DE102013007123A1 - Towing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a trailer coupling for a motor vehicle (K), having a coupling arm (11) for coupling a trailer or a rear load carrier, the coupling arm (11) being attached to a vehicle holder (20; 420; 220) which can be fastened or fastened to the motor vehicle (K) ) on the basis of a bearing arranged on the vehicle mount (20; 420; 220) between a use position (G) intended for attaching the trailer or the rear load carrier and a non-use position (N) adjusted closer to the motor vehicle (K) by a first and at least a second Pivot axis is pivotally mounted, a bearing base body (33) of the bearing being arranged in a fixed position on a vehicle mounting part (21; 421; 221) of the vehicle mounting (20; 420; 220) provided for attachment to the motor vehicle (K), on which a first pivot -Bearing element (31; 431, 231) is pivotally mounted, and at least one second S on the first pivoting bearing element (31; 431, 231) Chwenk bearing element which carries the coupling arm (11) is pivotally mounted, the trailer coupling having a fixing device for the fixed fixing of the coupling arm (11) in the use position (G) and / or the non-use position (N), the fixing device having at least one between a fixing position (F) for fixing the coupling arm (11) and a release position (L) in which the coupling arm (11) is movable, fixing element (60) which can be moved and a fixing drive (80) for driving the at least one fixing element (60) having. It is provided that the fixing drive (80) is provided and designed to drive the at least one fixing element (60) into the fixing position (F) and into the release position (L).

Description

The invention relates to a towing hitch for a motor vehicle, comprising a coupling arm for coupling a trailer or a rear load carrier, wherein the coupling arm on a vehicle mount fastened or fastened to the vehicle using a arranged on the vehicle mount bearing between a provided for attaching the trailer or the rear load carrier use position and a non-use position adjusted towards the motor vehicle is mounted so as to be pivotable about a first and at least one second pivot axis, a bearing base body of the bearing being fixedly mounted on a vehicle mounting part of the vehicle mount provided for attachment to the motor vehicle, to which a first pivot bearing element is pivotably mounted , And wherein at the first pivot-bearing element at least a second pivot-bearing element, which carries the coupling arm, is pivotally mounted, wherein the hitch a fixing device for Fixed fixing the coupling arm in the position of use and / or non-use position, wherein the fixing device has at least one between a fixing position for fixing the coupling arm and a release position in which the coupling arm is movable, movable fixing element and a fixing drive for driving the at least one fixing element.

Such a trailer coupling is for example off EP 1 533 149 A1 known. The vehicle mount has z. B. a spherical vehicle mount part in which a spherical pivot bearing element is multi-axially pivotally received. At the bottom of the vehicle mount form-fitting contours and a guide for the pivot bearing element are provided.

However, a release of the positive connection between the pivot bearing element and the vehicle mounting part is difficult, in particular after a prolonged driving operation.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a more manageable trailer coupling.

To solve the problem is provided in a trailer coupling of the type mentioned that the fixing drive is provided and configured for driving the at least one fixing element in the fixing position and in the release position.

The fixing drive expediently acts directly on the at least one fixing element in the direction of the fixing position and the release position. A possibly acting on the at least one fixing element force transmission element or actuator not only sets the fixing in the fixing position, but it also takes active in the direction of the release position.

The fixing drive thus acts bidirectionally, d. H. on the one hand in the fixing position, on the other hand in the release position. Thus, the hitch is, so to speak, actively moved out of the fixing position, for example, unlocked. The handling is much easier.

The fixing drive can be arranged outside or inside the bearing. It is preferred if it is at least partially disposed in an interior of the bearing. For example, the fixing drive with some drive components is located in a space enclosed by the first and second pivot bearing elements.

The at least one fixing element is expediently arranged outside the bearing and can be driven by the fixing drive, which is partially arranged in the interior of the bearing.

Preferably, the at least one fixing element in the release position is in a sense away from the bearing and adjusted in the fixing position in a sense to the camp out.

The at least one fixing element engages, for example, in the fixing position in the second bearing element which carries the coupling arm and / or holds it in a clamping seat there with respect to the vehicle mount.

The fixing drive expediently comprises a force transmission arrangement arranged between the second bearing element carrying the coupling arm and the bearing base body, with at least one force transmission element for driving the at least one fixing element. The power transmission is expediently bidirectional, d. H. that the force transmission element is driven by the fixing drive both in the direction of the release position and in the direction of the fixing position and the force transmission element entrains the at least one fixing element, so that it releases or fixes the coupling arm.

The at least one force transmission element is expediently arranged between the bearing base body and the first bearing element. For example, the at least one force transmission element comprises a sleeve body or a sleeve body extending only over a partial ring or pitch circle, d. H. a sleeve body with a lateral opening or a slot.

The vehicle-holding part expediently comprises a support part, for example in the manner of a flange or a plate or a ring. On opposite sides of the support member is on the one hand the coupling arm bearing second bearing element and on the other hand, the at least one fixing element. Thus, therefore, the fixing element and the second pivot bearing element, as it were, engage on opposite sides of the support part.

It is advantageous if the at least one fixing element can be brought into a clamping position or fixing position, in which it holds and / or clamps the support part and / or the second pivot bearing element in a form-fitting manner.

The first pivot-bearing element is expediently mounted on the bearing base body, which preferably comprises a shaft or a tubular body, pivotally mounted about the first pivot axis. The first and the at least one second pivot bearing element are z to form a universal joint. B. coupled to each other by means of at least one axle element rotatably. But it is also possible that the second pivot-bearing element are mounted on the first pivot-bearing element via spherical surfaces to form a swash bearing or a ball-joint overlapping bearing together.

It is advantageously provided that the fixing device comprises a forceps holder having a first, formed by the at least one fixing element pliers legs and a second pliers legs, which are moved towards each other in the fixing position and fix the bearing the coupling arm bearing element to the vehicle-fixed vehicle mount.

It is a basic idea that a type of pliers or clamp is formed, so that the component to be held and fixed itself, for example, fixed to the vehicle-fixed vehicle mount in the manner of a pliers or by a arranged on the vehicle-fixed vehicle mount pliers bracket so to speak in the pliers is taken to achieve the fixation of the coupling arm in the use position or the non-use position or both.

The concept is readily realizable, for example, in a bearing pivoting about only one axis, but also in a bearing which supports the coupling arm in a multiaxial manner. Furthermore, a pincer-like or staple-like retaining engagement can also be realized with a sliding bearing or a combined pivot sliding bearing.

It is possible that only the first pliers limb is movable for adjustment between the fixing position and the release position of the fixing device, while the second pliers limb remains relatively stationary at this presentation. For example, the first pliers limb can be adjusted to the second pliers limb along a curved path, a linear axis or the like. It is also possible that both pliers legs are actuated in the adjustment between the release position and the fixing position, d. H. that both pliers legs move towards or away from each other.

Furthermore, it is of course possible that more than two pliers legs are present, d. H. that, for example, two pliers legs cooperate with a single other pliers limb, or that two or more pairs of pliers limbs, which are moved towards one another in the fixing position and are moved away from one another in the release position, are provided.

The two pliers legs take in the fixing position a clamping position in which they jam the bearing the coupling arm bearing element with respect to the vehicle-mounted vehicle mount. You could call the pliers legs in the event of a terminal as a clamping leg.

But it is also possible that only a positive connection is made by the pliers, d. H. in that the forceps limbs assume a positive locking position in which at least one forceps limb engages positively with the vehicle mount.

The bearing the coupling arm bearing element forms expediently a pliers leg. It is understood, however, that apart from the bearing element, two pliers legs can be provided, which are movable into the fixing position and / or the release position. The bearing element does not have to form a pliers leg.

An advantageous variant provides that the bearing member carrying the coupling arm is only pivotally movable with respect to the vehicle mount, for example about a first pivot axis and / or multiaxial, that is about a first pivot axis and at least one second pivot axis. Axial, however, or linear, the at least one bearing element, which carries the coupling arm, but firmly. The pliers limb, which is formed by the at least one fixing element, is in this embodiment expediently moved axially, for example along or parallel to one or the pivot axes of the bearing element, between the fixing position and the release position.

This embodiment advantageously provides that the bearing is virtually itself clamped on the vehicle-fixed component, the vehicle mount or the vehicle mount part, or positively fixed or both.

The vehicle-holding part includes, for example, a support member in the manner of a flange or a plate which is arranged between the two tong limbs. At least one of the pliers legs expediently has a form-fitting contour for engagement with a counter-form-fitting contour of the vehicle mount in the fixing position. It is also possible that the pliers legs take the support part so to speak in the pliers, d. H. get stuck at this. Of course, both possible, on the one hand a deadlock, on the other hand, a positive engagement.

The aforementioned support member may be, for example, annular or semi-annular. But it is also possible that one or both of the forceps legs are annular or semi-annular.

