DE102020215687A1 - CO2 absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a submarine having at least a first CO2 absorption device 10, a second CO2 absorption device 10 and a third CO2 absorption device 10, the CO2 absorption devices 10 each having a shell 40, a solid 20 for absorbing carbon dioxide and a heat exchange device 30, each heat exchange device 30 having a heat exchange fluid inlet and a heat exchange fluid outlet, the submarine having a hot fluid supply 120 and a cold fluid supply 110, each CO2 absorption device 10 having a gas inlet 50, the gas inlet 50 being arranged above the solid 20 and the heat exchange device 30 is, wherein each CO2 absorption device 10 has a gas outlet 60, wherein the gas outlet 60 is arranged below the solid 20 and the heat exchange device 30, wherein ambient air can be supplied through the gas inlet 50, wherein through the G As outlet 60 CO2-depleted gas can be supplied to the ambient air, wherein the gas outlet 60 can be connected to a pump for evacuation, the first CO2 absorption device 10, the second CO2 absorption device 10 and the third CO2 absorption device 10 independently in an absorption mode and a desorption mode can be operated.

Description

The invention relates to a regenerative CO ₂ absorber in a submarine and a method for operating a CO ₂ absorber on board a submarine.

On board a submarine, the breathing air has to be constantly renewed, the CO ₂ produced by the crew has to be removed and the oxygen used has to be replenished. Since this is vital for the crew, continuous treatment of the breathing air must be reliable and ensured over long periods of time.

There are a number of methods for separating carbon dioxide. In particular, filters made of soda lime or lithium hydroxide are used. The disadvantage of these filters, however, is that they cannot be regenerated while driving. Thus, the submarine must carry sufficient filter capacity. This leads to a high weight load. In addition, the filters have to be replaced regularly, whereby the risk arises from the handling of the substances, because a more or less strong lye is formed with both soda lime and lithium hydroxide in combination with water.

To separate carbon dioxide, a solid with functional amine groups is sometimes used as a filter, which can be regenerated. Such filters are first loaded with carbon dioxide from breathing air and then regenerated in a regeneration cycle by heating. The disadvantage is that the amine degrades when heated.

From the DE 10 2008 015 150 B4 a submarine with a ventilation device and a CO ₂ absorption device is known.

From the DE 10 2018 212 898 A1 a CO ₂ absorber with water injection for cooling is known. However, the high loading capacity of the amine with water has turned out to be less advantageous.

The object of the invention is to reliably provide breathable air on board a submerged submarine while conserving the energy reserves of the submarine in order to ensure long diving times and to ensure the safety of the crew through long-term stability and simple maintenance of the systems.

This object is achieved by a submarine having the features specified in claim 1 and by the method having the features specified in claim 7 . Advantageous developments result from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings.

The submarine according to the invention has at least a first CO ₂ absorption device, a second CO ₂ absorption device and a third CO ₂ absorption device. In the following, first "items" refer to components of the first CO ₂ absorption device, second "items" to components of the second CO ₂ absorption device and third "items" to components of the third CO ₂ absorption device, insofar as these items are components of the absorption devices . All CO ₂ absorption devices are particularly preferably identical, so that all components are identical in each case.

The submarine has a hot fluid supply and a cold fluid supply. For example and in particular, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the hot fluid supply is 120° C. to 220° C., preferably 130° C. to 160° C., and the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the cold fluid supply is −20° C. to 40° C., preferably 5ºC to 15ºC.

The CO ₂ absorption devices each have a shell, a solid for absorbing carbon dioxide and a heat exchange device. Each heat exchange device has a heat exchange fluid inlet and a heat exchange fluid outlet. Each CO ₂ absorption device has a gas inlet, the gas inlet being arranged on one side of the solid and the heat exchange device. Furthermore, each CO ₂ absorption device has a gas outlet, the gas outlet being arranged on the other side of the solid and the heat exchange device. The arrangement of the gas inlet and the gas outlet is such that the flowing gas flows around or through the solid. The gas inlet can, for example and particularly preferably, be arranged above and the gas outlet, for example, below the solid of the heat exchange device. This has the advantage that the solid is flown from above, which minimizes turbulence in the solid.

