DE102019211846A1 - Method for generating a coherent surface area, irradiation device and processing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

One aspect of the invention relates to a method for generating a contiguous surface area (2) of a three-dimensional component by irradiating a powder layer (3) using a processing beam, comprising: moving the processing beam along a plurality of strips (S1, S2, ...) over the contiguous surface area (2), wherein in a respective strip (S1, S2, ...) the contiguous surface area (2) is irradiated in a plurality of directly adjoining partial areas (T1, T2), and wherein a respective partial area (T1, T2) is traversed with the processing beam in a scanning movement until the powder layer (3) has completely melted in the respective sub-area (T1, T2). Either a first sub-area (T1) of a respective strip (S1, S2, ...) is scanned by means of the processing beam (4) in a first scanning direction (R1) and a second sub-area (T2) of the strip (S1, S2, ...), which directly adjoins the first partial area (T1) along a common edge (10), is scanned by means of the processing beam (4) in a second scanning direction (R2) different from the first, in particular to the first perpendicular scanning direction , or first partial areas of a first strip that are directly adjacent to one another at specific points are scanned by means of the processing beam in a first scanning direction and immediately afterwards, second partial areas of a second strip immediately adjacent to the first, which are directly adjacent to one another at specific points, are scanned in a second, the first different scanning direction, in particular perpendicular to the first scanning direction by means of the processing beam sca nnend departed. The invention also relates to an irradiation device and a processing machine for performing the method.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a coherent surface area of a three-dimensional component by irradiating a powder layer by means of a processing beam, in particular by means of a laser beam or an electron beam. In one aspect of the invention, the method comprises: moving the processing beam along a plurality of strips over the contiguous surface area, wherein in a respective strip the contiguous surface area is irradiated in a plurality of directly adjoining partial areas, and wherein a respective partial area with the processing beam in a scanning movement is carried out until the powder layer is completely melted in the respective sub-area. The invention also relates to an irradiation device for a processing machine for producing three-dimensional components by irradiating powder layers. In one aspect of the invention, the irradiation device comprises a scanner device for aligning a processing beam on a powder layer in a processing plane, a control device which is designed to control the scanner device for moving the processing beam along a plurality of stripes over the contiguous surface area in order to control in a respective stripe to irradiate the contiguous surface area in a plurality of directly adjoining partial areas, and to control the scanner device to scan a respective partial area with the processing beam until the powder layer in the respective partial area is completely melted. The invention also relates to a processing machine, comprising: a processing chamber with a processing level in which a powder layer to be irradiated can be arranged, and preferably a supply device for providing a gas stream that flows over the processing level in a construction platform area provided for providing a powder bed. In one aspect of the invention, the irradiation device is designed as described above.

Three-dimensional components can be manufactured using so-called generative manufacturing processes (also known as additive manufacturing processes). In such methods, the three-dimensional component is generated in layers or in layers. In so-called selective laser melting or laser sintering (also referred to as laser metal fusion, LMF), a powder material is designated locally by a high-energy processing beam, in particular by a laser beam or by an electron beam (in a vacuum, usually as electron beam melting, EBM) ), melted to produce a layer of the three-dimensional component.

In order to generate a coherent surface area, it is necessary to completely scan (or rasterize) this area or the area to be melted using the processing beam. For this purpose, the contiguous surface area is usually divided into strips or a checkerboard-like pattern with a plurality of square or rectangular sub-areas, as is the case, for example, in FIG EP 2 956 262 B1 is described. In both cases it is necessary to process the generated polygon groups (consisting of a large number of (scan) vectors) or sub-areas in a predetermined order. The order in which the sub-areas are processed has a decisive influence on the quality of the component produced.

In the US 2019/0039318 A1 describes a method in which, for the production of a cylindrical component, a powder layer is divided into a plurality of strips along which the powder material is melted by an energy source. A respective strip can be irradiated in a plurality of directly adjoining, for example square, partial areas. The partial areas of a coherent surface area can be arranged, for example, in the manner of chessboard fields in a grid and traversed from top to bottom and from left to right with a scanning movement. Alternatively, the sequence in which the partial areas are irradiated can be randomized. The alignment of the strips can also vary from powder layer to powder layer in order to randomize the orientation of the scans that are used to manufacture the component.

From the WO 2019/016061 A1 a method for generating a coherent surface area has become known, in which first sub-areas are scanned in a scanning movement in a first scanning direction, while second sub-areas, which directly adjoin the first sub-areas, are scanned along a second, for example perpendicular to the first scanning direction in a scanning direction Movement are traversed in order not to develop any preferred directions in the material of the component. The first and second partial areas can be arranged in a checkerboard pattern. To generate the coherent surface area, all first partial areas and then all second partial areas can be processed.

