DE102013017120B4 - Installation element for permanent room dehumidification - Google Patents

Abstract

Built-in element (16) for permanent room dehumidification with a diffusion-open panel inside (1) and a diffusion-open panel outside (6), whereby between the diffusion-open panel inside (1) and the diffusion-open panel outside (6) a frame with a climate membrane (2) and a mineral wool filling (9) arranged between a delimiting grille inside (3) and a delimiting grille outside (5) are present, the built-in element (16) being made airtight, the mineral wool filling (9) open to water vapor diffusion and the climate membrane being airtight and open to water vapor diffusion.

Description

The invention relates to a built-in element for permanent room dehumidification according to claim 1. The requirements for modern building in terms of energy efficiency require the building envelope to be airtight. The natural exchange of air that is hindered by this inevitably leads to an increase in the relative humidity of the air without additional measures in the rooms used. In connection with cold component surfaces, this leads - in this order - to the formation of condensation, an increase in surface moisture and finally to an increase in the risk of mold or mold infestation. A built-in element is presented that allows permanent room air dehumidification completely independent of the knowledge and behavior of the room users and independent of building technology actively operated with external energy.

Terms

humidity

The air [m ³ ] can only contain a certain amount of water vapor [g]. This amount depends on the air temperature. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of water vapor that can be absorbed. The maximum amount of water vapor that can be absorbed is called the saturation amount. Excess water vapor inevitably precipitates as liquid water (condensation water, previously: sweat or condensation water). The relative humidity describes the ratio of the amount of water vapor present to the amount of saturation.

Example:

$$\begin{array}{l}\text{Air temperature}\mathrm{20th}°\mathrm{C.}=>\text{Saturation amount:}17.3{\text{g / <figure-callout id="3" label="m" filenames="DE102013017120B4\_0004.png" state="{{state}}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\text{3}}\text{, relative humidity}60\%\text{at}\\ \mathrm{20th}°\mathrm{C.}=>\text{17th}{\text{, 3 g / <figure-callout id="3" label="m" filenames="DE102013017120B4\_0004.png" state="{{state}}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\text{3}}\cdot 0.6=\text{10}{\text{, 4 g / <figure-callout id="3" label="m" filenames="DE102013017120B4\_0004.png" state="{{state}}">m</figure-callout>}}^{\text{3}}.\end{array}$$

Cooling of the air to 12 ° C: the amount of saturation has been reached, as the air at 12 ° C can only absorb a maximum of 10.4 g / m ³ . Here the transition in nature is z. B. to be recognized by fog / clouds.

Further cooling of the air to 10 ° C (saturation amount 9.4 g / m ³ ) 9.4 - 10.4 => 1 g of water vapor is converted into water and precipitates. This can be recognized in nature as dew / rain (precipitation).

Condensation can also occur when room air, which is warm in itself, meets cold boundary surfaces and cools there in a thin layer, as can easily be seen from a single window in winter.

Material moisture

The relationship between air temperature and the amount of water that can be absorbed was addressed. There was an indication of condensation on cold surfaces. A cold surface is therefore the inevitable place where humidity can “fail”. A longer exposure time to moisture can lead to the absorption of water inside porous components. Long-term 80% relative humidity is adequate moisture for mold growth (in addition "food supply" and responding temperature and _pH value, and the spores themselves are constantly and available everywhere).

Water vapor pressure

The water content of the air is - almost directly proportional - connected to a water vapor pressure. Warm, humid air has a higher water vapor pressure than cold, dry air. The physically based inevitable pressure equalization leads to the penetration, penetration and re-emergence of the water vapor (diffusion) in the component from the inside to the outside. When the temperature gradient is tracked, temperatures occur in every wall that result in falling below the dew point. A continuously built outer wall evaporates the resulting condensate to the outside at the same speed as water vapor penetrates from the inside. There is no water in the form of dripping liquid within the wall cross-section.

The aim must therefore be to prevent such sudden changes in temperature in each section within the component thickness at which the locally generated amount of condensation water is so great that it is not transported to the outside.

A component structure in which diffusion-open thermal insulation is attached can serve as a negative example. The wall outside the thermal insulation (e.g. inner surface of the brick layer) is no longer heated by room temperature, but is subject to the incoming water vapor. The formation of condensation on the separating layer of the inner thermal insulation / brick is provoked and dangerous because it occurs in a concentrated manner on one level. It is dangerous because it is invisible inside the wall structure.

Climate membrane

Gore-Tex®

Gore-Tex ^® is the trade name of WL Gore & Associates, Newark, Delaware, for a membrane made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or trade name: Teflon ^® ) which is impermeable to water but which is open to vapor diffusion and which is used to manufacture functional textiles.

In 1969, the US chemist Robert W. Gore discovered a novel process for processing polytetrafluoroethylene. This process consisted, in part, of mechanically expanding the PTFE to create a microporous membrane called the ePTFE membrane.

functionality

Only small amounts of the polymer are needed to create this airy, lattice-like structure. ePTFE is used in various forms for gas and liquid filtration, in sealing technology and for medical implants. But the best known are the Gore-Tex® functional textiles.

