DE102013212956A1 - Cell of an energy storage device for a vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The cell (1) of an energy storage device (20) for a vehicle (10) comprises a sensor (3-7) which is arranged completely inside the cell (1). The sensor (3-7) is configured to detect a chemical or physical size of the cell (1).

Description

The present invention relates to the cell of an energy storage device for a vehicle, an energy store, which is constructed from these cells, and a system which comprises a cell according to the invention and / or an energy store according to the invention.

The determination of a state of charge (SOC) of a vehicle battery is carried out according to the prior art on the basis of measurements of the current and the voltage of the battery. This determination of the state of charge is carried out in modules, wherein a module is a subunit of the battery to understand. A battery module consists of several (for example 4 to 12) battery cells.

The present invention has as its object to improve the determination of the condition of a vehicle battery.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a cell of an energy store according to claim 1, by an energy store according to claim 9 and by a system according to claim 10. The dependent claims define preferred and advantageous embodiments of the present invention.

In the context of the present invention, a cell of an energy storage device for a vehicle is provided. In this case, the cell comprises a sensor which is arranged completely inside the cell. The sensor is designed to detect a chemical or physical size of the cell in order to derive a particular state of the cell based on this variable.

By placing the sensor completely within the cell (i.e., within the cell housing), advantageously no housing feedthroughs are required to connect the portion of the sensor located within the cell to the portion of the sensor external to the cell. In addition, the sensor is advantageously protected against external mechanical and chemical influences, for example during transport of the cell or during assembly of the cell. Since the sensor is located inside the cell, the chemical or physical size of the cell can advantageously be detected directly inside the cell.

In this case, a sensor is understood in particular to mean a device which records the physical or chemical quantity in the form of measured values and forwards these measured values as electrical signals. Accordingly, since the sensor is within the cell (i.e., within the cell housing), the conversion of the readings into electrical signals also takes place within the cell.

Based on its measuring properties, the sensor can be constructed in one part or in several parts and can only comprise one sub-sensor system or several sub-sensor systems.

Under the cell of an energy storage is understood to be the smallest energy storage unit of the energy storage, which has two electrodes and is interchangeable in principle. Several cells are usually combined to form a module, wherein the energy store usually again comprises several modules. During manufacture, the cells are produced and then electrically connected to form a module.