With such an arrangement of first and second partial areas in a checkerboard pattern, the irradiation of the first partial areas can for example, in a respective stripe along a stripe formation vector from right to left and the stripes can be processed from top to bottom, the second partial areas being omitted in each case. In a subsequent step, the second partial areas can be processed accordingly, the first, already exposed partial areas being omitted.

Alternatively, it is possible to generate the coherent surface area to work through the first partial areas diagonally to the checkerboard-like pattern or grid, i.e. along a strip formation direction which is aligned at an angle of 45 ° to the grid. In this case too, the second partial areas are only exposed when the exposure of the first partial areas has been completed.

The DE 100 42 134 C2 describes a method for the production of three-dimensional workpieces in which a region-wise irradiation of fixed individual sections takes place, which are irradiated one after the other in a stochastic distribution, the successive irradiation of adjacent individual sections being excluded. Also in the WO 2008/074287 A1 it is described that individual sections irradiated one after the other must not lie directly next to one another.

The contiguous surface area or a surface area of the three-dimensional component surrounded by an edge contour can be produced together with other contiguous surface areas of one and the same component or further components from the powder layers of a powder bed that is placed on a construction platform (substrate plate) of an LMF processing machine is arranged. In this case it is necessary to define a sequence for processing the connected surface areas.

From the EP 3 323 534 A1 it is known to select the sequence of areas to be solidified in a respective powder layer as a function of the direction of flow of a gas stream which is guided over the powder layer. Here, the areas to be solidified in each powder layer are scanned in a sequence in which each area, which is located downstream of another area in the flow direction of the gas flow, is scanned before the other area. In this way, it is intended to prevent the smoke or dirt that occurs when the other area is irradiated from being deposited in the area to be solidified.

To increase the efficiency or the build-up rate, two or more processing beams can be used to simultaneously process one or more contiguous surface areas of one and the same powder layer. In this case, too, it is necessary to establish a sequence in which the connected surface areas or partial areas of the connected surface areas are processed.

Object of the invention

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, as well as an irradiation device and a processing machine with such an irradiation device, with which an efficient production of contiguous surface areas of three-dimensional components is possible without sacrificing the quality of the components produced.

Subject of the invention

According to a first aspect, this object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which either a first sub-area of a respective strip is scanned by means of the processing beam in a first scanning direction and immediately thereafter a second sub-area of the strip, which runs along a common edge adjoins the first sub-area, is scanned by means of the processing beam in a second scanning direction different from the first, in particular to the first perpendicular scanning direction, or in the case of the first sub-areas of a first strip that are directly adjacent to one another at specific points, scanning by means of the processing beam in a first scanning direction are traversed and immediately following second partial areas of a second strip immediately adjacent to the first, which directly adjoin one another at specific points, in a second scan line different from the first, in particular perpendicular to the first scan line device can be scanned by means of the processing beam.

As described above, in the generation of a coherent surface area, in which first partial areas are scanned in a scanning movement in a first scanning direction, while second partial areas, which directly adjoin the first partial areas, along a second, different from the first, are traversed in a scanning movement in particular to the first perpendicular scanning direction, as a rule all first partial areas are irradiated before the second partial areas are irradiated, or vice versa.

The inventor has recognized that this sequence of irradiating the subregions can be disadvantageous, in particular when generating comparatively large contiguous surface regions, since the part of the surface region with which the irradiation of the first partial areas was started has already cooled down again when the irradiation of the second partial areas is started. In order to avoid this problem, it is proposed not to leave any longer pauses between the irradiation of a first partial area and an immediately adjacent second partial area.

In the first alternative described above, the term “immediately following” means that between the irradiation of the first sub-area and the irradiation of the second sub-area directly adjacent to a common edge, no other sub-area of the contiguous surface area is irradiated. In the first alternative, first and second surface areas that are directly adjacent to one another are exposed immediately after one another, which is in contrast to the teaching described above that individual sections irradiated one after the other must not lie directly next to one another. The irradiation of immediately adjacent first and second sub-areas enables an increase in productivity, since no second sub-areas located between the first sub-areas need to be skipped, and vice versa.