Water vapor permeability

Water droplets are around 20,000 times larger than the pores in a Gore-Tex ^® membrane. This is why the membrane is very tight against water and wind. However, body moisture is let through as water vapor, so it is breathable. When they were launched on the market in 1976, Gore-Tex ^® textiles were the first waterproof and windproof textiles that were vapor-permeable and thus allowed the evaporation (diffusion) of evaporated sweat, which is extremely important for the body's temperature regulation.

Gore-Tex-XCR ^® (extended comfort range), which was introduced commercially in 2000, is suitable for an application area with higher requirements in terms of durability and breathability. In contrast to Gore-Tex ^® clothing, more powerful membrane technology and particularly durable textiles are used here. In the meantime, XCR has been replaced by Gore-Tex ^® Pro Shell.

The undergarment must also support the membrane by allowing sweat to be transported instead of being absorbed. Cotton is therefore not recommended, synthetic fibers or fine wool such as B. Merino wool.

maintenance

The pores of Gore-Tex ^® clothing could be closed by residues of powder detergent. It is therefore recommended to use liquid detergent. Gore-Tex ^® clothing can be sensitive to tumble dryers, which is why the information on the textile care symbols must be observed.

Products

There are currently five different categories in outerwear. All of them are equally wind and waterproof.

• Gore-Tex ^® Performance Shell

The membrane and the outer fabric are firmly connected to each other. The (mostly mesh) lining hangs loosely inside. Performance Shell is characterized by a high level of comfort.

• Gore-Tex ^® Paclite Shell

Instead of a lining, the membrane has a breathable protective layer on the inside. This makes Paclite ^® , as the name suggests, very light and packable. On the other hand, the fabric is much less abrasion-resistant, making it z. B. not suitable for heavy backpacks.

• Gore-Tex ^® Pro Shell

Pro Shell is designed for use in the most adverse conditions. The membrane is laminated to a layer with the very robust outer material and an equally insensitive inner lining. This makes the fabric a bit firm, creating the typical “rustling” of a hardshell.

• Gore-Tex ^® Soft Shell

Soft Shell is also a 3-layer construction. The laminated inner lining consists of a thin fleece or flannel layer. The main advantage is a very high level of comfort due to the soft lining and the lower rustling compared to a hardshell.

In addition, Gore-Tex ^® Soft Shell is the only Gore-Tex ^® laminate that is really warm thanks to the lining. However, this makes it really only suitable for cold seasons. Breathability is also somewhat limited by the rather thick construction.

• Gore-Tex ^® Active Shell

The latest category from Gore ^® offers greatly increased breathability, which is achieved through a thinner membrane and a special process that integrates the inner lining directly into the membrane. Further advantages are the resulting low weight and greater comfort when the garment is worn directly on the skin (“next-to-skin comfort”).

Manufacturing

In the manufacture of the multi-layer Gore-Tex ^® textile laminates, the ePTFE membrane is permanently and flexibly glued ("laminated") to textiles, usually polyester or polyamide. These Gore-Tex ^® laminates are then processed into clothing parts (jackets, pants, shoes, gloves). The seams are sealed with special sweat tapes. Since processing into high-quality, durable clothing items requires special know-how and machines, Gore-Tex ^® laminates are only sold to certified processing companies.

use

Nowadays, Gore-Tex ^® membranes are used in practically all types of outerwear and also in shoes to make the parts of off-road equipment waterproof.

In bicycle technology, Gore ^® offers particularly low-maintenance gear and brake cables, in which a Gore-Tex ^® layer is applied between the Bowden cable and the outer shell, which on the one hand protects the system against splash water and also makes the cables run particularly smoothly.

In medicine, Gore-Tex ^® implants and patch materials are used in cardiovascular surgery for vascular prostheses, for hernial sac formation (hernias) and in ophthalmic surgery for deep corneal ulcers.

criticism

As with all materials that contain halogenated hydrocarbons, disposal is problematic with Gore-Tex ^® .

Sympatex®

Sympatex ^® (trademark of Sympatex® Technologies GmbH) is a functional textile originally developed by Enka-Glanzstoff-AG in Wuppertal, which is permeable to water vapor, but not to liquid Water. It is an approx. 5 to 25 µm thick membrane that is applied (= laminated) to a textile carrier material and protects clothing and shoes from moisture.

The Sympatex ^® membrane, unlike Gore-Tex ^® , for example, does not contain any pores. It consists of harmless polyetherester, a chain of polyester and polyether molecules, and is therefore environmentally and skin-friendly and recyclable like a PET bottle. Many membranes are made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), the manufacture, landfill and incineration of which can release compounds that are considered to be ecologically problematic.

The high breathability is ensured by hydrophilic molecular building blocks in the otherwise hydrophobic membrane. The hydrophilic (water-attracting) components of the Sympatex ^® membrane absorb moisture from the body and release it to the outside through evaporation: Through a physico-chemical process, the water vapor molecules created by transpiration are transported to the outside along the molecular chains - as in a billiard system. This effect increases with the difference in temperature and humidity between the membrane sides. The greater the temperature and humidity difference between inside and outside, the more humidity is conducted through the membrane.