• • Eine Gaszusammensetzung im Inneren der Zelle. Im Lauf der Alterung der Zelle, beispielsweise aufgrund einer kalendarischen Alterung oder aufgrund einer Zyklenalterung, verändert sich die Zusammensetzung des Gases im Zellgasraum (Zellheadspace) signifikant. Während bei den üblichen Herstellungsverfahren einer Batteriezelle die Gaszusammensetzung direkt nach der Herstellung im Zellgasraum der Zelle der Zusammensetzung der Umgebungsluft in einem Trockenraum (z.B. 78% N₂, 21% O₂, 1 % Ar) entspricht, kommt es im Zellgasraum einer gealterten Zelle je nach der Elektrolytzusammensetzung der Zelle zu einer entsprechenden Anreicherung von beispielsweise CO₂, CO, C₂H₂, CH₄, O₂ und/oder florierten Kohlenwasserstoffen. Anhand der Gaszusammensetzung kann beispielsweise der Alterungszustand (SOH („State Of Health“)) der Zelle ermittelt werden.
• • Einen Gasdruck im Inneren der Zelle. Infolge der Zellalterung kommt es zu einer fortschreitenden Zersetzung von flüssigem Batterieelektrolyt der Zelle. Reaktionsprodukte dieser Zersetzungsreaktionen sind neben volumenmäßig geringen Mengen von Feststoffen signifikante Mengen von Gasen, insbesondere von Kohlendioxyd (CO₂). Diese Gase führen in einem gasdichten Zellgehäuse der Zelle zu einem entsprechenden Druckanstieg.
• • Eine Volumenänderung eines Festkörperanteils der Zelle. Im geladenen Zustand weist die Anode (z.B. Graphit) ein um ca. 10 % höheres Volumen auf als im ungeladenen Zustand der Zelle. Das Erfassen der Volumenänderung des Festkörperanteils (z. B. der Anode) dient demnach insbesondere der Ermittlung des Ladezustands (SOC) der Zelle. Mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Auswertealgorithmus kann anhand der erfassten Volumenänderung (insbesondere über das Erfassen einer dauerhaften Volumenzunahme, beispielsweise aufgrund von irreversiblen Ioneneinlagerungen in die Elektroden der Zelle) auch der Alterungszustand (SOH) der Zelle ermittelt werden,
• • Eine Kraft, welche auf einen Festkörperanteil der Zelle einwirkt. Die vorab beschriebene Volumenänderung führt auch zu der Kraft, welche auf den Festkörperanteil der Zelle einwirkt.
• • Eine chemische Zusammensetzung einer Anode der Zelle. Feste Zersetzungsprodukte scheiden sich beispielsweise auf der Oberfläche der Anode der Zelle ab und bilden dort die so genannte Anodendeckschicht („Solid-Electrolyte Interphase“ SEI). Das Wachstum der Anodendeckschicht verläuft dabei in der Regel proportional zur Alterung der Zelle, insbesondere proportional zu der Zyklenalterung.
• • Eine Verfärbung eines Elektrolyts der Zelle. Infolge der Zellalterung kommt es zu einer fortschreitenden Zersetzung von flüssigem Batterieelektrolyt der Zelle. Dies führt wiederum zu einer Verfärbung des Batterieelektrolyts, welche sich meist in einer auffälligen Gelb- oder Braun-Färbung, in jedem Fall in einer Dunkelfärbung, darstellt.
• • Eine elektrische Spannung zwischen Anode und Katode der Zelle. Anhand des Spannungsverlaufs über der Zeit kann der Zustand der Zelle bestimmt werden.
• • Ein elektrischer Strom innerhalb der Zelle. Meist wird der Strom durch die Elektroden der Zelle gemessen. Anhand des Stromverlaufs über der Zeit kann der Zustand der Zelle bestimmt werden.
• • Eine Temperatur innerhalb der Zelle. Anhand des Temperaturverlaufs über der Zeit kann der Zustand der Zelle bestimmt werden.

In particular, the sensor is designed such that the sensor detects at least one of the following chemical or physical quantities:

• • A gas composition inside the cell. As the cell ages, for example due to calendar aging or due to aging of the cycle, the composition of the gas in the cell gas space (cell headspace) changes significantly. While in the usual manufacturing process of a battery cell, the gas composition directly after production in the cell gas space of the cell corresponds to the composition of the ambient air in a dry room (eg 78% N ₂ , 21% O ₂ , 1% Ar), it comes in the cell gas space of an aged cell ever according to the electrolyte composition of the cell to a corresponding enrichment of, for example, CO ₂ , CO, C ₂ H ₂ , CH ₄ , O ₂ and / or thriving hydrocarbons. On the basis of the gas composition, for example, the state of health (SOH (State of Health)) of the cell can be determined.
• • A gas pressure inside the cell. As a result of cell aging, there is a progressive decomposition of liquid battery electrolyte of the cell. Reaction products of these decomposition reactions are in addition to small amounts of solids in volume significant amounts of gases, in particular of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ). These gases result in a gas-tight cell housing of the cell to a corresponding increase in pressure.
• • A volume change of a solid fraction of the cell. When charged, the anode (eg graphite) has an approximately 10% higher volume than in the uncharged state of the cell. The detection of the change in volume of the solids content (eg of the anode) thus serves, in particular, to determine the state of charge (SOC) of the cell. With With the aid of a suitable evaluation algorithm, it is also possible to determine the aging state (SOH) of the cell on the basis of the detected volume change (in particular by detecting a permanent increase in volume, for example due to irreversible ion deposits in the electrodes of the cell),
• • A force acting on a solid portion of the cell. The above-described volume change also leads to the force which acts on the solids content of the cell.
• • A chemical composition of an anode of the cell. Solid decomposition products separate, for example, on the surface of the anode of the cell and form there the so-called anode-electrolyte layer ("solid-electrolyte interphase" SEI). The growth of the anode cover layer is usually proportional to the aging of the cell, in particular proportional to the cycle aging.
• • Discoloration of an electrolyte of the cell. As a result of cell aging, there is a progressive decomposition of liquid battery electrolyte of the cell. This in turn leads to a discoloration of the battery electrolyte, which is usually in a striking yellow or brown color, in any case in a dark color.
• • An electrical voltage between the anode and cathode of the cell. Based on the voltage curve over time, the state of the cell can be determined.
• • An electrical current inside the cell. Mostly the current through the electrodes of the cell is measured. Based on the current over time, the state of the cell can be determined.
• • A temperature within the cell. Based on the temperature profile over time, the state of the cell can be determined.