It is also possible that a pliers limb comprises a sleeve, which engages in the fixing position in a receptacle on a ring which forms the other pliers limb. In between, a further ring or partial ring may be provided, namely, for example, the aforementioned vehicle-fixed support member.

The at least one fixing element is suitably brought by the fixing drive in a fixing engagement or out of a fixing engagement with the bearing the coupling arm bearing element or a movement-coupled with the bearing element component. This latter component is connected, for example, via a gear to the bearing element, d. H. When this component is fixed, the bearing element is supported on the transmission immovably on the at least one fixing element.

The at least one fixing element forming a pliers limb is expediently non-rotatably connected to the bearing element carrying the coupling arm and linearly displaceable relative to this bearing element for adjustment between the release position and the fixing position, in particular along the first pivot axis or also about a second pivot axis ,

Advantageously, it is provided that the first pivot bearing element is arranged in an interior of the second pivot bearing element and is driven by a pivot drive for adjusting the coupling arm between the use position and the non-use position.

It is a basic idea here that the pivot bearing elements are arranged, so to speak, one inside the other, so that the bearing is very compact. An additional rotary actuator, for example, a motor or manual pivot drive, facilitates operation by the coupling drive between the use position and the non-use position is driven by the pivot drive.

The pivot drive can be arranged within the bearing, so that it drives quasi from inside the inner, first pivot bearing element. But it is also possible that the pivot drive is arranged outside of the bearing, so that it acts from the outside on the components to be driven. As a result, a very cheap retrofitting, for example, a manually operated towing hitch is possible.

Appropriately, it is provided that the first, driven by the pivot drive, for example, based on the driver pivot bearing element entrains the second pivot bearing element. It is also possible that a driver, which is connected to the pivot drive, drives the second pivot bearing element.

Conveniently, a guide assembly for controlling movement and guiding the pivotal movement of the second pivot bearing element about the second pivot axis is present. The second pivot bearing element is thus driven almost directly or indirectly by the pivot drive about the first pivot axis, but is movable relative to the second pivot axis, wherein the guide arrangement ensures that this pivoting movement controlled by the second pivot axis and / or runs out. The coupling arm thus pivots, for example, about the first pivot axis in the manner of a main pivot axis and pivots superimposed about the second pivot axis, thus has a total of two pivoting movements, wherein the guide arrangement provides for the control and coordination of this further pivotal movement.

The guide arrangement is preferably provided on a region remote from the vehicle mount, for example on a head of a bearing base body. Thus, it is expedient if the second pivot-bearing element between the guide assembly and the vehicle mount, at least the vehicle mount part is arranged. It is also possible that the guide arrangement is arranged between, for example, a head region of the bearing base body and the vehicle mount or comprises components arranged there.

Preferably, a driver is provided with the first pivot bearing element rotatably connected and the second, so the outer, pivot bearing element passes through and is in a drive engagement with the rotary actuator. The semi-rotary drive thus acts on the first pivot bearing element, as it were, through the second pivot bearing element and drives it.

It is possible that the opening on the second pivot-bearing element, which is penetrated by the driver, is so large that the driver in the opening has a game, so the opening penetrates with a play of motion and only the first pivot bearing element directly drives. The pivot drive can be in this embodiment also not directly driving the second pivot bearing element driving connection with this second pivot bearing element. The second pivot bearing element could, for. B. be driven by another rotary actuator. It is useful if the first pivot bearing element entrains the second pivot bearing element. The rotary actuator thus drives the first pivot bearing element, which in turn entrains the second pivot bearing element.

It is preferred if the driver is coaxial with the second pivot axis, ie the second gimbal axis.

The driver may for example comprise a kind of bolt projection which projects in front of the first pivot bearing element. The bolt projection can be firmly, in particular rotationally fixed, connected to the first pivot bearing element. But it is also possible that the bolt projection with respect to the second pivot axis is pivotable and / or displaceable.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the driver is formed by an axle element for the pivotable mounting of the second pivot bearing element on the first pivot bearing element. The bearing axis thus forms, for example, at the same time the driver. The axle element may be rotatable or non-rotatable relative to the first or the second pivot bearing element.

The driver is preferably rotatably connected with respect to the first pivot axis with the second pivot bearing element. It is also possible that the driver with respect to the second pivot axis with the second pivot bearing element is rotatably connected.

Conveniently, the driver is connected to a drive component of the pivot drive, for example, the drive body described below, possibly with rotational play about the second pivot axis, but this is not necessary.

The pivot drive expediently comprises an annular body extending around the bearing drive body, which is in rotational driving connection with the first pivot bearing element and is driven by the pivot drive with respect to the first pivot axis. Consequently, therefore, the drive body, for example, a complete ring or a partial ring body rotates about the first axis, taking with it the first pivot bearing element.

It is advantageously provided that the form-fitting contours and counter-form-fitting contours include a longitudinal shape having ribs and grooves for receiving the ribs.

The ribs may for example be provided on the fixing element, the receiving grooves on the counter-holding body or vice versa. But it is also possible that the counter-holding body and the fixing element in each case comprise both, d. H. Ribs and grooves.

It is a basic idea in this trailer coupling that the ribs and receiving grooves have opposite, a longitudinal shape having side edges, ie outer walls and inner walls, so that in the pivoting direction an optimal grip is possible.

The ribs and the associated receiving grooves extend transversely, for example radially, to the adjusting axis. It is understood that the ribs and grooves do not necessarily have to be radial, but can also be at an angle to radial lines.

It is also possible for the ribs to have a curved or angled course with respect to a plane through which the adjusting axis passes, that is to say in the case of the ribs. H. for example, in a plan view and / or a side view are curved or angular, that is, for example, arcuate or L-shaped.

The ribs and / or the grooves are suitably in cross-section U-shaped. It is advantageous if the ribs and / or the receiving grooves run flat towards at least one longitudinal end region.

It is possible that the ribs and grooves in angular positions of the fixing element and the counter-holding body between the use position and the non-use position fit together.

It is also possible that the ribs and the grooves on the fixing and Counter-holding bodies are arranged and configured so that they fit only in a position of use and / or the non-use position corresponding fixing element and counter-holding body and prevent an intermediate position between an adjustment of the fixing and the counter-holding body toward each other in the direction of fixation. This can be achieved, for example, by positioning the ribs and receiving grooves in predefined angular distances relative to each other only in the position of use or inoperative position. The geometries of mutually matching pairs of receiving groove and rib can be designed so that the fixing and the counter-holding body fit together only when the correlated geometries associated pairs of ribs and grooves opposite each other, so positioned according to the use position or non-use position are.

The ribs and grooves are suitably designed so that they act in the fixing position in the sense of centering of those bearing element which carries the coupling arm. Thus, therefore, for example, the coupling arm in the fixing position takes an exactly the use position or the non-use position corresponding position.

An expedient embodiment of the invention provides that the ribs and / or receiving grooves are located at least partially in a receiving recess and / or on an end-side support surface of the fixing element or the counter-holding body located next to the receiving recess. The fixing thus has, for example, a receiving recess in the manner of a trough, in which the counter-holding body partially fits. In the receiving recess or on the front side support surface or both are then ribs or grooves or both, which allow a fixation of the two components in engagement with each other, the fixing element and the counter-holding body.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the ribs and / or the receiving grooves extend over an edge region between the receiving recess and an end side support surface located next to the receiving recess. The ribs or grooves thus run over the edge area.

The edge region expediently has a rounding. But it is also possible that an angular edge between the receiving recess and the front side support surface is present. Also in this embodiment, it is also possible that, for example, the ribs or grooves extend with a rounding over the square edge itself.

The at least one counter-holding body expediently comprises the bearing element carrying the coupling arm. Also, a support part of the vehicle holding part can form the or a counter-holding body.

The support part is, for example, a support projection or support flange, in particular a part-ring-shaped flange section or plate section, the vehicle mount, engaging in a gap between the bearing element and the fixing element.

The at least one fixing element cooperates expediently with two counter-holding bodies, wherein the fixing element in the fixing position cooperatively defines a clamping receptacle for the second counter-holding body with a first of the counter-holding bodies. The clamp receptacle can, for example, clamp the second counter-holding body from opposite or opposite sides. It is possible that the at least one fixing element positively engages in only one of the counter-holding body, but also that it engages in both counter-holding body, d. H. that a positive locking contour of the fixing element engages positively in counter-form-fitting contours of one or both counter-holding bodies. It is therefore possible that only one of the counter-holding body is positively held, the other in a clamped fit.

The terminal receiving expediently has inclined surfaces. Also, the sitting in the terminal receiving counter-holding body may have inclined surfaces. By this measure, a wedge effect or clamping effect can be effected, d. H. that the jamming by the inclined surfaces is even increased.

