DE102013210503B4 - Vehicle with an internal combustion engine and two electric machines - Google Patents
Vehicle with an internal combustion engine and two electric machines Download PDFInfo
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- DE102013210503B4 DE102013210503B4 DE102013210503.7A DE102013210503A DE102013210503B4 DE 102013210503 B4 DE102013210503 B4 DE 102013210503B4 DE 102013210503 A DE102013210503 A DE 102013210503A DE 102013210503 B4 DE102013210503 B4 DE 102013210503B4
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/08—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing being of friction type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Fahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor, der eine Kurbelwelle aufweist, wobei an einem ersten Ende der Kurbelwelle eine Antriebsscheibe angeordnet ist, welcher einen Zugmitteltrieb, insbesondere einen Riementrieb, antreibt, eine erste elektrische Maschine vorgesehen ist. Die erste elektrische Maschine ist mit dem Zugmitteltrieb gekoppelt und die zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie vorgesehen. An einem dem ersten Ende abgewandten zweiten Ende der Kurbelwelle ist ein Zahnrad angeordnet. Ferner ist eine zweite elektrische Maschine vorgesehen, die zumindest in manchen Betriebszuständen des Verbrennungsmotors mit dem Zahnrad gekoppelt ist. Die zweite elektrische Maschine ist ein Starter-/Generator, der bei abgestelltem Verbrennungsmotor zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors und zumindest in manchen Betriebszuständen des Verbrennungsmotors zum Erzeugen elektrischer Energie vorgesehen ist.Vehicle with an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft, wherein at a first end of the crankshaft, a drive pulley is arranged, which drives a traction mechanism, in particular a belt drive, a first electric machine is provided. The first electric machine is coupled to the traction drive and provided for generating electrical energy. At a second end remote from the first end of the crankshaft, a gear is arranged. Furthermore, a second electric machine is provided, which is coupled to the gear at least in some operating states of the internal combustion engine. The second electric machine is a starter / generator, which is provided with the engine off to start the engine and at least in some operating conditions of the internal combustion engine for generating electrical energy.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
Zum relevanten Stand der Technik zählen die
Die meisten Fahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotor weisen einen 12-Volt-Generator (Lichtmaschine) zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie auf. Manche Fahrzeuge im Luxussegment sind sogar mit zwei 12-Volt-Generatoren ausgestattet. Der Verbau von zwei Generatoren scheitert bei vielen Fahrzeugen jedoch an dem hierfür erforderlichen Bauraum.Most internal combustion engine vehicles have a 12 volt generator (alternator) for generating electrical energy. Some vehicles in the luxury segment are even equipped with two 12-volt generators. However, the construction of two generators fails in many vehicles on the space required for this purpose.
Parallelhybridfahrzeugkonzepte weisen üblicherweise eine zwischen dem Verbrennungsmotor und dem Getriebeeingang angeordnete elektrische Maschine auf. Sofern zwischen der elektrischen Maschine und dem Getriebeeingang eine Kupplung angeordnet ist, kann die elektrische Maschine bei abgestelltem Fahrzeug auch als Starter zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors verwendet werden. Derartige elektrische Maschinen arbeiten jedoch nicht bei einer Betriebsspannung von 12 Volt, sondern in einem Spannungsbereich von mehreren Hundert Volt (so genannter „Hochvoltbereich”), da derartige elektrische Maschinen dazu vorgesehen sind, den Verbrennungsmotor elektromotorisch zu unterstützen bzw. im Falle eines sogenannten „Fullhybrids” das Fahrzeug rein elektrisch anzutreiben. Im elektromotorischen Betrieb ist die elektrische Maschine dann direkt mit der Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors gekoppelt, d. h. die Drehzahl der elektrischen Maschine entspricht der Kurbelwellendrehzahl.Parallel hybrid vehicle concepts usually have an electric machine arranged between the internal combustion engine and the transmission input. If a clutch is arranged between the electric machine and the transmission input, the electric machine can also be used as a starter for starting the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is turned off. However, such electrical machines do not operate at an operating voltage of 12 volts, but in a voltage range of several hundred volts (so-called "high voltage range"), since such electrical machines are intended to support the engine by electric motor or in the case of a so-called "full hybrid "Driving the vehicle purely electrically. In electric motor operation, the electric machine is then directly coupled to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, d. H. the speed of the electric machine corresponds to the crankshaft speed.