The effectiveness increases as required: the more you sweat, the more moisture the membrane can transport to the outside. According to the Hohenstein Institute, the Sympatex ^® membrane exceeds the classification "very good" (Ret <6) = extremely breathable with a Ret of <1.5.

Even dirt particles or surfactants contained in detergents do not restrict the function of the Sympatex ^® membrane in any way, since, in contrast to a porous membrane (e.g. Gore-Tex ^® and eVent ^® ), there are no pores that could be damaged or clogged . The Sympatex ^® membrane therefore offers an excellent, permanent barrier against the ingress of water while maintaining good breathability. At the same time, with a thickness of 5 µm, it is the thinnest membrane in the world. With an elasticity of more than 300%, it also offers optimal freedom of movement in every situation.

Sympatex ^® reflection is a variant in which the Sympatex ^® membrane is vaporized with 3 µm aluminum. This creates a heat reflecting effect. The aluminum vapor deposition can reflect up to 80% of the incident thermal radiation. Thanks to the gentle steaming process, the moisture transfer function is preserved. So far, the reflection membrane has mainly been used in the clothing industry, in shoe soles and winter clothing, but also as insulation on water beds.

The current building regulations expect buildings to be airtight.
Requirements DIN 4108-2: 2003-07:
Requirements for the airtightness of external components

In the case of joints in the heat-transferring surrounding area of the building, especially in the case of continuous joints between prefabricated parts or between infills and the supporting structure, it must be ensured that these joints are sealed permanently and impermeably according to the state of the art (see also DIN 18540).

Components or component layers assembled from individual parts (e.g. wooden formwork) must take into account DIN V 4108-7 be made airtight.

The airtightness of components can decrease DIN EN 12114 , from buildings to DIN EN 13829 (see also references). The joint permeability coefficient of component connection joints derived from the measurement results must be less than 0.1 m ³ / mh (daPa ^2/3 ).

The requirements apply to windows and balcony doors DIN 18055 . In the case of external doors, the joint permeability coefficient must be a ≤ 2.0 m ³ / mh (daPa ^2/3 ), as there is a functional joint. Minimum requirements for thermal protection in the area of thermal bridges

Avoidance of extremely low internal surface temperatures

In their thermal area of influence, thermal bridges can lead to significantly lower room-side surface temperatures and condensation and mold formation as well as increased transmission heat losses. In order to reduce the risk of mold formation through constructive measures, the requirements specified below must be observed. Uniform heating and Adequate ventilation of the rooms and largely unhindered air circulation on the outer wall surfaces are required.

Measures to avoid the formation of mold

Corners of external components with a similar structure, the individual components of which meet the requirements of Table 3, do not require separate verification. All structural, shape-related and material-related thermal bridges, which are listed as an example in DIN 4108 Supplement 2, are sufficiently thermally insulated. There is no need to provide additional evidence. For all constructions that deviate from this, the temperature _factor at the most unfavorable point must meet the minimum requirement f _Rsi ≥ 0.70, ie a room-side surface temperature of Θ _si ≥ 12.6 ° C must be maintained under the boundary conditions specified below. Windows are exempt. DIN ISO 13788 applies to them.

Ordinance on energy-saving thermal insulation and energy-saving system technology in buildings (Energy Saving Ordinance - EnEV)

• (1) Zu errichtende Gebäude sind so auszuführen, dass die wärmeübertragende Umfassungsfläche einschließlich der Fugen dauerhaft luftundurchlässig entsprechend den anerkannten Regeln der Technik abgedichtet ist.
• Die Fugendurchlässigkeit außen liegender Fenster, Fenstertüren und Dachflächenfenster muss den Anforderungen nach Anlage 4 Nr. 1 genügen.
• Wird die Dichtheit nach den Sätzen 1 und 2 überprüft, kann der Nachweis der Luftdichtheit bei der nach § 3 Absatz 3 und § 4 Absatz 3 erforderlichen Berechnung berücksichtigt werden, wenn die Anforderungen nach Anlage 4 Nummer 2 eingehalten sind.
• (2) Zu errichtende Gebäude sind so auszuführen, dass der zum Zwecke der Gesundheit und Beheizung erforderliche Mindestluftwechsel sichergestellt ist.

To § 6 EnEV (regulation) tightness, minimum air exchange; amended by Ordinance of April 29, 2009 (BGBI I p. 954):

• (1) Buildings to be erected are to be designed in such a way that the heat-transferring surrounding surface including the joints is permanently airtight in accordance with the recognized rules of technology.
• The joint permeability of external windows, French doors and skylights must meet the requirements of Annex 4 No. 1.
• If the tightness is checked in accordance with sentences 1 and 2, the proof of airtightness can be taken into account in the calculation required in accordance with Section 3 (3) and Section 4 (3) if the requirements in accordance with Appendix 4 number 2 are met.
• (2) Buildings to be constructed are to be designed in such a way that the minimum air exchange required for health and heating purposes is ensured.

