give an example, this central plane in the third direction can be followed by a first layer, then a second layer, then again a first layer, then a third layer and then again a first layer. Furthermore, contrary to the third direction, this central plane can be followed by a first layer, then a second layer, then again a first layer, then a third layer and then again a first layer. The layer sequence is therefore the same as in the third direction. The layer sequence is therefore symmetrical with respect to the central plane. A symmetrical layer sequence also has the advantage that this usually results in significantly less or no distortion during the manufacture of the reinforcement strut. This makes it easier to assemble the reinforcement strut. Nevertheless, a slight distortion can also be tolerated, for example if the reinforcement strut can be deformed during assembly without any problems in such a way that this distortion can be compensated for. Under certain circumstances, such a distortion, i.e. a curvature of the reinforcement strut, for example in or against the third direction, can even be advantageous in order to build up a certain tension force in a certain direction, for example in the direction of the battery cells. This also makes it much more effective to prevent such a reinforcement strut from buckling outwards when pressure is applied at the end, even with a very long strut.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing strut has a sleeve, in particular a metal sleeve, which is arranged in the first through-opening, in particular wherein the sleeve is designed without a collar or is designed with only one collar or is designed as a double-collar sleeve with two collars. By means of such a sleeve, in particular a metal sleeve, the through-opening and thus the connection point for connecting the housing component to another component can be significantly stabilized. Tearing of the strut in this area can thus be prevented much more effectively. The sleeve provides a much more even distribution of force. Especially when the sleeve is designed with a collar or as a double-collar sleeve, a defined and almost incompressible thickness of the strut can be provided in the area of the through-opening in relation to the third direction and thus, for example, hard screw joints can also be realized. Metals in particular offer a high degree of stability for this, so that the design as a metal sleeve is preferred.

With such a symmetrical design of the layer structure, the strut can comprise an even number of layers in the end area as well as an odd number of layers in the central area. If the strut comprises an even number of layers, the middle plane is located in the middle between half of these layers. If the strut has six layers, for example, the middle plane is located between the 3rd and 4th layer in relation to the position of the layer starting from the inside or outside. If, on the other hand, the strut has an odd number of layers, the middle plane is located between the 3rd and 4th layer in relation to the position of the layer starting from the inside or outside. number of layers, the middle plane runs in the plane of the middle layer.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the two outermost layers of the reinforcing strut with respect to the third direction comprise reinforcing fibers formed exclusively as glass fibers, in particular wherein the layers of the reinforcing strut different from the two outermost layers comprise reinforcing fibers formed as glass fibers and/or carbon fibers.

In general, the reinforcing fibers of the layers can be made from glass fibers or carbon fibers. Both types of fibers enable the formation of a very stable strut. However, it is preferable to make the reinforcing fibers from glass fibers, especially for the outermost two layers of the reinforcing strut. This has the great advantage that it increases the corrosion resistance of the strut, especially in the area of the through-hole with the metal sleeve. The glass fiber layer therefore serves to prevent contact corrosion. In addition, this outer glass fiber layer ensures that the reinforcing strut is electrically insulated from the outside. This is particularly advantageous for high-voltage applications.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a battery module for a high-voltage battery, wherein the battery module has a housing component according to the invention or one of its embodiments.

The advantages mentioned for the housing component according to the invention and its embodiments therefore apply in the same way to the battery module according to the invention. Furthermore, it is very advantageous if the battery module comprises a module housing in which a cell stack with several battery cells arranged in a stacking direction is arranged, wherein the module housing has two first housing walls that delimit the battery module in and against the stacking direction, wherein the module housing has two side walls that each extend in the stacking direction and connect the two first housing walls to one another, wherein at least one of the side walls is designed as the housing component. It is therefore very advantageous to design the housing components mentioned as side walls of such a module housing. The stacking directions can correspond to the first direction. In relation to a proper installation position in a motor vehicle, the second direction can then, for example, correspond to a vehicle vertical direction and the first direction to a vehicle transverse direction or a vehicle longitudinal direction. Preferably, the first direction corresponds to a vehicle longitudinal direction.