Ambient air can be supplied through the gas inlet and CO ₂ -depleted gas can be supplied to the ambient air through the gas outlet. In this way, the breathing air can be freed from CO ₂ . In this context, ambient air means the air that is inside the submarine, in particular the air in the area in which people are or can usually be found. The ambient air can be through suitable circulation pumps, Venti lators or pumping and suction devices and by means of pipes, shafts or guiding devices from the submarine to the gas inlet and transported back from the gas outlet in a corresponding manner. This further means that the CO ₂ absorption device is switched in an absorption mode such that ambient air is supplied through the gas inlet and the CO ₂ -depleted gas is supplied back to the ambient air through the gas outlet. In standby mode or in desoption mode, these connections to the ambient air are of course severed.

The gas outlet can be connected to a pump for evacuation. This compound is necessary in order to remove CO ₂ from the solid again in a desorption process. For example, the pump can be permanently connected. However, the pump can also be connected to more than one CO ₂ absorption device in a switchable manner, for example by switchable valves and corresponding pipes, so that the connection can be separated so that evacuation is only carried out in a targeted manner when this is desired. This separability can already be achieved with a simple valve.

The first CO ₂ absorption device, the second CO ₂ absorption device and the third CO ₂ absorption device can be independently operated in at least an absorption mode and a desorption mode. Additional operating modes are also possible, for example a standby mode, heating mode or cooling mode or maintenance mode. Further absorption modes or desorption modes are also conceivable, for example to be able to respond to different loadings. For example, the first CO ₂ absorption device can be flown through with circulating air to absorb CO ₂ , the second CO ₂ absorption device is connected to the pump for evacuation to desorb CO ₂ and the third CO ₂ absorption device is separated after desorbing in the Standby to be switched to absorption mode next. The operating modes can then be rotated so that the first CO ₂ absorption device is switched to the desorption mode, the second CO ₂ absorption device to the standby mode and the third to the absorption mode. Switching between absorption mode and desorption mode can be load-dependent, mission-dependent, time-dependent or load-dependent. The CO ₂ absorption device would then be provided with appropriate sensors in order to be able to detect a loading-dependent, time-dependent or also load-dependent switching point and to be able to change the operating mode via an appropriate control. The switching points can also be variable, in particular they can also be set as a function of the mission-dependent mode of operation of the submarine. The loading can also be estimated, for example, over time and the volume of air conveyed.

Of course, the invention is not limited to only three CO ₂ absorption devices, but there are preferably more, for example four to six, but there can also be significantly more. This has the advantage that, on the one hand, greater reliability is guaranteed. On the other hand, an easier adaptation to the needs, for example with different manning levels, can also take place.

• Die CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung dient zur Abtrennung von Kohlenstoffdioxid aus einem Gasgemisch, insbesondere zur Abtrennung von Kohlendioxid aus der Atemluft an Bord eines Unterseebootes. Die CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung weist einen Feststoff zur Aufnahme von Kohlenstoffdioxid auf. Bei dem Feststoff handelt es sich bevorzugt um ein Polymer mit funktionellen Amingruppen. Die CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung weist eine Wärmetauschvorrichtung im Feststoff auf. Die Wärmetauschvorrichtung dient dazu den Feststoff zur Desorption des Kohlendioxids zu erwärmen und nach der Desorption wieder abzukühlen. Zusätzlich kann der Feststoff auch während des Absorption des Kohlendioxids gekühlt werden, um eine ungewollte Erwärmung durch die exotherme Reaktion zu verhindern und so die Absorption zu optimieren. Die CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung weist eine Hülle auf, wobei die Hülle evakuierbar ist. Erfindungsgemäß wird auch ein Druck von 10 kPa als Vakuum im Sinne der Erfindung angesehen, da dadurch sowohl Sauerstoff ausreichend von dem Feststoff vor dem Erwärmen entfernt werden kann als auch die Desorption von Kohlendioxid ausreichend unterstützt wird. Die Hülle muss entsprechend stabil ausgebildet sein, um einen solchen Druck standhalten zu können, wobei zusätzlich zu berücksichtigen ist, dass der Druck im Inneren eines Unterseebootes stark schwanken kann und auch Werte bis 160 kPa erreichen kann. Die CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung weist einen Einlass in der Hülle für das Gasgemisch auf, wobei der Einlass oberhalb des Feststoffs angeordnet ist. Hierdurch wird der Feststoff von oben nach unten durchströmt.

