DE102012204966A1 - Battery system used in e.g. electric car, has PTC resistor which is located in close proximity to resistor to switch ON transistor to increase resistance value of PTC resistor while decreasing voltage value by heat action of resistor - Google Patents
Battery system used in e.g. electric car, has PTC resistor which is located in close proximity to resistor to switch ON transistor to increase resistance value of PTC resistor while decreasing voltage value by heat action of resistor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102012204966A1 DE102012204966A1 DE201210204966 DE102012204966A DE102012204966A1 DE 102012204966 A1 DE102012204966 A1 DE 102012204966A1 DE 201210204966 DE201210204966 DE 201210204966 DE 102012204966 A DE102012204966 A DE 102012204966A DE 102012204966 A1 DE102012204966 A1 DE 102012204966A1
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- resistor
- ptc
- battery system
- battery
- close proximity
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriesystem und ein Verfahren zum Balancieren der Batteriezellen eines Batteriesystems.The present invention relates to a battery system and a method for balancing the battery cells of a battery system.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es zeichnet sich ab, dass in Zukunft sowohl bei stationären Anwendungen (z. B. bei Windkraftanlagen) als auch in Fahrzeugen (z. B. in Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeugen) vermehrt neue Batteriesysteme zum Einsatz kommen werden, an die sehr hohe Anforderungen bezüglich Zuverlässigkeit gestellt werden. Hintergrund für diese hohen Anforderungen ist, dass ein Ausfall der Batterie zu einem Ausfall des Gesamtsystems führen kann (z. B. ein Ausfall der Traktionsbatterie bei einem Elektrofahrzeug) oder sogar zu einem sicherheitsrelevanten Problem führen kann (bei Windkraftanlagen werden z. B. Batterien eingesetzt, um bei starkem Wind die Anlage durch eine Rotorblattverstellung vor unzulässigen Betriebszuständen zu schützen).It is becoming apparent that in the future, both in stationary applications (eg in wind turbines) and in vehicles (eg in hybrid and electric vehicles), new battery systems will increasingly be used, to which very high reliability requirements will apply be put. The background to these high requirements is that failure of the battery can lead to a failure of the entire system (eg failure of the traction battery in an electric vehicle) or even to a safety-related problem (for example, wind turbines use batteries in order to protect the system from impermissible operating conditions in a strong wind by a rotor blade adjustment).
Ein Problem beim Einsatz vieler einzelner in Reihe geschalteter Batteriezellen besteht darin, dass die Batteriezellen nicht perfekt gleich sind, was zu ungleichen Zellspannungen führen kann, insbesondere über längere Zeitspannen von der Größenordnung der Lebensdauer der Batterie. Da insbesondere bei Lithium-Ionen-Batterien das Überladen oder das Tiefentladen einzelner Zellen zu einer irreversiblen Schädigung der Batterie führt, muss in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen ein sogenanntes Zell-Balancing durchgeführt werden. Zu diesem Zweck werden die einzelnen Zellen durch externe Beschaltungsmaßnahmen so ge- oder entladen, dass sie wieder gleiche Zellspannung besitzen.A problem with the use of many individual series-connected battery cells is that the battery cells are not perfectly equal, which can lead to unequal cell voltages, especially over extended periods of the life of the battery. Since overcharging or total discharge of individual cells leads to irreversible damage to the battery, in particular in the case of lithium-ion batteries, so-called cell balancing must be carried out at regular intervals. For this purpose, the individual cells are charged or discharged by external wiring measures so that they again have the same cell voltage.
Stand der Technik ist dabei das sogenannte Widerstandsbalancing, bei dem ein Widerstand oder eine Widerstandskombination über Schalter einzelne Zellen so lange belastet, bis alle Zellen das gleiche Spannungsniveau erreicht haben. Figur 2 zeigt ein Prinzipschaltbild eines Batteriesystems nach diesem Prinzip. Die in Reihe geschalteten Batteriezellen Z1, ..., Zn werden über die Schalter S1, ..., Sn mit den Widerständen R1, ..., Rn belastet. Beispielsweise wird die Batteriezelle Z1 über die Widerstände R1 und R2 entladen, wenn der Schalter S1 eingeschaltet ist. Bei diesem Verfahren werden zunächst alle Zellspannungen gemessen, die Spannungen der einzelnen Zellen miteinander verglichen und über eine zentrale Steuersoftware die Schalter so lange eingeschaltet, bis die zu entladenden Zellen auf das gewünschte Niveau entladen sind.The state of the art in this case is the so-called resistance balancing, in which a resistor or a combination of resistors loads individual cells via switches until all cells have reached the same voltage level. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a battery system according to this principle. The series-connected battery cells Z 1 ,..., Z n are charged via the switches S 1 ,..., S n to the resistors R 1 ,..., R n . For example, the battery cell Z 1 is discharged via the resistors R 1 and R 2 when the switch S 1 is turned on. In this method, first all cell voltages are measured, the voltages of the individual cells compared with each other and switched on a central control software, the switches until the cells to be discharged are discharged to the desired level.