In the second alternative described above, the term “immediately following” means that after the first partial areas of the first stripe have been irradiated, the second partial areas of the immediately adjacent second stripe are exposed without other partial areas of the contiguous area being exposed in between. Surface areas adjoining one another at specific points are understood to mean that they do not adjoin one another at a common edge, but rather at a common point of contact, for example at a corner. In the second alternative described above, the two immediately adjacent strips partially overlap. The mutual overlap of the adjacent strips can be, for example, approximately 50% of the width of the strips.

In both alternatives described above, a contiguous surface area of the three-dimensional component is generated or exposed, which (for example in a preceding method step) is divided into a plurality of first and second partial areas. The plurality of (first and second) partial areas typically forms a regular, grid-like arrangement, for example in the manner of a chessboard, which covers the contiguous surface area. The sub-areas ideally do not overlap and ideally adjoin one another directly. Since the angle at which the processing beams hit the powder layer vary depending on the position in the processing area, there may be an (unwanted) partial overlap of adjacent sub-areas of an order of magnitude, usually a maximum of approx. 10% of the respective edge length (Length or width) of the sub-areas. In the first alternative described above, the strips and thus also the partial areas overlap by a maximum of approx. 400 μm when the strips are for example 4-8 mm wide.

In addition to the partial areas, the strips along which the contiguous surface area is traversed are defined (for example in a preceding method step). For this purpose, it is necessary to specify a respective banding vector. As a rule, the banding vector is constant along a respective stripe, i.e. straight stripes are involved. However, it is also possible for the strip formation vector to vary as a function of the position within a respective strip. In this case the strip has a curvature, i.e. it deviates from a straight shape.

The term “scan in a first / second scan direction” is understood to mean that the processing beam is moved in a typically straight line along the (transverse) extent of the respective sub-area in the (positive and / or negative) scan direction. Here, the processing beam can initially be moved in the (positive) scanning direction from a first to an opposite, second edge of the partial area. At the second edge of the partial area, there is a (slight) lateral offset of the processing beam in a direction typically perpendicular to the scanning direction. In addition, the movement of the processing beam can be reversed and the processing beam can be moved back in the opposite direction in the (negative) scanning direction over the entire extent of the respective sub-area. Alternatively, the processing beam can be deactivated when moving to the first edge, the lateral offset of the processing beam at the second edge or when moving the (deactivated) processing beam in the (negative) scanning direction. In particular, the machining beam can also be moved back and forth in an oscillating movement between the first edge and the second edge of the respective partial area.

In one variant, the method comprises: moving the processing beam along a plurality of further strips of a further contiguous surface area of a further powder layer of the three-dimensional component that immediately follows the powder layer, with the further contiguous surface area in a plurality of directly adjacent further sub-areas is irradiated, and a respective further sub-area is scanned with the processing beam in a scanning movement until the further powder layer is completely melted in the respective further sub-area, a stripe formation vector when tracing the contiguous surface area along the plurality of stripes and a further stripe formation vector have an angle of at least 45 °, in particular of 90 °, to one another when the further contiguous surface area is traversed along the plurality of further stripes. When determining the angle between the banding vectors, the orientation of the vectors is taken into account, as is generally the case.

It has proven to be beneficial if the striping vectors in powder layers that follow one another or are arranged directly one above the other in the powder bed are not aligned parallel to one another, but preferably enclose an angle of at least 45 °, in particular 90 °, to one another. In this way, internal stresses in the three-dimensional component to be produced can be homogenized, i.e. the distribution of the internal stresses in the component is improved and defects can be avoided.

In a further variant, a gas flow is passed over the powder layer, the flow vector of which forms an angle with a stripe formation vector when moving the processing beam along a respective stripe of the contiguous surface area and / or with a further stripe formation vector when moving the processing beam along a respective further strip of the further contiguous surface area of at least 90 °, preferably 135 °, to one another. In this case, the banding vectors of the respective stripes generally have the same or a similar orientation, i.e. the banding vectors of the respective stripes are in particular not aligned antiparallel to one another.

The gas flow can be, for example, a protective gas flow in order to protect optical components of an irradiation device, for example a window, from contamination, for example from soot particles, which are formed during the irradiation of the powder material, as shown in FIG EP 3 023 228 A1 is described. It has proven to be beneficial if the banding vector is at least partially directed in the opposite direction to the flow direction or the flow vector of the shielding gas flow, since soot particles or powder agglomerates are removed by the shielding gas flow, which in this case would be deposited and welded onto the irradiated powder layer directly in front of the machining beam . An at least partially oppositely directed banding vector is understood to mean that the banding vector and the flow vector of the gas stream have an angle of more than 90 ° to one another, ie the banding vector has a non-zero component that runs antiparallel to the flow vector of the gas stream, as shown in FIG EP 2 956 262 B1 is described. However, an alignment of the banding vector at 90 ° to the flow vector of the gas flow is also possible.