Today's requirements for energy-efficient construction include not only good thermal insulation properties of the components adjoining the outside air, but also the requirement for airtightness.

In a building that is used by people to stay, water vapor is generated. As an example, a water vapor amount of 10 kg / day can be assumed for a four-person household, which here essentially arises from body evaporation and evaporation of the water from watering plants, kitchen and bathroom use and laundry.

The atmospheric air can only absorb a limited amount of water vapor, depending on the temperature. This amount is referred to as the water vapor saturation concentration c _s [g / m ³ ].
25 ° C: 22.97 g / m ³
20 ° C: 17.25 g / m ³
15 ° C: 12.80 g / m ³
10 ° C: 9.38 g / m ³

Air at a temperature of 20 ° C. with 60% relative humidity therefore contains = 17.25 g / m ³ · 0.60 = 10.35 g / m ³ water vapor.

The water vapor saturation concentration c _s [g / m ³ ] is coupled to the water vapor saturation pressure p _s [Pa]; the relative humidity c _D [g / m ³ ] is coupled to the water vapor partial pressure p _D [Pa].

In principle, the following statement applies: high temperature and high water vapor content = high water vapor partial pressure; low temperature and low water vapor content = low water vapor partial pressure. The calculation of the water vapor saturation pressure p _s [Pa] is based on the approximation equation $${\text{p}}_{\text{s}}\left[\text{Pa}\right]=\text{288}\text{, 68}\cdot {\left(1.098+\text{Q}/100\right)}^{\text{8th}\text{, 02}}.$$

verläuft also gleichwertig mit dem Relativitätswert der Luftfeuchte.
100% Luftfeuchte = 100% Wasserdampfdruck
60% Luftfeuchte = 60% Wasserdampfdruck (60% vom Sättigungsdruck)The calculation of the water vapor partial pressure p _D [Pa] takes place according to the approximation equation $${\text{p}}_{\text{D.}}\left[\text{Pa}\right]={\text{c}}_{\text{D.}}\cdot {\text{p}}_{\text{s}}/\mathrm{100,}$$

is therefore equivalent to the relativity value of the air humidity.
100% humidity = 100% water vapor pressure
60% humidity = 60% water vapor pressure (60% of saturation pressure)

For heated rooms it can be assumed that the water vapor partial pressure inside is greater than in the (colder) outside air. Example: Saturation pressure Partial pressure Inside: 20 ° C / 50% RH 2338.19 Pa 1169.10 Pa Outside: 10 ° C / 80% RH 1229.25 Pa 983.40 Pa <1169.10 Pa 5 ° C / 80% RH 873.27 Pa 698.62 Pa - "- 0 ° C / 80% RH 612.23 Pa 489.78 Pa - "- 0 ° C / 60% RH 612.23 Pa 367.34 Pa - "-

During the heating season it can be reliably assumed that there is always a vapor pressure gradient from the inside to the outside.

The water vapor produced due to the causes described in [0043] is permanent. It is necessary to permanently separate this water vapor from the room air.

Apart from the heating and ventilation regime expected of the user or an electromechanical ventilation system, previous efforts to cope with the problem with increased water vapor content are limited to protecting the component itself while maintaining the - apparently unavoidable - high water vapor content. In particular, they describe the regularity of component design according to the principle of "making the inside vapor-tight" and "outside diffusion-open", in order to enable less water vapor to enter the component than can exit on the inside and thus no water "in drip-liquid form “(Condensation) occurs inside the component itself. Here, especially with the phrase "inside vapor-tight", a task that is often too complicated for the building contractor can be recorded, as countless examples from incorrectly installed vapor barrier films show. The built-in element described is based on the tried and tested experience from historical buildings with permanent room dehumidification due to the design (see [0054]).

The basic idea behind the built-in element is not coping with the problems of modern building with dogmatically accepted high water vapor content, but reducing the high water vapor content.

• • Undichte Innentüren zu kalten Nebenräumen und undichte Fenster zur kalten Außenluft führten zum „Abwandern“ des Wasserdampfes aus dem geheizten Wohnraum.
• • Öfen saugten die notwendige Verbrennungsluft durch undichte Fenster an. Diese kalte Außenluft - mit relativ geringer Wasserdampfmenge [g/m³] - erwärmte sich und konnte so zusätzlichen Wasserdampf aus der Raumluft aufnehmen, bevor sie zum Schornstein hinaustransportiert wurde.
• • Die Außenwand-Baustoffe waren im Durchschnitt dampfdurchlässiger, als sie es heute mit Dampfbremsfolien, Stahlbeton und Wärmedämm-Verbundsystemen sind.