Das Balancieren von Batteriezellen nach dem Stand der Technik hat den Nachteil, dass in der Batterie gespeicherte Energie durch Verlustleistung in den Widerständen in Wärme umgewandelt wird, um den gewünschten Ladungsausgleich zu erreichen. Diese Wärme kann zu einer Überhitzung der Widerstände und somit zu einer Beschädigung selbiger führen bzw. in einer verfrühten Alterung der betroffenen Bauteile resultieren.The prior art balancing of battery cells has the disadvantage that energy stored in the battery is converted to heat by power dissipation in the resistors to achieve the desired charge balance. This heat can lead to overheating of the resistors and thus damage selbiger or result in premature aging of the affected components.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriesystem mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen, denen jeweils eine Balancing-Schaltung zugeordnet ist. Die Balancing-Schaltung umfasst eine Reihenschaltung aus wenigstens einem Widerstand und mindestens einem Schaltmittel sowie einer, zu der Reihenschaltung parallel geschalteten Batteriezelle, und mindestens einem, zu der Reihenschaltung parallel geschalteten ASIC. Sie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Kaltleiter, der sich in unmittelbarer Nähe zu dem wenigstens einen Widerstand befindet, dazu ausgelegt ist, nach dem Einschalten des mindestens einen Schaltmittels, durch die Hitzeeinwirkung des wenigstens einen Widerstands, seinen Widerstandswert mindestens so weit zu erhöhen, dass die Spannung an dem wenigstens einen Widerstand so weit abfällt, dass sie sich in einem für diesen wenigstens einen Widerstand zulässigen Spannungsbereich bewegt und den Stromfluss durch die Reihenschaltung auf einen zuvor durch die Dimensionierung der Bauteile festgelegten Wert begrenzt.The invention relates to a battery system with a plurality of battery cells, each of which is associated with a balancing circuit. The balancing circuit comprises a series circuit comprising at least one resistor and at least one switching means and a battery cell connected in parallel with the series connection, and at least one ASIC connected in parallel with the series connection. It is characterized in that a PTC thermistor, which is in close proximity to the at least one resistor, is adapted, after switching on the at least one switching means, by the action of heat of the at least one resistor, to increase its resistance at least so far that the voltage across the at least one resistor drops so far that it moves in a voltage range permissible for this at least one resistor and limits the current flow through the series connection to a value previously determined by the dimensioning of the components.
Die Erfindung geht demnach aus von einem Batteriesystem mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen, die jeweils über eine Balancing-Schaltung auf insgesamt identischen Ladungsstand (State of Charge, SOC) gebracht werden können. Die Balancing-Schaltung einer Batteriezelle umfasst eine Reihenschaltung, bestehend aus einem Widerstand, der mit geringem Abstand, in Reichweite seiner Wärmestrahlung, direkt vor oder hinter einem Kaltleiter positioniert ist und einem Schaltmittel, mit welchem das Balancing eingeleitet und beendet werden kann. Die Reihenschaltung ist parallel geschaltet zu der Batteriezelle selbst und zu mindestens einem ASIC. Gekennzeichnet ist die Balancing-Schaltung dadurch, dass nach dem Einschalten des mindestens einen Schaltmittels der Batteriezelle elektrische Energie in Form von Strom entnommen und über den Widerstand in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Kaltleiter und Widerstand sind bezüglich ihres Abstands zueinander und ihrer charakteristischen Eigenschaften so angeordnet und ausgelegt, dass bei zu starker Erhitzung des Widerstands, der Kaltleiter, welcher der von dem Widerstand abgestrahlten Wärme ausgesetzt ist, seinen Widerstandswert entsprechend seiner Kennlinie derart erhöht, dass der Stromfluss durch die Reihenschaltung auf einen Wert begrenzt wird, welcher sich für alle Widerstände der Reihenschaltung im Rahmen ihrer zulässigen Betriebstoleranzen bewegt und sich die elektrische Leistung am erhitzten Widerstand verringert und somit seine Temperatur fällt.The invention is therefore based on a battery system with a plurality of battery cells, which can be brought via a balancing circuit to a total identical state of charge (SOC). The balancing Circuit of a battery cell comprises a series circuit consisting of a resistor which is positioned at a short distance, within range of its thermal radiation, directly in front of or behind a PTC thermistor and a switching means with which the balancing can be initiated and terminated. The series connection is connected in parallel to the battery cell itself and to at least one ASIC. The balancing circuit is characterized in that, after switching on the at least one switching means of the battery cell, electrical energy is taken in the form of electricity and converted into heat via the resistor. PTC resistor and resistance are arranged and designed with respect to their distance from each other and their characteristics that too much heating of the resistor, the PTC, which is exposed to the radiated heat from the resistor, its resistance value according to its characteristic such that the current flow through the series connection is limited to a value which moves for all the resistors of the series connection within their permissible operating tolerances and the electrical power at the heated resistor decreases and thus its temperature drops.