Bei Fahrzeugen mit einem Zwölfvoltbordnetz könnte durch die Integration eines zweiten Generators das „Niedervolt-Rekuperationspotential” deutlich verbessert werden.In vehicles with a twelve-volt on-board network, the integration of a second generator could significantly improve the "low-voltage recuperation potential".
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, mit möglichst geringem konstruktivem Aufwand das Rekuperationspotential eines Fahrzeugs zu erhöhen.The object of the invention is to increase the recuperation potential of a vehicle with the least possible constructive effort.
Ausgangspunkt der Erfindung ist ein Fahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor, der eine Kurbelwelle aufweist. An einem ersten Ende (z. B. vorderes Ende) der Kurbelwelle ist eine Antriebsscheibe angeordnet, welche einen Zugmitteltrieb, insbesondere einen Riementrieb, antreibt. Im Fall eines Riementriebs handelt es sich bei der Antriebsscheibe entsprechend um eine Riemenscheibe.The starting point of the invention is a vehicle with an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft. At a first end (eg, front end) of the crankshaft, a drive pulley is arranged, which drives a traction mechanism drive, in particular a belt drive. In the case of a belt drive, the drive pulley is accordingly a pulley.
Mit dem Zugmitteltrieb gekoppelt ist eine erste elektrische Maschine, die zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie vorgesehen ist. Die erste elektrische Maschine kann auch als Generator bzw. Lichtmaschine bezeichnet werden.Coupled to the traction mechanism is a first electric machine, which is provided for generating electrical energy. The first electric machine can also be referred to as generator or alternator.
An einem dem ersten Ende der Kurbelwelle abgewandten zweiten Ende der Kurbelwelle ist ein Zahnrad angeordnet. Ferner ist eine zweite elektrische Maschine vorgesehen, die zumindest in machen Betriebszuständen (siehe unten) des Verbrennungsmotors mit dem Zahnrad gekoppelt ist. An einem Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine kann beispielsweise ein Ritzel vorgesehen sein, das unmittelbar mit dem mit der Kurbelwelle gekoppelten Zahnrad kämmt. Alternativ dazu könnte zwischen dem Rotor der elektrischen Maschine und der Kurbelwelle auch noch eine weitere Übersetzung und/oder eine Kupplung und/oder ein Freilauf angeordnet sein, was jedoch nicht zwingend der Fall sein muss.At a second end of the crankshaft facing away from the first end of the crankshaft, a gear is arranged. Further, a second electric machine is provided, which is coupled to the gear at least in operating states (see below) of the internal combustion engine. On a rotor of the second electric machine, for example, a pinion can be provided which meshes directly with the gear coupled to the crankshaft. Alternatively, a further ratio and / or a clutch and / or a freewheel could be arranged between the rotor of the electric machine and the crankshaft, but this need not necessarily be the case.
Der Kern der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die zweite Maschine als Starter-Generator fungiert. Die zweite elektrische Maschine ist somit einerseits dazu vorgesehen, den Verbrennungsmotor zu starten. Andererseits ist sie dazu vorgesehen, in Schubphasen des Fahrzeugs als Generator zu arbeiten und elektrische Energie zu erzeugen. Im generatorischen Betrieb wird die zweite elektrische Maschine somit vom Verbrennungsmotor (d. z. B. im Schubbetrieb läuft) mitgeschleppt, wodurch kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs in elektrische Energie umgewandelt werden kann.The essence of the invention is that the second machine acts as a starter generator. The second electric machine is thus intended, on the one hand, to start the internal combustion engine. On the other hand, it is intended to work as a generator in overrun phases of the vehicle and to generate electrical energy. In regenerative operation, the second electric machine is thus carried along by the internal combustion engine (that is, for example, in overrun operation), as a result of which kinetic energy of the vehicle can be converted into electrical energy.