In earlier times, the water vapor was permanently removed by the leaks in the building due to the natural water vapor pressure equalization:

• • Leaky interior doors to cold adjoining rooms and leaky windows to the cold outside air led to the "migration" of the water vapor from the heated living space.
• • Stoves sucked in the necessary combustion air through leaky windows. This cold outside air - with a relatively small amount of water vapor [g / m ³ ] - warmed up and was able to absorb additional water vapor from the room air before it was transported out to the chimney.
• • The building materials for the outer walls were on average more permeable to vapor than they are today with vapor barrier foils, reinforced concrete and thermal insulation composite systems.

The patent GB 2,436,864 A follows this problem by providing tubular wall openings. In order to reduce drafts in gusty winds, alternate here with the Pipe length that corresponds to the wall thickness, layers of insulation and air with a common effect as a diffuser that reduces the air speed. A consistent air / wind tightness is not given. The solution presented also provides a mechanism that allows the pipe openings to be completely closed using a manual slide.

Thus: The statements made under [0042] and [0043] form a conflict with one another.

• • Stoß- und/oder Querlüftung durch mehrminütiges Fensteröffnen. Diese Maßnahme ist nach Meinung der Fachwelt im regelmäßigen Intervall-Turnus von weniger als fünf Stunden durchzuführen. Erschwert wird dies für den Raumnutzer durch die heute üblichen großen einflügeligen Fenster, die nach innen aufschlagen und somit vor Öffnen ein Abräumen der Fensterbank erfordern. Völlig unmöglich wird dies bei längerer Abwesenheit der Nutzer der Räume. Dem Raumnutzer wird zugemutet, die notwendigen manuellen Lüftungsintervalle im Wesentlichen zu kennen und einzuhalten
• • Eine kontrollierte Lüftungsanlage, die mit Wärmerückgewinnung ausgestattet sein sollte. Hierzu ist aus hygienischen Gründen ein regelmäßiges Reinigungsregime notwendig. Hierzu ist zusätzliche Elektroenergie notwendig. Dem Raumnutzer wird zugemutet, die Funktionsweise dieser Anlage im Wesentlichen zu kennen und die Wartungsintervalle einzuhalten.

The requirement for airtightness as a quality feature for modern building requires additional measures to avoid the increase in the relative room humidity that is inevitable due to the use of the room:

• • Intermittent and / or cross ventilation by opening the window for several minutes. In the opinion of experts, this measure should be carried out at regular intervals of less than five hours. This is made more difficult for the room user by the large single-sash windows that are common today, which open inwards and thus require the window sill to be cleared before opening. This becomes completely impossible if the users of the rooms are absent for a longer period of time. The room user is expected to essentially know and adhere to the necessary manual ventilation intervals
• • A controlled ventilation system that should be equipped with heat recovery. For hygienic reasons, a regular cleaning regime is necessary. Additional electrical energy is required for this. The room user is expected to know how this system works and to adhere to the maintenance intervals.

The task is to develop a room air dehumidification system that works reliably, substantially maintenance-free and permanently, completely independent of the room user and that meets the requirements for airtightness, i.e. H. the requirements for energy-efficient construction according to the - not questionable - introduced technical building regulations are still fully met.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

Climate membranes have the property of being permeable to water vapor molecules, but of being reliably impermeable to water in drip-liquid form - even in the finest mist droplets. Complete windproofness is also guaranteed. These climate membranes are mainly used in so-called functional clothing for outdoor use, such as B. Clothing for motorcyclists. Here they help to provide reliable protection against wind and rain without allowing moisture to build up due to evaporation of body moisture. This property is to be used here for the water vapor pressure equalization between room and outside air.

1. 1. luftdicht ist,
2. 2. ausreichende Wärmedämmeigenschaften besitzt,
3. 3. keine innere Tauwasserbildung gestattet,
4. 4. ausreichend dampfdiffusionsoffen ist und
5. 5. bei Bedarf statische Aufgaben erfüllen kann.

A built-in element for flat components, in particular exterior walls, is being developed

1. 1. is airtight,
2. 2. has adequate thermal insulation properties,
3. 3. no internal condensation allowed,
4. 4. is sufficiently open to vapor diffusion and
5. 5. Can perform static tasks if necessary.

• (Die Querschnittsabmessungen (Dicke) des Einbauelementes entsprechen der Wanddicke einschließlich Putz.)

For this purpose, a functional built-in element structure z. B. to be implemented as follows:

• (The cross-sectional dimensions (thickness) of the built-in element correspond to the wall thickness including plaster.)