In addition to the stripe formation vector, it is advantageous if the (positive or negative) scanning direction is at least partially directed against the flow vector of the gas flow or if both vectors are oriented perpendicular to one another. This can be achieved if the scanning movement of the processing beam in a respective sub-area only takes place with one orientation, i.e. either in the positive or in the negative scanning direction. In this case, the (constant) scan vector of the respective sub-region can enclose an angle of at least 90 °, preferably more than 90 °, with the flow vector of the gas flow.

In a further variant, a gas flow is guided over the powder layer and the processing beam is guided over the contiguous surface area along the plurality of strips in a sequence that is dependent on the sequence of the positions of the respective strips along a flow vector of the gas flow. Preferably, strips that lie downstream in the sequence along the flow vector are processed before strips that lie upstream in the sequence along the flow vector, ie the sequence of irradiation or the processing of the strips takes place against the flow direction or against the flow vector of the gas flow .

In a further aspect of the invention, which can in particular be combined with the aspect described above, all subregions of the contiguous surface region are processed immediately one after the other by means of the processing beam. In this aspect of the invention, the entire contiguous surface area is (quasi) continuously irradiated by means of the processing beam until it is completely melted, i.e. if the exposure of the contiguous surface area begins at a temporally first partial area, this is carried out to the end. The otherwise continuous irradiation is possibly briefly interrupted only for the offset or for the movement of the laser beam when changing between different partial areas.

In a further variant, the contiguous surface area is divided into a plurality of preferably rhomboid, in particular diamond-shaped, rectangular or square partial areas. The geometry of the sub-areas into which the contiguous area is divided is usually uniform. The choice of polygonal, in particular rhomboid, partial areas makes it possible for adjacent partial areas to adjoin one another along (at least) one common edge. In particular, the use of square partial areas has proven to be advantageous. In addition to the geometry, the area of the respective sub-areas which form the contiguous area is usually the same size. It is also possible, however, for the contiguous surface area to have several types of, for example, rectangular partial areas which differ in their area content, for example in their width and / or in their length. The use of smaller partial areas can be advantageous in particular at the edge of the contiguous surface area in order to adapt it as well as possible to a surrounding edge contour.

In a further variant, the contiguous surface area is surrounded by an edge contour of the three-dimensional component, the edge contour and / or an edge area formed between the edge contour and the contiguous surface area being irradiated with the processing beam or with at least one further processing beam. As a rule, the edge contour of the three-dimensional component to be produced within the respective powder layer does not match the edge contour of the contiguous surface area, so that an edge area remains between the edge contour and the contiguous surface area. The edge region typically has a geometry or a surface into which no part of the contiguous surface region fits any longer. The edge area is therefore typically irradiated or melted with a single machining beam. For this purpose, the processing beam can be used, or a further processing beam can be used which is generated by a further beam source and / or which is directed onto the powder layer via a further scanner device.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for generating a coherent surface area of a three-dimensional component by irradiating a powder layer with at least one machining beam, in particular at least one further coherent surface area having at least one section that is downstream in relation to a flow vector of a gas flow guided over the powder layer of at least one section of the contiguous surface area is arranged and which overlaps transversely to the flow vector with the section of the contiguous surface area, the method comprising: irradiating the contiguous surface area with at least one processing beam in at least one of a plurality of partial areas into which the contiguous surface area is divided until the powder layer has completely melted in the at least one sub-area, the irradiation of the sub-areas directly on top of one another the following is repeated until all sub-areas of the contiguous surface area are completely melted.

In this aspect of the invention it is proposed to specifically deviate from a processing sequence in which contiguous surface areas or partial areas which are arranged downstream of other contiguous surface areas with respect to the flow vector of the gas flow are first irradiated. If this processing sequence were adhered to, the irradiation of the connected surface area would have to be interrupted after the start of the exposure of a contiguous area which extends at least in a section upstream from another contiguous area and overlaps with a downstream section of the further contiguous area with respect to the flow vector downstream area portion of the further contiguous area to be exposed.

In this aspect of the invention it is proposed to continue a contiguous surface area, the irradiation of which has been started, without interruption until the contiguous surface area has been completely irradiated, regardless of whether or where further contiguous surface areas are arranged in the powder layer. In this way it is achieved that the contiguous surface area cannot cool down in the meantime. This prevents the solidified material from contracting and creating a gap. In addition, as a result of the cooling, more energy is required to remelt the solidified material again in order to bind it to the next sub-area when the irradiation is resumed.