The module housing can also be designed as a frame and accordingly does not require a separate upper and lower part. A housing base or housing cover can, for example, be provided as a common base and cover for a plurality of such battery modules, for example by means of an overall battery housing. In such a battery housing, for example, several battery modules according to the invention or battery modules according to embodiments of the invention can be arranged to form a high-voltage battery.

Accordingly, the invention also includes a high-voltage battery that has a battery module according to the invention or one of its embodiments. Furthermore, a motor vehicle with such a battery module or such a high-voltage battery should also be considered to be part of the invention.

The motor vehicle according to the invention is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car or truck, or as a passenger bus or motorcycle.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for producing a housing component for absorbing at least tensile and/or compressive loads in a first direction for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle, wherein a base body of the housing component is provided which has a length in the first direction, a width in a second direction and a thickness in a third direction. Furthermore, the base body has a first end region which delimits the base body in the first direction, wherein the base body is formed at least in the first end region with a through opening penetrating the base body in the third direction for fastening the housing component to a second housing component of the high-voltage battery. The housing component is designed as a reinforcing strut in that, in order to provide the base body in the third direction, several layers with reinforcing fibers are arranged one above the other, which are connected to one another by a plastic matrix, wherein at least one first layer of the several layers in the first end region comprises several first reinforcing fibers that extend parallel to the first direction, wherein at least one second layer of the several layers in the first end region comprises several second reinforcing fibers that extend in a fourth direction that is not parallel to the first direction, and wherein the through-opening is formed such that it penetrates the at least one first and the at least one second layer in the third direction.

Here too, the advantages described with regard to the housing component according to the invention and its embodiments apply equally to the method according to the invention.

The invention also includes further developments of the method according to the invention which have features as have already been described in connection with the further developments of the housing component according to the invention. For this reason, the corresponding further developments of the method according to the invention are not described again here.

The invention also includes combinations of the features of the described embodiments. The invention therefore also includes implementations that each have a combination of the features of several of the described embodiments, provided that the embodiments have not been described as mutually exclusive.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Batteriemoduls gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils einer Seitenwand des Batteriemoduls aus 1 gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung des Teils der Seitenwand aus 2 in einer Querschnittsdarstellung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines Endbereichs einer Seitenwand für ein Modulgehäuse gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines Endbereichs einer Seitenwand für ein Modulgehäuse gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; und
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung eines Endbereichs einer Seitenwand für ein Modulgehäuse gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

Embodiments of the invention are described below.

• 1 a schematic representation of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 2 a schematic representation of a part of a side wall of the battery module 1 according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 3 a schematic representation of the part of the side wall from 2 in a cross-sectional view according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 4 a schematic representation of an end region of a side wall for a module housing according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 5 a schematic representation of an end region of a side wall for a module housing according to a further embodiment of the invention; and
• 6 a schematic representation of an end region of a side wall for a module housing according to a further embodiment of the invention.

The exemplary embodiments explained below are preferred embodiments of the invention. In the exemplary embodiments, the components of the embodiments described each represent individual features of the invention that are to be considered independently of one another and which also develop the invention independently of one another. Therefore, the disclosure should also include combinations of the features of the embodiments other than those shown. Furthermore, the described embodiments can also be supplemented by other features of the invention already described.

In the figures, identical reference symbols designate functionally identical elements.

1 shows a schematic representation of a battery module 10 according to an embodiment of the invention. The battery module 10 comprises a module housing 12 and a plurality of battery cells 14 arranged in the module housing, only some of which are provided with a reference symbol for reasons of clarity. The battery cells 14 in this example are designed as prismatic battery cells 14 and are arranged next to one another in a stacking direction S, which in this example runs parallel to the x-direction shown. The battery cells 14 are therefore part of a cell stack 16 which is arranged in the module housing 12. Furthermore, the battery cells 14 can be designed as lithium-ion cells, for example. These are also preferably designed as prismatic battery cells or pouch cells. The battery cells 14 can also be round cells, however. Accordingly, it is not necessary for them to be combined to form a cell stack 16.