1. a) diffusionsoffene Blende innen 1 (1)
2. b) Luftzwischenraum innen 17 (1)
3. c) Klimamembran (1)
4. d) Luftzwischenraum Mitte 18 (1)
5. e) Begrenzungsgitter innen 3 für Mineralwollefüllung 9 (1)
6. f) Mineralwollefüllung 9 (1).
7. g) Begrenzungsgitter außen 5 für Mineralwollefüllung 9 (1)
8. h) diffusionsoffene Blende außen 6 (1)

zu a) Die diffusionsoffene Blende innen 1 ist an der Außenbauteil-Innenoberfläche sichtbar. Sie kann aus einer gelochten Platte bestehen; sie kann aus einer mit Luftabstand - seitlich offen - vorgesetzten geschlossenen Verblendplatte bestehen. Beides kann mit dem Oberflächenmaterial der angrenzenden Flächen beschichtet sein. Die Einbauelement-Gesamtdicke richtet sich u. a. nach der Wahl der Verblendung.
zu b) Der Luftzwischenraum innen 17 dient lediglich der Verhinderung der Berührungsgefahr von Blende innen 1 und Klimamembran bei Luftdruckunterschieden zwischen innen und außen aufgrund von Windbeaufschlagung. Er kann bereits in der Blende innen 1 oder dem Rahmen mit Klimamembran 2 mit realisiert sein.
zu c) Die Klimamembran ermöglicht die Winddichtigkeit des Einbauelementes 16 bei gleichzeitiger Wasserdampf-Durchlässigkeit.
zu d) Der Luftzwischenraum Mitte 18 dient lediglich der Verhinderung der Berührungsgefahr von Mineralwolle und Klimamembran bei Luftdruckunterschieden zwischen innen und außen aufgrund von Windbeaufschlagung. Er kann bereits im Rahmen mit Klimamembran 2 oder dem Begrenzungsgitter innen 3 mit realisiert sein.
zu e) Das Begrenzungsgitter innen 3 dient der Fixierung der Mineralwollefüllung 9 an der Innenseite.
zu f) Die Mineralwollefüllung 9 besitzt die Eigenschaft, der Dampfdiffusion keinen merkbaren Widerstand entgegenzusetzen und in Bezug auf die Dicke der angrenzenden Baustoffe überdurchschnittliche Wärmedämmwerte vorweisen zu können. Die Grundvoraussetzung dieser Eigenschaften, die vollkommene Materialtrockenheit, ist durch die Blende außen 6 und das nach außen gerichtete Quergefälle - ggf. mit unterer zusätzlicher Aufkantung - des Einbauelementes 16 gewährleistet. Innerhalb der Mineralwollefüllung 9 kann ein Statikrahmen 4 (gemäß 1 mittig eingebaut) zur Ertüchtigung des Einbauelementes 16 zur Aufnahme von Querkräften vorgesehen sein. Das Material und seine Verarbeitung müssen für die Übernahme statischer Aufgaben geeignet sein.
zu g) Das Begrenzungsgitter außen 5 dient der Fixierung der Mineralwollefüllung 9 an der Außenseite. zu h) Die diffusionsoffene Blende außen 6 ist an der Außenfassade sichtbar. Sie kann aus einer gelochten Platte bestehen; sie kann aus einer mit Luftabstand - seitlich offen - vorgesetzten geschlossenen Verblendplatte bestehen. Beides kann mit dem Oberflächenmaterial der angrenzenden Flächen beschichtet sein. Die Einbauelement-Gesamtdicke richtet sich u. a. nach der Wahl der Verblendung.
Eine Deckelplatte 7 ist rau gestaltet zum direkten Aufsetzen der nach oben weiterführenden Außenwand. Eine knick- und beulsichere Ausführung derselben gestattet die Aufnahme von Biegedruckkräften z. B. beim Einsatz als Ein-Feld-Sturzträger. Eine thermische Trennung zwischen Innen und Außen ist bei gut wärmeleitendem Material notwendig.
Eine Bodenplatte 8 ist rau gestaltet zum direkten Aufsetzen auf die von unten kommende Außenwand. Die Eignung für Material-Zugspannung gestattet die Aufnahme von Biegezugkräften z. B. beim Einsatz als Ein-Feld-Sturzträger. Eine thermische Trennung zwischen Innen und Außen ist ebenfalls bei gut wärmeleitendem Material notwendig.Installation element cross-section from inside to outside:

1. a) diffusion-open panel inside 1 ( 1 )
2. b) air gap inside 17th ( 1 )
3. c) climate membrane ( 1 )
4. d) Air gap in the middle 18th ( 1 )
5. e) Boundary grille inside 3 for mineral wool filling 9 ( 1 )
6. f) mineral wool filling 9 ( 1 ).
7. g) Outside boundary grille 5 for mineral wool filling 9 ( 1 )
8. h) diffusion-open screen outside 6 ( 1 )