A CO ₂ absorption device is preferably designed as follows:

• The CO ₂ absorption device is used to separate carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, in particular to separate carbon dioxide from the breathing air on board a submarine. The CO ₂ absorption device has a solid for absorbing carbon dioxide. The solid is preferably a polymer with functional amine groups. The CO ₂ absorption device has a heat exchange device in the solid. The heat exchange device serves to heat the solid for desorption of the carbon dioxide and to cool it down again after the desorption. In addition, the solid can also be cooled during the absorption of the carbon dioxide in order to prevent unwanted warming up due to the exothermic reaction and thus to optimize the absorption. The CO ₂ absorption device has a shell, the shell being evacuatable. According to the invention, a pressure of 10 kPa is also regarded as a vacuum for the purposes of the invention, since this allows oxygen to be sufficiently removed from the solid prior to heating and the desorption of carbon dioxide is sufficiently supported. The hull must be designed to be sufficiently stable in order to be able to withstand such a pressure, whereby it must also be taken into account that the pressure inside a submarine can fluctuate greatly and can even reach values of up to 160 kPa. The CO ₂ absorption device has an inlet in the shell for the gas mixture, the inlet being arranged above the solid. As a result, the solid is flown through from top to bottom.

The solid is in particulate form for absorbing carbon dioxide. For the purposes of the invention, particulate is, for example, spherical. The size of the par The particle size of the solids is preferably in the range from 0.1 mm to 50 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm. The use of a particulate solid makes the exchange much easier, even in a spatially cramped submarine, and the storage of the solid is also simpler compared to disc-shaped solids, for example.

The casing particularly preferably has a round cross section. The inlet is designed to generate a radial flow of the gas mixture above the solid. For example, this is not arranged centrally, but laterally offset. In particular, the inlet has a significantly smaller cross section than the shell in the horizontal (preferably round) cross section. This causes the gas mixture to flow in at a higher velocity, thereby creating a radial flow in the shell, which is preferably largely parallel to the surface of the solid. The subsequent flow of the gas mixture through the solid from top to bottom then takes place at a correspondingly lower flow rate (due to the significantly larger cross section with the same volume flow). This has two positive effects. On the one hand, this creates a uniform flow that does not whirl up the particulate solid. On the other hand, the lower flow rate increases the contact time with the solid and thus the absorption of carbon dioxide from the gas mixture.

By way of example and preferably, guide elements for generating or intensifying a radial flow are arranged in the shell and at the level of the inlet. As a result, the radial flow can be further optimized and the most uniform possible flow onto the solid can be achieved. In particular, the guide elements are designed in the form of vertically arranged guide plates, which are arranged inside at the upper end of the casing.

By way of example and preferably, the solid is arranged in a horizontally arranged absorption layer, the absorption layer having an upper delimiting element on the upper side and a lower delimiting element on the underside. The upper delimiting element and the lower delimiting element are each formed by a grid or perforated plate, i.e. by something through which the gas mixture can flow easily, but which securely holds back the solids. Therefore, the openings of the grid or the perforated plate are smaller than the particle size of the solid. The absorption layer is particularly preferably disk-shaped, so the thickness is less than the diameter. The solid is present in the absorption layer as a loose bed, which suggests a filling level of the order of ⅔. The flow resistance of the solid is correspondingly large. It is therefore advantageous to flow through a large area and only a small layer thickness of the solid, since both of these reduce the flow resistance of the solid overall and thus minimize the energy requirement for conveying the gas mixture through the CO ₂ absorption device. In particular, the absorption layer extends over the entire flow cross section, so that the flow has to flow through the solid. The thickness of the absorption layer to be flowed through is essentially constant over the entire flow cross section. The delimiting elements can also be multi-layered, for example from a first coarse grid with very large openings (larger than the solid), but with very stable support elements. A fine-meshed fine grid, for example, is then arranged on this first coarse grid, which holds back the solid and is itself carried and supported by the first coarse grid. This combines the optimum load-bearing capacity of the first coarse grid with the optimum retention properties of the second fine grid.

For example and preferably, the upper delimiting element has vertical structures, the vertical structures extending into the solid. These vertical structures serve to prevent the solid from slipping, for example when surfacing, descending or heeling, in particular if there is a compensation volume at the top to accommodate changes in volume. The vertical structures can be formed, for example, by elements arranged vertically downwards, which can, for example, have the same structure as the delimiting element itself, for example also consist of a grid. In an alternative example, the upper delimiting element itself is corrugated and thus has elevations and depressions itself. Since the solid is flown from above, it is not fluidized, as could be the case with a flow from below. Therefore, these vertical structures are sufficient for stabilization.

