DE102012020354A1 - Process for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction - Google Patents
Process for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction Download PDFInfo
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- DE102012020354A1 DE102012020354A1 DE102012020354.3A DE102012020354A DE102012020354A1 DE 102012020354 A1 DE102012020354 A1 DE 102012020354A1 DE 102012020354 A DE102012020354 A DE 102012020354A DE 102012020354 A1 DE102012020354 A1 DE 102012020354A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G5/00—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
- C10G5/04—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas with liquid absorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
- C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G5/00—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G5/00—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
- C10G5/06—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas by cooling or compressing
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
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- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0247—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 4 carbon atoms or more
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/061—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
- F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/065—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 4 carbon atoms or more
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/543—Distillation, fractionation or rectification for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/40—Features relating to the provision of boil-up in the bottom of a column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/50—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using absorption, i.e. with selective solvents or lean oil, heavier CnHm and including generally a regeneration step for the solvent or lean oil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
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- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
- F25J2260/20—Integration in an installation for liquefying or solidifying a fluid stream
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- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
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- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
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- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
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Abstract
Es wird ein Verfahren zum Abtrennen schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere von C6+-Kohlenwasserstoffen und/oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie Benzol, aus einer zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, insbesondere aus Erdgas, beschrieben, wobei die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion (1) vor der Abtrennung (T1) der schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe (7) vorgekühlt wird (E1). Erfindungsgemäß wird bzw. werden der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion (1) vor ihrer Vorkühlung (E1) und/oder der für die Abtrennung (T1) der schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe (7) dienenden Abtrennkolonne (T1) (eine) C5-Kohlenwasserstoffreiche Fraktion(en) (14, 15) zumindest in einer Menge zugemischt, vorzugsweise in flüssiger Form, dass ein Ausfrieren der abzutrennenden schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe (7) vermieden wird.A process for the separation of heavy hydrocarbons, in particular C6 + hydrocarbons and / or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied, in particular from natural gas, is described, the hydrocarbon-rich fraction (1) before the separation (T1) of the heavy hydrocarbons (7) is pre-cooled (E1). According to the invention, the hydrocarbon-rich fraction (1) is / are pre-cooled (E1) and / or the separation column (T1) used for the separation (T1) of the heavy hydrocarbons (7) (a) C5-hydrocarbon-rich fraction (s) (14, 15) admixed at least in an amount, preferably in liquid form, in order to avoid freezing out of the heavy hydrocarbons (7) to be separated.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abtrennen schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere von C6+-Kohlenwasserstoffen und/oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie Benzol, aus einer zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Fraktion, insbesondere aus Erdgas, wobei die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion vor der Abtrennung der schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe vorgekühlt wird.The invention relates to a process for separating heavy hydrocarbons, in particular C 6+ hydrocarbons and / or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied, in particular from natural gas, wherein the hydrocarbon-rich fraction precooled before separation of the heavy hydrocarbons becomes.
Üblicherweise werden schwere Kohlenwasserstoffe – nachfolgend als SKW bezeichnet – aus Erdgasen mittels eines Abscheiders oder einer SKW-Abtrennkolonne entfernt, da sie anderenfalls zu Feststoffausfall im verflüssigten Erdgas (LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas) bei tiefen Temperaturen führen würden. Müssen aus dem Erdgas SKW, die nahezu unlöslich im verflüssigten Erdgas bei tiefen Temperaturen sind – bspw. ist die Benzollöslichkeit bei einer Temperatur von –162°C kleiner 1 Mol-ppm – abgetrennt werden, ist eine destillative Abtrennung Stand der Technik, insbesondere bei hohen Erdgasdrücken, die einen geringeren Energieverbrauch für die Erdgasverflüssigung ermöglichen. Das Erdgas wird üblicherweise gegen Kältemittel vorgekühlt, vorzugsweise auf –25 bis –55°C, bevor es in die SKW-Abtrennkolonne geführt wird. Der für die Abtrennung der SKW notwendige Rücklauf am Kopf der Abtrennkolonne wird entweder durch ein Kältemittel erzeugt oder ein Teilstrom des verflüssigten Erdgases (LNG) wird als Rücklauf verwendet.Usually heavy hydrocarbons - hereinafter referred to as SKW - removed from natural gases by means of a separator or a SKW separation column, as they would otherwise lead to solid loss in liquefied natural gas (LNG - Liquefied Natural Gas) at low temperatures. If natural gas SKW, which is almost insoluble in the liquefied natural gas at low temperatures - for example, the benzene solubility at a temperature of -162 ° C less than 1 mole ppm - are separated, a distillative separation state of the art, especially at high Natural gas pressures that allow lower energy consumption for natural gas liquefaction. The natural gas is usually precooled against refrigerant, preferably at -25 to -55 ° C before being fed into the SKW separation column. The necessary for the separation of the SKW return at the top of the separation column is either generated by a refrigerant or a partial stream of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is used as reflux.
