DE102022002233A1 - Weapons system with precision guided ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a weapon with precision-guided ammunition. The ammunition, e.g. a projectile, is activated by laser beams that penetrate through the light window built into the projectile and execute control commands there. This allows a projectile to be controlled and steered independently of its caliber. The method works with both large projectiles and very small projectiles, as is the case with hand weapons. In theory, you can also control the projectile of a small pistol (7.62mm) with it. The laser beams are delivered to the projectile by a laser emitter built into the weapon and the commands are transmitted there. The control can be done at any time and in real time. Because no radio waves or radio waves are used, the device here is almost completely immune to interference.

Description

The invention relates to a weapon system with precision-guided ammunition, preferably a missile or rocket, which can be controlled and steered using laser beams that hit it and penetrate into corresponding light windows at the rear of the projectile.

Precision-guided munitions are self-guiding rockets, missiles, bombs and artillery shells that can influence their flight attitude after leaving the carrier system or after being launched and can achieve greater targeting accuracy than unguided munitions.

The idea of guiding projectiles or rockets was already implemented during the Second World War. It was already recognized at that time that a steerable projectile or rocket can carry out an action much more precisely, with less explosive mass being able to cause greater damage and also the collateral damage being lower.

There are numerous guidance systems that can guide a missile or missile. For example, radio-guided, wire-guided, radar-guided, optically-guided, laser-guided, satellite-guided weapon systems are used for both bombs and projectiles or rockets (e.g. anti-tank missiles).

In some specialist books on external ballistics, the basics of spin stabilization and the difference to arrow stabilization are explained. With spin stabilization, the air attack point is on the bow side in front of the projectile's center of gravity. There are called aerodynamic coefficients, such as a pitching moment derivative coefficient Cma, which affect the trajectory.

A missile is a conventional, heavy payload missile with a precision guidance assembly screwed into the nose of the missile. The missile is spin stabilized. In contrast to an arrow stabilization with fins at the rear, the air resistance is somewhat lower with spin-stabilized projectiles. Correspondingly, spin-stabilized projectiles have a longer range. However, spin-stabilized projectiles are more difficult to direct. Often a precision guidance kit is fitted to the nose of the missile with a canard steering assembly and canard steering vanes. The canard fins are the only fins on the Precision Guidance Kit missile. Since the canard steering wings are fixed and a fixed steering torque is generated depending on the rotary position in space, steering is carried out by controlling the angle of rotation or rate of rotation of the roll-decoupled canard steering device with the help of an electric motor, aerodynamic coefficients and thus influencing the trajectory.

It is known that the projectiles are made to rotate in the longitudinal axis after firing through the grooves or helical grooves (lines) on the weapon barrel (spin stabilized projectiles). The rotation of the projectile poses a major challenge to steering and can defeat many steering techniques.

Publications are listed below which, like the present description, relate to guided missiles which are also spin-stabilized in the last flight phase of the missile.

The U.S. 7,963,442 B2 describes a missile that is spin-stabilized. The missile includes a nose with a steering device. Instead of canard steering wings, the steering device has a rotationally adjustable projectile nose with an asymmetry. The oncoming flow of the asymmetrical bullet nose generates a steering force.

The U.S. 6,666,402 shows another guided missile, which is also spin stabilized. The missile includes a nose with a canard steering device with canard steering vanes. The guided missile is a large caliber projectile. A rocket device in the rear is used to increase the range.

Guided projectiles are described below that are not spin-stabilized over the entire flight phase and rather are predominantly arrow-stabilized at least in the last flight phase of the projectile, the guidance phase.

The EP 2 165 152 B1 shows another missile. Until the climax is reached, the projectile flies spin-stabilized with the rear wings folded in. With the help of a rocket engine, the rotational speed is then largely reduced in order to then open the rear wings to stabilize the arrow. The missile includes a nose with a canard steering device with canard steering vanes.

The US 2014/0326824 A1 shows a guided missile which, with the help of a roll-decoupled tail unit, is predominantly arrow-stabilized in the final phase of the flight, the steering phase. The missile includes a nose with a canard steering device and canard steering vanes.

The EP 1309 831 B1 shows another guided missile designed as a large caliber. In addition to a canard steering device with canard steering wings, the guided missile also has a rake ten motor and, in addition to rear wings for arrow stabilization, aircraft-like wing wings to increase the range through a long gliding phase.

From the DE 20 16 05 A a projectile is known which has guide vanes which can be folded out in the same direction and which are folded in the same direction. This gives the bullet spin.

The US4565340A also shows a relatively simple steerable projectile.

DE102008007435B4 describes a spin-stabilized projectile with a rear part, which is rotatably mounted on the rest of the projectile, and which has guide vanes that can be folded out automatically and are folded in the same direction.

From the DE 600 21 822 T2 a spin-stabilized projectile is known. The nose of the bullet is rotatably mounted on the rest of the bullet. The spin-decoupled projectile nose has aerodynamic steering means. A generator (section 0038, 8) is arranged between the spin-decoupled nose of the projectile and the rest of the projectile. The aerodynamic steering means are designed as canard wings. In the present concept, the aerodynamic point of attack is in front. The projectile reacts sensitively to external disturbances. The flight behavior is rather unstable.

Out of U.S.A. 4,565,340 a projectile is known, but it cannot be described as spin-stabilized. Because the planned low rotation speed is only intended to facilitate data exchange with a ground station. For this reason, fold-out fins are placed in the center of the projectile for stabilization. The tail section is rotatably mounted on the rest of the floor. The rear part has aerodynamic steering means. The aerodynamic steering means are designed as steering wings that can be swiveled in a targeted manner in a spatially fixed position. A motor is arranged between the tail section and the rest of the projectile. The motor propels the tail section at exactly the same rotational speed as the rest of the projectile, but in the opposite direction. This achieves a spatially fixed position of the rear part.

The DE 10 2005 035 829 B4 shows a twist-decoupled, rear tailplane for one projectile. The rear tail unit has hinged fins.

The U.S. 6,588,700 B2 relates to the mechanical design of a spin-decoupled rear part of a steerable projectile. The spin-decoupled rear part also has hinged guide vanes.

The invention off DE2833079C1 relates to the field of guided missiles and more particularly to a missile in which gas flows create a system of thrust forces transverse to the longitudinal axis of the missile, the resultant force of which acts on the missile's center of gravity. It is proposed to install roll-stabilized impulse units concentrically to the longitudinal axis, preferably grouped in pairs, lying in at least one steering plane, each of the impulse units consisting of an ignitable gas generator which is connected to ejection lines and each has a closure which can be removed by control signals. The combustion chambers of the Impulsors are loaded with solid rocket propellant equipped with a pyrotechnic igniter. The ejection lines have a shutter which can be overridden by electrical control. The rocket fuel used, of the type known by the name "Epict' te dop", placed in a 130 mm caliber impulsor, the length of which is approximately 100 mm, is obtained with a rocket fuel mass of 450 g and a combustion pressure of about 100 bar an average thrust of 610 N for 1.5 seconds.

There are a few other publications describing similar devices.

There are other methods of designing steerable projectiles. However, some of them are not very effective. Too many fault-prone elements are installed there. Many of the projectiles receive their control commands via radio, which requires a radio transmitter and receiver. Unfortunately, these radio transmissions can be jammed by the enemy. There are numerous radio jamming devices (jammers or jammers) that can be used in war (e.g. special intensive broadband EM emitters, or also MASER devices).

Missiles are often guided by laser beam marking, but this is almost impossible with small projectiles. Some anti-tank missiles are even guided by wire ropes or very thin power lines.

The invention specified in claims 1 to 83 is based on the object of creating a trouble-free guidance system for precision-guided ammunition that is able to reliably and, above all, very quickly direct the trajectory of an ammunition, preferably a projectile from the weapon to control or change and thus make the projectile steerable, regardless of whether the projectile has spin or not.

This problem is solved with the features listed in claims 1-83.

• - das Projektil oder die Rakete kann jederzeit manuell oder automatisch von der Waffe aus gesteuert werden,
• - die Lenksteuerung für die Präzisionsgelenkte Munition funktioniert sehr gut sowohl bei Drall-Stabilisierte Geschosse als auch für Geschosse ohne Drall,
• - das System ist schnell ansprechbar und dadurch optimal wirkungsvoll,
• - das System ist robust und kaum anfällig für Störungen,
• - es kann nicht durch Störsender beeinflusst werden,
• - ist sowohl für Raketen, große Geschosse, als auch für kleinkalibrige Projektile geeignet.

Advantages of the invention are:

• - the projectile or rocket can be controlled manually or automatically from the weapon at any time,
• - the guidance control for the Precision Guided Ammunition works very well for both spin-stabilized shells and shells without spin,
• - the system is quickly responsive and therefore optimally effective,
• - the system is robust and hardly prone to malfunctions,
• - it cannot be influenced by jammers,
• - is suitable for rockets, large projectiles, as well as for small-caliber projectiles.

Since the system does not use radio waves or radio waves to transmit commands between the weapon and the projectile/missile, radio wave jammers or so-called jammers are completely ineffective.

Embodiments of the invention are based on the 1 until 41 explained.

• 1 die ringförmige Lichtfenster, die eine konzentrische Anordnung aufweisen, um das Projektil steuern zu können,
• 2 die Bimetall-Aktuatoren,
• 3 die konzentrisch angeordneten Ringen am Heck des Projektils,
• 4 die kreisförmigen Lichtfenster außerhalb des Mittelpunkts des Projektil-Hecks,
• 5 eine Steuerung eines Projektils mit verzweigten Laserstrahlen,
• 6 eine Variante, bei der das Projektil automatisch zum Ziel gelenkt wird, indem ein Laserstrahl, als Kontrollstrahl zum Projektil abgegeben wird, der dann von einem kleinem Reflektor am Heck des Projektils zurückreflektiert wird,
• 7 einen Projektil mit einem drehbaren Kern, der sich sehr schnell dreht,
• 8 eine ähnliche Variante, nur umgekehrt konzipiert (mit einem nicht drehbarer Kern, aber drehbaren Projektil)
• 9 einen Projektil mit Polarisations-Filtern versehenen Fenster,
• 10 die kreisförmigen Lichtfenster, die jeweils mit einem Ring aus einem Reflektor oder Spiegel ausgestattet sind,
• 11 einen Projektil mit einem optischen Erkennungs-System, dass die Drehposition des Projektils in Echtzeit genau ermitteln kann,
• 12 einen Projektil mit einer aufladbaren Energie-Quelle, die über Solarzellen und einem LED im Waffenlauf geladen wird,
• 13 eine Auflade-Vorrichtung mit Hilfe der Induktions-Methode,
• 14 eine andere Auflad-Vorrichtung, die über direkten Kontakt (durch Elektroden) funktioniert,
• 15 eine Waffe mit schnellen Bildsensor und einem Linsen- oder Spiegel-System, das das Projektil in Visier nimmt,
• 16 das Erfassungs-System, dass den Moment des Abfeuerns des Projektils mittels einfacher Sensor-Systeme am Waffenlauf oder an der Waffe selbst registriert,
• 17 eine automatische Zielansteuerung durch die Bildsensor-Informationen,
• 18 eine Ausführung bei nichtdrehenden Geschossen,
• 19 einen Geschoss mit einem Rotations-Kern, der ummantelt sich im Inneren des Geschosses befindet und technisch gelagert ist,
• 20 ein Geschoss, dessen Außenhaut durch Laserstrahlen von innen aus gesteuert, verformt werden kann,
• 21 ein Geschoss / Projektil, das mit mehreren Fenstern ausgestattet ist, die das Eindringen von Laserstrahlen erlauben, sowie Schubkraft-Düsen, die die Flugrichtung des Projektils ändern können,
• 22 ein Projektil mit einem oder mehreren optischen Fenstern sowie eine oder mehrere Schubdüsen die in den Körper des Projektils eingebaut worden sind,
• 23 einen Projektil, wobei die Lichtfenster in Form von konzentrischen Kreisen am Heck des Projektils, farbcodiert eingebaut sind,
• 24 eine Variante, wobei am Heck des Projektils ein kleiner Reflektor in Form eines Kegels mit der Spitze nach hinten eingebaut ist, der die Laserstrahlen, die von Hinten das Projektil am Heck treffen seitlich an einem Ummantelung reflektiert,
• 25 ist eine ähnliche Variante wie die vorherige, lediglich hier ist anstatt eines Kegels, eine kleine Pyramide oder Pyramiden-Stumpf als Reflektor eingebaut ist,
• 26 einen Projektil mit Cargo-Funktion,
• 27 eine weitere Variante, die während des Abfeuerns und des Flugs des Projektils, den in eine Kardanaufhängung eingebauten Laserstrahler selbst so lenkt, dass dessen Laserstrahl stets das Projektil trifft,
• 28 den Einbau des Laserstrahlers in einem Kugel-Gelenk, der durch Elektromagneten bewegt wird,
• 29 die Fixierung des Laserstrahlers, wobei ein Ende mit einem flexiblen Verbindung gekoppelt ist und das andere Ende (der Laserstrahl-Austritts-Ende) mit zwei Aktuatoren (Aktoren) gekoppelt wird,
• 30 ein System, bei dem einen Mittelpunkt-Reflektor am Heck des Projektils oder der Rakete als Orientierungspunkt für das Waffen-System dient und die Lichtfenster in Form von Kreisen, oder Kreissektoren gestaltet sind,
• 31 eine Variante, die genauso gut sowohl bei drallstabilisierten Geschosse, als auch bei Geschosse oder Raketen, die sich nicht um die eigene Längsachse drehen, funktioniert,
• 32 einen Projektil, das zusätzlich mit einer Blende-Funktion ausgestattet ist, die über Lichtleiter funktioniert,
• 33 ebenso einen Projektil, das zusätzlich mit einer Blende-Funktion ausgestattet ist, bei dem ein kleiner Spiegel, der wie ein kleiner Kegel oder Pyramide geformt ist, am Heck des Projektils eingebaut ist,
• 34 das Projektil oder die Rakete mit Lichtkonvertern,
• 35 eine Variante mit einen Röntgen-Laser oder Röntgen-Strahlen, die gebündelt auf das Projektil treffen,
• 36 ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei der in dem Projektil eine kleine, stabile Kammer eingebaut ist, in der die gepressten Gasse des Treibmittels (Treibladung) solange das Projektil noch im Waffenlauf sich befindet, eindringen können,
• 37 einen Projektil mit eine Kammer, in der eine kleine Menge an Schießpulver, Treibmittel, Treibladung oder Raketen-Treibstoff eingebaut ist,
• 38 eine Variante, bei der in das Projektil oder in die Rakete ein Behälter eingebaut ist, der durch Laserstrahlen und dadurch erhaltenen Steuerbefehle geöffnet werden kann und die Inhalt in eine erwünschte Distanz abgeben kann (Cargo Projektil oder Cargo Rakete),
• 39 eine stark vereinfachte Variante mit Düsen und Elektroventile,
• 40 eine Ausstattung der Lichtfenster am Heck des Projektils mit kleinen Blenden, die vorwiegend Licht, das leicht schräg seitlich ankommt, durchlassen,
• 41 eine Schuppenartige-Struktur an der Oberfläche der Munition.