The module housing 12 is again designed in several parts. This comprises two first side walls 18, which can also be referred to as end plates. These first side walls 18 delimit the cell stack 16 in and against the stacking direction S. The module housing 12 also comprises two side walls 20, which connect the end plates 18 to one another and are opposite one another with respect to the illustrated y-direction, which is perpendicular to the stacking direction S. The side walls 20 can be fastened to the end plates 18. Each side wall 20 has a length I in the x-direction and can also be divided into three regions in the x-direction, namely a first end region E1, a second end region E2 opposite in the x-direction and a central region Z arranged between the first and second end regions E1, E2.

The respective side walls 20 are advantageously designed as multi-layer, fiber-reinforced reinforcing struts 22. In particular, these reinforcing struts 22 can be designed as tension-compression struts that are designed to absorb tensile and compressive forces, in particular in and against the x-direction.

In addition, the side walls 20 are attached to the end plates 18 as already mentioned. Fastening to the end plates 18 takes place via the respective end areas E1, E2. This fastening is preferably carried out via a screw connection. For this purpose, through holes 24 (cf. 2 ) as shown for the first end area E1 in 2 is shown.

The side wall, which is designed as a reinforcing strut 22, does not necessarily have to be the side wall 20 of a module housing 12, but can also be, for example, a side wall of an overall battery housing or a partition wall between individual receiving areas within such an overall battery housing. However, the design as the side wall 20 of a module housing 12 is preferred.

2 shows in particular a schematic representation of the first end region E1 of such a strut 22 in a perspective view. The strut 22 can be 1 already described. The strut 22 has a height H in the z-direction and also a multi-layer structure, i.e. it comprises several individual layers L, each of which is formed with reinforcing fibers V, with the individual layers L being arranged one above the other in the y-direction. This results in a corresponding thickness of the strut 22 in the y-direction depending on the number of layers L. In the end region E1, this thickness is designated by D (cf. 3 ), which in particular also corresponds to the thickness in the second end region E2, and in the central region Z the thickness is designated by d (cf. 3 ), which may optionally differ from the thickness D in the end areas E1, E2.

Furthermore, these layers L are connected to one another via a plastic matrix 26 or embedded in such a plastic matrix 26. The reinforcing fibers V of these layers L can be, for example, carbon fibers and/or glass fibers. In order to achieve a high tensile and/or compressive strength in the x-direction, it is preferred that these layers L have reinforcing fibers V that run at least partially in the x-direction. In other words, at least some of these reinforcing fibers V should be aligned parallel to the x-direction.

The individual layers L extend essentially parallel to the x-z plane. Accordingly, the individual reinforcing fibers V also all run essentially within a plane that is parallel to this x-z plane. The reinforcing fibers V therefore do not extend in the y direction and/or the individual layers L are connected to one another exclusively via the plastic matrix 26.

However, if all reinforcing fibers were aligned exclusively parallel to the x-direction, high tensile strength could not be provided in the area of the fastening point provided by the through-opening 24, since a certain part 28 of these layers would only be connected to one another via the matrix 26, since the through-opening 24 would sever the fibers running in the x-direction. The invention and its embodiments now advantageously make it possible to form this strut 22 with improved tensile strength, particularly in the end region E1, as will be explained in more detail below.

In this example, a metal sleeve 30 is arranged in the area of the through-opening 24, in particular within this through-opening 24. In this example, this is designed with a one-sided collar 32.

3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a first end region E1 of a strut 22 according to a further embodiment of the invention. This strut 22 can also be designed as described above. In particular, the metal sleeve 30 with the one-sided band 32 arranged in the through opening 24 can be clearly seen again. The sleeve 30 has a sleeve neck 34, so to speak, which is arranged inside the opening 24, and an edge 32 outside this opening 24, which directly adjoins the neck 34 and can also be referred to as a band. Instead of such a sleeve 30 with only one band 32, a double-band sleeve can also be used or alternatively a sleeve 30 without any bands 32, which therefore only comprises a sleeve neck 34 inside the opening 24. The opening 24 is preferably cylindrical.