In one variant, at least two of the plurality of partial areas of the contiguous surface area are irradiated with at least two processing beams at the same time. The above rule is also adhered to if two or more processing beams are used for the irradiation be used. In this case, two or more processing beams can - at least temporarily - irradiate one and the same contiguous surface area in parallel. The contiguous surface area does not have to be exposed continuously with two or more processing beams, but at least one processing beam always irradiates the subregions of the contiguous surface area until its irradiation is complete.

In the case of joint irradiation, it must be taken into account that two immediately adjacent sub-areas should generally not be processed simultaneously with two processing beams, at least not if one sub-area is arranged along the flow vector of the gas flow downstream of the second sub-area and both sub-areas are at least partially overlap transversely to the flow vector, since otherwise the smoke of one processing beam can get into the beam path of the other processing beam and darken it or lead to a diffuse deflection or dispersion of the other processing beam, which negatively affects the beam quality. In addition, local overheating may occur in this case.

In a further variant, the contiguous surface area extends further downstream in relation to the flow vector of the gas flow than at least one further contiguous surface area and the irradiation of the contiguous surface area begins before the irradiation of the further contiguous surface area. The sequence in which the contiguous surface areas are irradiated depends on their extension along the direction of flow or the flow vector of the gas flow. As a rule, that contiguous surface area which extends the furthest downstream is irradiated as the first contiguous surface area. The other coherent surface areas are irradiated in the order of their maximum extent along the flow vector of the gas flow.

In a further variant, a first processing beam begins to irradiate the (first) contiguous surface area and a second processing beam either irradiates the (first) contiguous surface area together with the first processing beam or the second processing beam begins to irradiate a further (second) contiguous surface area, which extends second farthest downstream. In the event that a third processing beam is available, it can support the first or the second processing beam, i.e. irradiate the first or the second contiguous surface area together with the first processing beam. Alternatively, the third machining beam can begin irradiating a third area extending third most downstream, and so on.

When a coherent surface area is jointly irradiated, different partial areas are irradiated by different processing beams. In the event that a contiguous surface area is irradiated in a plurality of strips, as described above, a respective strip is typically only irradiated with one processing beam, i.e. different processing beams work in different strips.

In a further development, in the event that the first and second processing beam obstruct each other during joint irradiation of the contiguous surface area, the first or the second processing beam begins immediately afterwards with irradiating a further contiguous surface area or immediately afterwards irradiates a further contiguous area together with a third processing beam Area.

Depending on the geometry of the contiguous surface area, the case may arise that the two processing beams interfere with each other during the joint irradiation, for example because the partial areas to be irradiated at the same time are arranged adjacent to one another or overlap in the flow direction of the gas flow. In this case, one of the processing beams can start irradiating a new, contiguous surface area or support a third processing beam. If a processing beam has changed to another contiguous surface area, the same processing beam should generally no longer jump back to the originally irradiated contiguous surface area. In the event that two or more processing beams interfere with each other when irradiating the other surface area, a processing beam that has changed the contiguous surface area should start irradiating a sub-area of a new contiguous surface area.

It goes without saying that after the end of the exposure of a contiguous surface area, a processing beam changes immediately afterwards to another contiguous surface area in order to irradiate this (possibly with a different processing beam). As a rule, a processing beam that has completely exposed a contiguous surface area becomes another processing beam in one support other contiguous surface area, ie irradiate the other contiguous surface area together with the other processing beam. The other contiguous surface area can in particular be the first contiguous surface area. If this is not possible because the processing beams obstruct each other, the processing beam begins to irradiate a new, not yet irradiated, contiguous area. In this way, waiting times can be avoided and productivity in the manufacture of three-dimensional components can be increased and, at the same time, good component quality can be ensured.

In a further variant, the further contiguous surface area is not irradiated at the same time as the overlapping section of the contiguous surface area, at least in the section which is arranged downstream of the section of the contiguous surface area. In this way, it is prevented that a machining beam which irradiates the further contiguous surface area in the downstream section is hindered by smoke that is generated during the irradiation of the upstream section of the further surface area. In particular, it is possible for the irradiation of the further contiguous surface area to begin only when the irradiation of the contiguous surface area has been completely concluded.