Show it:

• 1 the ring-shaped light windows, which have a concentric arrangement in order to be able to steer the projectile,
• 2 the bimetal actuators,
• 3 the concentrically arranged rings at the tail of the projectile,
• 4 the circular light windows off-center of the projectile tail,
• 5 a control of a projectile with branched laser beams,
• 6 a variant in which the projectile is automatically guided to the target by firing a laser beam at the projectile as a control beam, which is then reflected back by a small reflector at the rear of the projectile,
• 7 a projectile with a rotating core that spins very quickly,
• 8th a similar variant, only designed in reverse (with a non-spinning core but spinning projectile)
• 9 a projectile window fitted with polarization filters,
• 10 the circular light windows, each equipped with a ring of a reflector or mirror,
• 11 a projectile with an optical detection system that can accurately determine the rotational position of the projectile in real time,
• 12 a projectile with a rechargeable energy source that is charged via solar cells and an LED in the gun barrel,
• 13 a charging device using the induction method,
• 14 another charging device that works by direct contact (through electrodes),
• 15 a weapon with a fast imaging sensor and a lens or mirror system that targets the projectile,
• 16 the detection system that registers the moment the projectile is fired using simple sensor systems on the gun barrel or on the gun itself,
• 17 an automatic target control by the image sensor information,
• 18 a version for non-rotating projectiles,
• 19 a bullet with a core of rotation, which is encased inside the bullet and is technically stored,
• 20 a projectile whose outer skin can be controlled and deformed by laser beams from the inside,
• 21 a shell/projectile equipped with multiple windows that allow laser beams to penetrate, as well as thrust nozzles that can change the direction of the projectile's flight,
• 22 a projectile with one or more optical windows and one or more exhaust nozzles built into the body of the projectile,
• 23 a projectile with light windows in the form of concentric circles built into the rear of the projectile, color coded,
• 24 a variant in which a small reflector in the form of a cone with the tip backwards is installed at the rear of the projectile, which reflects the laser beams that hit the projectile at the rear from behind on a casing on the side,
• 25 is a similar variant as the previous one, only here instead of a cone, a small pyramid or a truncated pyramid is installed as a reflector,
• 26 a projectile with cargo function,
• 27 Another variant that steers the laser emitter built into a gimbal during firing and flight of the projectile in such a way that its laser beam always hits the projectile,
• 28 the installation of the laser emitter in a ball joint that is moved by electromagnets,
• 29 the fixation of the laser emitter, with one end coupled with a flexible joint and the other end (the laser beam exit end) coupled with two actuators (actuators),
• 30 a system in which a center reflector at the rear of the projectile or missile serves as a landmark for the weapon system and the light windows are designed in the form of circles or sectors of a circle,
• 31 a variant that works just as well with spin-stabilized projectiles as with projectiles or rockets that do not rotate around their own longitudinal axis,
• 32 a projectile that is additionally equipped with an aperture function that works via light guides,
• 33 also a projectile additionally equipped with a shutter function in which a small mirror shaped like a small cone or pyramid is built into the rear of the projectile,
• 34 the projectile or rocket with light converters,
• 35 a variant with an X-ray laser or X-rays that hit the projectile in a bundle,
• 36 an embodiment in which a small, stable chamber is installed in the projectile, in which the compressed gas of the propellant (propellant charge) can penetrate as long as the projectile is still in the gun barrel,
• 37 a projectile with a chamber containing a small amount of gunpowder, propellant, propellant or rocket fuel,
• 38 a variant in which a container is built into the projectile or rocket, which can be opened by laser beams and the control commands received and the contents can be released at a desired distance (cargo projectile or cargo rocket),
• 39 a highly simplified variant with nozzles and electrovalves,
• 40 equipping the light window at the rear of the projectile with small screens that mainly let through light that arrives at a slight angle from the side,
• 41 a scale-like structure on the surface of the ammunition.

The projectile is not steered to a target by wire rope or by laser marking, but it is guided from the weapon by laser beams, with laser beams being the steering.

The Precision Guided Munitions described here are guided directly by laser beams. Not only the steering function, but also the ignition timing of an explosive device in the projectile or rocket is controlled very precisely (remotely). The advantage over conventional laser-guided ammunition is that even very small projectiles can be controlled with it.

Compared to "normal" light, the light from a laser has some special properties. The light from a conventional laser is monochromatic, i.e. the light from the laser contains only one color of light and the photons in a laser beam oscillate with the same frequency (coherence). The laser beam is linearly polarized. The electric field vector oscillates in a fixed plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation, with the magnetic field vector oriented perpendicular to it. A laser beam from a high-quality laser emitter is characterized by extremely low divergence. A laser beam from a high-quality laser emitter, which is only a few millimeters in diameter, will only have a diameter of a few meters after one second or at a distance of 300,000 km. In general, the laser beam can be bundled very well, so high power densities can be achieved in the focus. The photons in a laser beam are in phase with each other. A laser emitter can deliver very high power. In the meantime, laser emitters are available in continuous operation, which deliver power in the order of magnitude of several 100kW. In impulse operation, powers in the range of 100GW are even achieved (usually used for scientific purposes in nuclear fusion technology). With new techniques, extremely short pulses can be generated that last only about 10 femtoseconds.

In the invention here, in order to be able to control the projectile 1, laser beams are used which are emitted by a laser emitter (eg a laser diode) which is installed in the weapon and hit the projectile from behind. For this purpose, there are ring-shaped light windows 3 at the rear of the projectile / projectile, which have a concentric arrangement (in other versions also in other arrangement installed), installed ( 1 ). The light windows consist of a transparent material (e.g. glass, plastic, Plexiglas, etc.). These windows 3 are color-coded or have color filters/light filters or laser filters (laser protection filters) 4 and only allow certain light colors or laser beam colors through. This means that these light filters only let through laser beams of a specific wavelength. For example, a light filter that only lets through red laser beams becomes an obstacle for green laser beams (eg with a wavelength of 532nm). So if you aim at it with both laser beams, only the red laser beams penetrate. At least one powerful laser emitter 6 is installed on the weapon 5 itself. However, it is better to install several laser emitters that emit different laser beam colors because they can be used to control several functions, or one laser emitter that can generate several laser beams in different light colors. The laser beam 7 strikes the projectile (missile) from behind and penetrates through the light window. Because the light windows are ring-shaped and built in different colors, the laser beams that have the same light color as the window or can penetrate the corresponding light filter will penetrate the window more optimally, while in other windows only very little or hardly any laser beams can penetrate . For example, if a light window is fitted with a light filter that only lets red light through, then predominantly red laser beams penetrate the window, even if other colors of laser light are incident on it. When a blue laser beam hits the window, most of it is blocked. However, the blue laser beam can penetrate through another window whose light filter lets blue light through. This ensures that different light windows on the projectile can be addressed by specific laser beam colors and thus different functions on the projectile can be remotely controlled. You don't have to target a specific window with laser beams, but hit the projectile from behind over a large area. However, only the specific light window will be permeable for the corresponding laser beam. The filter method ensures that a laser beam with a specific color can only penetrate the associated light window and no other, so it only solves a specific function on the projectile. This property opens up numerous possibilities for remote control of the projectile and some built-in functions. If you use five different laser beams, each with a different light color, then you have the option of transmitting five different commands or controlling functions on the projectile. The laser beam is transmitted from each window to a control system through optical fibers inside the projectile. There, the laser energy is used, for example, to ignite small amounts of fuel, or to activate actuators (actuators) 8 that cause a change in the projectile or set a function in motion. The actuators or a controller can also be installed directly behind the window, which in this case makes a light guide 9 superfluous. However, if the actuators are a little further away from the rear, then the light would have to be passed on to there or to a control 10 or a chamber 11 by light guides. Small steering wings 12 on the projectile can be folded out by actuators, or they can turn it in a specific direction. An energy source can be built into the ammunition. An energy source 13 on the projectile would be advantageous but is not essential, at least in some of the simpler variants described here. Even so, the laser beams can themselves be regarded as an energy source if they arrive with enough energy and deliver a correspondingly high laser energy. For example, you can quickly activate light actuators, crystal elements, micro-bimetallic actuators and other known actuators (actuators) and perform a function within milliseconds. In this case, micro-bimetal actuators are bimetal elements that bend under the influence of heat. Because they are very small, the response time is extremely short. They are built from layers of metal that can be heated and cooled extremely quickly. They work just like all other bimetallic actuators, only the response time is extremely short here because they are very small and have relatively large heat-sensitive surfaces (attack surfaces), which are located in very thin bimetallic strips ( 2 ).

The windows on the projectile can be shaped in any way you like. In some variants, the shape of concentrically arranged rings 14 at the tail of the projectile is optimal ( 3 ), while others better have the circular light windows 15 off the center 15 of the projectile tail ( 4 ). The different windows on the projectile let through different colors of the laser beam. With this, part of the laser energy of the laser beam will penetrate into the interior of the projectile and activate a fast actuator there at a precise point in time. Numerous elements that have been used in practice for a long time come into consideration as actuators. Such are, for example, semiconductor elements, actuators in the form of active liquid elements, capacitor plates / surfaces, crystals, light actuators, piezoelectric crystals, special plastics that are also used in robotics as drive elements, or fast-acting alloys or bimetallic elements suitable.

A missile / projectile is controlled in this way: Before it is fired, a laser beam (an IR laser beam is ideal) 7 is projected from the Weapon 5 out, take aim 16. In simpler variants, light deflection elements 17 are installed, which branch off the laser beam into two laser beams. One branch 18 aims at the target, the second branch hits the projectile from behind. For slightly heavier weapons, separate laser emitters can be fitted, with one aiming at the target while the other lasing at the projectile. The projectile is fired. A branch of the laser beam always hits the rear of the projectile (here it is called the main beam 7). This laser beam hits a sensor 19 of a control 20 on the projectile, which blocks all functions on the projectile. Even if the projectile is hit with laser beams in different light colors, which are supposed to control different functions, none of the functions will be activated. If the target does not move and the projectile does not deviate from the course, no corrective action is necessary. However, if the projectile strays off course (eg due to crosswinds), then it will no longer be hit by the main beam (the branched laser beam) because this beam is coupled with the beam direction of the target sighting. As soon as the projectile is no longer hit by the main beam 21, all steering functions can be controlled and are just waiting to be activated by the corresponding laser beams ( 5 ).