It is also possible that the at least one fixing element bears against the counter-holding body directly on the counter-holding body, with which it limits the clamping receptacle together. For example, the clamp receptacle is a kind of pliers-like or laterally open receptacle into which the counter-holding body to be clamped engages from the side. The inner sides of this clamp receiver can be inclined, which can contribute to better clamping.

A preferred embodiment provides that the fixing element cooperates with two counter-holding bodies, one of which is the bearing the coupling arm bearing element, the other is the support part of the vehicle holding part.

A suitable variant provides that the fixing element cooperating with two counter-holding bodies engages with a single form-locking contour in sections of two counter-form-fitting contours on the two counter-holding bodies or a counter-form-fitting contour formed by two sections on the counter-holding bodies.

It is advantageously provided, for example, that a rib provided on the at least one fixing element or a receiving groove provided there cooperates in a form-locking manner with a receiving groove or a receiving rib, which interacts with a first and a second counter-holding body by means of receiving groove sections or receiving rib sections merging with one another. The two counter-holding bodies are formed, for example, by the supporting part of the vehicle-holding part and the bearing element carrying the coupling arm.

The at least one fixing element and the at least one counter-holding body suitably comprise a ring or a sleeve or else a plate body. The fixing element or the counter-holding body or both can also be plate-shaped or comprise a plate. Furthermore, it is possible that the fixing element and the counter-holding body are designed flange-like or comprise a flange.

The vehicle-holding part advantageously comprises a particular flange-like and / or plate-like support member which is held in the fixing position between the fixing and the at least one counter-holding body or the bearing the coupling arm bearing element, in particular clamped.

The fixing device expediently comprises a forceps holder which has a first forceps limb formed by the at least one fixing element and a second forceps limb, which are moved toward one another in the fixing position and fix the bearing element carrying the coupling arm to the vehicle-mounted vehicle support. For example, the second pliers limb is formed by a bearing element, in particular the bearing element carrying the coupling arm. Between the two pliers limbs, the already mentioned support member can be arranged. The pliers legs clamp so to speak on the vehicle-fixed component or this at least form-fitting, so to speak, in the pliers.

The bearing base part expediently comprises a bearing protrusion projecting from the vehicle mounting part and / or a bearing receptacle. The bearing projection includes, for example, a bearing shaft or a journal. But it is also possible that the bearing base part comprises a bearing receptacle, for example a sleeve-like bearing receptacle. Furthermore, it is possible for the bearing base part to have a bearing projection arranged in a bearing receptacle, in which the respective bearing part engages.

When the bearing bearing the coupling arm bearing element or a bearing this bearing element or both, it is advantageous if it comprises a sleeve body. Thus, therefore, an onion-like or nested construction is advantageous. The outer bearing member may encapsulate the inner bearing member.

It is also possible that the coupling arm and this bearing bearing element are mutually separate components which are firmly connected to each other. But it is also possible that the two components are integral. Furthermore, it is expedient if the bearing element carrying the coupling arm is formed by a bearing head or has such a bearing head.

The at least one fixing element may form or comprise a clamping element. It is preferred if the at least one fixing element has a positive locking contour for positive fixing.

On the coupling arm is preferably provided a coupling piece, for example a coupling ball for cooperation with a ball coupling of a trailer. For the connection with a rear carrier, the aforementioned ball is of course also suitable. However, it can also be provided a plug-in receptacle or another, in particular plug-in means, rear carrier holder for attaching a rearward of the rear of the motor vehicle in the mounted state above load carrier.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to the drawing. In the views, partially different variants of the hitch are shown, which is omitted for simplicity, to represent each variant an exterior view.

Show it:

1 a frontal view of a first embodiment of a trailer coupling according to the invention in a position of use, in

2 is shown in a rest position or non-use position,

3 a side view of the hitch according to 1 .

4 a side view of the hitch according to 1 in an intermediate position,

5 the hitch according to the preceding figures in a perspective view obliquely from above, but with a motorized fixing drive a fixing device in a first embodiment,

6 the hitch according to 4 but with a pivot drive and a fixing drive in a second embodiment,

7 an exploded view of the hitch according to 6 .

8th a sectional view of the hitch according to 6 along about a section line BB in 6 in a locking position,

9 a sectional view of the hitch according to 6 - 8th , about a section line AA in 1 .

10 a cross section through the hitch according to 3 approximately along a section line CC, wherein the hitch is locked,

11 the hitch according to 10 but in the unlocked state,

12 a detail D off 1 showing a securing device in a locking position,

13 a cross section through the already unlocked hitch according to 1 , approximately along a section line EE,

14 a cross section through the hitch according to 1 , but with the coupling arm in an intermediate position and approximately corresponding to a section line FF in 4 .

15 a section through the in accordance with the position 4 located hitch, but along a section line GG in 2 .

16 a section through the locked hitch according to 2 along a section line GG in 2 .

17 the hitch according to 6 in perspective from above in a partial section,

18 a drive ring of the trailer coupling according to 17 from diagonally forward,

19 the drive ring of the trailer coupling according to 17 from diagonally behind,

20a C a movement sequence of the hitch according to 17 in a sectional view along a section line HH in 6 .

21 a perspective partial section through the hitch according to 1 to illustrate a guide arrangement,

22 a head of the coupling arm of the hitch according to 21 .

23 a side view of the guide assembly according to 21 .

24 a guide body having a guide track surface of the guide assembly from the side and

25 and 26 perspective oblique views of the guide body according to 24 .

27 a cross-sectional view through the hitch according to 5 , with an alternative guide arrangement, approximately corresponding to a section line II in 5 .

28 a variant of the above hitches with a locking balls comprehensive locking in a cross-sectional view approximately corresponding to the section line AA in 5 in a locking position,

29 the hitch according to 28 in unlocked position,

30 a variant of the above hitches with a lock lever comprehensive locking, as in the sectional view accordingly 28 in a locking position,

31 the hitch according to 30 , but in unlocked position,

32 a hitch as a variant of the hitch according to 28 and 29 with a motor drive which acts directly on a locking bolt actuated locking bolt,

33 another hitch as a variant of in 32 illustrated hitch with a drive which acts via a spring on a locking bolt,

34 3 is an oblique perspective view of another trailer coupling with a locking concept providing a deadlock,

35 a sectional view of the hitch according to 34 approximately along a section line JJ in 34 .

36 a sectional view through the hitch of the trailer coupling according to 34 approximately along a section line KK in 34 .

37 a locked arrangement of components of the above towbars,

38 a bearing element of the arrangement according to 37 for locking with an in

39 shown vehicle-side flange and a in

40 shown clamping ring of the arrangement according to 37 .

41 a sectional view of a detail of the locked arrangement according to 37 , approximately corresponding to a section line LL in 39 .

42 a detail of the flange according to 39 approximately corresponding to the section line LL,

43 another hitch from the front in front

44 in a sectional view along a section line MM in 43 in a locked state and in

45 is shown in an unlocked state.

In the drawing are towbars 10 . 410 . 210 represented, which have partially identical components, which are provided with the same reference numerals, partly also different components, which are accordingly provided with usually by 100 different reference numerals.

The in the 1 - 28 illustrated hitch 10 includes various variants, in particular different variants with respect to the drive concept and the fixing concept, in particular also the fixing drive. However, the towbars have the same basic concept, so that usually the same reference numerals from the number range 1-100 are used.

Based on 29 - 33 become alternative drive concepts of a trailer hitch 310 , the kinematically a variant of the hitch 10 as well as an alternative locking concept explained.

The in the 34 - 36 illustrated hitch 410 has a locking concept like the trailer hitch 10 , As regards the positive fit on the vehicle-side vehicle mount part, which is based on the 37 - 42 becomes even clearer.

The trailer hitch 210 according to 43 - 45 serves to illustrate an alternative bearing concept, which includes both a first pivot axis and a non-stationary second pivot axis, and also to explain a slightly modified locking concept.

The trailer hitches 10 . 410 and 210 show different variants of kinematic concepts that are suitable for the realization of at least biaxial pivoting of the respective coupling arm and also also optimized locking concepts. It also becomes clear from the following explanations that the concepts realized in one trailer coupling can also be applied to the other embodiment of a trailer coupling.

The attachable to the rear of a motor vehicle K trailer hitches 10 . 410 . 210 each have a coupling arm 11 , which at its free end to attach a trailer, z. B. a ball coupling, a trailer suitable coupling piece 12 , z. B. a coupling ball comprises. The motor vehicle K is for example a passenger car, in particular with an internal combustion engine and / or an electric motor. To the dome piece 12 could also be coupled to a load carrier. Furthermore, it is possible to replace the dome piece 12 For example, a plug-in projection or a plug-in receptacle for plug-mounting a mountable at the rear of the motor vehicle K load carrier (not shown) may be provided.