In order to power the sensor, the sensor is connected in particular to the anode and cathode of the cell.

For this purpose, the sensor on the inside of the cell can be contacted with the cell electrodes (cell poles, arresters) in order to supply energy via these cell electrodes. Thus, the sensor is advantageously supplied quasi with the energy of the cell, so that no additional implementation of the cell housing is necessary for energy supply.

In addition, the sensor is connected, in particular for data transmission, with the cell electrodes (the anode and cathode) of the cell in order to transmit measured values of the detected chemical or physical quantity via the cell electrodes.

If the data transmission takes place via the cell electrodes, advantageously no radio technology or the like is necessary. For data transmission to an evaluation unit cell and module connectors are used in addition to the electrodes. The data transmission can take place on separate frequency bands, so that the data transmission and high current (actual load current of the cell to the consumer) can take place simultaneously on the same conductors (cables or busbars). Even if several battery cells are assigned to the same control unit, each cell can be individually assigned its own transmission frequency (or its own frequency band), so that the chemical or physical size of the respective cell can be individually evaluated or assigned, if necessary.

The sensor may include a strain gauge. When the cell is a cylindrical cell with housing wound into a jelly roll, the strain gauge may be disposed in a circle between the housing and the electrode coil.

In other words, the strain gauge is tangentially mounted within the housing around the electrode coil (eg, glued or wound). Due to the technology, other positions for the strain gauges are also possible.

Similarly, the sensor may include a force sensor (e.g., piezo sensor). This force sensor can be arranged between the electrode winding and the housing. Due to the technology, other positions for the force sensor are also possible.

In addition, the sensor may include a gas composition sensor and / or a pressure sensor. When the electrodes of the cell extend along the central axis from the base surface of the housing, it is possible for the gas composition sensor and / or a pressure sensor to be disposed at a certain distance from the central axis of the cylindrical cell inside the base surface or the top surface is. Due to the technology, other positions for the gas composition sensor and / or pressure sensor are also possible.

The sensor may also include an optical reflection sensor. When the electrodes of the cell extend along the central axis from the top surface of the housing, it is possible for the optical reflection sensor to be located at a certain distance from the central axis of the cylindrical cell, in the vicinity of the base surface or the top surface. there corresponds to a distance of not more than 10% of the length of the cell from the base to the top surface in the vicinity of the base surface or top surface. Due to the technology, other positions for the optical reflection sensor are also possible.

It should be noted that the cell may have a cylindrical hard casing or a prismatic hard casing. The cell may also be a prismatic foil cell (a so-called pouch cell). Of course, other designs can be used. The position of the respective sensor and also the respective sensor itself are adapted according to the housing shape of the cell and the design of the cell.

In the context of the present invention, an energy store is provided which comprises a plurality of cells according to the invention. In this case, the sensor of each of these cells is designed to transmit measured values of the chemical or physical quantity detected within the respective cell with the aid of an individual frequency, so that, for example, the measured values of the respective cell can be assigned by a control unit on the basis of the frequency.

In the context of the present invention, a system is also provided which comprises a cell according to the invention and / or an energy store according to the invention. In addition, the system comprises an evaluation device in order to derive a state (in particular a state of charge of the cell and / or an aging state of the cell) depending on the chemical or physical size of the cell.

In other words, the individual state of each cell can advantageously be determined by the evaluation device on the basis of the acquired measured values of the chemical or physical quantity.

Finally, in the context of the present invention, a vehicle is provided which comprises a cell according to the invention, an energy store according to the invention and / or a system according to the invention.