Another variant ( 6 ) automatically steers the projectile towards the target by emitting a laser beam as a control beam 22 to the projectile, which is then reflected back by a small reflector 23 on the rear 2 of the projectile 1. The reflected laser beam 24 appears as a small point of light 25 which makes the projectile trajectory visible to an optical detection system 26 of the weapon. Because a laser beam (aiming beacon) 27 is also emitted onto the target object as a sighting, the weapon's monitoring system can always compare the spot beam (light spot) 25 from the projectile with the spot beam 28 from the aimed target object. If a deviation is determined, or if the point of light of the projectile moves away from the point of light of the object being aimed at, an automatic course correction is made to the projectile. Depending on the direction in which the deviation occurs, the corresponding course correction is made and counteracting initiated until the two points are on top of each other or are positioned in the same way. The reflector from the ammunition is always identified as such because the reflected laser beam from the mirror is more intense and has a different color than the laser beam from the aimed object. The course correction is carried out by color-coded laser beams and their selective penetration into the light windows on the projectile, as well as activation of the corresponding actuators for the guide vanes or thrust nozzles 29 on the projectile. This ensures that the projectile actually hits the target. This variant is ideal for smaller projectiles (smaller firearms or sniper rifles). In small projectiles you cannot add many additional elements that can effect course corrections, because then the physical properties of the projectile (hardness, mass, density, etc.) are changed in such a way that the projectile can no longer reliably do its job.

The systems described so far work perfectly with ammunition that is fired without twist.

In the case of projectiles spinning rapidly around their own longitudinal axis (spin-stabilized projectiles), things are a bit more complicated.

• - der Einbau eines entkoppelten, schnell drehenden, gelagerten Kerns in dem Projektil, wobei das Projektil selbst sich nicht dreht,
• - der Einbau eines entkoppelten, nicht drehenden, gelagerten Kerns in dem Projektil, wobei das Projektil selbst sich schnell dreht,
• - der Einbau von Lichtfenstern, die nur an eine Dreh-Position während der Drehung, die Laserstrahlen durchlassen,
• - der Einbau einer speziellen Ausstattung an der Waffe selbst, die Überwachungs-, Mess- und Steuervorrichtungen aufweist,
• - eine Ausstattung der Lichtfenster am Heck des Projektils mit kleinen Blenden, die vorwiegend Licht, das leicht schräg seitlich ankommt, durchlassen.

There are also several options for such projectiles:

• - the incorporation of a decoupled, fast-spinning, pivoted core in the projectile, whereby the projectile itself does not spin,
• - the incorporation of a decoupled, non-spinning, pivoted core in the projectile, with the projectile itself spinning rapidly,
• - the installation of light windows, which only allow the laser beams to pass through at one rotational position during the rotation,
• - the installation of special equipment on the weapon itself, which includes monitoring, measuring and control devices,
• - Equipping the light window at the rear of the projectile with small apertures that mainly let through light that arrives at a slight angle from the side.

The first variant works, but is associated with some effort. Here, a rotatable core 30 would have to be installed with almost perfect bearings, which rotates very quickly. The core is completely encapsulated inside the projectile. The projectile itself does not rotate. The projectile nevertheless receives a stabilizing force generated by the rapid rotation of the core in the longitudinal axis ( 7 ). In this case, however, the core would have to rotate even faster around its longitudinal axis in order to compensate for the non-rotating dimensions of the projectile in order to achieve a stable flight attitude. It should be mentioned that the projectile must not complete a single rotation around its longitudinal axis. A single rotation during flight could defeat the steering function. Nevertheless, such a rapidly rotating core could already be successfully tested in a non-rotating body in an attempt. This works better with larger projectiles, such as those with a caliber of 150mm. With this method, the light windows at the rear always remain in the same position and the steering also works perfectly. The nozzles are also always in the same position, so controlling them is relatively easy.

The second variant works in the same way and involves a similar amount of effort. This variant is built similarly to the first, only designed in reverse. Contrary to the first, here a non-rotatable core 31, which is mounted, will be built into the projectile, which will not rotate despite the spin of the projectile. In this case, the projectile would have to rotate even faster around its longitudinal axis in order to compensate for the non-rotating dimensions in order to achieve a stable flight attitude. It should also be mentioned here that the core in the projectile must not complete a single rotation around its longitudinal axis. Again, a single rotation during flight would destroy the steering function. In this method, the tail 31 of the core merges into the tail 2 of the projectile. The light windows at the stern are installed directly on the non-rotating core and because the core does not rotate, the windows always remain in the same position. In this way, the steering control works optimally. The nozzles 29 are also always in the same position, so their control is relatively easy ( 8th ). Again, this method works better with larger projectiles, such as those with a caliber of 150mm.

In both the first and second variants, a projectile can be successfully guided in any direction despite its spin (or rotating core). In this case, polarization filters 32 must also be installed on the light window, at least on the light windows, as a result of which certain steering functions have to be controlled. The polarization filters must be installed in several layers and also distributed in different windows, with the polarization direction of the windows being different. In addition, it can sometimes make sense to control a single function twice, using two windows with different polarization filters and two laser beams that are also polarized differently. This means that a function on the projectile is only activated when two laser beams penetrate through different filters at the same time ( 9 ). The laser emitters that are installed on the weapon can be installed so that they can rotate electrically around their own axis (or at least their optics). In this way, the plane of polarization of the laser emitter can rotate. Through an internal circuit on the projectile, the control is applied in such a way that if only one of the laser beams penetrates, no activation would occur. This ensures that the specific laser beams at the rear of the projectile only trigger an event when the projectile has reached a specific position during rotation. For other functions that are activated by laser beams, no polarization filters need to be installed. For example, if a detonation of an explosive device should be initiated inside the projectile at a certain point in time, then no polarization filters are needed, only a window with a light filter function. For such an ignition, a light window can be built in that, for example, only lets through green laser beams or only IR laser beams. The IR laser beams strike a detonator 33 there or they ignite an explosive/igniter or propellant charge 34 directly. Rocket propellant is also suitable as an explosive. A laser beam energy with several watts of power is always sufficient to ignite an explosive device 34 or rocket fuel mass in a direct hit. The explosive charge inside the projectile is placed in a chamber 35, which is provided with its own window with a light filter at the rear of the projectile, which only lets through a certain color of light or only light of a certain wavelength. As soon as such a laser beam hits there, which has the right wavelength, then the beam penetrates through the window and hits directly on the explosive (propellant) in the chamber. The explosive or a propellant is instantaneously heated at one point by the laser energy and this leads to explosion. Thus, no extra energy source is required for it (at least not necessarily). The more powerful the laser emitter on the weapon that hits the rear of the projectile, the faster the projectile's reactions will be. The light filters on the window ensure that no malfunctions occur due to the simultaneous irradiation of the projectile with different colors of laser light, or due to ambient light. The tail of the projectile can also be equipped with a tubular structure 36, which acts as a kind of screen against light rays coming from directions other than the direction of the longitudinal axis of the projectile. This tube structure can consist of small tubes 37 which are arranged with their openings 38 in the longitudinal axis 39 of the projectile. At least the inner walls 40 of the tubes should be made of a light-absorbing material. If a ray of light arrives in the longitudinal axis of the projectile, it will pass unhindered through the aperture. Rays of light that reach the projectile at an angle from behind or even from the side can no longer pass through the screen and are absorbed. Because the laser beams only work optimally when they hit the projectile in its longitudinal axis from behind, the enemy cannot prematurely activate any functions on the projectile from the front or side. Even if several shooters are to stand close to each other and fire projectiles from several weapons at the same time, each shooter would only be able to control his fired projectile, because this is also due to the aperture on the projectile It is hardly possible to let laser beams penetrate the windows of the projectile at an angle from the side.

The installation of polarization filter 32 can be decisive for a steering function. For example, if the bullet rotates around its longitudinal axis at 6000 rpm, this means that the bullet rotates 100 times per second. If you paint a dot 41 on the side of the projectile, that dot will come up at the same spot every 1/100 of a second. If a laser beam hits a window provided with polarization filters, the laser beam only penetrates if this point is at a certain point and only very briefly a hundred times per second ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). Exactly at this point in time the laser beam will activate a rapidly responding actuator, eg an electrovalve 42 (eg built from piezo elements), which remains activated only as long as the laser beam hits the sensor 19 of its controller 20 . Imagining the rear (tail) face of the projectile as a clockwise field, e.g. a red laser beam will penetrate during the projectile's rotation between 8 and 10 o'clock, hitting a sensor or actuator coupled to the valve control and at the time the affected electrovalve also open. Parallel to the red laser beam, a blue laser beam can also be emitted, for example, which also hits all windows, but can only penetrate into the one with the light filter, which only lets blue light through, and activate a control there that starts a gas generator 43, or a small amount of propellant or propellant ignites. In this way, a high pressure of the gases of the propellant (propellant charge) is built up inside the projectile, which is then released to the outside in a controlled manner by electrovalves 42 and fine nozzles 29 on the projectile. Piezo valves are ideal for this because they are extremely fast. If the projectile is to be deflected to the left, the electrovalve is only opened when its nozzle has reached the 2 to 4 o'clock position.

A single nozzle and valve is actually enough to perform the steering function on a spin-stabilized projectile. But you can also install several piezo valves and nozzles around the bullet in a perimeter. In this case, such an activation of the control nozzles can be achieved through light windows and polarization filters, whereby every time one of the nozzles has reached a certain position (in our case between 2 and 4 p.m.), it is activated. In combination with light diodes 44 that have existed for a few years, the control is perfect. A light-emitting diode (this does not mean the photodiodes or light-emitting diodes, i.e. not the LEDs) is a special diode that only lets light through in one direction (analogous to a diode for the electrical circuit, which only lets the current flow in one direction direction passes). Garnet, a material that is transparent and magnetic at the same time, is used for such light diodes. It lets light through differently in one direction than in the other. Depending on the direction, it has a different refractive index, making it ideal for such components.

Today there are also optical transistors that can be optimally used in the invention. The principle is already known. From the state of the art it can be seen that, for example, dithienylcyclopentene (DCP) can be used as switch molecules for controlling the light flow in a light guide (https://idw-online.de/de/news445154). In the center of this symmetrically structured molecule is a carbon ring. If this ring is closed, it opens as soon as it is hit by a beam of ultraviolet light (220 - 310 nm). If the ring is open, it closes as soon as it is exposed to a visible colored beam of light (490 - 650 nm). Thus, depending on the wavelength of the light beam, the DCP can switch back and forth between the two structures. Two organic molecules belonging to the group of perylene bisimides (PBI) are attached to opposite sides of the DCP. PBI molecules are known for their ability to glow, or fluoresce, strongly. A PBI molecule attached like an arm to a DCP molecule glows at different levels depending on whether the ring in that switch molecule is open or closed. When it is closed, the DCP is at a relatively low energy level. As a result, the PBI transfers most of its absorbed light energy to the DCP. The DCP emits the light energy to the outside without any fluorescence effects. The PBI itself only glows weakly in this case. However, if the ring in the DCP is open, the opposite is true. Then the DCP is at such a high energy level that the PBI cannot transmit light energy to the DCP. Instead, it transmits the absorbed light energy to the outside without restriction. The PBI shines brightly (https://idw-online.de/de/news445154).

For optimal control without interference, the laser emitter should of course also emit a polarized laser beam in this case, which is usually the case with lasers. Laser beams are mostly linearly polarized. Unfortunately, many types of laser diodes do not produce accurate or “clean” laser light, which is often no longer polarized, or at least not for the most part. In this case, a polarization filter 46 could be installed directly on the laser emitter at the laser beam output. The direction of polarization would have to be aligned with the polarization filter on the projectile so that, in the right position and at the right time, a function on the projectile can be activated by the laser beam energy.

Although the projectile is rotating about its own longitudinal axis, the electrovalve 42 on the projectile is only opened when it has reached this rotating position. Thus, a thrust is exerted on the projectile, which, for example, pushes it to the left and thus changes its trajectory. This is a pretty good way to steer projectiles. Installing multiple polarizing filters and using dual laser beam confirmation can prevent double firing of a nozzle as would be the case with a single polarizing filter, for example. With a single polarizing filter, the nozzle would be activated twice per revolution, e.g. once in the 8-10 o'clock position and again in the opposite position, i.e. in the 2-4 o'clock position, which would in no way lead to the projectile being guided, but rather to a vibration back and forth, which would be counterproductive. The problem can also be solved with a single polarization filter, but in this case a semiconductor control 47 would have to be built into the projectile, which changes its state with each laser beam hit. With the first hit (in our example in the position 8-10 o'clock), the control switches to ACTIVE, with the next hit (position 2-4 o'clock) to INACTIVE. In the ACTIVE state, the nozzle is opened as long as the laser beam penetrates through the polarization window. After that, the nozzle turns off. On the next hit in the 2-4 o'clock position, the nozzle will not open. However, this laser beam hit changes the state of the semiconductor control to ACTIVE for the next hit. When the next laser beam hits the position 8-10 o'clock, the nozzle is opened again. These control states can be implemented relatively easily with today's semiconductor circuits. A simple implementation proposes the use of photodiodes and small capacitors coupled to a solid state signal amplifier. If a photodiode is hit, it connects the capacitor in such a way that it is discharged. During discharge, a circuit is closed by the amplifier, which controls an electrovalve for the nozzle. The next time the laser beam hits the photodiode, the capacitor is switched so that it is charged. This is a very simple circuit that anyone in the electronics field can do. Of course, in series production, integrated circuits are used that can do much more and can also control several states in parallel very precisely (through multi-bit circuits, such as 8 or 16-bit circuits).