The coupling arm 11 is between one example in the 1 . 3 . 5 shown use position G and one in the 2 . 4 and 6 illustrated non-use position N based on a camp 30 . 430 . 230 movable on a vehicle mount 20 . 420 . 220 stored. In the use position G is the coupling piece 12 free in front of a bumper S of a motor vehicle K to the rear in front, while the coupling piece 12 in the non-use position N closer to the motor vehicle K back and in particular behind the bumper S is moved back, for example, between the bumper S and not visible in the drawing rear of a body of the motor vehicle K against view of obliquely behind the top or directly from behind on the Motor vehicle K is hidden. In dashed lines is a possible example Intermediate position Z of the coupling arm 11 located.

The coupling arm 11 includes an arm portion 13 with a first curvature 14 and a second curvature 15 and stands by a holding head 16 from. The holding head 16 includes, for example, a lid 17 , The holding head 16 is with screws 18 or other fasteners in stock 30 attached.

The warehouse 30 . 430 . 230 includes a first bearing element 31 . 431 . 231 and a second bearing element 32 . 432 . 232 on which in turn the coupling arm 11 is attached. The holding head 16 is on the bearing element 32 . 432 arranged.

At the trailer hitch 210 however, the coupling arm is 11 with the bearing element 232 integrally. The coupling arm 11 stands from the bearing element 232 laterally.

The first bearing element 31 . 431 . 231 is at a warehouse base body 33 . 433 . 233 pivotally mounted about a first pivot axis S1 or at the trailer coupling 210 about the pivot axis S1 pivotally mounted and along which also axially displaceable. At the trailer hitches 10 . 410 is the bearing element 31 . 431 However, with respect to the pivot axis S1 immovable.

The second bearing element 32 . 432 . 232 is on the first bearing element 31 . 431 . 231 pivotally mounted about a second pivot axis S2. The pivot axes S1 and S2 are, for example, perpendicular to each other, so that a universal joint or a gimbal bearing is formed. It is also possible that the pivot axes are at other than the right angle to each other.

At the trailer hitch 210 is the second pivot axis S2 not stationary with respect to the first pivot axis S1, so that one can speak of a swash bearing or the camp 230 , at least what the bearing concept between the bearing elements 231 . 232 is concerned, forms a swash bearing.

The vehicle mount 20 . 420 . 220 includes, for example, a vehicle mounting part 21 . 421 . 221 , z. Example, a mounting plate which is firmly connected to the motor vehicle K, for example, on a cross member Q, which extends transversely to the direction of travel at the rear of the motor vehicle K, fastened, for example with screws, by means of a welded joint or the like. The vehicle mounting part 21 For example, it is made of sheet metal. However, it does not matter, ie there are also differently designed vehicle mounting parts or other structurally fixed on the motor vehicle K fastened, for example, a rib or lattice structure comprehensive, vehicle mounting parts possible.

At the vehicle mount 20 . 420 . 220 is a warehouse base body 33 . 433 . 233 fixedly arranged.

The warehouse base body 33 . 433 . 233 For example, could a massive pin or bearing projection, front of a front 22 of the vehicle mounting part 21 projects. In principle, it would be possible for such a bearing protrusion or pin to form an integral part of the vehicle mount 20 forms, for example with the vehicle mounting part 21 is one piece. It is also possible that, for example, a recess or bearing receptacle is provided, into which a corresponding bearing projection of the first bearing element engages.

In the embodiments, the bearing base body is 33 . 433 . 233 around a hollow shaft 34 . 434 . 234 in whose interior 35 Space for other components of the hitch is, for example, components of a fixing device or a fixing drive, which will be explained later.

The bearing element 31 . 431 . 231 includes, for example, a sleeve body 36 . 436 . 236 radially inward of the bearing base body 33 . 433 . 233 with a storage area 37 . 437 . 237 supported.

The storage area 37 of the sleeve body 36 comprises a on a collar-like radially inwardly projecting support portion 38 provided storage section 37a and another storage section 37b at one in the circumference of a sleeve portion 39 of the sleeve body 36 ,

The storage section 37a rests on the outer circumference 40 of the warehouse base body 33 from and is rotatably mounted there. The outer circumference 40 thus forms a pivot bearing surface. The storage section 37a For example, includes a frontal support contour 41 , which adhere to an abutment support contour 42 on the outer circumference 40 of the warehouse base body 33 supported in the direction of the pivot axis S1. Thus, in any case, the bearing element 31 in the direction of the pivot axis S1 in a sense of the vehicle mount 20 or the vehicle mounting part 21 supported away.

In the area of the sleeve section 39 There are shots in which axle elements 44 rotatably or rotatably received. The axle elements 44 stand radially outward in front of the bearing element 31 before and are engaged with recordings on the outer bearing element 32 ,

The axle elements 44 For example, axle pins or bearing pins, in the shots of the bearing element 31 and / or the recordings of the bearing element 32 be received rotatably so that they form bearing mounts. But it is also possible that the axle elements 44 in one of the receptacles of the bearing element 31 or 32 are rotatably received.

The axle elements 44 run with their longitudinal direction along the pivot axis S2, ie they define a gimbal axis. The axle elements 44 are opposite each other on the bearing element 31 intended. The bearing element 32 so pivots on the basis of the axle elements 44 about the pivot axis S2 relative to the bearing element 31 so that a cardan joint is formed. A deflection of the bearing element 32 and hence the coupling arm fixedly attached thereto 11 in, for example, the intermediate position Z about the second pivot axis S2 by an angle T is in 3 indicated.

The bearing element 32 has a sleeve body 46 on, on its front side or end face a mounting flange 47 is provided. The bearing element 32 tapers to its mounting flange 47 opposite longitudinal end region obliquely inside, ie to the passage opening 48 out. The sleeve body 46 is z. B. configured in the manner of a so-called bottom-open pot.

The mounting flange 47 serves for fastening the holding head 16 ie the screws 18 can in the mounting flange 47 be screwed from the front side. Thus, the holding head covers 16 so to speak, the bearing element 32 frontally, thus forming a lid 17 , At the mounting flange 47 opposite side, the bearing element 32 a passage opening 48 on through which the bearing base body 33 in the interior of the bearing element 32 protrudes into it. The passage opening 48 is dimensioned so far that the second bearing element 32 not only about the first pivot axis S1, but also, as far as this requires the movement between the use position G and the non-use position N, can pivot about the pivot axis S2.

The warehouse base body 33 is for example by means of a mother 23 with a carrier element 24 screwed. The mother 23 is on a screw section 43 the hollow shaft 34 screwed on, which has a passage opening 25 on the carrier element 24 penetrates.

The carrier element 24 has a trough, in the bottom region, the passage opening 25 located. In front of the carrier element 24 there is a flange on the side 26 in front of the plate-like vehicle mounting part 21 supported. This has a passage opening 27 in which the carrier element 24 from the front 22 is inserted, so that its trough in the passage opening 27 extends into and in front of the rear of the vehicle mounting part 21 protrudes to the rear. The carrier element 24 is by means of screws 28 or other mounting elements on the vehicle mounting part 21 fixed.

The vehicle mount 20 further comprises a support member 50 , The support part 50 has an annular shape. The support part 50 So has a passage opening 51 , wherein this passage opening from the bearing base body 33 is permeated. Thus, therefore, the bearing base body extends 33 through the passages 25 . 27 . 51 therethrough. Radially inward in the direction of the passage opening 51 projecting portions of the support member 50 form later explained support sections.

The support part 50 that in the 37 - 42 shown more clearly, has at its the front 22 facing back 52 Einschrauböffnungen 53 or passages into which the screws 28 can be screwed in or the screws 28 can be penetrated. The mounting flange 47 is virtually as an intermediate layer sandwiched between on the one hand the plate of the vehicle mounting part 21 and on the other hand the support part 50 clamped, with the screws 28 Through openings 49 on the mounting flange 47 and with these aligned passage openings on the vehicle mounting part 21 penetrate and into the screw holes 53 are screwed in. Overall, therefore, is the bearing base body 33 firmly with the vehicle mount 20 connected.

At the back 52 opposite front 54 of the support part 50 is a storage area 55 provided, in which the second pivot bearing element 32 with its the vehicle mount 20 facing longitudinal end region engages with its frontal outer periphery. There is a storage area 57 of the bearing element 32 , The storage area 55 defines a bearing pickup 56 in which the second pivot bearing element 31 is received pivotally, namely about the pivot axis S2. The storage area 55 and the storage area 57 are tapered, for example, approximately conical or rounded conical, so that the bearing element 32 in the sense of centering in the bearing receiver 56 is included. It is possible that the storage areas 55 . 57 always in engagement with each other or even for example only in the use position G and / or the non-use position N or over a portion of the adjustment of the hitch between these end positions, for example, between the use position G and the intermediate position Z.