By way of example and preferably, the CO ₂ absorption device has a pump for evacuating the envelope, the pump preferably being a water ring pump. The water ring pump has two main advantages. On the one hand, direct contact is avoided by the liquid gap in the pump, so that this pump is comparatively quiet, which reduces the acoustic signature of the submarine. On the other hand, water condenses directly in the pump and is removed from the system with the water from the pump. This is particularly advantageous since the solid also serves to bind carbon dioxide in addition to binding Absorption of water from the breathing air tends and thus not only CO ₂ but also water is released in large quantities during desorption. The water is removed by condensing out and the gas volume to be pumped is thereby reduced at the same time. Compared to a water separator arranged in front of another pump, energy and building space are also saved.

For example and preferably, the CO ₂ absorption device has a pneumatic conveying device for the solid. In particular, the pneumatic conveying device has a connecting pipe. The connecting tube can be evacuated to remove the solid from the shell. Furthermore, the solid can be introduced into the shell with a gas flow through the connection pipe.

In order to promote the discharge of the solid, it can be supported, for example, by supplying gas through the inlet gas while evacuation is taking place through the connecting pipe. This achieves a promotional gas flow. Likewise, when it is introduced, pumping (evacuating) can take place at the shell at the same time as conveying with a gas stream, for example during desorption. This also allows a continuous gas flow to be achieved for the introduction of the solid.

For example and preferably, the heat exchange device has a fluid as the heat carrier. For example and preferably, the heat exchange device has a lamellar design. The fins of the heat exchange device are particularly preferably arranged parallel to the direction of flow.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the submarine has a heat recovery device for recovering the heat of the heat exchange fluid. For example and in particular, the heat recovery device includes a storage device having connections to the heat exchange fluid outlets for storing high temperature heat exchange fluid discharged from a heat exchange fluid outlet and connections to the heat exchange fluid inlets. Desorption takes place at temperatures of, for example, 120°C to 150°C. After the desorption has been completed, the correspondingly warm heat exchange fluid is pumped into the storage device and from there later into another CO ₂ absorption device if this is to be heated up for desorption after evacuation. Alternatively, in addition to or via the storage device, the heat recovery device comprises a connection between the heat exchange fluid outlet of a first CO ₂ absorption device and the heat exchange fluid inlet of a second CO ₂ absorption device. The warm heat exchange fluid can preferably be conveyed via the heat recovery device from any heat exchange fluid outlet of any desired CO ₂ absorption device to any heat exchange fluid inlet of any other desired CO ₂ absorption device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the gas outlets of the CO ₂ absorption devices can be connected to a water ring pump. Since, in addition to CO ₂ from the breathing air, water is also bound by the solid and released again in the desorption mode, a large amount of gaseous water is also released in this phase. This is condensed in a water ring pump and removed from the gas stream in a simple manner. In addition, a water ring pump is comparatively quiet, which has a positive effect on the acoustic signature of the submarine.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the solid is particulate. Next, the submarine on a pneumatic conveyor for the solid. This makes it possible to replace the solid without opening the CO ₂ absorption devices, which is also easily possible during a mission. For this purpose, each CO ₂ absorption device preferably has a closable connection pipe, preferably with a flange connection at the end. As a result, a suction device can first be connected to the corresponding flange in order to remove the particulate solid. A filling can then be connected to the flange in order to introduce the particulate solid into the CO ₂ absorption device with the aid of a gas stream.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the submarine has a further medium-temperature fluid supply in addition to the hot fluid supply and the cold fluid supply, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the cold fluid supply being lower than the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the medium-temperature fluid supply and the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the medium-temperature fluid supply being lower than that Temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the hot fluid supply.

1. a) Auswählen einer ersten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung, bei der die Desorption von Kohlendioxid abgeschlossen ist,
2. b) Auswählen einer zweiten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung, bei der die Absorption von Kohlendioxid abgeschlossen ist und bei welcher nun die Desorption durchgeführt werden soll,
3. c) Transferieren des warmen Wärmetauschfluids aus der ersten Wärmetauschvorrichtung der ersten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung in die zweite Wärmetauschvorrichtung der zweiten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for operating CO ₂ absorption devices in a submarine according to the invention, the method having the following steps:

1. a) selecting a first CO ₂ absorption device in which the desorption of carbon dioxide has been completed,
2. b) selecting a second CO ₂ absorption device in which the absorption of carbon dioxide has been completed and in which the desorption is now to be carried out,
3. c) transferring the warm heat exchange fluid from the first heat exchange device of the first CO ₂ absorption device to the second heat exchange device of the second CO ₂ absorption device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the transfer in step c) takes place via a storage device.