A similar effect can also be achieved by controlling the laser beam on the weapon. In that case, the light windows would have to be installed on the projectile outside of the pivot point (center point on the projectile rear) 15 e.g. in the form of small circles 48 (circular light windows) and each equipped with a ring 50 made of a reflector or mirror ( 11 ). The center 15 at the tail of the projectile (also called the pivot point) could also be fitted with a small mirror 49. The mirrors 50 of the respective windows 48 and in the fulcrum should have different colors or be provided with light filter discs that only let through a specific color of light. An optical system is then to be installed on the weapon, which has a zoom function, which always has the rear of the projectile in its sights. The light-coded reflections are recorded using the center point, which is recorded as a reference point, and using the respective ring mirrors 50 on the windows of the projectile, and the position of the light windows on the projectile is thus determined in real time. If, for example, the reference point in the middle of the projectile tail were marked with the red mirror and at one point in time the green ring mirror was to the left of the red mirror, then this would be recognized as such by the optical system. The projectile continues to rotate and after 10mS the green mirror comes back to the same position (for spin stabilized projectiles with 6000rpm). At half time, i.e. after 5mS, the green mirror is in the opposite position, i.e. diametrically opposite. In this case, the green mirror is on the right and the red one is on the left. The optical system recognizes this and depending on how the projectile should be steered, the laser beam is emitted only as long as the green mirror is to the left of the red mirror, or if steered in the other direction, only as long as the green mirror is to the right . Depending on whether the green mirror is to the left or right of the red reference mirror, the optical system recognizes whether the laser emitter needs to be switched on or off. In this case, the laser emitter 6, which controls the functions on the projectile, will not emit a continuous laser beam, but only emit short laser pulses that are emitted depending on the rotational position of the projectile ( 11 ). Monitoring the rotational position of the projectile in real time is not a great technical challenge with today's means, because there are already optical systems and image sensors on the market for everyday use that can be responded to very quickly. For the image sensors, due to the optical zoom function, the tail of the projectile is represented as a rotating circle with dots in the periphery. In real time, it can be determined exactly which point is where at the given point in time.

Unfortunately, in some of the variants of the invention, an energy source 13 must also be integrated into the projectile. Small rechargeable cells, or simple battery cells would be optimal. Because a rechargeable battery, or battery cell, cannot deliver much power in an extremely short time, it is suggested to switch a capacitor in parallel ten. It is charged by the battery (accumulator) and can deliver considerable power in a very short time. In addition or as an alternative to the battery (accumulator), a small solar cell 51 can be integrated into the projectile, which can be coupled to a small electrical capacitor 52 . In that case, the projectile would have to be irradiated with a light source 53 (for example a powerful laser diode) in the weapon immediately before it is fired, so that the capacitor can be charged. In the gun barrel or in the gun's projectile magazine, a small LED 54 (or a laser diode), which supplies an intense light, can directly charge the capacitors in the projectiles with electricity via solar cells ( 12 ). Of course, the projectile cartridge 55 would then also have to be equipped with light guides 56, which transport the light to the projectile, or the projectile would also have to have light windows on the side for the energy supply. Technically, capacitor charging can also be achieved after firing, but you would then have to do it with a laser beam, by irradiating the projectile at the tail for a few milliseconds. The solar cell would also have to be able to respond quickly. But there are also numerous other methods to charge a capacitor in a projectile with electricity without contact. Induction methods could be used just as well. In that case, a small electromagnetic coil 57 would have to be installed on the projectile, which would be coupled to the capacitors 52 via an electronic current regulator 58 . Immediately before firing, as long as the projectile or the cartridge is still in the weapon magazine 59, its capacitor would be charged by electromagnetic waves using induction methods ( 13 ).

It would also suffice if some permanent magnets 60 were installed along the gun barrel 61, which would then induce a current in the coil 57 of the projectile 1 as it is being fired and coming close. In terms of time, this would be very short, but the resulting, or induced, electrical energy would be quite strong because the speed at which the projectile moves past permanent magnet 60 is extremely high. Another way to charge the projectile would be to simply build two small electrodes 62 into the projectile, which are designed as two small insulated dots on the side of the projectile, which are sunken a little deeper so that they do not touch the gun barrel. Two extendable or small spring-loaded charging electrodes 63 in the weapon magazine 59 or weapon barrel 61 could touch the projectile's electrodes 62, thereby completing an electrical circuit, and charge the projectile's energy store by direct contact ( 14 ).

But the most important thing is that even a powerful explosive device 64 inside the projectile can be ignited using the laser beam method. For example, if projectile 1 approaches a tank, the laser beams hitting it from behind can control a very precise ignition timing. For example, if detonation of the explosive charge on the projectile 15 inches prior to impact with armor of a vehicle type is desired, then this can be very precisely controlled by a laser range finder 65 on the weapon and the laser beam controller 66 on the projectile rear window. With another armored vehicle, an ignition at a distance of 54 cm might be optimal, which could easily be adjusted with this weapon. Automatic ignition, depending on the type of vehicle to be destroyed, can be initiated by a micro-controller unit, image sensor and a database. One would only have to target the vehicle and the weapon would automatically recognize it and initiate a firing timing at an optimal projectile distance on approach.

It can also be used to destroy unarmored vehicles, which would usually fail with conventional projectiles due to the "soft" body of unarmored vehicles. On the other hand, an optimal ignition point can optimize the penetrating power of the explosive device in armored vehicles.

For the steering function of the projectile, instead of electrovalves (piezo valves) and control nozzles on the projectile, small mini-wings / steering or guiding wings 12 can also be installed in the circumference of the projectile, which are only opened briefly when a course correction necessary is. These wings can also be installed in the form of control flaps 66. The movement of the control flaps can be caused by electromagnets 67 or piezoelectric elements 68 . Here, too, the control flaps are only moved when they have reached a specific position during rotation, which is necessary to achieve the desired steering direction. It should be mentioned that the polarization windows have to be equipped with several polarizer layers, otherwise control is not possible. The nozzles are erroneously actuated or switched on twice diametrically per revolution. For example, whenever one of the nozzles is activated at the 8-10 o'clock position, the same nozzle will also be activated diametrically at the 2-4 o'clock position due to the transmission properties of the polarizing filter, which defeats the guidance of the projectile. The projectile is no longer steered as a result, but instead is set in unwanted vibrations. To prevent this, several polarization layers are used, which solve the problem. Thus, the nozzle only turns once per revolution activated. Because the laser energy is then significantly absorbed by filters and only a very small portion of it reaches the nozzle controls, this may require an internal energy source on the projectile.

However, the problem can also be solved in other ways. The 15 presents an elegant solution to this problem. Here, a fast image sensor 69 and a lens or mirror system 70, acting like binoculars or a telescope, take aim at the projectile and project a visual representation of it onto the image sensor. The image sensor and lens/mirror system are built into the weapon. Because with the polarization filter method the laser beam can penetrate twice during a rotation, eg between 8 and 10 o'clock and again perpendicular to the area, ie in the area between 2 and 4 o'clock, in the variant from the 14 one or a few very small light reflectors 71 in the form of small dots at the projectile tail helpful for the detection of the rotational movement of the projectile in real time and a laser control to be optimally configured. Small mirror surfaces that reflect the laser beam back to the laser source allow a control unit on the weapon to very precisely determine the position of the steering elements while the projectile is rotating. The control unit can therefore quickly interrupt the laser beam when an element on the projectile causing the guidance reaches, for example, the diametrical position opposite the desired position. It is enough to install two such mirror points at the rear of the projectile. One in the periphery for detecting the rotational position of the projectile and one in the middle of the tail surface, which can be attached as a reference point and also as a tracer function, are sufficient for trouble-free control of the projectile. Centered around the spot reflector 72, the other rotates around as the projectile rotates about its longitudinal axis. The points or the small mirrors can have different colors, thus color-coded. This would mean that the intensity of the laser beam reflected back onto the weapon or on the image sensor of the weapon would differ from point to point. A control unit 73 can use the information from the image sensor, the position of the peripheral reflector and the reference point in the center to quickly identify the rotational position of the projectile. However, the small mirror dots must always mark the same places for each projectile, for example where the thrust nozzles or guide vanes are located. These small mirror dots can supplement the polarization filters or make them completely superfluous for fast control of the laser emitters. Based on the points or the laser beams that are reflected back, the control unit uses a lens system and an image sensor to quickly determine in real time where the nozzle is located and can switch it on through the light window at the rear of the projectile using the corresponding laser light color. If, for example, the middle mirror point (a small round mirror attached to the rear of the projectile in the middle) is provided with a red light filter as a reference point, the reflected laser beam is recorded as such by the image sensor on the weapon. The other mirror point (or points) rotating around the red mirror point are used for detecting the rotational position of the projectile (e.g. provided with green light filters here). Although the projectile is rotating at approximately 6000 rpm, a fast image sensor can still provide a good sample (eg 800-5000 samples per second) sufficient to capture the rotation of the projectile in real time. Of course there are image sensors that can also do over a million scans per second, but you don't necessarily need such performance here. A white light generated by a laser with a light converter can be used to record the rotational movements of the projectile and to mark the mirror points. Such laser emitters in combination with a light converter are often used in scientific instruments, measurement technology and even in automotive technology. There, this technique is used as a headlight. A laser emitter that produces a blue laser beam, for example, hits a converter that converts the blue laser beam into white light. The light is easy to focus and can be used to hit the projectile here. A continuous beam can, but does not have to be emitted to mark the projectile with light. It is also sufficient if, for example, short laser impulses are emitted in millisecond cycles, synchronized with the activity of the image sensor in the direction of the projectile. Whenever the image sensor is active and able to receive a beam, the pulse beam is also transmitted. The beams reflected back are then received by the image sensor and routed to an evaluation unit until the next image sensor activation, which occurs one millisecond later. The laser pulses can be so short that they are no longer perceptible to the viewer's eyes. An optical magnification system in front of the image sensor can improve detection enormously, even with small projectiles. A lens system on the weapon, or Domed Mirror system, built similar to a small telescope positioned in front of the image sensor, enlarges the image of the projectile and can more accurately detect the position of the mirror points on the projectile. The optical magnification system can be equipped with a zoom function that works electromagnetically and is very quick to respond. This ensures that the image of the projectile remains as large as possible, even if the projectile moves away from the weapon quickly. The farther the projectile moves away from the weapon, the more the zoom system will magnify its image. The zoom function can be controlled by a timing circuit 74 . The average velocity of the projectile is programmed and used as the basis for the zoom function calculation. For example, with a projectile speed of 1000m/s, the zoom function is twice as strong at 1500m as at 750m. This means the zoom function should be twice as strong after 1.5 seconds as it is after 0.75 seconds after the projectile has been fired. The firing of the projectile can be detected by means of simple sensor systems on the weapon barrel or on the weapon itself. There are now rapidly responding shock sensors, sonic sensors, IR sensors 75 (for detecting the heat of the gun's muzzle flash or the heated air in front of the gun barrel when fired) that can send a real-time signal to an evaluation unit 76 as soon as a projectile is fired becomes ( 16 ). So it doesn't necessarily have to be a switch on the trigger of the gun, because that wouldn't be very accurate either. The sensor acquisition methods are much faster and very accurate. As soon as a launch of a projectile is detected and the corresponding signal is sent to an evaluation unit, a microsecond or millisecond timer starts automatically, providing real-time data on the distance of the projectile. While this method does not provide very accurate information about the distance of the projectile, because no single projectile flies at absolutely the same speed as the other, absolute accuracy is not required for the zoom system here either. In addition, range finders 65, which work with laser beams, can also be installed on the weapon, which then provide very precise information on the distance of the projectile in real time, but these would be useful in weapon systems where the projectile is equipped with an internal explosive device , or very precise guidance of the projectile must be achieved. There are even laser range finders that can scan a fired projectile every few micrometers (technical status 2018, see https://www.elektronik-information.de/optical-distant-measurement-with-record-speed/150/23202/369555 ). For this purpose, 100 million distance values per second were recorded. A sampling rate of 100,000 times per second would be fully sufficient for detonating an explosive device. This would mean that if a projectile flies at 1000m/s, a sample is taken for every centimeter of travel.

The rotational movement of the projectile, which is provided with a spin, is detected by detecting the position of the mirror point located in the periphery of the projectile tail. This mirror dot is intended to mark the nozzle attached to the projectile. So, at the point where this mirror point is, the nozzle is also installed on the side of the projectile. The nozzle should be arranged in such a way that its thrust force should push the projectile off the projectile path at right angles. If you want to steer the projectile to the right, the evaluation unit waits until the green mirror point comes to the left as a result of the projectile turning (seen from the center point - position 8-10 o'clock). Once this is done and the mirror dot reaches the 8 o'clock position (on a clockwise spin), a laser emitter is activated, emitting a laser beam of a laser beam color that allows penetration of a light window on the projectile necessary for igniting a Propellant (propellant) is provided in a projectile chamber inside. At the same time, a laser beam is emitted in a different color of light, which penetrates into a different light window, which also allows this color of light, which causes a valve to open. By opening the valve, the ignited propellant / propellant flows out through a side-mounted nozzle, which brings the projectile more or less to the right of the trajectory. As soon as the nozzle has reached the 10 o'clock position (or e.g. 09:15 o'clock), the valve is closed and the nozzle is inactive. The valve remains closed until the nozzle returns to the 8 o'clock position. Then it will open again and give the projectile another thrust impulse. This is repeated until the projectile is placed in the desired trajectory.