For support and fixed fixation of the coupling arm 11 serves a fixing element 60 , this in 40 is clearly shown. In a fixing position F is the fixing element 60 to the bearing element 32 and the support part 50 adjusted and in a positive engagement with these two components. It expediently also provided that the fixing 60 allows a clamping fit, that is that in the fixing position F, the support member 50 between the bearing element 32 and the fixing element 60 is clamped.

The fixing element 60 forms a first pliers leg 61 , the bearing element 32 a second pliers leg 62 ,

The bearing element 32 is with respect to the support part 50 linearly stationary, so it can not, for example, in the direction of the adjusting axis B1 or pivot axis S1 relative to the support member 50 be moved. The bearing element 32 is with respect to the support part 50 , hence the vehicle mount 20 only pivotable, namely about the pivot axes S1, S2. The pliers leg 61 or the fixing element 60 becomes the bearing element 32 and support part 50 out to achieve the fixing position F or away from it to take a release position L, in which the coupling arm 11 that is fixed to the bearing element 32 is connected, between the use position G and the non-use position N is adjustable.

The fixing position F takes the fixing 60 advantageous in the use position G as well as the non-use position G, wherein it would also be possible that the fixing element 60 only in the use position G or the non-use position N, the fixing position F occupies.

The pliers leg 61 or the fixing element 60 is here linearly adjusted along the pivot axis S1, but this is not mandatory.

It can also be provided, for example, a thread or an inclined surface arrangement to the pliers legs 61 in the direction of the other pliers leg 62 to adjust. Furthermore, it is to be understood by way of example that only one of the pliers limbs, namely the pliers limb 61 is pressed. It is quite possible that, for example, the second bearing element 32 , hence the other pliers leg 62 , For example, linear along the pivot axis S1 of the support member 50 away in the release position L is adjusted. So it can, for example, one or both pliers legs 61 . 62 be movable between the release position L and the fixing position F, wherein a linear movement is only an option. It is Z. B. also possible that pliers legs are pivotally mounted on a pivot bearing and about the pivot axis of this pivot bearing to each other or away from each other are movable.

The fixing element 60 has a passage opening 63 coming from the warehouse base body 33 is permeated. The fixing element 60 has a recording recess 64 on, at the bottom 65 the passage opening 63 located. Between the ground 65 and one in the manner of a collar around the passage opening 63 around extending end face support surface 67 extends a peripheral wall 66 , The peripheral wall 66 has a curved course, so that the receiving recess 64 is designed in the manner of a trough.

In front of the peripheral wall 66 and the front side support surface 67 are form fit contours 68 before, for engagement in counter-form-fitting contours 69 and 70 are provided, which are located on the support part 50 as well as on the bearing element 32 are located.

The form-fitting contours 68 . 69 . 70 are spaced apart at an angular distance, that is, they extend annularly around the respective passage opening 63 . 51 . 48 around. In this case, the angular distance between the positive locking contours 68 . 69 . 70 chosen so that they are in the respective end positions of the trailer hitch 10 , namely the use position G and the non-use position N, can intermesh positively, but in the intermediate positions, for example, the intermediate position Z, do not fit into each other. For example, groups 68a . 69a . 70a and 68b . 69b . 70b of form-fitting contours 68 . 69 . 70 provided, which extend over a respective pitch circle and their form-fitting contours 68 . 69 . 70 between each other have the same angular distance from each other, but not that angular distance between the groups 68a . 69a . 70a and 68b . 69b . 70b corresponds, so that is given an angle coding. Of course, one could also suitable, only in defined angular positions, in particular the use position G and the non-use position N, mating geometries of the form-fitting contours 68 . 69 . 70 provide as an angle coding.

The form-fitting contours 68 include ribs 71 , in front of the front side support surface 67 and also radially inward of the peripheral wall 66 to project, that means also in the reception 64 extend into it. Ribs 71 run over an edge area 72 across, also the peripheral wall 66 extends.

A back 73 the ribs 71 is rounded and expediently on the one hand along the longitudinal direction 74 a respective rib 71 , as well as for the other purpose also transversely thereto. It could Of course, only one in the longitudinal direction 74 or be provided only transversely extending rounding. Thus, therefore, for example, transversely to the longitudinal direction 74 instead of a rounding, for example, an edge between the top (back 73 ) and a side flank 75 a respective rib 71 be provided. expediently follows the back 73 the course of the peripheral wall 66 about parallel.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the side edges 75 , which is approximately perpendicular to the surface of the front side support surface 67 are, with curves in the front side support surface 67 pass. Thus, so to speak, a throat area between the side edges 75 and the adjacent surface, namely the front side support surface 67 , advantageously rounded.

Ribs 71 run flat at one longitudinal end region to the adjacent surface, namely in the region of the bottom 65 , At the other longitudinal end are the side edges 75 so to speak, steeply upwards in front of the front side support surface 67 in front. This can favor the grip of the ribs 71 in the counter-form contours 69 or 70 improve.

The counter-form contours 69 and 70 have recording grooves 76 . 77 on, in which the ribs 71 engage when the fixing position F is reached. The recording grooves 76 . 77 For example, in cross-section U-shaped, ie they have side walls, the side edges 78 for supporting the side edges 75 the ribs 71 form.

You can see z. In 41 that the ribs 71 in the reception 76 with their side flanks 75 flat on the respective opposite side edges 78 support. An inside distance between the side edges 78 corresponds approximately to an outer distance of the side edges 75 , so that a positive stop in both directions of rotation is given with respect to the pivot axis S1.

The recording grooves 76 open freely at the storage area 55 out. Opposite to these free orifices is a rounded end portion of a respective receiving groove 76 although this is not necessary since the longitudinal end region of the rib positioned therein 71 ( 41 ) is not enough to complete this.

Between a floor 79 the receiving groove 76 and the side flank 78 is also provided a rounding, so that the receiving groove 76 is U-shaped in cross-section.

The fixing element 60 is from the bearing element 31 . 32 taken with the pivoting movement about the pivot axis S1. For this reason, the ribs are aligned 71 and the recording grooves 77 on the bearing element 32 always. But this is not necessary, that is, it would also be possible that the fixing 60 with respect to the pivot axis S1 is rotationally fixed and only along this pivot axis, the present case at the same time an adjustment axis B1 for the fixing 60 represents, slide is movable, ie that the bearing element 32 relative to the fixing element 60 in the adjustment between the use position G and the non-use position N rotates. In these two end positions, however, it is certainly intended that the ribs 71 on the one hand and the mutually aligned grooves 76 . 77 opposite to the angle of rotation, so that the fixing element 60 in positive engagement with the bearing element 32 and the support part 50 what can be brought in 41 becomes clear.

Although the form-fitting contours engage 68 into the counter-form contours 69 . 70 one, leaving the clutch arm 11 non-rotatable on the vehicle mount 20 is held when the fixing position F is present. It should be noted in this context that the interlocking form-fitting contours 68 . 69 already a torsional strength of the coupling arm 11 regarding the vehicle mount 20 produce, because yes the fixing element 60 rotatably with the bearing element 31 . 32 with respect to the pivot axis S1.

However, an additional deadlock is appropriate, especially to avoid unpleasant noise when driving (rattling or the like). The fixing element 60 limited together with the bearing element 32 , ie a first counter-holding body, a Klemmaufnahme 58 for the support part 50 which represents a second opposing body. Through the storage area 55 of the bearing element 32 on the one hand and the top of the front side support surface 67 and / or on the other hand the backs 73 the ribs 71 is this clamp recording 58 laterally limited. The storage area 55 runs as well as the stock recording 56 oblique, which can cause a wedge effect or clamping effect.

It is possible that, on the one hand, the form-fitting contours 68 and on the other hand, the counter-form-fitting contours 69 and / or the counter-form-fitting contours 70 a certain rotational play is present (eg around the pivot axis S1), ie that the form-fitting contours 68 - 70 so to speak represent a form-locking anti-rotation. The fixing element 60 , and the bearing element 32 can the support part 50 and therefore the vehicle mount 20 essentially clamp in this case, what is sufficient for normal driving. Only in the event that exceptionally high loads occur or even wear, then the form-fitting contours 68 - 70 ,

The fixing element 60 is from a fixing drive 80 driven. The fixing drive 80 includes a pin-like or bolt-like actuator body 81 in the interior 35 the hollow shaft 34 , therefore directly in the warehouse 30 is arranged. The actuator body 81 is along a parking axis B1, in this case coaxially with the pivot axis S1, linearly displaceable back and forth, wherein it in a sense of the vehicle mount 20 away adjusted position, according to the fixing position F, transmission elements 82 , For example, balls, radially outward through passages 83 displaced by, which then a force transmission element 84 also in a sense of the vehicle mount 20 Press away. The power transmission element 84 is with the fixing element 60 with respect to the adjusting axis B1, in this case the pivot axis S1, non-slidably connected.