Die vorbeschriebenen Verfahrensweisen sind jedoch bei sog. sehr leichten Erdgasen – darunter seien nachfolgend Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktionen bzw. Erdgase zu verstehen, deren Gehalt an C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffen weniger als 15 Mol-% beträgt – nicht mehr anwendbar, da
- – SKW, wie bspw. Benzol, bereits bei der Vorkühlung des Erdgases ausfrieren würden,
- – SKW, wie bspw. Benzol, in der SKW-Abtrennkolonne ausfrieren würden,
- – die für die hydraulische Funktionalität der SKW-Abtrennkolonne erforderliche Flüssigkeitsbelastung einer Trennstufe (bspw. eines Trennbodens, einer Packung und/oder einer Füllkörperschicht) nicht erreicht werden kann, und
- – die für die hydraulische Funktionalität der SKW-Abtrennkolonne erforderliche Dichtedifferenz zwischen den Gas- und den Flüssigphasen nicht erreicht werden kann.
- - SKW, such as benzene, would freeze out during the pre-cooling of the natural gas,
- - SKW, such as benzene, would freeze out in the SKW separation column,
- - The required for the hydraulic functionality of the SKW separation column liquid loading of a separation stage (eg. A separating tray, a packing and / or a packed bed) can not be achieved, and
- - The required for the hydraulic functionality of the SKW separation column density difference between the gas and the liquid phases can not be achieved.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zum Abtrennen schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe aus einer zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion anzugeben, das mit einem angemessenen apparativen Aufwand eine ausreichende Abtrennung von SKW, insbesondere von Benzol, aus der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion ermöglicht, ohne den Energieverbrauch für den Verflüssigungsprozess merklich zu erhöhen.The object of the present invention is to provide a process for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied, which with a reasonable amount of equipment allows sufficient separation of SKW, in particular benzene, from the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied, without appreciably increasing the energy consumption for the liquefaction process.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abtrennen schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe aus einer zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Fraktion vor ihrer Vorkühlung und/oder der für die Abtrennung der schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe dienenden Abtrennkolonne eine C5-Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion zumindest in einer Menge zugemischt wird, vorzugsweise in flüssiger Form, dass ein Ausfrieren der abzutrennenden schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe vermieden wird.To solve this problem, a generic method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied is proposed, which is characterized in that the hydrocarbon-rich fraction before its precooling and / or the separation column used for the separation of the heavy hydrocarbons C 5 - Hydrocarbon-rich fraction is admixed at least in an amount, preferably in liquid form, that a freezing of the heavy hydrocarbons to be separated is avoided.
Erfindungsgemäß wird bzw. werden der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion noch vor deren Vorkühlung und/oder der für die Abtrennung der schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe dienenden Abtrennkolonne (eine) C5-Kohlenwasserstoffe-reiche Fraktion(en) zugemischt bzw. eingedüst, wobei deren Menge derart groß gewählt ist, dass ein Ausfrieren der abzutrennenden schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe in der Vorkühlstufe und/oder der der Vorkühlstufe nachgeschalteten Abtrennstufe für die schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe wirkungsvoll vermieden werden kann. Hierbei liegt bzw. liegen die C5-Kohlenwasserstoffe-reiche(n) Fraktion(en) vorzugsweise flüssig vor. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erfordert dazu die Bereitstellung wenigstens einer geeigneten C5-Kohlenwasserstoffe-reichen Fraktion, auf die im Folgenden noch eingegangen werden wird.According to the invention, the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied is / are mixed or injected with C 5 -hydrocarbons-rich fraction (s) before their precooling and / or the separation column used for the separation of the heavy hydrocarbons, the amount thereof being such is chosen large that a freezing of the heavy hydrocarbons to be separated in the pre-cooling stage and / or the pre-cooling stage downstream separation stage for the heavy hydrocarbons can be effectively avoided. In this case, the C 5 -hydrocarbon-rich fraction (s) is preferably in liquid form. The process according to the invention requires the provision of at least one suitable C 5 -hydrocarbon-rich fraction, which will be discussed below.