The strut 22 is now advantageously designed differently in the first end region E1 than, for example, in the central region Z. These differences can relate both to the layer structure of the layers L and to their number in the y-direction. In addition, at least in the first end region E1, layers L are provided which comprise reinforcing fibers V which are not parallel to the x-direction shown, but for example enclose a 45° angle and/or 90° angle with the x-direction. Particularly advantageous layer sequences are now explained in more detail below by way of example. The layers L in the central region Z in particular can be designed almost exclusively or exclusively with reinforcing fibers V running in the x-direction. This is very advantageous because the central region Z can then be subjected to tensile and compressive loads. in and against the x-direction. Reinforcement with regard to the fastening is thus only implemented in the end area E1 and preferably in the corresponding opposite end area E2. Here, layers L that are not parallel to the x-direction are also used in the end areas E1, E2.

In general, the strut 22 preferably comprises first layers L1 with first reinforcing fibers V1, which are aligned parallel to the x-direction, i.e. in the stacking direction S relative to the intended installation position of the side wall 20 with respect to the cell stack 16.

Furthermore, the strut 22 comprises at least a second layer L2 with second reinforcing fibers V2, which are inclined by + 45° or - 45° with respect to the x-direction and which also run in the x-z plane.

Furthermore, the strut 22 comprises at least a third layer L3 with third reinforcing fibers V3, which run parallel to the z-direction shown. In the 3 In the example shown, several first layers L1 are provided which extend over the entire strut 22 in the x-direction, that is to say over the first end region E1, as well as over the central region Z and, although not shown here, over the second end region E2. Furthermore, the strut 22 also comprises layers which are arranged exclusively in the first and/or second end regions E1, E2. In this example, two first layers L1 are additionally provided in the first end region E1, to which a second layer L2 with second reinforcing fibers V2 adjoins, opposite to the y-direction shown, and to which a third layer L3 with third reinforcing fibers V3 adjoins, opposite to the y-direction shown.

Furthermore, the second end region E2 can also be designed as described for the first end region E1.

In addition, each strut 22 has an inner side 22a and an outer side 22b, wherein the inner side 22a faces the cell module, namely the cell stack 16, and the outer side 22b faces away from the cell stack 16 (see also 1 ). In the present example, the inner side 22a is flat. This has the great advantage that it allows a more compact design of the overall battery module.

4 shows a part of a strut 22, in particular its first end region E1, according to a further embodiment of the invention. This end region is now formed with a slightly different layer sequence. Here, too, several first layers L1 are provided, which extend over the entire length of the strut 22 in the x-direction. In addition, only such first layers L1 are arranged in the central region Z. The end regions E1, E2 in turn comprise further layers, namely additional second and third layers L2, L3. Starting from the bottom in relation to the y-direction shown, a first layer L1 is initially provided, which is then followed in the y-direction by a third layer L3, which in turn is followed by a first layer L1, which in turn is followed by a second layer, which in turn is followed by two first layers L1, as well as optionally further first layers L1.

All first layers L1 can optionally be designed as continuous layers, which therefore extend over the entire length of the strut 22, i.e. over the central region Z including the two adjoining end regions E1, E2. The remaining layers L2, L3 can be limited to the first end region E1 and corresponding layer sequences can be implemented in the second end region E2. However, some of the first layers, in particular a first layer L1 in this example, is also only limited to the first region E1 and can be provided in a corresponding manner in the second end region E2, but does not extend into the central region Z. In this example, too, the inner side 22a is again flat.

5 shows a schematic representation of a part of a strut 22 with its first end region E1 according to a further embodiment of the invention. In this example, the strut 22 again comprises first layers L1, second layers L2 and third layers L3, which in the present example are, however, designed symmetrically with respect to a central plane M. Starting from this central plane M, which is also aligned essentially parallel to the xz plane, this central plane M is adjoined both in the y direction and against the y direction in the first end region E1 by first a first layer L1, then a third layer L3, then again a first layer L1, then a second layer L2, and then a first layer L1. Such a symmetrical structure can prevent any warping. In this example, all first layers L1 are designed as continuous layers and also extend over the central region Z. All other second and third layers, however, do not extend into the central region Z.

6 shows a schematic representation of a part of a strut 22 according to a further embodiment of the invention. In this example, the layer structure in the end regions E1, E2 does not differ from the layer structure in the central region Z. All layers are accordingly continuous layers. In this example, for example, a second layer L2 can be provided as the bottom layer, which is then followed by a first layer L1 in the y-direction. Also, on the side opposite the y-direction, namely the inner side 22a, a second layer L2 can be provided, which is followed by a first layer L1 in the opposite direction to the y-direction. In between, a single layer L is provided as an example, which can be designed as any layer. The layer L can also be a sequence of several layers L. The layer sequence as a whole in the y-direction is again designed such that it is preferably mirror-symmetrical with respect to a central plane M.