• d) Auswählen einer dritten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung, bei der die Absorption von Kohlendioxid abgeschlossen ist und bei welcher nun die Desorption durchgeführt werden soll,
• e) Verbinden des zweiten Gasauslasses der zweiten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung mit dem dritten Gaseinlass der dritten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung,
• f) Verbinden des dritten Gasauslasses der dritten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung mit der Pumpe zum Evakuieren,
• g) Evakuieren der zweiten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung und der dritten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung,
• h) Erwärmen des zweiten Feststoffes der zweiten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung und des dritten Feststoffes der dritten CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the following steps are additionally carried out:

• d) selecting a third CO ₂ absorption device in which the absorption of carbon dioxide has been completed and in which the desorption is now to be carried out,
• e) connecting the second gas outlet of the second CO ₂ absorption device to the third gas inlet of the third CO ₂ absorption device,
• f) connecting the third gas outlet of the third CO ₂ absorption device to the pump for evacuation,
• g) evacuating the second CO ₂ absorption device and the third CO ₂ absorption device,
• h) heating the second solid of the second CO ₂ absorption device and the third solid of the third CO ₂ absorption device.

The effect of this connection is that the already warm gases CO ₂ and water vapor are then passed from the second CO ₂ absorption device into the third CO ₂ absorption device and the heat of the gas flow is also used to carry out the desorption in the third CO ₂ - To optimize absorption device.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for unloading and loading a CO ₂ absorption device with a particulate solid. For this purpose, a suction device is initially connected to the corresponding flange in order to remove the particulate solid. A filling system is then connected to the flange in order to introduce the particulate solid into the CO ₂ absorption device with the aid of a gas stream. This not only allows for easy replacement during normal maintenance, but replacement is even possible during crew deployment. This increased safety during a long submerged mission. At the same time, the entire system can be made smaller and lighter because the redundancy is not only created by the number of CO ₂ absorption devices, but also by the possibility of replacing the solid during a mission.

• 1 Schaltplan
• 2 Querschnitt durch eine CO₂-Absorptionsvorrichtung

The submarine according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings.

• 1 circuit diagram
• 2 Cross section through a CO ₂ absorption device

In 1 a circuit diagram is shown. For example, the submarine has three CO ₂ absorption devices 10 here. The CO ₂ absorption devices 10 are only shown schematically here and are shown in FIG 2 shown. All CO ₂ absorption devices 10 are advantageously designed in the same way.

In the example shown, the submarine has a cold fluid supply 110 , a hot fluid supply 120 and a medium-temperature fluid supply 130 . The cold fluid supply 110 is, for example, a cooling water system with a temperature of 15° C., which is used for boat-wide cooling systems, for example. The hot fluid supply 120 comprises, for example, water at 160°C under pressure. In addition, the submarine has a medium temperature fluid supply 130 which can be used, for example, as a heat recovery device.

As a result, the energies during cooling and heating can be better used thanks to an additional temperature level.

There is also a circulating air inlet 160 and a circulating air outlet 170 . The ambient air is fed in via the circulating air inlet 160 in order to separate CO ₂ and then to be fed back into the ambient air via the circulating air outlet 170 . For safety reasons, an ammonia filter 140 can be arranged in front of the circulating air outlet 170, since there is a possibility that ammonia could be released from the solid 20 through decomposition, which would be dangerous for the crew. The ammonia filter 140 serves to exclude this risk.

Furthermore, the submarine has two water ring pumps 150 connected in parallel. Two are only necessary for reasons of redundancy in order to ensure functionality even if one water ring pump 150 fails.