The invention also relates to an irradiation device of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the control device is designed or programmed to control the scanner device, to scan a first sub-area of a respective strip by means of the processing beam in a first scanning direction and immediately thereafter a second sub-area of the strip, which along a common edge directly adjacent to the first sub-area, by means of the processing beam in a second scanning direction different from the first, in particular to the first perpendicular scanning direction, or in which the control device is designed to control the scanner device, first sub-areas of a first strip that directly adjoin one another at specific points, scanning in a first scanning direction by means of the processing beam, and immediately following second, directly at specific points one sub-regions of one of the first n directly adjacent second stripe in a second, different from the first, in particular to the first perpendicular scanning direction by means of the processing beam scanning.

The control device is thus designed or programmed to carry out the first method described above for generating the contiguous surface area. Correspondingly, the control device can also be designed or programmed to carry out the above-described variants of the first method. For this purpose, the control device acts on the (at least one) scanner device, more precisely on one or more scanner mirrors of the scanner device. It is possible for the irradiation device to have a single scanner device. The irradiation device can, however, also have two or more, as a rule, identically constructed scanner devices, which are arranged such that their scan areas or their processing fields overlap in the processing plane.

It goes without saying that the above-described irradiation device or a processing machine which comprises the irradiation device can have at least one beam source, in particular at least one laser source, for generating the at least one processing beam or laser beam. In particular, laser sources can be used which have a power in the range of more than 100 W.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a processing machine of the type mentioned at the beginning, which has an irradiation device which is designed as described above. The processing machine can, for example, as in the EP 3 023 228 A1 is designed, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the content of this application. A production space is provided in the processing chamber, in which a work surface is typically arranged at the level of the processing plane. The processing area of the irradiation device is formed in a part of the work surface in which a building platform area is provided for providing a powder bed, the topmost powder layer of which lies in the processing plane. A powder reservoir area with a powder storage container can be provided in the processing chamber to provide the powder. A sliding device arranged in the processing chamber can be used to transfer the powder from the powder storage container into the construction platform area. The gas flow can as in the EP 3 023 228 A1 serve to remove smoke from the processing chamber. The provision device (gas system) used to provide the gas flow can, for example, as in FIG EP 3 023 228 A1 described is formed.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a processing machine of the type mentioned at the beginning Type, further comprising: an irradiation device which has at least one scanner device for aligning at least one processing beam to the powder layer in the processing plane, and a control device which is designed to control the at least one scanner device, a contiguous surface area with at least one processing beam in at least one To irradiate a plurality of sub-areas into which the contiguous surface area is divided until the powder layer is completely melted in the at least one sub-area, and wherein the control device is designed to control the at least one scanner device, to repeat the irradiation of the sub-areas immediately one after the other for so long , until all partial areas of the contiguous surface area are completely melted, in particular at least one further contiguous surface area having at least one section st, which is arranged downstream of at least one section of the contiguous surface area with respect to a flow vector of a gas flow guided over the powder layer and which overlaps the section of the contiguous surface area transversely to the flow vector.

The control device is thus designed or programmed to execute the second method described above for generating the contiguous surface area. Accordingly, the control device can also be designed or programmed to carry out the above-described variants of this method. For this purpose, the control device acts on the at least one scanner device, more precisely on one or more scanner mirrors of the at least one scanner device, and generally on the beam source (s) for generating the processing beams.

In one embodiment, the contiguous surface area extends further downstream in relation to the flow vector of the gas flow than at least one further contiguous surface area and the control device is designed to control the scanner device to begin irradiating the contiguous surface area before irradiating the further contiguous surface area. As has been described further above, the sequence in which the connected surface areas are generated is preferably determined as a function of the sequence of the connected surface areas along the flow direction of the gas stream.

In a further embodiment, the control device is designed to control the scanner device, to start irradiating the contiguous surface area with a first processing beam and to irradiate the contiguous surface area with a second processing beam either together with the first processing beam or to start irradiating a further contiguous surface area . In this way, waiting times can be avoided and productivity in the manufacture of three-dimensional components can be increased.

In a further development, in the event that the first and second processing beam interfere with each other during joint irradiation of the contiguous surface area, the control device controls the scanner device to begin irradiating a further contiguous surface area immediately afterwards with the first or with the second processing beam to irradiate a further contiguous surface area immediately afterwards together with a third processing beam. In this way, the productivity of the processing machine can also be increased when several three-dimensional components are produced in parallel.

In a further embodiment, the control device is designed to control the at least one scanner device, not to irradiate the further contiguous area at least in the section which is arranged downstream of the section of the contiguous area at the same time as the overlapping section of the contiguous area. In particular, the control device can be designed not to irradiate the contiguous surface area and the further contiguous surface area which has the at least one overlapping section at the same time or to only start irradiating the further contiguous surface area when the irradiation of the contiguous surface area has been completed.