Furthermore, it is very advantageous if the two outermost layers LA are designed as glass fiber layers in relation to the y-direction. The fiber direction can basically point in any direction, preferably in the x-direction. Such a glass fiber layer LA on both sides, in particular for providing the inner side 22a and the outer side 22b, has the advantage of avoiding contact corrosion and electrically insulating the strut 22 from the outside.

These outer glass fiber layers LA are also exemplary in the example in 5 In all other examples, these can also be provided, even if not explicitly shown. In addition, in the examples in 4 , 5 and 6 the corresponding through-openings 24 are not shown. The examples shown can therefore be a preliminary stage, for example a base body 22' for the strut 22 to be produced, in which the corresponding through-openings 24 are to be provided in the respective end regions E1 and in a corresponding manner in the second end region E2, as well as the sleeves 30 to be arranged therein.

As in 1 As shown, the struts 22 extend over the entire length of such a battery module 10 in the x-direction. Such a battery module 10 is preferably aligned with its longitudinal extension in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. As a result, such battery modules 10 can be very long, for example with a length in the x-direction of approximately 2 meters.

With such long lengths, it is also advantageous if a mechanism is also provided to prevent the struts 22 from buckling outwards, i.e. away from the cells 14, especially in the event of pressure being applied in or against the x-direction. Such mechanisms can be provided by guides, clamps or also by a geometric rigidity of the struts 22 themselves. For example, the struts 22 can be guided by guides in their course in the x-direction or the battery module 10 can be wrapped, for example, by a type of band that runs around the module 10 perpendicular to the stacking direction S. Several such bands can also be provided. These can be arranged at a distance from one another in the x-direction. This allows the side walls 22 to be reliably held on the module 10 or the cell stack 16 and prevents buckling. To provide geometric rigidity, the strut 22 can be designed with a corresponding cross-section perpendicular to the x-direction. Such a cross-sectional geometry is then preferably different from a rectangular geometry. For example, the strut can be designed in this cross-section perpendicular to the x-direction with an L-shaped cross-section or a C-shaped cross-section. This significantly increases the rigidity, especially with regard to pressure loads in the x-direction. Such a geometry can be achieved by appropriately deforming the layer composite at the ends of the struts in relation to the z-direction, for example by bending or folding or something similar.

Overall, the examples show how the invention can be used to provide a tension-compression strut in the high-voltage battery or on the battery module.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202021105082 U1 [0004]
• WO 2007061586 A1 [0005]

Claims (10)