When the fixing element 60 not with the bearing element 31 turns, but with respect to the vehicle mount 20 rotatably, for example, at the interface between the power transmission element 84 and the fixing element 60 be provided a rotary bearing. It is also possible that the power transmission element 84 rotatable on the bearing base body 33 is stored.

Present is the power transmission element 84 rotatably with the bearing element 31 connected, that is, the bearing element 31 takes the power transmission element 84 with its rotation about the pivot axis S1 with.

The power transmission element 84 includes a sleeve 85 , The power transmission element 84 is with the fixing element 60 firmly connected. For example, is longitudinal end of the power transmission element 84 at the vehicle holder 20 in or at the passage opening 63 of the fixing element 60 attached. For example, this longitudinal end engages in the passage opening 63 and there is, for example glued, welded or otherwise firmly attached.

It would of course be possible for the power transmission element 84 and the fixing element 60 are integral, so that, for example, a mushroom-like contour is formed, whose "roof", so to speak, the fixing 60 and which has as a "stalk" a sleeve or tubular body which is from the bearing base body 33 is permeated.

The power transmission element 84 gets from the stock base body 33 interspersed. The power transmission element 84 relies for example with a closer to the vehicle mount 20 located support section 86 and a farther remote support section 87 on the bearing base body 33 from. With the support sections 86 . 87 is the power transmission element 84 rotatable on the bearing base body 33 stored.

An advantageous measure can provide that the first bearing element 31 on the power transmission element 84 is supported. For example, the sleeve body is supported 36 with its inner circumference on the outer circumference of the sleeve 85 or the power transmission element 84 from. There could also be provided a pivot bearing, ie that the bearing element 31 rotatable on the power transmission element 84 is stored. In the present case, however, a rotational drive is present, ie that z. B. a rotary drive body 88 , for example, a pin, the power transmission element 84 with the bearing element 31 rotatably connects. The power transmission element 84 and the bearing element 31 can z. B. be integral or cohesively connected to each other, for example, glued or welded.

The actuator body 81 is for example by a spring 89 loaded in the direction of the fixing position F. Slanted actuating surfaces 90 on the outer circumference of the actuating body 81 , in particular the head, while pressing the actuator body 81 radially outward, which in turn to the bearing base body 33 facing inner sides of the support section 87 be pressed and the power transmission element 84 in the direction of the fixing position F adjust. The feather 89 keeps this fixation position F upright.

By a pulling organ 91 is the actuator body 81 , So for example, the locking pin, in the direction of the release position L, in this case the vehicle mounting part 21 towards, operable. The tension element 91 includes, for example, a pull rope in the embodiments according to 10 - 12 , When the actuator body 81 is adjusted in the direction of the release position L (see, for example 13 . 15 ), the balls or transmission elements 82 radially inward through the passage openings 83 through in the direction of the interior 35 fall back, for example, by appropriately oblique, a movement space for the transmission elements 82 providing conical surfaces on the actuator body 81 or as realized herein by a receiving recess 92 at the head of the actuator body 81 , This will be the power transmission element 84 in the direction of the adjusting axis B1 movable, so it can be adjusted in the direction of the release position L and thus the fixing 60 from the the support part 50 reach pincers clasping position. Then the coupling arm can 11 be adjusted between the use position G and the non-use position N.

This initially represents a so-called passive concept, ie additional measures would have to be taken in order to achieve this possibly stuck in the support part 50 and the bearing element 32 engaging fixing element 60 to solve, for example, in a manual operation of the trailer hitch 10 awkward and unpleasant. Here is another action:
The fixing drive 80 acts not only in the sense of a fixation, but also in the sense of releasing the fixation and thus also forms a release drive for the fixation. The actuator body 81 has a release of the fixation associated actuating surfaces 93 in an adjustment of the actuator body 81 in the direction of the release position L release transfer elements 94 through passages 95 of the warehouse base body 33 displaced radially outward, which in turn on a sloping inner edge, so a release-actuating surface, the support portion 86 the sleeve 85 or of the force transmission element 84 acts and thus the power transmission element 84 along the adjusting axis B1 in the direction of the release position L actuated. This then actively adjusts the fixing 60 in the release position L.

The fixing drive 80 is apart from the outside acting on him components completely in the interior of the camp 30 added. This is the fixing drive 80 Protected against environmental influences and allows for a particularly compact design.

Another measure which constitutes an independent invention is that in a bearing base body in the manner of the bearing base body 33 a fixing drive is arranged and this bearing base body provides a Kardanachse, then in the form of example of the bearing element 31 a first bearing element is pivotally mounted, in turn, a second bearing element in the form of, for example, the bearing element 32 pivotally mounted about a second gimbal axis.

Furthermore, it is advantageous and in itself constitutes an independent invention that a force transmission element of a fixing drive or release drive, namely, for example, the force transmission element 84 , at the same time represents a bearing component, for example, for supporting the bearing element 31 on the bearing base body 33 ,

Below are various actuation concepts for the release drive or fixing drive 80 explains:
The in the 3 . 10 - 12 illustrated manual variant of the operation provides, for example, that the tension member 91 from the soul of a Bowden cable 96 is formed at the free, from the vehicle mount 20 protruding end portion of the bearing base body 33 or the hollow shaft 34 is fixed, for example, based on a mounting element 97 , for example, a mother.

The Bowden cable 96 For example, could be directly operated by means of an arranged in the luggage compartment of the motor vehicle K actuating element, for example, a winding roll arranged there, an actuating lever or the like. In the present case, however, such an actuating element, which may of course also comprise a drive motor, is a safety device 100 upstream. The safety device 100 blocks an adjustment of the actuator body 81 in the direction of the release position L, when the operating body 81 driving drive is not adjusted in this release position L, but is still in the fixing position F.

The safety device 100 includes a housing 101 in which a tension element 102 is received axially displaceable.

On a floor 103 of the housing 101 For example, which is formed by a lid, a spring is supported 104 which are still on the tension element 102 supported. The feather 104 So loads the tension element 102 in a sense to the tension member 91 out. The tension element 102 is with another traction organ 105 , For example, a rope or pull rope of another Bowden cable, a tie rod or the like, connected.

When the tension member 105 is pulled, against the force of the spring 104 , it becomes tension element 102 in a sense of pulling the with the fixing drive 80 connected tension member 91 operated, the fixing drive 80 So pressed in the direction of the release position L.

Now, however, is the tension element 91 not stationary on the tension element 102 set, but at one in the interior of the tension element 102 slidably mounted driver 106 attached. The driver 106 can be on a floor 107 of the tension element 102 support, if this is actuated in the direction of the release position L, so that also the ground 107 by urgent pulling mechanism 91 in the direction of the release position L is taken.

However, if the safety device 100 not active in the direction of the release position L from the tension member 105 is pressed, but with the fixing drive 80 connected tension member 91 moved by itself in the direction of the release position L, moves this tension member 91 , which is in this case, so to speak, a pressure element, the driver 106 in the direction of the release position, but while the tension element 102 is not adjusted in the direction of the release position L, but remains in a position corresponding to the fixing position F. In this movement of the driver 106 in the direction of the release position L is at least one, for example, a ball or other power transmission body comprehensive, fuse element 108 , which can also be regarded as a blocking body, from a peripheral depression 109 of the driver 106 to the outside through a passage opening 110 of the tension element 102 displaced and supported on a support surface 111 of the housing 101 from. The fuse element 108 So it's the driver 106 radially outward of the outer periphery of the tension member 102 displaces and thus blocks further movement of the tension element 102 in the direction of the release position L, in 12 for example, diagonally lower left. The fuse element 108 thus prevents further adjustment of the driver 106 and thus also the tension element 91 in the direction of the release position L. Thus blocked and thus prevents the security device 100 unintentional adjustment of the tension member 91 and thus also the actuator body 81 in the direction of the release position L.

The support surface 111 For example, from a circumferentially larger diameter section 112 of the housing 101 educated. In an adjacent, narrower section 113 is the case 101 slidably mounted.

In the case of an active unlocking or release operation, however, the support surface acts 111 in the sense of displacement of the fuse element 108 radially inward into the recess 109 of the driver 106 into it, leaving the securing element 108 not outward in front of the peripheral bearing surface of the tension element 102 protrudes and a further adjustment of the same in the direction of the section 113 , towards the release position L, blocked.

A motor drive concept for actuating the actuating body 81 in the direction of the release position L or the fixing position F is for example in the 8th and 9 shown. A drive module 120 includes, for example, an engine 121 , for example an electric motor, which is a pinion element 122 drives. The pinion element 122 meshes with a rack section 123 a tension rod 124 or another tension element. The tension rod 124 is z. B. at least partially in the interior of the actuator body 81 arranged. The tension rod 124 extends through the interior 35 the hollow shaft 34 through and stands backwards in front of the hollow shaft 34 with its rack section 123 in front. The rack section 123 stands in a housing 125 of the drive module 120 before, where the other drive components are provided.