Ein Kaltleiter wie in dem obigen Zusammenhang ist ein Strom leitendes Material, das bei tiefen Temperaturen den Strom besser leiten kann als bei hohen.A PTC thermistor, as in the above context, is a current conducting material that can conduct the current better at low temperatures than at high temperatures.
Der Wert, auf den der Kaltleiter den Stromfluss durch die Reihenschaltung begrenzt, liegt innerhalb der Betriebstoleranz des Widerstands der Reihenschaltung mit dem geringsten Widerstandswert. The value at which the PTC restricts the current flow through the series connection is within the operating tolerance of the resistance of the series circuit with the lowest resistance value.
Vorzugsweise ist das Schaltmittel des Batteriesystems ein bipolarer Transistor, da dieser mit seiner steilen Kennlinie und seiner geringen Einsatzspannung das Verhalten eines Schalters besonders gut approximiert. Preferably, the switching means of the battery system is a bipolar transistor, since this particularly well approximates the behavior of a switch with its steep characteristic and its low threshold voltage.
Ferner ist es bevorzugt, eine Balancing-Schaltung mit zwei Widerständen zu verwenden, welche sich in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Kaltleiter, vor und nach ihm in der Reihenschaltung positioniert, befinden. Die unmittelbare Nähe bemisst sich in diesem Fall nach der Wärme-Abstrahlung der zwei Widerstände. Die Doppelanordnung zweier Widerstände unmittelbar vor und nach dem Kaltleiter führt aufgrund einer räumlich günstigeren Anordnung der Widerstände zu einer schnelleren, beidseitigen Erwärmung des Kaltleiters. Dadurch kommt es zu einem schnelleren Anstieg des Widerstandswerts des Kaltleiters und somit zu einer schnelleren Reduktion des Stromflusses durch die Reihenschaltung, was einen besseren Schutz der Widerstände der Balancing-Schaltung vor Überhitzung bedeutet. Furthermore, it is preferred to use a balancing circuit with two resistors, which are in close proximity to the PTC, before and after positioned in the series circuit. The immediate vicinity is measured in this case after the heat radiation of the two resistors. The double arrangement of two resistors immediately before and after the PTC leads due to a spatially favorable arrangement of the resistors to a faster, two-sided heating of the PTC thermistor. This results in a faster increase of the resistance value of the PTC thermistor and thus a faster reduction of the current flow through the series circuit, which means a better protection of the resistors of the balancing circuit from overheating.
Ferner ist es bevorzugt, ein Batteriesystem zu verwenden, bei dem die Batteriezelle eine Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezelle ist.Furthermore, it is preferable to use a battery system in which the battery cell is a lithium-ion battery cell.
Zeichnungendrawings
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden mit Bezug auf die Zeichnungen anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings with reference to embodiments. Show it:
Die
Der Aufbau der Balancing-Schaltung
Zu
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201210204966 DE102012204966A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Battery system used in e.g. electric car, has PTC resistor which is located in close proximity to resistor to switch ON transistor to increase resistance value of PTC resistor while decreasing voltage value by heat action of resistor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201210204966 DE102012204966A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Battery system used in e.g. electric car, has PTC resistor which is located in close proximity to resistor to switch ON transistor to increase resistance value of PTC resistor while decreasing voltage value by heat action of resistor |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102012204966A1 true DE102012204966A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
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DE201210204966 Withdrawn DE102012204966A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2012-03-28 | Battery system used in e.g. electric car, has PTC resistor which is located in close proximity to resistor to switch ON transistor to increase resistance value of PTC resistor while decreasing voltage value by heat action of resistor |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104333090A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-04 | 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 | MT (Mobile Terminal) for realizing large current charging and charging method thereof |
WO2017201957A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Protective device and method for bms power source loop, and electric vehicle |
CN109910682A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of temperature control module, electric vehicle and system applied to battery power supply system |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19717105A1 (en) * | 1996-04-24 | 1997-11-06 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Battery charge control system |
EP0814556A2 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for battery charge balancing |
WO2011024477A1 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Battery module, battery system and electrically driven vehicle |
DE102009041005A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Device for balancing an energy store |
-
2012
- 2012-03-28 DE DE201210204966 patent/DE102012204966A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19717105A1 (en) * | 1996-04-24 | 1997-11-06 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Battery charge control system |
EP0814556A2 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for battery charge balancing |
WO2011024477A1 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Battery module, battery system and electrically driven vehicle |
DE102009041005A1 (en) * | 2009-09-10 | 2011-03-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Device for balancing an energy store |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104333090A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-04 | 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 | MT (Mobile Terminal) for realizing large current charging and charging method thereof |
CN104333090B (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2017-03-08 | 捷开通讯(深圳)有限公司 | For realizing mobile terminal and its charging method of large current charge |
WO2017201957A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Protective device and method for bms power source loop, and electric vehicle |
CN109910682A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-21 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of temperature control module, electric vehicle and system applied to battery power supply system |
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