Housing component (20) for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle, for absorbing at least tensile and/or compressive loads in a first direction (x), - wherein the housing component (20) has a length (I) in the first direction (x), a width (B) in a second direction (z) which is perpendicular to the first direction (x), and a thickness (d, D) in a third direction (y) which is perpendicular to the first and second directions (x, z); - wherein the housing component (20) has a first end region (E1) which delimits the housing component (20) in the first direction (x), - wherein the housing component (20) has, at least in the first end region (E1), a through opening (24) penetrating the housing component (20) in the third direction (y) for fastening the housing component (20) to a second housing component (18) of the high-voltage battery, characterized in that - the housing component (20) is designed as a reinforcing strut (22) which comprises a multi-layer structure in the third direction (y) with a plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) arranged one above the other in the third direction (y) with reinforcing fibers (V; V1, V2, V3) which are connected to one another by a plastic matrix (26); - wherein at least one first layer (L1) of the plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) in the first end region (E1) comprises a plurality of first reinforcing fibers (V1) which extend parallel to the first direction (x); - wherein at least one second layer (L2, L3) of the plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) in the first end region (E1) comprises a plurality of second reinforcing fibers (V2, V3) which extend parallel to a fourth direction which is not parallel to the first direction (x); and - wherein the through opening (24) penetrates the at least one first and the at least one second layer (L1, L2) in the third direction (y). Housing component (20) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the reinforcing strut (22) in the first end region (E1) has at least a third layer (L3, L2) of the plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3), which has third reinforcing fibers (V3, V2) which do not extend parallel to the first direction (x) and not parallel to the fourth direction, and which in particular extend parallel to the second direction (z). Housing component (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing strut (22) has a second end region (E2) which is opposite the first end region (E1) with respect to the first direction (x) and which delimits the reinforcing strut (22) opposite to the first direction (x), wherein the reinforcing strut (22) has a central region (Z) which is arranged with respect to the first direction (x) between the first end region (E1) and the second end region (E2), in particular connecting them, wherein a number of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) in the central region (Z) of the reinforcing strut (22) is less than in the first end region (E1), and in particular also in the second end region (E2). Housing component (20) according to Claim 3 , characterized in that - all layers (L; L1, L2, L3) in the central region (Z) represent first layers (L1) whose first reinforcing fibers (V1) run parallel to the first direction (x); or - a first number of first layers (L1) are arranged in the central region (Z), and a second number of fourth layers (L) are arranged which comprise fourth reinforcing fibers (V) which do not run parallel to the first direction (x), the first number being greater than the second number. Housing component (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing strut (22) has an inner side (22a) and an outer side (22b) which are opposite one another with respect to the third direction (y), the inner side (22a) being flat. Housing component (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing strut (22) has a center plane (M) with respect to the third direction (y), wherein a layer sequence of the layers (L; L1, L2, L3) in and against the third direction (y) is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the center plane (M). Housing component (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing strut (22) has a sleeve (30), in particular a metal sleeve (30), which is arranged in the first through-opening (24), in particular wherein the sleeve (30) - is designed without a collar; or - is designed with only one collar (32); or - is designed as a double-collar sleeve with two collars (32). Housing component (20) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two outermost layers (LA) of the reinforcing strut (22) with respect to the third direction (y) comprise reinforcing fibers (V; V1, V2, V3) formed exclusively as glass fibers, in particular wherein the layers (L) of the reinforcing strut (22) different from the two outermost layers (LA) comprise reinforcing fibers (V; V1, V2, V3) formed as glass fibers and/or carbon fibers. Battery module (10) for a high-voltage battery, wherein the battery module (10) has a housing component (20) according to one of the preceding claims, in particular wherein the battery module (10) comprises a module housing (12) in which a cell stack (15) with a plurality of battery cells (14) arranged in a stacking direction (S) is arranged, wherein the module housing (12) has two first housing walls (18) which delimit the battery module (10) in and against the stacking direction (S), wherein the module housing (12) has two side walls (20) which each extend in the stacking direction (S) and connect the two first housing walls (18) to one another, wherein at least one of the side walls (20) is designed as the housing component (20). Method for producing a housing component (20) for absorbing at least tensile and/or compressive loads in a first direction (x) for a high-voltage battery of a motor vehicle, - wherein a base body (22') of the housing component (20) is provided which has a length (I) in the first direction (x), a width (B) in a second direction (z) and a thickness (d, D) in a third direction (y), - wherein the base body (22') has a first end region (E1) which delimits the base body (22') in the first direction (x), - wherein the base body (22') is formed at least in the first end region (E1) with a through opening (24) penetrating the base body (22') in the third direction (y) for fastening the housing component (20) to a second housing component (18) of the high-voltage battery, characterized in that - the housing component (20) is formed as a reinforcing strut (22) is produced by arranging a plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) with reinforcing fibers (V; V1, V2, V3) one above the other in order to provide the base body (22') in the third direction (x), which are connected to one another by a plastic matrix (26); - wherein at least one first layer (L1) of the plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) in the first end region (E1) comprises a plurality of first reinforcing fibers (V1) which extend parallel to the first direction (x); - wherein at least one second layer (L2, L3) of the plurality of layers (L; L1, L2, L3) in the first end region (E1) comprises a plurality of second reinforcing fibers (V2, V3) which extend parallel to a fourth direction which is not parallel to the first direction (x); and - wherein the through opening (24) is formed such that it penetrates the at least one first and the at least one second layer (L1, L2) in the third direction (y).

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