The present invention is particularly intended for use in motor vehicles. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this preferred application, since the present invention is also applicable to ships, aircraft track-bound or track-guided vehicles. In addition, the present invention can also be used in stationary energy storage.

In the following, the present invention with reference to preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures is described in detail.

In 1 a cell according to the invention is shown with a strain gauge and a force sensor.

In 2 is the in 1 illustrated cell in perspective with different positions for the strain gauge and the force sensor.

In 3 is one of the in 2 shown cell having positions for a gas composition sensor shown.

In 4 is one of the in 2 illustrated cell similar cell according to the invention shown with positions for a pressure sensor.

In 5 is one of the in 2 illustrated cell similar cell according to the invention shown with positions for an optical reflection sensor.

6 schematically shows a vehicle according to the invention with a system according to the invention.

In 1 is a battery cell according to the invention 1 shown in cross section. The wound, cylindrical cell 1 has an electrode winding 11 on, which with a cathode 30 and an anode 40 the cell 1 and a separator or release material 12 in a housing 2 the cell 1 is arranged. The electrode winding 11 is formed by the release material 12 , an anode 40 (or a cathode 30 ), a release material 12 and a cathode 30 (or an anode 40 ) are stacked and then rolled up.

The cathode 30 and the anode 40 are formed by active material 34 . 44 a lithium metal oxide, carbon or carbon composite on one side or both sides of a substrate 32 . 42 is layered. Outside is an outer separator 14 around the electrode winding 11 wound, and inside there is an inner separator 13 , which additionally as the innermost turn of the electrode coil 11 is arranged.

Since the anode in the charged state has a higher volume than in the uncharged state, this leads to an increase in a diameter of a 1 shown wound, cylindrical cell 1 , The change of the diameter can be done by a tangential to the electrode winding 11 the cell 1 attached Strain gauges 3 , which detects the change of the diameter based on a change in length, are measured. The strain gauge 3 is inside the case 2 but around the electrode winding 11 mounted around, wherein this attachment can be realized by gluing or winding.

In addition to or instead of the strain gauge 3 can be a force sensor 4 (For example, a piezoelectric sensor) are arranged. With this force sensor 4 may be due to the volume change of the electrode angle 11 resulting force F, which is directed radially outward, are measured.

In 2 is the in 1 in cross-section cell 1 in perspective with anode 40 and cathode 30 shown. It can be seen that the strain gauge 3 and the force sensor 4 within the cell housing 2 at various positions, which are based on the along the central axis of the cylindrical cell 1 distinguished measured length, can be arranged.