to a) The diffusion-open screen inside 1 is visible on the inner surface of the outer component. It can consist of a perforated plate; it can consist of a closed facing plate with an air gap - open at the side - in front of it. Both can be coated with the surface material of the adjoining surfaces. The total thickness of the built-in element depends, among other things, on the choice of facing.
to b) The air gap inside 17th only serves to prevent the risk of contact between the inside panel 1 and the climate membrane in the event of differences in air pressure between inside and outside due to the impact of wind. It can already be installed in the cover inside 1 or in the frame with climate membrane 2 be realized with.
to c) The climate membrane enables the built-in element to be windproof 16 with simultaneous water vapor permeability.
to d) The air gap in the middle 18th serves only to prevent the risk of contact between the mineral wool and the climate membrane in the event of air pressure differences between inside and outside due to the impact of wind. He can already in the frame with climatic membrane 2 or the boundary grid inside 3 can also be implemented.
to e) The inner grille 3 serves to fix the mineral wool filling 9 on the inside.
to f) The mineral wool filling 9 has the property of not offering any noticeable resistance to vapor diffusion and of being able to demonstrate above-average thermal insulation values in relation to the thickness of the adjacent building materials. The basic requirement of these properties, the complete dryness of the material, is due to the panel on the outside 6 and the outwardly directed transverse gradient - possibly with additional lower edging - of the built-in element 16 guaranteed. Inside the mineral wool filling 9 can be a static framework 4th (according to 1 installed in the middle) for upgrading the built-in element 16 be provided for absorbing transverse forces. The material and its processing must be suitable for assuming static tasks.
to g) The boundary grille outside 5 serves to fix the mineral wool filling 9 on the outside. to h) The diffusion-open screen outside 6 is visible on the outside facade. It can consist of a perforated plate; it can consist of a closed facing plate with an air gap - open at the side - in front of it. Both can be coated with the surface material of the adjoining surfaces. The total thickness of the built-in element depends, among other things, on the choice of facing.
A cover plate 7th is rough designed for direct placement of the outer wall leading upwards. A kink and buckle-proof design of the same allows the absorption of bending forces z. B. when used as a one-field lintel beam. A thermal separation between inside and outside is necessary with a material that conducts heat well.
A base plate 8th is rough designed to be placed directly on the outside wall coming from below. The suitability for material tensile stress allows the absorption of bending tensile forces z. B. when used as a one-field lintel beam. A thermal separation between inside and outside is also necessary for materials that conduct heat well.

Installation location

The naturally established pressure equalization means that in a climatic area (room) areas of different temperatures also represent areas with different relative water vapor content, but essentially have the same water vapor partial pressure.
Ideal case: A room free from thermally induced air movements
Air layer under the ceiling: 20 ° C / 40.0% relative humidity: 935.3 Pa
Middle air layer: 18.5 ° C / 43.9% relative humidity: 935.1 Pa
Air layer above the floor: 17 ° C / 48.3% relative humidity: 936.2 Pa
Behind built-in furniture: 9.3 ° C / 80.0% relative humidity: 938.25 Pa
(Long-term exposure to a component surface from 80% r. F. leads to an increase in the material moisture that is sufficient for mold to grow.)

From the theoretical point of view, it is therefore also sensibly possible to use the built-in element 16 z. B. to be installed vertically as a side window or door reveal element and to guide the water vapor transport "across the corner" ( 6th ). The water vapor entry surface would thus be ( 6th ) visually separated from the wall surface on the inside and exempted from any painterly repairs to the room. The built-in element is also used on the outer facade 16 inconspicuous as a visually contrasting bottle strip. In this context, the historically proven window hinge can also be used again ( 6th ).

If the stop is dispensed with for reasons of cost, the frame profiles of window and door elements can also provide sufficient space for the built-in element themselves 16 to be used effectively.

This is a decisive factor for the effectiveness of the built-in element 16 So not the installation location, but the difference between the average water vapor partial pressure inside and the water vapor partial pressure outside as well as the finally installed installation element surface. However, heating surfaces and - cold - window surfaces make a zero thermal room impossible. Laboratory tests and practice will first have to find a sensible compromise between cost and efficiency, where the ideal installation location is ultimately.

In any case, the following applies: The width and height of the built-in element 16 are freely selectable. The built-in element 16 can therefore, depending on the design of the housing element as a supporting component such. B. be designed as an outer window lintel beam. It is also possible to use the built-in element 16 to be installed above the window as part of a roller blind box. It is possible to create a self-contained frame consisting of a lintel beam, a reveal on both sides and a sill, or the built-in element directly 16 as a window or door frame profile.

It is also possible to use the built-in element 16 as well as a partial replacement for a top layer of masonry, if the corresponding vertical and diagonal struts in the built-in element housing enable them to be suitable for handling static tasks.

Use

The featured installation element 16 For permanent room dehumidification, the condensation problems arising with the requirements of the DIN thermal insulation and the energy saving ordinance for airtightness with the consequent risk of mold formation can be reduced and thus help to avoid structural damage that is always present for the professional world and can only be avoided with increased effort. And: The user can experience the rooms “without any physical operating instructions” without risk.

The built-in element 16 is structurally very simple. It offers many options for choosing the installation location and adapting it to optical requirements. The built-in element 16 If dimensioned correctly, this means that the so-called “user-defined ventilation” (i.e., window open / window closed every few hours) can be dispensed with, and this also allows the room users to be absent for a longer period of time without having to take the risk of mold into account. And: the built-in element 16 is relatively inexpensive and essentially maintenance-free compared to the electrotechnically operated ventilation system.