Diese auf den ersten Blick sehr einfach erscheinende Idee hat den großen Vorteil, dass im Fahrzeug ein zweiter Generator (zweite elektrische Maschine) untergebracht werden kann, ohne dass hierfür zusätzlicher Bauraum benötigt wird. Der bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugen vom Startermotor eingenommene Bauraum kann zur Unterbringung eines „intelligenten” Startergenerators genutzt werden. Da sich die Betriebsdrehzahlbereiche der ersten elektrischen Maschine und der zweiten elektrischen Maschine aufgrund der deutlich unterschiedlichen Übersetzungen des Riementriebs und der „Starterübersetzung” deutlich unterscheiden, kann in nahezu allen Drehzahlbereichen des Verbrennungsmotors ein hoher Rekuperationswirkungsgrad und insgesamt ein deutlich höheres Rekuperationspotential als mit nur einer im Riementrieb angeordneten elektrischen Maschine erreicht werden, ohne dass zusätzlicher Bauraum benötigt wird.This idea, which seems very simple at first glance, has the great advantage that a second generator (second electric machine) can be accommodated in the vehicle without the need for additional installation space. The space occupied by the starter motor in conventional vehicles can be used to accommodate a "smart" starter generator. Since the operating speed ranges of the first electric machine and the second electric machine significantly differ due to the significantly different ratios of the belt drive and the "starter ratio", can in almost all speed ranges of the engine, a high Rekuperationswirkungsgrad and overall a significantly higher Rekuperationspotential than with only one in the belt drive arranged electrical machine can be achieved without additional space is needed.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist zwischen der Kurbelwelle und der zweiten elektrischen Maschine eine „Entkoppelungseinrichtung” vorgesehen, mittels der die zweite elektrische Maschine vom Verbrennungsmotor abkoppelbar ist. Bei der Entkoppelungseinrichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Kupplung oder um einen Freilauf handeln, über den sichergestellt wird, dass die zweite elektrische Maschine nur in einem vorgegebenen Drehzahlband mit der Kurbelwelle gekoppelt ist.According to a development of the invention, a "decoupling device" is provided between the crankshaft and the second electric machine, by means of which the second electric machine can be decoupled from the internal combustion engine. The decoupling device may be, for example, a clutch or a freewheel, which ensures that the second electric machine is coupled only in a predetermined speed band with the crankshaft.
Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass die zweite elektrische Maschine nur in einem Drehzahlbereich unterhalb einer vorgegebenen Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle mit dem Verbrennungsmotor gekoppelt ist (z. B. unterhalb bzw. bis zu einer Kurbelwellendrehzahl von 2000 U/min) und in einem Drehzahlbereich oberhalb der vorgegebenen Drehzahl von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgekoppelt ist (z. B. oberhalb einer Kurbelwellendrehzahl von 2000 U/min). Dies kann beispielsweise mittels eines elektrisch bzw. elektronisch durch eine Steuerungseinrichtung ansteuerbaren und somit schaltbaren Freilaufs bzw. mit einer entsprechend schaltbaren Kupplung erreicht werden. Die Entkoppelungseinrichtung kann z. B. zwischen der Kurbelwelle und dem auf der Kurbelwelle angeordneten Zahnrad angeordnet sein. Alternativ dazu kann die Entkoppelungseinrichtung auch zwischen einem auf der Rotorwelle der zweiten elektrischen Maschine angeordneten Ritzel und der Rotorwelle der zweiten elektrischen Maschine angeordnet sein.For example, it can be provided that the second electric machine is coupled to the internal combustion engine only within a rotational speed range below a predetermined rotational speed of the crankshaft (eg below or up to a crankshaft rotational speed of 2000 rpm) and in a rotational speed range above the predetermined one Speed is decoupled from the internal combustion engine (eg above a crankshaft speed of 2000 rev / min). This can be achieved for example by means of an electrically or electronically controllable by a control device and thus switchable freewheel or with a correspondingly switchable coupling. The decoupling device can, for. B. between the crankshaft and arranged on the crankshaft gear can be arranged. Alternatively, the decoupling device can also be arranged between a pinion arranged on the rotor shaft of the second electric machine and the rotor shaft of the second electric machine.