• • Ein planar integriertes Mikromassenspektrometer (PIMMS) mit einer Grundfläche von beispielsweise 1 cm². Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass eine fortschreitende Zellalterung infolge fortschreitender Elektrolytzersetzung zu einer Veränderung des Zellgasraumes führt. Alle vorab für die fabrikneue oder gealterte Zelle genannten Verbindungen, die zumindest teilweise gasförmig vorliegen, können mittels eines zellintern angebrachten PIMMS in-situ nachgewiesen und/oder bestimmt werden. Die so ermittelte Gaskonzentration von ein oder mehreren Spezies, welche vorab für die fabrikneue oder gealterte Zelle beschrieben sind, ist ein Maß für die Zellalterung.
• • Eine ausreichend miniaturisierte Gaschromatographie mit einem massenselektiven Detektor (MSD), einem Thermal Conductivity Detektor (TCD), einem Flammenionisationsdetektor (FID), und/oder einem Elektroneneinfangdetektor (ECD). Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass eine fortschreitende Zellalterung infolge fortschreitender Elektrolytzersetzung zu einer Veränderung des Zellgasraumes führt. Alle vorab für die fabrikneue oder gealterte Zelle genannten Verbindungen, die zumindest teilweise gasförmig vorliegen, können mittels eines zellintern angebrachten GC/MS (Gas-Chromatographen/ Massenspektrometer), GC/TCD, GC/FID und/oder GC/ECD in-situ nachgewiesen und/oder bestimmt werden. Die so ermittelte Gaskonzentration von ein oder mehreren Spezies, welche vorab für die fabrikneue oder gealterte Zelle beschrieben sind, ist ein Maß für die Zellalterung.
• • Eine Infrarotabsorptions- oder Ramanspektroskopie. Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass eine fortschreitende Zellalterung infolge fortschreitender Elektrolytzersetzung zu einer Veränderung des Zellgasraumes, besonders aber z.B. zu einer Zunahme des Kohlendioxidpartialdruckes, führt. Darüber hinaus wurde erkannt, dass Kohlendioxid starke Infrarotabsorptionsbanden zeigt und z.B. mittels eines zellintern angebrachten Infrarotabsorptionsspektrometers nachgewiesen und/oder bestimmt werden kann. Der so ermittelte Kohlendioxidpartialdruck ist ein Maß für die Zellalterung.
• • Eine Nernstsonde. Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass einige Alterungsreaktionen in einer Lithium-Ionen-Batterie zur Entstehung von Sauerstoff führen. Erfindungsgemäß können Nernstsonden u.a. zum Nachweis oder der Bestimmung von Sauerstoff eingesetzt werden. Der so ermittelte Sauerstoffpartialdruck ist ein Maß für die Zellalterung.
• • Eine Widerstandssonde. Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass einige Alterungsreaktionen in einer Lithium-Ionen-Batterie zur Entstehung von Sauerstoff führen. Widerstandssonden können u.a. zum Nachweis oder der Bestimmung von Sauerstoff eingesetzt werden. Der so ermittelte Sauerstoffpartialdruck ist ein Maß für die Zellalterung.
• • Ein Ionisationsdetektor. Die Erfinder haben erkannt, dass eine Anreicherung von gasförmigen Spezies, welche vorab für die fabrikneue oder gealterte Zelle beschrieben sind, je nach Alterungsmechanismus zu einer Zu- oder Abnahme der Leitfähigkeit des Gasraumes der Zelle führt. Ionisationsdetektoren können zur Bestimmung der Leitfähigkeit von Gasen eingesetzt werden. Die so ermittelte Änderung der Gasleitfähigkeit ist ein Maß für die Zellalterung.

During cell aging, the composition of the gases in the cell gas space of the cell changes 1 significant. Contains a brand new cell with electrolyte, which comprises, for example, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and lithium hexafluorophosphate, depending on the production mainly gaseous species such as nitrogen, oxygen or argon, it comes in aged cells to an accumulation of gases, such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethene, ethane , Methane, hydrogen or fluorinated carbon (ethyl fluoride, methyl fluoride) and phosphorus compounds (phosphorus oxyfluoride, phosphorus pentafluoride). For the detection and determination of particular (especially the above) species, the following methods can be performed by means of a sensor or following sensors within the cell 1 be used:

• • A planar integrated micro mass spectrometer (PIMMS) with a footprint of, for example, 1 cm ² . The inventors have recognized that progressive cell aging as a result of progressive electrolyte decomposition leads to a change in the cell gas space. All compounds mentioned in advance for the brand-new or aged cell, which are at least partially gaseous, can be detected and / or determined in situ by means of an in-cell PIMMS. The thus determined gas concentration of one or more species previously described for the brand new or aged cell is a measure of cell aging.
• • A sufficiently miniaturized gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector (MSD), a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), a flame ionization detector (FID), and / or an electron capture detector (ECD). The inventors have recognized that progressive cell aging as a result of progressive electrolyte decomposition leads to a change in the cell gas space. All of the compounds previously known for the brand new or aged cell, which are at least partially gaseous, can be detected in situ by GC / MS (Gas Chromatograph / Mass Spectrometer), GC / TCD, GC / FID and / or GC / ECD mounted in-cell and / or determined. The thus determined gas concentration of one or more species previously described for the brand new or aged cell is a measure of cell aging.
• • Infrared absorption or Raman spectroscopy. The inventors have recognized that progressive cell aging as a result of progressive electrolyte decomposition leads to a change in the cell gas space, but especially, for example, to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. In addition, it has been recognized that carbon dioxide shows strong infrared absorption bands and can be detected and / or determined, for example, by means of an intra-cell mounted infrared absorption spectrometer. The determined carbon dioxide partial pressure is a measure of cell aging.
• • A Nernst probe. The inventors have recognized that some aging reactions in a lithium-ion battery lead to the formation of oxygen. According to the invention Nernstsonden can be used, inter alia, for the detection or determination of oxygen. The oxygen partial pressure thus determined is a measure of cell aging.
• • A resistance probe. The inventors have recognized that some aging reactions in a lithium-ion battery lead to the formation of oxygen. Resistance probes can be used, inter alia, for the detection or determination of oxygen. The oxygen partial pressure thus determined is a measure of cell aging.
• • An ionization detector. The inventors have recognized that an enrichment of gaseous species, which are described in advance for the brand new or aged cell, depending on the aging mechanism leads to an increase or decrease in the conductivity of the gas space of the cell. Ionization detectors can be used to determine the conductivity of gases. The resulting change in gas conductivity is a measure of cell aging.