An end face 126 of the tension rod 124 is a fuse element 127 opposite, in the fixing position F an adjustment of the tension rod 124 blocked in the direction of the release position L. In this case, the front bumps 126 on the fuse element 127 and is thus secured against unintentional axial adjustment. The motor 121 drives via a not shown gear or a sequence control, first the fuse element 127 out of the range of movement of the tension rod 124 out (dashed, lower in the drawing position) before the pinion element 122 the tie rod 124 adjusted in the direction of the release position L (dashed, in the drawing to the left pivoted position of the pinion element 122 and shifted to the left position of the tie rod 124 ).

If this additional backup does not matter, for example, as in 5 indicated an engine 130 a drive pulley 131 drive, which is a spindle nut, so to speak. The drive pulley 131 (see also 32 . 33 ) is from a threaded section 132 a drive shaft 133 penetrated, with the example, the actuator body 81 can be spindled so to speak in the release position L and / or the fixing position F. An intermediate, acting in the direction of the fixing position F spring is then advantageous, but not necessary, as will become clear later.

The trailer hitch 10 For example, can be manually unlocked and locked, but also manually adjusted between the use position G and the non-use position N. The presented drive concepts with the engine 130 or the drive module 120 also allow a comfortable unlocking. At this point it should be mentioned that, for example, the safety device 100 also in the drawbar 124 could be integrated, so that this with movement play along the adjusting axis B1 on the actuator body 81 acts and is secured against unintentional movement in the direction of the release position L. The safety device 100 could also be in the drive module 120 be integrated or between the drive module 120 and the pull rod 124 be switched or in the tie rod 124 be integrated, in which case, for example, the tension member 91 with the rack section 123 would be connected and on or instead of the other tension member 105 a corresponding, with the pinion element 122 could be provided cooperating rack section.

A manually operated towing hitch 10 can also in a particularly simple and cheap way with a rotary actuator 140 be retrofitted or equipped, which allows a motorized, easy to use adjustment between the use position G and the non-use position N.

The rotary actuator 140 includes, for example, a drive motor 141 , for example a rotary drive. The drive motor 141 is for example, at the rear of the vehicle mount 20 arranged and penetrates with its output shaft 142 a passage opening 29 of the vehicle mounting part 21 ,

At the output shaft 142 there is a pinion 143 that with an arcuate row of teeth 144 on a drive body 145 combs. The drive body 145 includes a ring having a passage opening 146 in which the bearing 30 is included. The passage opening 146 is concentric with the first pivot axis S1. Thus, therefore, the drive body 145 , which may also be referred to as a drive ring to rotate about the first pivot axis S1.

The inner circumference of the passage opening 146 forms expediently a storage area 147 in which the bearing element 32 is recorded with its outer circumference. For example, the storage area 147 conical or trough-shaped. By this measure, the drive body 145 also from the bearing element 32 on the vehicle mount 20 held and rotatably mounted.

At his the vehicle mount part 21 facing side has the drive body 145 a recording 148 in which the support part 50 is included. Thus, therefore, the drive body 145 be attached later or be considered very easy in the assembly, that is, for example, he is on the bearing element 32 from the side of the vehicle mount 20 , if this is not mounted, plugged. Then, the entire unit becomes the vehicle mount part 21 that already has the support part 50 carries, fastened.

At this point it should be noted that the support part 50 also an integral part of the vehicle mounting part 21 could form.

The row of teeth 144 is on an inner periphery of a wall portion 149 provided in front of one of the vehicle mount 20 facing end face 150 protrudes.

In the in the 20a - 20c illustrated embodiment of the drive body 145 is the row of teeth 144 on an outer periphery of an arcuately extending tooth body 151 ,

Anyway, the pinion drives 143 the respective drive body 145 to a pivoting movement about the pivot axis S2, which in turn in turn the bearing element 31 and the bearing element 32 entraining.

A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the driving engagement of the drive body 145 takes place in the region of the second pivot axis S2. It could for example be in extension of the axle elements 44 in each case one radially outward in front of the bearing element 32 be provided above driver. However, a very simple and cheap feasible variant provides that one or both of the axle elements 44 are extended in the motor concept, so to speak radially outward or radially outward with a driving portion 152 protrude. The driving sections 152 grab in take-away shots 153 on the drive body 145 one. The drive body 145 So it takes almost the bearing pin or axle elements 44 to a rotational movement about the pivot axis S1 with, so that the hitch 10 between the use position G and the non-use position N pivots.

The motion control of the second bearing element 32 via a guide arrangement 160 , the short-term, ie from the vehicle mount 20 away, is provided. The leadership arrangement 160 comprises a guide body forming a first guide component 161 by at least one locking pin 162 , For example, the legs of a Sicherungssplints in corresponding openings 163 at the head 164 the hollow shaft 34 engage and with these aligned passage openings 165 on the guide body 161 penetrate, is secured.

The guide body 161 forms as it were a cap or a cover for the front or frontally open hollow shaft 34 ,

The guide body 161 has an end wall 166 on, from a peripheral wall 167 projects. Between the front wall 166 and the peripheral wall 167 there is an oblique edge section 168 ,

The surface of the front wall 166 and / or the edge portion 168 and / or the peripheral wall 167 conveniently comprise or form a guide cam surface 169 , which is characterized for example by certain eccentricities, depressions, projections and the like other guide contours relative to the pivot axis S1 and / or relative to the pivot axis S2. At the front wall 166 is z. B. a survey 173 provided, which can represent a frontal guide.

The guidance course surface 169 , which may include or include multiple sections, serves to guide successors 170 on the bearing element 32 or a solidly connected to this body, namely the present holding head 16 , are provided. At the holding head 16 namely there is a recess 19 into which the head 164 with the guide body 161 intervenes. In the recess 19 are the two behind the scenes 170 arranged. For example, the gate followers include 170 radially inwardly projecting, tangent to the Führungsungskulissenfläche 169 attacking support body 171 whose surface each have a Gleitkulissenfläche 172 represents. The sliding gate area 172 slides on the guide 169 from, for example, circumferentially on the guide body 161 along, ie that a radial guide is given, and / or also the front side, ie on the surface of the end wall 166 , so that virtually an axial guidance is present.

In synopsis with 27 It becomes clear that this is only a variant. In the trailer coupling shown there 310 is at the second bearing element 332 a lid 317 provided, the inside of a counter-Guiding Ceiling surface 362 represents. A leadership body 361 the trailer hitch 310 who is in the lead body 161 corresponds, has at its radial outer circumference a Führungsungskulissenfläche 369 , However, the counter-guidance course surface slides 362 not directly at the leading guideline area 369 along, but there are rolling elements 370 provided at the Führungsungskulissenflächen 369 and 362 pick up along. It would also be possible that the rolling elements 370 for example, rotatably on the leading component (vehicle mount 320 ) or the guided component (bearing element 332 ) are stored.

Instead of acting as it were from the outside on the bearing latch could also be provided an internal locking, which is based on the trailer coupling 310 or their variant according to 32 and 33 is still clear. At their warehouse base body 333 is axially displaceable along a control axis B1, which also corresponds to a pivot axis S1, a force transmission element 384 stored. The power transmission element 384 can through by an actuator body 81 actuatable transmission elements 82 are actuated in the direction of a fixing position F, wherein the force transmission element 84 fixing 360 , in the present case, for example, balls, in the direction of a vehicle mount 320 actuated. The fixing elements 360 then pass through passages 363 on the bearing element 332 through and get into fixation shots 364 into which they interlock positively.

A vehicle mounting part 321 the vehicle mount 320 is, for example, trough-shaped or trough-shaped and takes the vehicle-side foot region of the bearing element 332 stocked up. The fixation shots 364 are located at the bottom of the vehicle by the mounting part 321 limited admission 322 for the bearing element 332 , There are expediently several fixing elements over a circumference which extends around the pivot axis S1 360 and this opposite Fixieraufnahmen 364 provided so that the bearing element 332 spreizfußartig on the vehicle mounting part 321 can be fixed.

When the actuator body 81 is actuated in the direction of the release position L, the transmission elements 82 (Balls) radially inward through the openings 83 pass through, whereby the force transmission element 384 is released and from the vehicle mount part 321 can be adjusted away so that there is an adjustment of the fixing elements 360 in the direction of the release position allows. The power transmission element 384 then gives the room behind the openings 363 free, leaving the fixing elements 360 in the passages 363 can penetrate and the bearing element 332 becomes pivotable.

In the in the 30 and 31 variant shown is in place of the transmission elements 82 an operating lever 382 provided, which pivotally on the actuating body 381 stored, about the actuator body 81 equivalent. A free section 385 of the operating lever 382 engages in the power transmission element 384 so that it can adjust this between the release position L and the fixing position F. Preferably, a plurality of actuating levers 382 over an outer periphery of the actuator body 381 intended. You could use the operating levers 382 Also refer to as a rocker arm.