The steering process can be started manually by the shooter or automatically. Manual controls would make sense for somewhat slow-flying projectiles. In addition, these projectiles would need to be visible to the shooter during flight through an optical system, preferably with an automatic zoom function that would progressively enlarge the projectile as it moved away from the weapon, for optimal control. In the case of fast projectiles or large projectiles that are fired from an armored vehicle, for example, automatic aiming at the targeted target is essential. Such projectiles reach very high muzzle velocities (between 1000 and 3000m/s) and cannot be optimally controlled manually because the time from firing to hitting the target is very short.

Automatic targeting can be triggered by the image sensor information on the weapon ( 17 ). A laser beam 77 in the IR range is intended to aim at the target object 16 in a focused form which appears as a point or spot beam. The partially reflected laser beam from the target object is detected by the spot beam on the image sensor 69 as a spot. Likewise the middle one Mirror point 72 on the projectile (in our version irradiated here with a red laser beam) is recorded as a point by the image sensor. An evaluation unit 76 monitors whether the two points of light on the image sensor are approaching, lying one above the other, or moving away from one another, and controls the laser emitters, which are intended to deflect the projectile, in such a way that the two points are approaching and not diverging. In particular, the focus is on correcting the lateral deviations. It should be mentioned that depending on the direction in which the projectile rotates around its longitudinal axis, a slight deviation from the trajectory is also determined by the Magnus effect. The Magnus effect is taken into account for spin-stabilized projectiles by a program that controls the evaluation unit.

On the 18 an embodiment with non-rotating projectiles has been shown. The light guides, which are coupled to the windows, transmit the laser beams to a sensor, which can be a photosensor or a photodiode 78, for example. Photodiodes are very cheap to manufacture and very robust, or insensitive to strong acceleration or shocks. In addition, they have a very short response time (fast photodiodes even in the nanosecond range). For example, if a targeted target suddenly moves and a missile fired at it is already on its way, you would need to course correct the missile just fired in order to successfully hit it. For example, if the target has moved to the left, the missile would have to be deflected in that direction as well. With projectiles that do not rotate around their own longitudinal axis, things are simpler. Such projectiles usually have fins (in the form of small wings at the tail) that stabilize flight and optimize flight characteristics. The small wings 79 should be built movable and controllable. The movement of the wings and their control can be achieved by electrical actuators (actuators), such as piezo elements 80 or electromagnet components. All elements should have short response times because the projectile or bullet is traveling quite quickly (usually at supersonic speed). Once the target has moved to the left, a course correction will be initiated on the missile. In this case, a red laser beam will hit the projectile, penetrating the corresponding window and hitting the sensor or photodiode coupled to the vertical vane control. If the vertical wings rotate slightly to the right, the projectile flies to the left. If the target moves to the right, then a green laser beam, for example, is thrown at the projectile, which can penetrate the window, which is equipped with a light filter that only lets through green light. The missile's vertical fins are then pivoted to the left, allowing the missile to hit the targeted object. The flight altitude of the projectile can also be controlled in this way. For example, a yellow and a turquoise laser beam can control the horizontal vanes. An IR laser beam can timely initiate the detonation of an explosive device in the projectile or missile. While control of the laser beams can be accomplished by manually turning specific lasers on and off, automatic control is recommended. An optical or laser scanner system can detect the position of the targeted object and activate the corresponding laser beams on the weapon for a course correction with every change in position.

The variant from the 19 shows a bullet with a rotation core (rotatable core) 30, which is encased inside the bullet 1 and is technically stored. The core 30 can be constructed similar to the rotor of an electric motor or simply consist of a cylindrically shaped permanent magnet 81 and, unlike some known devices of similar construction, is not driven by the expanding propellant/propellant gases in the launch tube (gun barrel) 61 of the Weapon 5, but brought into rotation by the electromagnet 82 built into the weapon launch tube 61, as long as the projectile is still in the tube at rest. Just before launch, the electromagnets are turned on, causing the core of the projectile to rotate. Rapid rotation is achieved by the electromagnets, which cause the core's magnetic field to rotate. Depending on the current, the projectile can reach its maximum rotation speed in fractions of a second or it can take a few seconds. This variant has many advantages over conventional methods. The turbulence of the air is kept within limits by the new method, also because the outer casing 83 of the projectile no longer has to rotate about its own longitudinal axis 39. The shell of the projectile does not rotate, only the core of the projectile rotates in the longitudinal axis of the projectile, and very quickly. Thus, the Magnus effect, which is responsible for a deviation of the projectile to the right or left (depending on the spin direction of the projectile), is completely missing. In this way, the flight attitude of the projectile is always stable and its longitudinal axis is permanently maintained in the direction of flight. In this case, no wings are required for flight stabilization. The hit rate with this projectile is even higher than with conventional methods. A projectile is known to be fired at a very high velocity. The speed varies depending on which type of cannon is used. It can be fired at several 100m per second up to several kilometers per second. One Other types of weapons that use electricity to accelerate a projectile rather than a propellant can achieve significantly higher projectile velocities. For example, projectiles fired from a railgun can reach speeds of up to 20km/s. Unfortunately, once fired, you cannot change the direction of flight of this projectile. The solutions from the invention could also be used here.

Another variant consists of a projectile whose outer skin 83 can be deformed by laser beams controlled from the inside ( 20 ). There are numerous methods of creating a deformation. Today, electroactive plastics are often used, which can shorten or lengthen when voltage is applied. Placed under a flexible cover, they cause deformation that appears in the form of dents or folds. The deformation only lasts as long as the laser beam hits or activates an actuator inside the projectile. Bimetallic elements 84, electroactive plastics or piezoelectric elements 85 that can be addressed quickly in the projectile can also be used as actuators for such purposes. This method is particularly suitable for projectiles without spin. In such cases, a small wrinkle, or a small mound, bump, or rough surface eg on the left side of the projectile is created, which increases a drag on the side as soon as the corresponding light window is hit with a laser beam. That would turn the projectile to the left. In order to then keep the new flight direction, the projectile would have to be equipped with small guide vanes.

With all of these variants, a small energy source can be installed on the projectile, but it is not absolutely necessary for all variants. The intense, penetrating laser beam can provide the necessary energy - either as heat or as an initial detonator for small, proportioned and separate (insulated) propellant charges inside the projectile.

On the 21 a missile or projectile is shown equipped with multiple windows allowing penetration of laser beams. The projectile also has thrusters built into it that can change the direction of flight or the range of the projectile. The nozzles can be installed in such a way that nozzle control via electric valves is possible. Once launched, in a chamber within the projectile, a gas generator or contents in the form of propellant, primer or fuel could be ignited and hot jets of gas discharged from the projectile, controlled through the nozzles. Small guide vanes would also support steering and increase precision. The wings can be pivoted or hinged.

The variant as in the 22 has one or more optical windows and one or more thrusters built into the body of the projectile. In the core of the projectile is a propellant (can also be rocket propellant or combustible solid) that can be ignited using a laser beam. The optical windows are provided with light filters which are colour-coded, each window 3 being only receptive to certain colors of light. Theoretically, you can also use polarization filters, but in this case the windows should no longer rotate. The color filters are optimal in this case, because they can be used to control several processes. Each window is connected to a light guide 9 that leads to a fuel chamber 11 . In practice, as soon as the projectile is fired and a target movement is detected, where the target's direction of movement was unpredictable, a short pulse of laser beam is emitted that hits the projectile's light window. The laser beam enters through the window and is guided by the light guide to the designated combustion chamber 11, causing the fuel (or a propellant) to ignite. The right chamber is achieved by the color filter (light filter or laser filter / laser protection filter). A blue filter will hardly let any red light through. Blue light, however, will penetrate almost unhindered. A blue laser beam should z. B. reach the right chamber and a red one the left chamber. You can also z. B. Use green laser beam to influence the flight altitude of the projectile. Technically it is even feasible to install thrust nozzles 86 at the rear 2 of the projectile, which can also serve as a drive for the projectile's movement, which can be activated at any time by laser beams. This significantly increases the range of a projectile and the penetrating power. In particular, an ignition of a charge in the projectile can easily be initiated by laser beams.

For easy control of just a few functions, the light windows in the form of concentric circles/rings 14 can be installed at the rear of the projectile. Thus, no matter how the laser beam hits, it will enter the specific color-coded window and trigger an event inside ( 23 ).

On the 24 a variant has been shown, wherein at the rear of the projectile a small reflector in the form of a cone 87 is installed with the tip to the rear, which reflects the laser beams, which hit the projectile at the rear from behind, laterally into the environment. On the 24 b is a Another embodiment has been shown with the cone being somewhat recessed in the tail of the projectile and reflecting the laser beams striking the cone onto an inner wall of a shroud 88. This casing has light sensors or light guides 9 or light deflection elements, which then guide the laser beams into the interior of the projectile.

In the 25 is a similar variant to the previous one, but instead of a cone, a small pyramid 89 or truncated pyramid is installed as a reflector, the surfaces of which then reflect the laser beams laterally on a casing. The reflector/mirror surfaces of the pyramid can be color-coded or each have a specific color. The color of the reflector only partially absorbs the light beams, i.e. it reflects the laser beams of the same color relatively well, while the laser beams of other light colors reflect only very little. For example, a blue mirror surface will reflect a blue laser beam relatively well, while a red laser beam only slightly (comparable to color-coded light windows). With a truncated pyramid as a reflector, the truncated surface 90 can be provided with a small reflector 91 which can be used as a tracer function. The small reflector can be built in the form of a very slightly curved mirror or mirror surface. This mirror throws the laser beams backwards towards the shooter. The mirror can also be used as a reference point for a laser beam detection system on the weapon. A ring reflector 92 at the rear of the projectile can also be used for the tracer function.

In the case of nozzle activation, the centrifugal force of the projectile's spin must also be taken into account as the impulse force for the nozzles. Due to the strong centrifugal force in spin-stabilized projectiles, the flow rate of the gases expanding out of the nozzle is higher than in the idle state (or in the case of projectiles without spin). The centrifugal force of the projectile can also be used to spray a chemical (e.g. anesthetic) controlled by laser beams at the rear of the projectile ( 26 ). The centrifugal force alone would actually be sufficient to enable the spraying of chemicals with spin-stabilized projectiles. The chemical means, for example, tear gases, aerosols or mists that weigh down the view, which are emitted in the form of an aerosol jet 127 .

Although the weapon system can also be used for mobile weapon systems, it is optimally suited for stationary weapon systems or weapon systems that are stationary at the time of firing. The system can be used for mobile weapon systems, such as armored vehicles or combat aircraft / helicopters, but would have to be equipped with a laser beam tracking system that keeps the controlling laser beam aimed at the projectile at all times. Such tracking systems are not difficult to construct. There are even some such systems already in use that always aim a laser beam on an object even when the laser beam source is in motion. Such a system works using mirror deflection elements that can deflect the laser beam from the laser source in any direction. The mirror deflection elements are quickly responsive and controlled by an electronic controller.

A further variant which is described here and which is suitable for mobile weapon systems which are already in motion when fired directs the laser emitter 6 itself in such a way that its laser beam 7 always hits the projectile 1 . Here the laser emitter is mounted in a simple joint or gimbal 93 ( 27 ) or in a ball joint 94 ( 28 ) built-in. The laser emitter is moved by electromagnets or pivoted in the right direction. In the ball-joint variant, the ball 95 is moved into a ball socket 96 by permanent magnets 97 built into the ball and electromagnetic coils 98 built into the ball socket via a magnetic field interaction.

The laser emitter 6 does not have to be swiveled back and forth to any great extent. In principle it would be perfectly sufficient to connect the laser emitter to the weapon at one end pointing in the direction of the weapon with a joint or flexible part 99 (e.g. rubber part or spring) and the other end pointing in the direction of the projectile is coupled to two actuators (actuators) 8, one performing vertical and the other horizontal movements at the laser emitter end ( 29 ). The degree of swiveling of the laser emitter should be a maximum of approx. 20°. That's all you need. By this is meant the angle formed between the laser beam and the projectile's long axis line at which the projectile is initially located when fired. The laser emitter 6 can be installed above or below the weapon barrel.

The fired projectile is detected by the weapon using various conventional detection systems (video systems, optical or IR sensor systems, radar systems, etc.), which are often used in both civil and military technology are used.