Im Gegensatz zu den eingangs beschriebenen, zum Stand der Technik zählenden Verfahren, ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eine hinreichende Abtrennung von schweren Kohlenwasserstoffen (SKW), insbesondere von Benzol, aus sog. sehr leichten Erdgasen, so dass das Ausfrieren dieser Komponenten im Verflüssigungsprozess vermieden werden kannIn contrast to the processes described above, which belong to the state of the art, the process according to the invention makes it possible to sufficiently separate heavy hydrocarbons (SKW), in particular benzene, from so-called very light natural gases, so that the freezing of these components in the liquefaction process can be avoided
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Abtrennen schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe aus einer zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, die Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche darstellen, sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- – die zuzumischende(n) C5-Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche(n) Fraktion(en) zumindest teilweise aus der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion gebildet wird bzw. werden,
- – der Gehalt der C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffe in der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion höchstens 15 Mol-% beträgt,
- – die zuzumischende(n) C5-Kohlenwasserstoffe-reiche(n) Fraktion(en) zwischen 50 und 100 Vol.-% i- und/oder n-Pentan enthält bzw. enthalten,
- – die zuzumischende(n) C5-Kohlenwasserstoffe-reiche(n) Fraktion(en) zusätzlich Propan, Butan, Hexan und/oder höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe enthält bzw. enthalten können,
- – der Abtrennkolonne ein Teilstrom der nicht vorgekühlten Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Fraktion (als Heizmedium zugeführt wird,
- – die der Abtrennkolonne zugeführte C5-Kohlenwasserstoffe-reiche Fraktion auf eine Temperatur zwischen –100 und –130°C abgekühlt und der Abtrennkolonne vorzugsweise oberhalb des Zuspeisepunktes der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion zugeführt wird,
- – der Abtrennkolonne ein Teilstrom der von schweren Kohlenwasserstoffen befreiten und verflüssigten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion als Rücklauf zugeführt wird, und/oder
- – die zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion vor der Abtrennung der schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe auf eine Temperatur zwischen –25 und –55°C vorgekühlt wird.
- - the blending (n) C 5 hydrocarbon-rich (s) fraction (s) is at least partially formed from the to be liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction and are
- - the content of C 2+ hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied is not more than 15 mol%,
- The mixture (s) to be admixed contains C 5 -hydrocarbon-rich fraction (s) between 50 and 100% by volume of i- and / or n-pentane,
- The mixture (s) of C 5 -hydrocarbon-rich fraction (s) to be admixed additionally contain or contain propane, butane, hexane and / or higher hydrocarbons,
- A partial stream of the non-precooled hydrocarbon-rich fraction (as heating medium) is fed to the separation column,
- The C 5 -hydrocarbon-rich fraction fed to the separation column is cooled to a temperature between -100 and -130 ° C. and is fed to the separation column, preferably above the feed point of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied,
- The fractionating column is supplied with a partial stream of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction freed of heavy hydrocarbons and liquefied as reflux, and / or
- - Pre-cooling the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied before separation of the heavy hydrocarbons to a temperature between -25 and -55 ° C.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abtrennen schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe aus einer zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen desselben seien nachfolgend anhand des in der
Die zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion
Die Abkühlung der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion in den Wärmetauschern E1, E2 und E2 kann gegen einen oder mehrere Kältemittelkreisläufe und/oder Kältemittelgemischkreisläufe erfolgen. Da diese nicht Gegenstand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind, erübrigt sich eine Darstellung im Detail.The cooling of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied in the heat exchangers E1, E2 and E2 can take place against one or more refrigerant circuits and / or refrigerant mixture cycles. Since these are not the subject of the method according to the invention, a representation in detail is unnecessary.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
Diese der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Abtrennkolonne T1 über Leitung
Die Abtrennkolonne T1 wird aus energetischen Gründen möglichst nahe an dem Druck betrieben, unter dem die zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion
Diese Flüssigfraktion
Bei der in der
Am Kopf der Abtrennkolonne T1 wird über Leitung
Über Leitung
Alternativ oder ergänzend kann auch ein Teilstrom des für die Abkühlung und Verflüssigung der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
Wie bereits erwähnt, wird das flüssige Sumpfprodukt
Das Kopfprodukt
Die im Rücklaufbehälter D2 anfallende Flüssigfraktion
Die Rücklaufmenge des ersten Teilstromes
In Abhängigkeit von der Pentan-Konzentration in der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
Die eingangs erwähnte Zumischung einer C5-Kohlenwasserstoffe-reichen Fraktion zu der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
Die Verflüssigung und Unterkühlung der am Kopf der Abtrennkolonne T1 abgezogenen Kohlenwasserstoffe-reichen Fraktion
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abtrennen schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe aus einer zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion ermöglicht mit einem angemessenen apparativen Aufwand eine ausreichende Abtrennung schwerer Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere von Benzol, aus der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion um Feststoffausfall zu vermeiden, ohne dabei den Energieverbrauch für den Verflüssigungsprozess merklich zu erhöhen.The inventive method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied with a reasonable expenditure on equipment sufficient separation of heavy hydrocarbons, especially benzene, from the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied to avoid solid precipitation, without reducing the energy consumption for the Noticeably increase the liquefaction process.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102012020354.3A DE102012020354A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2012-10-16 | Process for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