In 3 are positions for a gas composition sensor 5 within the cell housing of a cell according to the invention 1 shown.

As a result of cell aging, there is a progressive decomposition of liquid battery electrolyte. Reaction products of these decomposition reactions are in addition to small amounts of solids in volume significant amounts of gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ). These gases result in a gas-tight cell housing 2 to a pressure increase which can be detected and used as a measure of cell aging (SOC).

• • Ein keramischer Drucksensor (beispielsweise in Dickschicht-Technologie).
• • Ein kapazitiver Drucksensor.

To determine the absolute internal pressure (independent of the external pressure) internal pressure can be used as gas absolute pressure sensors, for example:

• • A ceramic pressure sensor (for example in thick-film technology).
• • A capacitive pressure sensor.

These pressure sensors can be implemented in microsystem technology as a monolithic system (combination of a mechanism (sensor) and an electronics (intelligence)).

In 4 are positions for an absolute pressure sensor 6 within the cell housing 2 a cell according to the invention 1 shown.

In the progressive decomposition of the liquid battery electrolyte occur in addition to gaseous decomposition products and solid decomposition products, which preferably settle on the surface of the anode and there form the so-called anode cover layer (solid-electrolyte interphase). The growth of the anode capping layer (i.e., the thickness of the anode capping layer) has been shown to be proportional to the aging of the cell, particularly proportional to the cycle aging of the cell.

• • Eine Ionenaustauschchromatographie.
• • Einer Atomabsorptionsspektrophotometrie (Flamen-AAS, Graphitrohr-AAS).
• • Inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES, ICP-MS).
• • Eine ionenselektive Elektrode (z.B. eine F-selektive Elektrode).

The solid decomposition products on the anode consist for example of components such as lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium carbonate (Li ₂ CO ₃ ), lithium alkyl carbonate and / or lithium oxide (Li ₂ O). In order to detect and determine the species mentioned above, the following methods can be used ex situ by means of a sensor or the following sensors within the cell 1 be used:

• • An ion exchange chromatography.
• • Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Flamen-AAS, Graphite Tube AAS).
• Inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES, ICP-MS).
• • An ion-selective electrode (eg an F-selective electrode).

In addition, the progressive decomposition of liquid battery electrolyte leads to discoloration of the battery electrolyte. In this case, the dark colored electrolyte discolored also lateral and the cell gas space towards exposed release agent layers, which, for example, in the factory new condition almost white (colorless) and dark with age (SOH) appear. This change in the optical reflection spectrum can be opto-electronically detected with a sensor within the cell during operation and used as a measure of the state of health (SOH) of the cell.

• • Eine optische Mikrosystemtechnik.
• • Ein planeres integriertes Mikromassenspektrometer (PIMMS) mit einer Grundfläche von beispielsweise 1 cm².

For the detection of the optical appearance, the following methods by means of a sensor or the following sensors within the cell 1 be used:

• • An optical microsystem technology.
• • A planar integrated micro mass spectrometer (PIMMS) with a footprint of, for example, 1 cm ² .

In 5 are positions for an optical reflection sensor 7 within the cell housing 2 a cell according to the invention 1 shown. The alignment 17 of the optical reflection sensor 7 is along the central axis of the cylindrical cell 1 to the other end of the cell 1 directed towards.