(Regarding the passage “Essentially maintenance-free”: Because the climate membrane is a plastic that, based on experience, is always subject to a certain amount of aging, and because at this point in time there is no evidence as to whether and how air pollution (kitchen vapors / candles / tobacco smoke) has a long-term influence on the effectiveness of the climate membrane, the structural solution presented also offers the additional option of using the frame with a climate membrane 2 to exchange. Preferably, the manufacturing industry can agree on a standardized geometry and mounting grid for this.)

The dimensioning aid for the planner must be determined through laboratory tests. This concerns the determination of the suitability of a special membrane type and this concerns guide values for necessary installation element surfaces and reasonable installation locations.

In the new building, the use can easily be realized with the erection of the structure. In the old building, the expenses must be redefined on a case-by-case basis. However, especially when installing new, tight windows in old buildings (i.e. buildings with relatively poor thermal insulation properties of the external walls), the simultaneous occurrence of low external wall-internal surface temperatures with now higher air humidity leads to condensation and the risk of mold. There should be the installation of the installation element 16 for permanent and maintenance-free room dehumidification should always be considered. In particular, half-timbered houses, due to the relatively poor thermal insulation values, have problems with building physics after the installation of new and therefore "tight" windows, which can lead to the destruction of the wooden supporting structure. The appearance of the facade prohibits external insulation here; Interior insulation is technically complicated and therefore expensive. Here you can accept in special cases that poor thermal insulation values are inevitably given, and with the built-in element 16 at least alleviate the upcoming water vapor problems after a window replacement. In this case this could e.g. B. by replacing one or more outer wall compartments in favor of the installation element described 16 respectively. The house's heat balance does not improve significantly; however, the risk of mold and moisture for the wooden building fabric noticeably disappear.

Figure list

• 1 Schematic diagram of cross-section / functional structure Installation element thickness corresponds to approx. Wall thickness Installation element height corresponds to e.g. B. 1 x brick height Material: plastic or metal
• 2 Outline sketch for a frame 10
• 3 Outline sketch for a frame 11 with exterior surfaces
• 4th Basic sketch for a statically acting transverse force frame 12
• 5 Basic sketch for a mounting frame 13 for a climate membrane
• 6th Installation suggestion for an installation element 16 for permanent room dehumidification between window frames 14th and wall masonry 15

List of reference symbols

1

Inner panel: diffusion-open and optically freely configurable. A painterly treatment is only possible if the full water vapor permeability is maintained.

2

Frame with climate membrane: e.g. B. Gore-Tex ^® or Sympatex ^®

3

Boundary grille inside (for the mineral wool filling 9 )

4th

Static frame: Example of an installation arrangement of a static frame (here only 1 x in the middle) for upgrading the built-in element 16 to absorb shear forces. The material and its processing must be suitable for assuming static tasks. Cheaper: Instead of or next to “3” and “5”, ie 2 x spread.

5

Boundary grille outside (for the mineral wool filling 9 , e.g. B. sealed against motive water below)

6th

Outside cover: diffusion-open and visually configurable as desired. A painterly treatment is only possible if the full water vapor permeability is maintained.

7th

Cover plate, rough design for direct placement of the outer wall leading upwards; a kink and buckle-proof design allows the absorption of bending forces z. B. when used as a one-field lintel beam. A thermal separation between inside and outside is necessary with a material that conducts heat well.

8th

Base plate, rough designed to be placed directly on the outside wall coming from below; Suitability for material tensile stress allows the absorption of bending tensile forces z. B. when used as a one-field lintel beam. A thermal separation between inside and outside is necessary with a material that conducts heat well.

9

Mineral wool filling

10

Example of a frame

11

Example of a frame with external surfaces

12

Example of a statically acting transverse force frame

13

Example of a mounting frame for a climate membrane

14th

Window frames

15th

Wall masonry

16

Installation element for permanent room dehumidification

17th

Air gap inside

18th

Air gap in the middle

Claims (9)

Built-in element (16) for permanent room dehumidification with a diffusion-open panel inside (1) and a diffusion-open panel outside (6), whereby between the diffusion-open panel inside (1) and the diffusion-open panel outside (6) a frame with a climate membrane (2) and a mineral wool filling (9) arranged between a delimiting grille inside (3) and a delimiting grille outside (5) are present, the built-in element (16) being made airtight, the mineral wool filling (9) open to water vapor diffusion and the climate membrane being airtight and open to water vapor diffusion. Installation element (16) Claim 1 , characterized in that there is an air gap inside (17) between the panel inside (1) and the frame with climate membrane (2). Installation element (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is an air gap in the middle (18) between the frame with climate membrane (2) and the inner boundary grille (3). Installation element (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame with the climate membrane (2) is arranged to be exchangeable. Installation element (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel inside (1) and / or the panel outside (6) has a diffusion-open coating. Installation element (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installation element (16) is designed according to its installation location with regard to the statics. Installation element (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the panel inside (1) and / or the panel outside (6) is designed as a perforated and / or slotted screen. Installation element (16) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that the panel inside (1) and / or the panel outside (6) is preassembled with a distance left open at the side. Installation element (16) according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th , characterized in that the outer cover (6) is designed to be rainproof for use in sloping roof surfaces.

Images