On the 30 a system has been illustrated in which a center reflector 49 at the rear of the projectile or missile serves as a landmark for the weapon system. Through an optical magnification technique that works similar to a telescope or binoculars, is always through a monitoring technique, for example in the form of an image sensor 69 and a controller 10, to keep an "eye" on the small reflector. A laser beam emitted by the weapon, which always hits the reflector on the projectile, is partially reflected and captured by the weapon system. Here, too, the optical magnification system should be equipped with an electrically powered zoom function that is dynamically controlled. The zoom function should be controlled in a manner similar to that previously described: when the projectile is fired (just as it leaves the gun barrel) then the zoom function is at zero or even negative values. Because the projectile is very close to the weapon, no optical magnification is required for the image sensors to capture it (the targeted projectile will be smaller than shown). After 20 milliseconds, the projectile is approx. 20m away from the weapon and only then, for example, could the continuous (or incremental) zoom function be switched on. After 40 milliseconds, the zoom function will magnify the projectile twice to make it appear the same size to the imager as it would at half the distance. After 60 milliseconds, three times the magnification is aimed at, and so on. Of course, magnification cannot be infinite, but magnification of 50-150 times can be achieved with optical means (mirrors or lens systems). The magnification rate can also be chosen to be a little longer, e.g. instead of every 20, an enlargement is done every 30 milliseconds (a single enlargement, every time and every 30mS). Due to the optical magnification, the center of the reflector on the projectile, as well as the elements located outside and their rotation around the center, are precisely recorded. This means that the rotational movement of the projectile is easily determined with spin-stabilized projectiles. The windows on the projectile here are arranged like small circle sectors 100 and are thus located in the periphery of the projectile mirror 49 which is located in the center at the rear of the projectile. A different function on the projectile can be controlled via each window. Guide vanes, hinged side wings or a nozzle can be installed on the side for steering, which is coupled to a propellant / propellant tank in the projectile and an electrovalve. The variant with one nozzle is relatively simple and works reliably. For example, the nozzle control can be coupled via a light pipe to a circular sector window having a light filter that transmits red laser light. The projectile and its rotation in its longitudinal axis are detected by the monitoring system on the weapon. Because the laser beam can be strongly bundled and the projection can be given any geometry with lens or mirror systems, it is possible to hit the projectile tail with a laser beam in such a way that only half of the tail circle is hit. In this case, the laser beam can produce a projection in the form of a semi-circle, which also only half hits the surface of the projectile tail. This can be the right or the left or the upper or the lower half, depending on the light deflection elements that are built into the weapon and are coupled to the laser emitter. If left steering of a spin stabilized projectile spinning at 6000rpm is desired, a red laser beam will strike the tail of the projectile to the right of the center spot reflector, i.e. in an area on the right half of the projectile tail. In this case, the nozzle should be installed at the exact point on the side of the projectile where the red light window is located. As soon as the light window is in the 1 - 5 o'clock position during the rotation, it will also be hit by laser beams. An additional polarization filter can be installed, but it is not essential. With a polarization filter, the nozzle control can be addressed very precisely. A largely precise range would then be controllable (eg a 2:30-3:30 position). As soon as the window reaches this position, the nozzle is activated and only as long as the laser beam hits the window. In this case, the nozzle on the right of the current position and only as long as it is on the right side of the projectile will be activated. A brief impulse thrust is generated, pushing the projectile slightly to the left. On the next rotation, the nozzle is briefly switched on again at the same position and another pulse is generated. At 6000rpm of the projectile, the nozzle is turned on every 10 milliseconds. During this time, a projectile traveling at 1000m/s will travel 10m. Roughly calculated, every 10m a slight course correction of the projectile is possible. In the case of larger course corrections, one would have to activate the course correction procedure, for example, 100m or more before arriving at the destination. If more intense course corrections are desired, this can be achieved by installing multiple nozzles around the circumference of the projectile with jet directions arranged radially. In that case, each nozzle would have to be controlled by a correspondingly assigned window. The nozzles would then have to be turned on and then off in sequence each time they reach a corresponding circle sector. The control is also fully automatic here and within fractions of a millisecond. You don't have to be inventive to design such fast electronic controls and circuits. Many of these are well-known circuits or are learned during studies in electronics. The electronic components for this have been on the market for a long time, but are used in other areas.

With this method, the trajectory of a projectile can be corrected in any direction. If a correction should be made to the right, then the nozzle will not activate until it is on the left during rotation. For an upward course correction, the nozzle would then have to be activated when it is down. Thus, for each course correction, the nozzle would only have to be activated if it was diametrically opposed to the desired course correction direction during the projectile's rotation, and only until the rotation brought the nozzle out of the corresponding sector of the circle. With projectiles or rockets without spin, things are easier. Here the windows can be installed in a ring shape at the rear like concentric circles, provided with different light filters. The center reflector would not be essential in that case unless a tracer for the projectile trajectory (rocket path) is desired. An image sensor detection system and zoom function are also not necessary, because in this case the laser beam does not hit the rear of the projectile in half, but completely. The command selection for the corresponding functions is carried out using the various light filters on the light windows.

A well-focused laser beam is required for spin-stabilized projectiles, but for projectiles or rockets without spin, the laser beams that hit the projectile (or rocket) do not have to be highly focused either. These can also form a somewhat narrow cone of light, which would be advantageous in order to be able to hit the projectile better. If the laser beam light cone is a few meters wide at a distance of 1000 m, the laser beam can be aimed at or hit the projectile better.

The variant on the 31 shown works just as well with spin-stabilized projectiles as with projectiles or rockets that do not rotate around their own longitudinal axis (arrow-stabilized projectiles). Here only a window 3 is installed on the projectile, through which several functions can be controlled. The laser beam 7 is modulated and thus supplies modulated information, which is then evaluated by a light sensor in an evaluation unit 76 in the projectile and forwarded in a selected manner to corresponding actuators 8 . It is thus possible to steer in any direction and to detonate an internal explosive device 101 in the projectile at any selectable or programmable time. In order to achieve optimal signal control for the guidance, only a light window at the rear and two small areas or points designed as reflectors or mirrors 23 would be necessary: one in the middle of the rear of the projectile and another point in the periphery also at the tail of the projectile. These two points can have different light filters or different mirror colors, which would allow good detection from a distance. For example, the point in the center can be a red mirror 49, while that in the periphery is a green mirror 102. The green dot 102 would rotate around the red 49 due to the twist. This marking is intended to enable the rotational movement of the projectile to be recorded in real time. It is very important with spin-stabilized projectiles because a control on the weapon can use these markings to determine the rotational position of the projectile. The position of the point reflectors or mirror surfaces is recorded in real time by an image sensor on the weapon via an optical magnification system that is coupled with an electronically controllable zoom system that zooms in on the projectile more and more with the distance from the projectile . Based on the different mirror colors, it is very possible and feasible to identify the points. Exactly at the point of the marking in the periphery, a nozzle or a swivel vane / guide vane can be installed on the projectile. Multiple nozzles or swivel vanes can also be installed around the projectile for better steering behavior. The modulation of the laser beam makes it possible to send a variety of control commands to the projectile. The control commands can be delivered one after the other. If required, several functions can be controlled almost simultaneously. Because signaling is extremely fast (in microseconds), it's practically as if the commands were arriving at the same time. An IR laser emitter is ideal here. This would make the projectile invisible to the eye, making it easier to use at night.

In the 32 is a projectile that can also be equipped with an aperture function. A further light guide 103 can be built into the projectile, which allows a laser beam 7 striking from behind to emerge laterally in the circumference of the projectile. Also a small mirror 87, built like a small cone or pyramid at the rear of the projectile, with the tip pointing backwards, can reflect sideways a light beam or laser beam hitting the projectile from behind ( 33 ).

For the lateral reflection is in the 34 a variant has been shown with a ring mirror 104 shaped like a ring at the rim of the projectile tail, angled or positioned to reflect light rays arriving from the rear sideways. A range finder 65, which determines the distance to a targeted target, can also determine projectile range in real time. The distance to the intended target can be determined once at the beginning (if not moving targets) and then the projectile can be sighted by the sensor of the distance measuring device. Based on the permanent recording of the distance between the weapon and the fired projectile, the aperture time can be set as desired. Eg a blinding effect is desired at 287m, then this is entered into the laser controls and when the projectile is fired, once it has traversed that distance, the intensely luminous laser emitter will activate and hit the projectile on the rear. The beam penetrates the light guide 103 and will then exit the projectile at the side. The light can come out as an intense flash, blinding those in the area who are to the side of the projectile. The same is achieved with a conical (87) or annular mirror (104) at the tail of the projectile. The cone mirror 87 can have a slightly spherically curved surface, as a result of which the reflection angle of the laser beams increases somewhat. The shooter is not dazzled by the light because the light only emerges laterally from the perimeter of the projectile and not to the rear. Light converters 105 can be installed on the projectile or in the rocket, which convert laser beams into intense white light and thus increase the blinding effect ( 34 ). These converters are special materials that convert a laser beam (eg blue, IR or UV laser beam) into white light and are often used in laser headlights, such as in the automotive sector. This aperture function can be used with any caliber of ammunition. Small caliber projectile weapons can also be equipped with it. The advantage over aperture grenades is the freely adjustable aperture intensity and the exact time at which the aperture function is activated. With a slightly larger distance between the projectile and the enemy forces, one could increase the luminous intensity of the laser emitter to achieve a stronger blinding effect.

If you use X-ray lasers or X-rays that hit the projectile in a bundle, then you can also see behind a building while the projectile is flying into it ( 35 ). The X-rays should then also be emitted at an angle to the rear. These reflected rays are recorded by sensors and an image sensor system can then evaluate these rays, which penetrate through the building, and compile them into image information.

On the 36 An exemplary embodiment has been shown in which a small, stable chamber 106 is installed in the projectile 1, in which the compressed gas of the ignited propellant (propellant charge) can penetrate as long as the projectile is still in the gun barrel. A small nozzle 107 is installed at the rear of the projectile. A controllable check valve 108 is installed between the nozzle and the chamber. This check valve is built in to allow gas to enter the chamber, but not out. The projectile is also provided with light windows 3 and color filters 4 here. The check valve can be opened remotely via a built-in, sensor-controlled actuator 8 by means of laser beams. For example, when a certain distance is reached, the check valve can be opened and the propellant gases can thus flow out through the nozzle at the rear of the projectile. This gives the projectile extra boost during flight. Although it is the thrust energy that was created in the gun barrel and was lost there due to the "intermediate storage" in the chamber 106 of the projectile at the time of firing, it can easily be compensated for with a little more gunpowder in the ammunition cartridge. The primary blast propels the projectile, but once it leaves the gun barrel, the motive power is gone. With this variant, however, a small part of the muzzle energy is stored in the chamber and reproduced later.

Alternatively, a small amount of gunpowder, propellant, propellant, or rocket fuel 109 can also be incorporated into the projectile in a chamber, which can then be ignited by laser beams during flight ( 37 ). The ignition of the propellant, propellant charge, rocket fuel or gunpowder (anything used as ignition material) can also be accomplished with a somewhat weaker laser emitter if a small lens 110 is installed in the chamber (in the projectile) immediately before the ignition material, which focuses the laser beams bundles the ignition material (propellant, propellant charge, rocket fuel or gunpowder). It is enough to heat a small point above the ignition temperature for it to explode, which is easy to do with lasers. Laser beams can produce thousands of degrees at the focal point, even over greater distances (eg 5000m). The explosion in this case should not destroy the projectile, but merely create a back jet of hot gases, giving the projectile additional thrust, increasing penetration or range.

The manufacturer can choose the propellant / propellant charge in the chamber. Whether to use gunpowder or liquid fuel or rocket fuel/hydrogen is decided by the manufacturer. It is important that the chamber 106 is constructed strong enough so that it does not rupture when the agent is ignited.

The laser emitter activation circuitry should be coupled to a range finder 65 for accurate control. The Laser Emitter can also hit the projectile all the time with laser beams, but only with low intensities, which do not initiate activities in the projectile. Only when a certain distance is reached can the laser beam be emitted with a higher intensity in order to activate projectile functions. While the weak laser beam has no effect on the projectile, the sudden increase in laser beam energy will cause activation of the described functions on the projectile, or cause ignition of a propellant charge. It should be mentioned that the laser emitter, if it emits strongly bundled laser beams, can no longer reliably hit the projectile from a distance because the projectile has a ballistic trajectory. However, when using the tracker, which always keeps the projectile in sight, this is very doable. Alternatively, the laser emitter can emit a slightly diverging laser beam, which appears as a circle with a diameter of 25 cm at a distance of 100 m, for example. The laser beam circle projection increases with distance and the projectile continues to be hit at the rear. The laser emitter can be installed above or, even more advantageously, below the gun barrel.