Based on 32 and 33 a motor direct drive is explained in which a spindle 386 the actuator body 81 drives directly. The spindle 386 penetrates, for example, a hole 387 of the actuator body 81 , on whose inner circumference turns for the spindle 386 are provided. If the spindle 386 turns, it adjusts the actuator body 81 along the adjusting axis B1 directly forward or backward. By a periodic Nachtaktung or repeatedly energizing the motor 130 in the direction of the fixing position F, a tight fit of the fixation can be ensured.

In the variant according to 33 drives the spindle 386 a spindle nut 388 on, over a spring 389 on the actuator body 81 acts. This has, for example, a recording in which the spring 389 is included and at the bottom of the spring 89 can support one hand. On the other hand, the spring 389 on the spindle nut 388 supported. The feather 389 acts on the actuator body 81 in the direction of the fixing position F and thus counteracts an unintentional release of the fixation, for example, when the spindle nut 388 something in the direction of the release position L would move.

This concept with an elastic energy storage, z. B. a spring, in the direction of Fixierstellung acts is, moreover, also in the locks according to 8th - 16 realized.

At the trailer hitch 410 is unlike the trailer hitches 10 an external fixing drive 480 intended.

The bearing concept of the trailer coupling 410 corresponds essentially to the already explained bearing concept, but the bearing base body 433 a front or front, cup-like extension has a bearing section 440 with the storage area 437 on its outer periphery for the bearing element 431 provides. The storage section 440 has at its free, the lid 17 opposite end region 438 the largest diameter and tapers in the direction of a cylindrical support section 435 towards the rear in front of the vehicle mounting part 421 protrudes.

The bearing elements 431 . 432 have a cup-like shape and are between the vehicle mounting part 421 and the front, free end area 438 stored and are thus of the end 438 the largest diameter bearing section 440 held stationary with respect to the pivot axis S1.

The fixing drive 480 drives from outside the camp 430 fro a fixing element 460 on, the fixing element 60 corresponds, in the direction of the bearing element 432 and a support part 450 that the support part 50 corresponds, in the direction of the fixing position F or away in the direction of a release position L, which is shown in dashed lines, to. The pivot axis S2 again represents an adjusting axis B1.

At the support section 435 is an actuator body 481 , For example, a pin-like driver, in an opening 483 slidably mounted with respect to the adjusting axis B1, with the fixing 460 in a manner not shown, for example by means of a tubular element along the adjusting axis B1 on the support section 435 of the warehouse base body 433 is slidably mounted. The pipe element is then with the fixing 460 firmly connected, at least with respect to the positioning axis B1.

A longitudinal end area 484 of the actuator body 481 engages in an operating scenery 485 a, attached to an actuator body 486 is provided. The actuator body 486 is by an unillustrated rod or a cable or the like in the direction of a control axis B2 axially displaceable back and forth. The actuation scenery 485 into which the longitudinal end area 484 of the actuator body 481 engages, which thus represents a gate follower, causes a reversal of direction of the actuating movement. The adjusting axes B1 and B2 are in fact at an angle to each other, for example at right angles.

The actuation scenery 485 For example, is S-shaped, with longitudinal end portions of the Betätigungskulisse 485 the fixing position F and the release position L are assigned.

By suitable inclined surfaces, within the Betätigungskulisse 485 , For example, in the respective longitudinal end regions and / or the oblique transition region between them, a self-locking effect can be suitably achieved, so that the lock does not solve automatically.

The actuator body 486 is suitably by a spring 487 spring-loaded in the direction of the fixing position F. The actuator body 486 is for example in a slide bearing 488 slidably received along the adjusting axis B2.

At the trailer hitch 210 are the bearing elements 231 and 232 with respect to the pivot axis S1 axially displaceable on the bearing base body 233 added. The adjustment movement in 45 is represented by a double arrow FL (fixing position F and release position L) is, by the already described fixing drive 80 , but in a somewhat simplified variant, namely without release drive realized.

In any case, the transmission elements 82 from the actuator body 81 radially outward through passage openings 83 the hollow shaft 234 that the warehouse base body 233 represents, displaces and penetrates in drive recesses 286 , z. B. calottes or an annular groove on the inner circumference of the inner bearing element 231 one. As a result, this is axially in the direction of the adjustment axis B1 of the vehicle mount 220 away adjusted, whereby form-fitting contours 268 and 269 on the one hand on the vehicle mounting part 221 and on the other hand on the facing this end face of the bearing element 232 disengage, leaving the clutch arm 11 between the use position N and the non-use position B can be adjusted.

Of course, a release drive is possible if, for example, release transmission elements 94 , He the openings of the bearing base body, not shown him 433 according to the passages 95 are movably supported by the actuator body 81 in release drive wells 287 on the bearing element 231 would be displaced into it, similar to the already explained release transfer elements 94 the trailer hitch 10 , Consequently, so is synonymous with a non-cardanic Storage of a coupling arm realized by more than one axis arranged in the bearing release drive.

The form-fitting contours 268 and the counter-form contours 269 preferably correspond approximately to the already described positive locking contours 68 and 69 , The form-fitting contours 268 and 269 are therefore also preferably formed by a longitudinal shape having ribs and grooves or include such.

Of course, but could also spherical or, for example, bean-shaped form-fitting contours 68 and 69 and or 268 . 269 be provided.

The vehicle mounting part 221 has expediently a receiving recess 264 that's about the recording depth 64 of the fixing element 60 equivalent. Thus, so also run the form-fitting contours 268 and 269 arcuate in the receiving recess 264 into it, which ensures an optimal form-fitting effect.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1533149 A1 [0002]

Claims (9)

Towing hitch for a motor vehicle (K), with a coupling arm ( 11 ) for coupling a trailer or a rear load carrier, wherein the coupling arm ( 11 ) on a vehicle mount (K) fastened or fastened vehicle mount ( 20 ; 420 ; 220 ) on the vehicle mount ( 20 ; 420 ; 220 ) arranged bearing between a provided for attaching the trailer or the rear load carrier use position (G) and to the motor vehicle (K) closer adjusted non-use position (N) is pivotally mounted about a first and at least one second pivot axis, wherein at one for attachment to the Motor vehicle (K) provided vehicle mounting part ( 21 ; 421 ; 221 ) of the vehicle mount ( 20 ; 420 ; 220 ) a stock base body ( 33 ) of the bearing is stationary, on which a first pivot bearing element ( 31 ; 431 . 231 ) is pivotally mounted, and wherein on the first pivot bearing element ( 31 ; 431 . 231 ) at least one second pivot-bearing element, the coupling arm ( 11 ) carries, is pivotally mounted, wherein the hitch a fixing device for fixed fixing of the coupling arm ( 11 ) in the use position (G) and / or the non-use position (N), wherein the fixing device at least one between a fixing position (F) for fixing the coupling arm ( 11 ) and a release position (L) in which the coupling arm ( 11 ) is movable, movable fixing element ( 60 ) and a fixing drive ( 80 ) for driving the at least one fixing element ( 60 ), characterized in that the fixing drive ( 80 ) for driving the at least one fixing element ( 60 ) is provided and configured in the fixing position (F) and in the release position (L). Trailer coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing drive ( 80 ) is at least partially disposed in an interior of the bearing. Trailer coupling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one fixing element ( 60 ) is arranged outside of the bearing and by the fixing drive ( 80 ) is drivable out of the interior of the bearing out. Trailer coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one fixing element ( 60 ) in the release position (L) in a sense away from the bearing and in the fixing position (F) is adjusted in a sense to the camp out. Trailer coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing drive ( 80 ) one between which the coupling arm ( 11 ) carrying the second bearing element ( 32 . 432 ; 232 ) and the stock base body ( 33 ) arranged power transmission arrangement with at least one force transmission element ( 84 ) for driving the at least one fixing element ( 60 ). Trailer coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one power transmission element ( 84 ) between the storage base body ( 33 ) and the first bearing element ( 31 ; 431 . 231 ) is arranged. Trailer coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one power transmission element ( 84 ) comprises a sleeve body. Trailer coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle-holding part in particular a flange-like and / or plate-like support member ( 50 ), wherein on opposite sides of the support member ( 50 ) on the one hand the coupling arm ( 11 ) bearing bearing element and on the other hand, the at least one fixing element ( 60 ) are arranged. Trailer coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first pivot bearing element ( 31 ; 431 . 231 ) on the storage base body ( 33 ) is pivotally mounted about the first pivot axis (S1), and that the first and the at least one second pivot bearing element ( 32 . 432 ; 232 ) to form a universal joint by means of at least one axle element ( 44 ) are rotatably coupled to each other or are mounted on spherical surfaces to form a swash bearing or a ball joint bearing bearing together.

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