Further advantages of the invention emerge from the description and the drawing. The features mentioned above and those listed below can also be used individually or collectively in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character for describing the invention.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bestrahlungseinrichtung mit einer Scannereinrichtung zum Ausrichten eines Bearbeitungsstrahls auf ein Pulverbett,
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bearbeitungsmaschine zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Bauteilen durch Bestrahlen von Pulverschichten mit der Bestrahlungseinrichtung gemäß 1,
• 3a,b schematische Darstellungen eines zusammenhängenden Flächenbereichs mit einer Mehrzahl von Streifen, entlang derer der Bearbeitungsstrahl bewegt wird, um unmittelbar aufeinander folgend benachbarte erste und zweite Teilbereiche zu bestrahlen,
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung analog zu 3a,b, bei der punktuell aneinander angrenzende erste Teilbereiche in einem ersten Streifen und unmittelbar nachfolgend punktuell aneinander angrenzende zweite Teilbereiche in einem zweiten Streifen bestrahlt werden,
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer Bearbeitungsmaschine mit einer Bestrahlungseinrichtung mit drei Scannereinrichtungen zur Ausrichtung von drei Laserstrahlen auf eine Pulverschicht in einer Bearbeitungsebene, sowie
• 6a-d schematische Darstellungen der Bestrahlung von mehreren zusammenhängenden Flächenbereichen der Pulverschicht mittels der drei Laserstrahlen.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic representation of an irradiation device with a scanner device for aligning a processing beam on a powder bed,
• 2 a schematic representation of a processing machine for producing three-dimensional components by irradiating powder layers with the irradiation device according to FIG 1 ,
• 3a, b schematic representations of a coherent surface area with a plurality of strips along which the processing beam is moved in order to irradiate adjacent first and second partial areas,
• 4th a schematic representation analogous to 3a, b , in which first partial areas that adjoin one another at points are irradiated in a first strip and immediately afterwards second partial areas that adjoin one another at points are irradiated in a second strip,
• 5 a schematic representation of a processing machine with an irradiation device with three scanner devices for aligning three laser beams on a powder layer in a processing plane, and
• 6a-d schematic representations of the irradiation of several contiguous areas of the powder layer by means of the three laser beams.

1 shows an irradiation device 1 for irradiating a contiguous area 2 a layer of powder 3 serves, which is rectangular in the example shown. The irradiation device is used for the irradiation 1 from an in 1 A beam source (not shown) in the form of a laser source is a machining beam 4th supplied in the form of a laser beam. The irradiation facility 1 has a scanner device 5 with two rotatable scanner mirrors 6a , 6b (Galvano mirrors) that are used to deflect or align the machining beam 4th serves in a processing plane E, in which the powder layer 3 is arranged. In the example shown, the machining plane E lies in the XY plane of the XYZ coordinate system.

As in 1 can also be seen, is in the beam path of the machining beam 4th a focusing device 7th arranged in the form of a focusing lens around the machining beam 4th to focus in the machining plane E. In the beam path of the processing beam 4th A focus position correction device (not shown) can also be arranged, which is used to (dynamically) correct the focus position of the processing beam 4th (in the direction of the beam) is used to ensure that the focus position as in 1 is shown in the processing plane E. lies.

The in 1 Contiguous area shown 2 is of an edge contour 8th Surrounded, which corresponds to the outer contour of a layer of the three-dimensional component, which during the irradiation of the powder layer 3 should be generated. To produce the three-dimensional component, the entire area should be within the edge contour 8th be irradiated. The area within the edge contour 8th is in the example shown in the contiguous rectangular area 2 divided, as well as in an edge area 9 , the one between the contiguous area 2 and the edge contour 8th is formed. The contiguous area 2 is irradiated by the machining beam 4th along three parallel strips S1 , S2 , S3 is moved, as described in more detail below. The edge area 9 as well as the edge contour 8th are, however, with the machining beam 4th irradiated not in strips, but in any other way.

Each of the three stripes S1 , S2 , S3 has a total of eight square partial areas, two of which are adjacent partial areas T1 , T2 , ... directly along a straight edge 10 adjoin each other, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the contiguous surface area 2 extends. The sub-areas T1 , T2 , ... have a length in the longitudinal as well as in the transverse direction of the contiguous surface area 2 on, which can be, for example, about 3-8 mm. Other than this in 1 is shown, the sub-areas T1 , T2 , ... have, for example, a rectangular, for example rhomboid, diamond-shaped or basically any geometry, provided they can be arranged in a regular arrangement in the manner of a grid or a matrix.