Last in the 38 Another variant is shown in which a container (chamber) 111 is installed in the projectile or in the rocket, which can be opened by laser beams and the control commands obtained thereby and the contents can be released at a desired distance (cargo projectile or cargo rocket) . An extra window 3 with a corresponding color filter can be installed in the projectile or rocket for this purpose. For this purpose, a controlling laser beam is emitted from the weapon. The command can also be transmitted more easily by the modulated laser beam, with only one window installed at the rear of the projectile or missile. Through an evaluation unit inside the projectile or rocket, the control signals that are obtained from the laser beam are selectively forwarded to the corresponding actuators. A closure on the container or a flap 112 (flaps, small door, pivoting walls) can be opened, controlled by laser beams, and a content can thereby be dispensed. Depending on the intended use, the manufacturer can determine whether the content is a solid substance, liquid or gas (e.g. anesthetic or tear gas) or an aerosol.

The light window on the projectile can consist of a material that has a different refractive index depending on the incidence of light. Garnet, for example, shows such optical material properties. With such light windows, precise control of the functions in the projectile by laser beams would also be possible without a polarization filter.
On the 39 a greatly simplified variant has been presented. One (or more) chambers are built into the projectile, which is filled with a propellant charge or propellant, which is remotely ignited by a laser beam from the weapon. The associated light window for igniting the propellant charge should be installed at the rear of the projectile. IR lasers 128 are ideal for lighting. The ignition process and gas expansion in the chamber creates a very high pressure inside the projectile. On the periphery of the projectile, i.e. on the side, small holes are built in, each of which has the function of a nozzle. Small tubing 129 connects the chamber to the nozzles. The pipelines do not have to be specially created mini-pipes, they are just fine bores 120 on the projectile that end like a nozzle. Small valves or electric valves (piezo valves) are installed on the lines, which are controlled by the laser beams. In order to simplify production, small piezo elements, so-called piezo valves 121, are also installed on the outside of the nozzle as valves, which can close and open the nozzle opening. Such elements, which are easy to incorporate during manufacture without immeasurably increasing the cost of production, are very responsive and can change state thousands of times per second. Because the nozzle channels are quite narrow, the pressure that is generated in the chamber does not act very strongly on the valves and is easy to control. It is controlled by the laser beam, which penetrates the projectile and activates a sensor. During production, it is proposed to produce a small, cylindrically shaped capsule 117 with all the elements such as light windows, sensors, nozzles, chambers, etc., which is then simply coupled to the projectile or to the projectile shortened by the capsule length and form a unit. The capsule has the same diameter or slightly smaller than the projectile and is connected to the projectile by means of threads 118 - simply screwed in. Depending on whether the laser emitter is switched on on the left or on the right, corresponding laser beams will also be able to penetrate primarily on the left or right at the rear of the rotating projectile. For example, the left laser emitter in red and the right one in green will emit the laser beams, then the projectile can be steered left and right with these two laser beams. Because the red laser beams come from slightly to the left (at a very narrow angle, say 0.05°), they also enter the projectile primarily from the left. The screens prevent the light windows on the right, above or below from being completely reached. Some of the laser beams still penetrate where it shouldn't, which occurs increasingly with distance, but the light beam intensity is greater on the right side or on the right window and with sensorge guided projectiles, by using electronic reference circuitry in the projectile, the window into which the lower intensity laser beams penetrate can be ignored. Of course, due to the rotation, the windows are constantly changing, but the laser beam penetrates with greater intensity the windows that are located to the left of the projectile's axis of rotation at the time, and this is crucial for the guidance function. In real time, only the nozzles are activated and only as long as the corresponding windows describe the given sector of the circle (in our case on the left). As soon as the light windows leave the left area, they are no longer controlled and the associated nozzles close again. The small tubes make this possible over a distance of 1000m without any problems. It goes without saying that the angle between the laser beam and the axis of rotation of the projectile decreases with distance and eventually makes almost no difference, i.e. the beams are emitted almost parallel to the trajectory. The nozzles installed on the perimeter of the projectile (with the jet direction arranged radially) are each controlled through a window. If projectile steering to the left is desired, then the nozzles that are then to the right of the projectile's spin axis must be activated. To simplify control, the projectile can be designed so that the windows control opposing nozzles, respectively. In the case, for example, if you want to steer the projectile to the left, you should actually activate the left laser emitter.

On the 40 further representation of the variant with the small apertures is shown. This method provides reliable control of spin stabilized projectiles. Again, the light windows at the rear of the projectile are provided with small apertures that primarily transmit light arriving in the longitudinal axis of the projectile from behind. These screens consist of a honeycomb structure 113 ( 40a) or from small tubes 114 ( 40b) , which are slightly radially inclined. The light windows are built into the periphery of the tail of the projectile, that is, outside the axis of rotation. The screens or the tubes are installed in such a way that they are slightly inclined outwards, as away from the axis of rotation in spin-stabilized projectiles. The angle between the axis of the tubes and the axis of rotation of the projectile or the trajectory vector is very small. The angle formed by the longitudinal axes 115 of the tubes 114 and the longitudinal axis of the projectile can be approximately 0.06°, for example. Although very small, it may be quite sufficient to receive a laser beam located some 50cm outside the gun barrel aimed at the projectile in such a way that it primarily penetrates the windows at the rear of the projectile, which are positioned in the circle at the same time as the laser emitter. This means that if the laser emitter was to the left of the gun barrel, the laser beam in the projectile would only penetrate the windows located in the rear of the projectile to the left. Due to the small inclination (in the direction of centrifugal force), only a laser beam that is slightly outside the line of fire but aims at the projectile at a slight angle from the side can penetrate. For this reason, two or more laser emitters are installed on the weapon about 30-80cm from the weapon barrel in a hinged or telescopically extendable arm (on both sides of the barrel). Additional laser filters/light filters are installed on the light windows, which only allow a laser beam with a specific wavelength (light color) to pass through. Because the projectile rotates and the windows rotate with it, the laser beam will only penetrate the sectors that are on the left during the rotation phases. In that case, the nozzles diametrically opposite the window would be active and only while they were actually to the right of the projectile's longitudinal axis. This allows the projectile to be steered to the left. It is also possible to steer the projectile in any direction, i.e. up or down or right-left. The tubes of the diaphragm are relatively short and very thin (approx. 1 mm long and with an opening of approx. Ø= 0.1 mm). The inner wall of the tubes should have a light-absorbing coating or any material that absorbs light well. The laser emitter can be installed in a telescopic arm or lever 116 which in turn is coupled to the weapon. Just before the projectile is fired, the lever can be unclamped from the gun barrel and the laser emitter primed for projectile control. It would be even better to install two such arms or levers, each with a laser emitter on the left and right of the weapon at a distance of about 50cm from the weapon. In order to steer the projectile up or down, the lever would then have to rotate by 90° and the two laser emitters would then be arranged vertically. The rotation of the laser emitters should be electronically controlled by electric motors 119 or electromagnets. This is the only way to react quickly.

The variant in the 41 1, has one or more chambers 122, each equipped with a gas generator, or filled with a liquid (eg, an oil or simply water) that is rapidly expandable from outside by laser energy. The liquid acts as an actuator and is rapidly heated by direct laser energy. The liquid, in a very small amount, is housed in a chamber. The amount of liquid depends on the projectile size. For example, with small projectiles that weigh about 62 grams, should the amount of liquid is only about 0.3ml. The color of the liquid can be black, for example. This amount of liquid can be heated very quickly, within a few milliseconds, to approx. 150°C by a 120W laser beam and also quickly cooled. It creates high pressure on the chamber and thus causes expansion. The chamber should be completely filled with it, without air bubbles or inclusions. This transfers the expansion 1:1 to the chamber. Each chamber only causes expansion at only one location on the surface of the ammunition. Thus, there is a small hillock 123, a crease 124 or a rough surface 125 which affects the flight characteristics of the ammunition. Creating a rough surface 125 that has a scale-like structure, with the scale-like plates 126 arranged like a fish but in opposite directions, causes a rapid increase in drag on the side of the ammunition when opened. These small scales can be built into the surface of the ammunition and form a totally smooth overall structure when fired. If a laser beam hits a corresponding chamber in the ammunition via one of the windows and causes expansion of an expansion material there by heat, a small dent is created on the surface of the ammunition, with the platelets in the form of scales opening. Because these are not arranged like a fish, but in the opposite direction, they provide considerable air resistance. The scales are inconspicuous, simple metal plates that are partly cut diagonally into the ammunition outer skin. It is only when the projectile expands at one point that the platelet structure opens and reveals it.

Other actuators that cause deformation of the shell of the ammunition can also be installed. For example, electroactive plastics or piezo elements or bimetallic elements are also suitable. The actuators, which cause deformation of the shell of the munition at an external area of the munition, can also consist of gas generators or explosive means, which generate an increased pressure inside the munition.

Control of functions on the projectile by laser beams and the range for reliable control ultimately depends on the power of the laser emitter built into the weapon. With a laser power of 10W (green) it is possible to achieve reliable control of the projectile functions at a distance of up to approx. 700m. If the laser power is increased accordingly, the range can be increased. With 50W laser power you can still control a projectile well at a distance of up to 1500m. Of course, for the large caliber projectiles that fly 20km or more, more powerful laser emitters are required. If the range is too long, the laser control no longer makes sense, because the projectile will no longer be visible to the shooter due to the curvature of the earth and therefore can no longer be hit by the laser beams from the weapon.

Coupling the projectile with a pod that is pre-manufactured and equipped with all the controls and sensors greatly simplifies manufacture because few major modifications need to be made to the projectile itself. The elements in the capsule can be cast, or the capsule can be made of alloy, plexiglass, polycarbonate, plastic, synthetic resin or whatever. There are a number of synthetic resins, such as acrylic resin, alkyd resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, vinyl ester resin, phenolic resin (phenol-formaldehyde resin, PF resin), amino resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, etc. Through the thread simply screw it onto the projectile and you're done. It should be noted that the capsule must be well balanced around the axis of rotation in order not to generate any unwanted imbalance or swinging movements during the twist.

It should be mentioned that steering the projectile in spin-stabilized projectiles does not mean changing the direction of the longitudinal axis. It always stays parallel, like initially when exiting the gun barrel, or the projectile is just shifted back and forth sideways or up/down, but its angular momentum always keeps the projectile pointed as it was fired.

Reference List

1

projectile / missile

2

tail of the projectile

3

Light window / ring-shaped light window

4

Color filter / light filter or laser filter (laser protection filter)

5

weapon

6

laser emitter

7

laser beam

8th

Actuators / Actuators

9

light guide

10

steering

11

chamber

12

Mini wing / steering or guiding wing

13

energy source

14

Windows in the form of concentric rings

15

Center point at the tail of the projectile

16

Goal

17

light deflector

18

Laser beam branch

19

sensor

20

steering

21

main beam / laser beam

22

control beam

23

reflector / mirror

24

reflected laser beam

25

Point beam / point of light

26

optical detection system

27

Laser beam (guide beam) emitted onto the target object

28

Spot beam on the aimed target object

29

Thrust nozzles on the projectile

30

rotatable core

31

tail of the core

32

polarizing filter

33

primer

34

Explosive / incendiary explosive device / propellant

35

Chamber with propellant charge

36

tubular structure

37

Small tubes

38

openings in the tubes

39

Longitudinal axis of the projectile

40

inner walls of the tubes

41

Point on the side of the projectile

42

electrovalve

43

gas generator

44

light diode

45

laser diodes

46

Polarization filter directly to the laser emitter

47

Semiconductor control built into the projectile

48

Circles / circular windows of light

49

small mirror at the center of the projectile tail

50

Ring mirror / ring made of a reflector or mirror

51

Small solar cell

52

capacitor

53

light source

54

LEDs

55

projectile cartridge

56

Light guide for the cartridge / sleeve

57

electromagnetic coil

58

electronic current regulator

59

gun magazine

60

permanent magnets

61

Gun barrel / launch tube

62

small electrodes on the projectile

63

charging electrodes

64

Strong explosive device

65

laser rangefinder

66

control flaps

67

electromagnet

68

piezo elements

69

image sensor

70

Lens or mirror system

71

Light reflectors in the form of small dots on the projectile tail

72

Punk reflector in the center of the projectile tail

73

control unit

74

timekeeping circuit

75

IR sensors

76

evaluation unit

77

Laser beam in IR range

78

photosensor or photodiode

79

small moving wings / steering wings

80

piezo elements

81

permanent magnet

82

Electromagnet built into weapon launch tube

83

Shell, shell of the projectile

84

bimetallic elements

85

other piezo elements

86

Thrust nozzles at the rear of the projectile

87

Reflector in the shape of a cone

88

sheathing

89

Pyramid or truncated pyramid

90

stump surface

91

small reflector

92

ring reflector

93

gimbal

94

ball joint

95

Bullet

96

ball socket

97

permanent magnets built into the ball

98

Electromagnetic coils built into the ball socket

99

joint or flexible part

100

Windows on the projectile in the form of sectors of a circle

101

explosive device in the projectile

102

periphery mirror

103

Aperture function light guide

104

ring mirror

105

light converter

106

Chamber for gas storage

107

Small nozzle (for the additional drive)

108

controllable check valve

109

Gunpowder, propellant, propellant, or rocket fuel

110

small lens

111

container (chamber)