PCT/EP2013/002974 WO2014060072A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-02 | Method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
BR112015007787A BR112015007787A2 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-02 | method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon rich fraction |
AU2013332024A AU2013332024A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-02 | Method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
US14/435,749 US20150267137A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-02 | Method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
RU2015111202A RU2015111202A (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-02 | METHOD FOR REMOVING HEAVY HYDROCARBONS FROM FRACTION WITH HIGH CONTENT OF HYDROCARBONS |
CN201380049811.4A CN104685032A (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-02 | Method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
CA2881984A CA2881984A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2013-10-02 | Method for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
NO20150584A NO20150584A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2015-05-12 | Method of separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
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DE102012020354.3A DE102012020354A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2012-10-16 | Process for separating heavy hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
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US (1) | US20150267137A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104685032A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2013332024A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015007787A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2881984A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012020354A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20150584A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2015111202A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014060072A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2016137842A1 (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-09-01 | Ihi E&C International Corporation | Method and apparatus for removing benzene contaminants from natural gas |
EP3315773A1 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Pump feed tank, rectification system and method of low temperature rectification |
EP3600611A4 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2020-12-16 | ConocoPhillips Company | Alternative two column hru design with rich reflux |
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JP6931405B2 (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2021-09-01 | エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー | Separation system using bundled compact parallel flow contact system |
CN107726731B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-12-03 | 枣庄学院 | A kind of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) production device and its production technology of anti-frozen block |
JP7051372B2 (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2022-04-11 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | Hydrocarbon separation method and equipment |
JP7043126B6 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2022-04-18 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | A device for separating and recovering multiple types of hydrocarbons from LNG |
WO2019193740A1 (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-10 | 日揮株式会社 | Natural gas treatment method, and natural gas treatment device |
CN109401802A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-01 | 天津市振津石油天然气工程有限公司 | It is a kind of for removing the skid-mounted unit of heavy hydrocarbon component in natural gas |
RU2730291C1 (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-08-21 | Андрей Владиславович Курочкин | Low-temperature fractionation unit for complex gas treatment |
CN115371288B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-09-12 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Cooling system for providing cooling energy for refinery by LNG receiving station |
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DE102004046342A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Linde Ag | Removal of unwanted components (e.g. heavy hydrocarbon) from hydrocarbon-rich gas stream comprises adding heavy hydrocarbon-containing fraction to the gas stream; separating mixed fraction; and liquefying gas fraction |
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-
2012
- 2012-10-16 DE DE102012020354.3A patent/DE102012020354A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-10-02 CA CA2881984A patent/CA2881984A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-02 CN CN201380049811.4A patent/CN104685032A/en active Pending
- 2013-10-02 BR BR112015007787A patent/BR112015007787A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-10-02 WO PCT/EP2013/002974 patent/WO2014060072A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-10-02 RU RU2015111202A patent/RU2015111202A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-10-02 US US14/435,749 patent/US20150267137A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-02 AU AU2013332024A patent/AU2013332024A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2015
- 2015-05-12 NO NO20150584A patent/NO20150584A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2016137842A1 (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2016-09-01 | Ihi E&C International Corporation | Method and apparatus for removing benzene contaminants from natural gas |
US10126049B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2018-11-13 | Ihi E&C International Corporation | Method and apparatus for removing benzene contaminants from natural gas |
EP3315773A1 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Pump feed tank, rectification system and method of low temperature rectification |
WO2018077946A1 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Pump reservoir, rectification system and process for low-temperature rectification |
EP3600611A4 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2020-12-16 | ConocoPhillips Company | Alternative two column hru design with rich reflux |
US11320197B2 (en) | 2017-03-20 | 2022-05-03 | Conocophillips Company | Alternative two column HRU design with rich reflux |
Also Published As
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AU2013332024A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
NO20150584A1 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
BR112015007787A2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
CA2881984A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
RU2015111202A (en) | 2016-12-10 |
CN104685032A (en) | 2015-06-03 |
WO2014060072A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
US20150267137A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
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