In 2 A cross section through a CO ₂ absorption device 10 can be seen. Disposed within a shell 40 is a solid 20, for example an amine functional polymer, in the form of beads approximately 1 mm in diameter. In normal operation, the ambient air of the submarine is introduced through the gas inlet 50, CO ₂ is bound in the solid 20 and the CO ₂ -depleted gas mixture is released back into the ambient air through the gas outlet 60, optionally via a downstream ammonia filter. The particulate solid is held between the two by an upper constraint member 70 and a lower constraint member 80 in the absorbent layer. For this purpose, the upper delimiting element 70 and the lower delimiting element 80 are designed in the form of grids with a mesh size of approximately 0.5 mm and a wire thickness of approximately 0.02 mm. A heat exchange device 30 is arranged in a lamellar manner in the absorption layer and is therefore in contact with the solid 20. As a result, the solid can be cooled during regular operation during the absorption of the CO ₂ , heated during desorption during regeneration and after desorption and before renewed Supply of air to be cleaned are also cooled. For this purpose, warm or cold water, for example and preferably, flows through the heat exchange device 30 depending on the application. In order to achieve higher temperatures, for example 150° C., the heat exchange device 30 is designed accordingly for high water pressures.

Reference List

10

CO ₂ absorption device

20

solid

30

heat exchange device

40

Covering

50

gas inlet

60

gas outlet

70

upper limit element

80

lower boundary element

90

vertical structures

100

pneumatic conveyor

110

cold fluid supply

120

hot fluid supply

130

medium temperature fluid supply

140

Ammonia filter

150

water ring pump

160

recirculation inlet

170

recirculation outlet

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102008015150 B4 [0005]
• DE 102018212898 A1 [0006]

Claims (9)

Submarine with at least a first CO ₂ absorption device (10), a second CO ₂ absorption device (10) and a third CO ₂ absorption device (10), wherein the CO ₂ absorption devices (10) each have a shell (40), a Solid matter (20) for absorbing carbon dioxide and a heat exchange device (30), each heat exchange device (30) having a heat exchange fluid inlet and a heat exchange fluid outlet, the submarine having a hot fluid supply (120) and a cold fluid supply (110), each CO ₂ - Absorption device (10) has a gas inlet (50), the gas inlet (50) being arranged on one side of the solid (20) and the heat exchange device (30), each CO ₂ absorption device (10) having a gas outlet (60). , wherein the gas outlet (60) on the other side of the solid (20) and the heat exchange device (30) is arranged, wherein through the gas inlet (50) to ambient air can be performed, whereby through the gas outlet (60) CO ₂ -depleted gas can be supplied to the ambient air, wherein the gas outlet (60) can be connected to a pump for evacuation, the first CO ₂ absorption device (10), the second CO ₂ absorption device (10) and the third CO ₂ absorption device (10) can be operated independently of one another in an absorption mode and a desorption mode. submarine after claim 1 , characterized in that the submarine has a heat recovery device for recovering the heat of the heat exchange fluid. submarine after claim 2 , characterized in that the heat recovery device comprises a storage device with connections to the heat exchange fluid outlets for storing high temperature heat exchange fluid discharged from a heat exchange fluid outlet and connections to the heat exchange fluid inlets. submarine after claim 2 , characterized in that the heat recovery device comprises a connection between the heat exchange fluid outlet of a first CO ₂ absorption device (10) and the heat exchange fluid inlet of a second CO ₂ absorption device (10). Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas outlets of the CO ₂ absorption devices (10) can be connected to a water ring pump (150). Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid (20) is particulate, the submarine having a pneumatic conveying device (100) for the solid (20). A method of operating CO ₂ absorbers (10) in a submarine as claimed in any preceding claim, the method comprising the steps of: a) selecting a first CO ₂ absorber (10), preferably in which desorption of carbon dioxide has been completed , b) selecting a second CO ₂ absorption device (10), preferably in which the absorption of carbon dioxide has been completed and in which the desorption is now to be carried out, c) transferring the heat exchange fluid from the first heat exchange device (30) to the first CO ₂ - Absorption device (10) in the second heat exchange device (30) of the second CO ₂ absorption device (10). procedure after claim 7 , characterized in that the transfer in step c) takes place via a storage device. Procedure according to one of Claims 7 until 8th , characterized in that the following steps are additionally carried out: d) selecting a third CO ₂ absorption device (10), preferably in which the absorption of carbon dioxide has been completed, in which the desorption is now to be carried out, e) connecting the second gas outlet (60) the second CO ₂ absorption device (10) to the third gas inlet (50) of the third CO ₂ absorption device (10), f) connecting the third gas outlet (60) of the third CO ₂ absorption device (10) to the pump for evacuating, g) evacuating the second CO ₂ absorption device and the third CO ₂ absorption device (10), h) heating the second solid (20) of the second CO ₂ absorption device (10) and the third solid (20) of the third CO ₂ absorption device (10).

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