112

Closure on the container or a flap

113

honeycomb structure of the screen

114

Small tubes

115

axes of the tubes

116

Arm / telescopic arm or lever in which the laser emitter is attached

117

capsule

118

thread

119

Electric motors or electromagnets for the arm of the laser beam

120

fine bores on the projectile

121

Piezo valves as nozzle valves (with piezo elements)

122

chamber with a liquid

123

hill

124

wrinkle

125

rough surface

126

Scale-shaped plates

127

Liquid jet / aerosol jet

128

IR laser

129

pipeline

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• US 7963442 B2 [0009]
• US6666402 [0010]
• EP 2165152 B1 [0012]
• US20140326824A1 [0013]
• EP 1309831 B1 [0014]
• DE 201605 A [0015]
• US4565340A [0016, 0019]
• DE 102008007435 B4 [0017]
• DE 60021822 T2 [0018]
• DE 102005035829 B4 [0020]
• US 6588700 B2 [0021]
• DE 2833079 C1 [0022]

Claims (83)

Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition, comprising at least: - a laser emitter, the beam direction of which is aimed at the tail of an ammunition fired from the weapon after firing during the flight duration of the ammunition, - Ammunition equipped with at least one light window at the rear through which the laser beam from the weapon system's laser emitter can penetrate the ammunition, - Laser light sensors, which are built into the ammunition behind the light window and can be activated by laser beams, - electrical control elements and/or actuators built into the ammunition, which can be activated by the laser beam penetrating the light window, which perform certain functions or which can influence the aerodynamic properties of the ammunition during flight, - a controller coupled to the laser emitter, - an energy source built into the ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 1 , characterized in that a remote control system in the ammunition, consisting of at least - a pressure chamber that is built into the ammunition inside, which is filled with a propellant or explosive, - an ignition system for the propellant or the explosive , consisting of at least one electrical fuse, which can be controlled by the laser beams from the weapon, - one or more nozzles, which are arranged radially around the ammunition and which are connected to the pressure chamber by fine channels or bores, - several electrovalves, connected to the nozzles or relative ducts, - several light windows provided with light filters and selectively letting through only laser beams of a certain wavelength, behind which sensors are installed, each coupled to a control or directly to the electrovalves. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the functions in the ammunition are controlled remotely by laser beams from the weapon in real time. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter is a laser diode which emits visible laser beams or UV laser beams or infrared laser beams. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the weapon is equipped with a number of laser beams, which consist of individually controllable laser diodes which are aimed at the fired ammunition and emit laser beams each with a specific wavelength. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition is arrow- or spin-stabilized. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of patent claims 2 until 6 , characterized in that the light filter at the rear of the ammunition is a polarizing filter which only lets through polarized laser beams. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter on the weapon is equipped with a polarization filter which can be rotated electrically about its beam direction axis. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter or several of them are installed in a housing which can be rotated electrically about its beam direction axis. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that an eccentrically installed reflector is located on the rear of the ammunition, which returns a laser beam hitting there to an image sensor detection unit installed on the weapon. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 10 , characterized in that the weapon is equipped with a control unit which is coupled to the image sensor acquisition unit which acquires the rotations of the spin-stabilized ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 11 , characterized in that the rotational speed or the rotational position of the laser beam can be controlled based on the circular angle position of the reflector on the projectile, which is determined in real time by the image sensor detection unit built into the weapon. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of patent claims 8 until 12 , characterized in that the rotational speed of the laser emitter or the polarization filter disc is synchronous with the rotation of the spin-stabilized ammunition. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter with a modulator, which transmits modulated signals to the ammunition via the laser beam, which is controlled there by an evaluation unit built into the ammunition for the selected activation of corresponding functions or steering processes is designed, is equipped. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that several light windows, which are provided with different light filters, through which laser beams with a corresponding wavelength can penetrate selectively and predominantly, are installed. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that several light windows, which are provided with different polarization filters, through which predominantly polarized laser beams can selectively penetrate in the corresponding polarization direction, are installed. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the light windows with light guides, which guide the laser beams into the ammunition up to a point where a corresponding sensor and/or an actuator or a pyrotechnic set is located , which can perform a specific function when activated, are coupled. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter is coupled to the weapon via an electrically pivotable device and is equipped with a sensor system and corresponding control, whereby the fired ammunition can be targeted. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that - the energy source consists of a chargeable electrical energy store or a capacitor and a contactless charging electrical device. - the weapon is equipped with a non-contact electrical charging device that supplies the ammunition or rocket with energy as long as the ammunition or rocket is still in the weapon. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the sensor or the actuator built into the ammunition is coupled to a jet propulsion system built into the ammunition that is able to control or change the direction of flight of the ammunition or missile. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of patent claims 1 until 19 , characterized in that the sensor or actuator built into the munition is coupled to a propulsion and wing control system capable of controlling or changing the direction of flight of the munition. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that an explosive charge or a propellant charge which can be remotely detonated by the laser beams from the weapon is built into the ammunition. Weapon system with precision guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the weapon is equipped with a sensor system capable of determining in real time the position and the distance of the fired ammunition. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition has a small reflector at the rear, which throws a laser beam hitting it in the longitudinal axis direction of the ammunition back in the same direction backwards or reflects it to the shooter , Is provided. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 24 , characterized in that the reflector at the rear of the ammunition represents a tracer function of the ammunition. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the light windows are built into the rear of the ammunition or the rocket in the form of concentric rings. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of patent claims 1 until 25 , characterized in that the light windows are installed at the rear of the munition or missile in the form of circular sectors or circles located outside the axis of rotation of the munition. Precision-guided ammunition weapon system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped with an optical magnification system oriented to target the fired ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 28 , characterized in that the optical magnification system is equipped with an electronically controlled optical or digital zoom function. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 28 or 29 , characterized in that the zoom function is coupled to an electronic timing device which starts accurate, fine timing from the moment the ammunition or missile is fired. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 30 , characterized in that the electronic timing device is coupled to a sensor capable of detecting in real time the firing of an ammunition or a missile from the weapon. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after patent claim 31 , characterized in that the sensor is a shock sensor which can detect the shock waves of the rocket return beam or the vibrations of the weapon barrel when firing an ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after patent claim 31 , characterized in that the sensor is an optical sensor capable of detecting the light of the hot gases when a munition is fired or the rocket's return beam. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after patent claim 31 , characterized in that the sensor is an infrared sensor that detects the heat of the ammunition propellant / propellant gases or the return jet of the rocket immediately after firing. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of patent claims 31 until 34 , characterized in that the electronic timing device and the sensor are coupled to a controller that determines the range of the munition or missile in real time. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 35 , characterized in that the control is coupled to the zoom function of the optical enlargement system. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 35 or 36 , characterized in that the power of the zoom function can be automatically controlled by the controller depending on the distance of the ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of Claims 35 until 37 , characterized in that the control for the zoom function strives for a dynamically controlled optical enlargement of the ammunition during flight, so that the ammunition can always be displayed in an almost constant size during the entire flight on an image acquisition system. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the power of the laser beam can be automatically adjusted by a built-in control depending on the distance from the fired ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of Claims 14 until 39 , characterized in that an evaluation unit which can evaluate and select the control commands of a modulated laser beam and forwards them to corresponding controls or actuators in order to be able to activate them is built into the ammunition. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that it is equipped with a range finder which determines the distance to a targeted target. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 41 , characterized in that the range finder also permanently determines the distance of the fired ammunition in real time and supplies this data to the controller. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition is non-rotating about its own longitudinal axis and has a rapidly rotating core inside, the fully jacketed, rotating in the longitudinal axis of the ammunition or missile, electrically rotated immediately or during firing. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 43 , characterized in that it comprises an electrical device that causes the rotary core inside the ammunition or rocket to rotate immediately or during firing. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 43 or 44 , characterized in that the core of the ammunition has magnetic properties or consists of a permanent magnet and electronically controlled electromagnets are installed in the gun barrel, which set the core of the ammunition into rapid rotation by generated rotating magnetic fields. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one cable-connectable or radio interface that allows programming by a separate mobile device in the form of a computer, mobile phone or a PC tablet. Is provided. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition is filled with at least - one stable chamber with a gas generator or explosive or other propellant or propellant charge, - a small nozzle which is installed at the rear of the projectile and which is connected to the auxiliary chamber, - a light window built into the rear of the ammunition through which a laser beam can enter the ammunition from behind and activate the gas generator or ignite the propellant, propellant charge or primer. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 47 characterized in that the propellant is gunpowder, or hydrogen or rocket propellant. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition has at least - an empty chamber, - a small nozzle at the rear, which is connected to the chamber, through which the compressed propellant gases from the weapon barrel during firing, while the ammunition is still moving in the gun barrel, up to the point of entering the chamber. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 49 , characterized in that a shut-off valve/non-return valve, which allows the compressed gases to enter the chamber but not to escape, is installed between the nozzle and the chamber. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 50 , characterized in that the check valve / check valve is electrically controlled, the blocking direction can be electrically canceled. Weapon system with precision guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that it is equipped with a light window provided with a colored light filter, through which a laser beam can penetrate and a control for the shut-off valve can be controlled. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition with a container whose contents are controlled by laser beam control commands and corresponding sensors and actuators built into the ammunition at a distance determined by shooters , exploded, equipped. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the light windows consist of a material which has a different refractive index depending on the direction of the light rays arriving there. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the light window consists of garnet. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter is equipped with a controller that activates it when the ammunition is fired with a low laser power and the ammunition is permanently activated from the moment it is fired with a low-power laser beam is hit, which increases the power of the laser beam by leaps and bounds when the ammunition has reached a certain distance. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that U-shaped light guides, the wings of which are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ammunition, are installed. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 57 , characterized in that the U-shaped light guide is coupled to another light guide at the apex. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 57 or 58 , characterized in that the two ends of the light guide open into the rear of the ammunition. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that at least one light diode or light transistor, which only lets the light through in one direction, is coupled to the light guide in the ammunition or in the light guide is installed. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 60 , characterized in that the light diode or the light transistor consists of garnet. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the light windows in the ammunition consist of a material which has a different refractive index depending on the incident light. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter irradiates the rear of the ammunition or the rocket in a semicircle. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter irradiates the rear of the ammunition or the rocket in the shape of a sector of a circle. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of patent claims 8 until 64 , characterized in that the laser emitter in the weapon or its optics, which determines the plane of polarization, is rotatable about its beam direction axis. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Patent claim 65 , characterized in that the rotation of the laser beam or its optics, which determines the plane of polarization, is electronically controlled using the built-in electric motors or electromagnets. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that on the light windows at the rear there is a screen consisting of a honeycomb structure or small tubes, which shield the light rays from the environment and the laser beams from the weapon at the rear of the Allow ammunition to penetrate is installed. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that steering vanes are built into the ammunition, which are coupled to control elements which can be controlled by laser beams. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition is a projectile or missile. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition with a deformable outer skin, which can be deformed by the action of a laser beam, heat of a laser beam or by controlling the internal energy source and a voltage applied thereto an external area on the ammunition surface or may deform in a location that alters the aerodynamics of the ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 70 , characterized in that the deformation consists of one or more dents or folds. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 70 , characterized in that the deformation consists of a rough area, which is produced under the control of laser beams. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of Claims 70 until 72 , characterized in that the deformation is caused by the activity of actuators built into the ammunition for this purpose. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 73 , thereby identified Characterizes that the actuators that cause deformation of the shell of the ammunition consist of electroactive plastics or piezo elements or bimetallic elements. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of Claims 70 until 74 , characterized in that the actuators that cause deformation of the shell of the ammunition at an external area of the ammunition consist of gas generators or explosives that generate an increased pressure inside the ammunition. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of Claims 70 until 74 , characterized in that the actuators, which cause deformation of the outer skin of the ammunition at an outer area of the ammunition, are made of a liquid which expands rapidly from the outside due to laser energy, which generate an increased pressure inside the ammunition in at least one chamber , consist. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of Claims 70 until 76 , characterized in that the surface of the ammunition is equipped, completely or at least partially, or in certain areas, with a scale-like structure made up of small plates, the scales not being arranged backwards as in a fish, but being arranged in the opposite direction. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 77 , characterized in that small plates, partially cut obliquely backwards on the surface of the ammunition body, arranged like scales of a fish, but in the opposite direction, by deforming or creating a dent at a certain point on the surface of ammunition, can be opened. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the light windows consist of a transparent or partially transparent, stable, heat-resistant material. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the light windows on the ammunition are equipped with at least one lens which strongly bundles a laser beam that penetrates through the light window into the inside of the ammunition, into the projectile. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the laser emitter is installed in an electrically rotatable housing and rotates in its beam axis. Weapons system with precision-guided ammunition after Claim 81 , characterized in that it has a controller and an image sensor system that detects the rotation speed or the spin speed of the ammunition in real time and controls the laser emitter synchronously with the spin speed of the projectile. Weapon system with precision-guided ammunition according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the ammunition is a tank shell or a rocket.

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