Um mit einer 12-Volt-Maschine den Verbrennungsmotor starten zu können, ist es erforderlich bzw. von Vorteil, wenn zwischen der Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors und der zweiten elektrischen Maschine eine entsprechend große Übersetzung vorgesehen ist. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass die „Starterübersetzung” so bemessen ist, dass in einem Zustand, in dem die zweite elektrische Maschine mit dem Verbrennungsmotor gekoppelt ist, die Drehzahl der zweiten elektrischen Maschine mindestens 20-mal so groß ist, wie die Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle (Starterübersetzung größer oder gleich 20:1).In order to start the engine with a 12-volt engine, it is necessary or advantageous if between the crankshaft of the engine and the second electric machine, a correspondingly large translation is provided. For example, it may be provided that the "starter ratio" is dimensioned such that in a state in which the second electric machine is coupled to the internal combustion engine, the rotational speed of the second electric machine is at least 20 times as large as the rotational speed of the crankshaft (Starter ratio greater than or equal to 20: 1).
Bei vielen herkömmlichen Fahrzeugen liegt die Starterübersetzung sogar im Bereich von circa 30:1.In many conventional vehicles, the starter ratio is even in the range of about 30: 1.
Die Übersetzung zwischen der Kurbelwelle und der ersten elektrischen Maschine hingegen ist viel geringer. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Drehzahl der elektrischen Maschine mindestens doppelt so groß ist, wie die Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle.The ratio between the crankshaft and the first electric machine, however, is much lower. For example, it may be provided that the rotational speed of the electric machine is at least twice as large as the rotational speed of the crankshaft.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung handelt es sich bei den beiden elektrischen Maschinen um „Niedervoltmaschinen”, d. h. um elektrische Maschinen, die im Generatorbetrieb eine elektrische Spannung im Bereich zwischen 12 und 15 Volt, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen 12 und 14 Volt erzeugen. Bei der zweiten elektrischen Maschine kann es sich beispielsweise um eine permanent erregte Synchronmaschine handeln.According to a development of the invention, the two electrical machines are "low-voltage machines", d. H. to electrical machines that produce an electrical voltage in the range between 12 and 15 volts, in particular in the range between 12 and 14 volts in generator mode. The second electric machine may be, for example, a permanently excited synchronous machine.
Mit der Erfindung werden insbesondere folgende Vorteile erreicht:
- – Sicherstellung sämtlicher Ladebilanzanforderungen unter Ausnutzung von Standardbauräumen.
- – Es ist kein zusätzlicher Bauraum für die zweite elektrische Maschine erforderlich, da diese anstelle der bei herkömmlichen Fahrzeugen vorgesehen Startermotoren verwendet wird.
- – Höheres CO2-Potenzial, insbesondere bei Einsatz von Hochleistungs-Rekuperationsspeichern, wie z. B. Litium-Ionen-Speicher.
- - Ensuring all charging balance requirements using standard space.
- - There is no additional space for the second electric machine required because it is used in place of the starter motors provided in conventional vehicles.
- - Higher CO 2 potential, especially when using high-performance recuperation storage, such. B. lithium ion storage.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige
An einem dem ersten Ende der Kurbelwelle
Bei abgestelltem Verbrennungsmotor
Im Schubbetrieb des Fahrzeugs kann die zweite elektrische Maschine
Wie aus
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Citations (2)
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DE19705610A1 (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Starting- or drive-unit for motor vehicle IC engine |
DE102004021317A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-24 | S-Y Systems Technologies Europe Gmbh | On-board network and switch for a vehicle electrical system |
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DE19705610A1 (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Starting- or drive-unit for motor vehicle IC engine |
DE102004021317A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-24 | S-Y Systems Technologies Europe Gmbh | On-board network and switch for a vehicle electrical system |
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