In 6 schematically is a vehicle according to the invention 10 which is a system according to the invention 50 includes. The system according to the invention 50 in turn comprises a battery according to the invention 20 which several cells of the invention 1 has, and an evaluation 15 ,

The evaluation device 15 detected by the in the respective cell 1 arranged sensor the measured value of physical or chemical size,

By means of in the respective cell 1 arranged sensor, the corresponding physical or chemical size is measured and the corresponding measured values from the evaluation 15 detected. Since each sensor has a different frequency band for transmitting its measured values to the evaluation device 15 used is the evaluation device 15 able to receive the received readings of each cell 1 assigned. Based on the measured values, the evaluation device 15 the state (in particular the state of charge and / or the state of aging) of the respective cell 1 derive and other facilities of the vehicle 10 provide.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 battery cell

2

 cell case

3

 Strain gauges

4

 force sensor

5

 Gas composition sensor

6

 pressure sensor

7

 optical reflection sensor

10

 vehicle

11

 electrode winding

12-14

 separator

15

 evaluation

17

 Alignment of the reflection sensor

20

 energy storage

30

 cathode

32

 substratum

34

 active material

40

 anode

42

 substratum

44

 active material

50

 system

F

 force

Claims (10)

Cell of an energy store ( 20 ) for a vehicle ( 10 ), whereby the cell ( 1 ) a sensor ( 3 - 7 ) which is completely within the cell ( 1 ) is arranged, wherein the sensor ( 3 - 7 ) to a chemical or physical size of the cell ( 1 ) capture. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor ( 3 - 7 ) is designed to detect at least one of the following chemical or physical quantities: a gas composition inside the cell ( 1 ), • a gas pressure inside the cell ( 1 ), • a change in volume of a solid portion of the cell ( 1 ), • a force (F), which depends on a solid fraction of the cell ( 1 ), • a chemical composition of an anode ( 40 ) of the cell ( 1 ), • a discoloration of an electrolyte of the cell ( 1 ), • an electrical voltage between anode ( 40 ) and cathode ( 30 ) of the cell ( 1 ), • an electric current within the cell ( 1 ) and a temperature within the cell ( 1 ). Cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensor ( 3 - 7 ) for supplying energy to the anode ( 40 ) and cathode ( 30 ) of the cell ( 1 ) connected is. Cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor ( 3 - 7 ) for data transmission with the anode ( 40 ) and cathode ( 30 ) of the cell ( 1 ) to transmit measured values of the detected chemical or physical quantity by means of the anode and / or cathode. Cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell is connected to an electrode winding ( 11 ) cylindrical cell ( 1 ) with housing ( 2 ) is that the sensor has a strain gauge ( 3 ), which is circular between the housing ( 2 ) and the electrode winding ( 11 ) is arranged. Cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell is connected to an electrode winding ( 11 ) cylindrical cell ( 1 ) with housing ( 2 ) is that the sensor is a force sensor ( 4 ), which between the housing ( 2 ) and the electrode winding ( 11 ) is arranged. Cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell is a wound cylindrical cell ( 1 ) with housing ( 2 ) is that electrodes ( 30 . 40 ) of the cell along the central axis of a base and a top surface of the metal housing ( 2 ) that the sensor comprises a gas composition sensor ( 5 ) and / or a pressure sensor ( 6 ), which is spaced from the central axis inside of the base or the top surface is arranged. Cell according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cell is a wound cylindrical cell ( 1 ) with housing ( 2 ) is that electrodes ( 30 . 40 ) of the cell along the central axis of a base and a top surface of the metal housing ( 2 ) that the sensor is an optical reflection sensor ( 7 ) spaced apart from the central axis disposed inwardly adjacent the base or top surface. Energy storage, which several cells ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor ( 3 - 7 ) each of the cells ( 1 ) is configured to transmit measured values of the detected chemical or physical quantity by means of an individual frequency, so that based on the frequency, the measured values of the respective cell ( 1 ) can be assigned. System which is a cell ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1-8 and / or an energy store ( 20 ) according to claim 9, wherein the system ( 50 ) an evaluation device ( 15 ) depending on the chemical or physical size of the cell ( 1 ) a state of the cell ( 1 ).

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