For the irradiation of a respective sub-area T1 , T2 , ... becomes the position of the machining beam 4th in the working plane E. with the help of the scanner device 5 changed until the powder layer 3 in the respective sub-area T1 , T2 , ... is completely melted. In the example shown, when changing the position of the machining beam 4th the first part T1 in a first scan direction R1 scanned, the longitudinal direction of the contiguous area 2 corresponds. Here the machining beam 4th over the entire length of the first section T1 moved, being at the edge of the first sub-area T1 a movement reversal takes place together with a slight lateral offset around an adjacent path or track along the scanning direction R1 to form until the first sub-area T1 completely, ie over its entire surface, is melted. The machining beam 4th is used when scanning Movement thus in both positive and negative scanning direction R1 moved as in 1 is indicated by a double arrow.

The second sub-area is also corresponding T2 by means of the machining beam 4th scanned, but in a second scanning direction R2 in the transverse direction of the contiguous surface area 2 and thus perpendicular to the first scanning direction R1 runs. The machining beam 4th during the scanning movement is also in this case both in the positive and in the negative second scan direction R2 moved as in 1 is indicated by a double arrow.

As in 1 can also be seen, alternate in a respective strip S1 , S2 , S3 first sub-areas T1 with second sub-areas T2 from. The order of the sub-areas T1 , T2 in neighboring strips S1 , S2 ; S2 , S3 also alternates here, so that the first and second partial areas T1 , T2 the contiguous area in a checkerboard pattern 2 cover when the machining beam 4th all three stripes S1 , S2 , S3 and thus all first and second sub-areas T1 , T2 of the contiguous area 2 has left.

In one of the creation of the contiguous area 2 subsequent or preceding step can be the edge area 9 as well as the edge contour 8th with the machining beam 4th are irradiated to those within the edge contour 8th completely irradiate the area. The coordination of the movements of the scanner mirrors 6a , 6b takes place in the example shown using an in 2 control device shown 11 the irradiation facility 1 .

The orientation of the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the contiguous surface area 2 in the working plane E. is basically arbitrary. In the example shown, the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction are the contiguous surface area 2 at an angle of -45 ° or 45 ° in relation to a flow vector G a protective gas flow 13 aligned over the powder layer 3 to be led. The protective gas flow 13 is provided by a provisioning facility 14th (Gas system) generated in 1 is indicated by dashed lines and runs in the (positive) Y direction of the XYZ coordinate system. As an alternative to providing a protective gas flow 13 , which is a flow vector G in the positive Y-direction, the inert gas flow 13 have a flow vector in the positive or negative X-direction or be oriented in some other way.

The protective gas flow 13 is in a processing chamber 16 one in 2 illustrated processing machine 15th over the powder layer 3 led, which is the top layer of a powder bed 19th forms in which a three-dimensional component 20th , more precisely the layers of the three-dimensional component that have already been produced 20th , are embedded. The powder bed 19th is in a build platform area 17th formed, which has, for example, a cylindrical construction platform with a stamp, on the upper side of which the processing plane E. is formed by the irradiation device 1 is irradiated in the manner described above. The processing machine 15th also has a beam source 23 in the form of a laser source for generating the machining beam 4th on.

The protective gas flow 13 is via the build platform area 17th led to smoke from the irradiation device arranged above 1 , for example from a window formed there. The deployment facility 14th can, for example, as cited in the introduction EP 3 023 228 A1 be trained. To ensure that the direction of flow or the flow vector G of the shielding gas flow 13 (here: positive Y-direction) at least partially the direction of movement of the machining beam 4th in the working plane E. is directed in the opposite direction, the exposure of the partial areas T1 , T2 done by the machining beam 4th only with an orientation about the respective sub-area T1 , T2 is moved, ie for example only in the positive scanning direction R1 , R2 , ie there is no movement in the opposite direction along the negative scanning direction R1 , R2 (or the other way around).

The in 1 The example shown is the machining beam 4th along the three stripes S1 , S2 , S3 out in a sequence over the contiguous surface area that depends on the sequence of the respective strips S1 , S2 , S3 along the flow vector G of the gas flow 13 depends. The order of exposure of the three strips S1 , S2 , S3 takes place against the flow vector G of the gas flow 13 : First the first strip S1 irradiated in the direction of flow G of the gas flow 13 furthest downstream, then the second strip S2 , the second furthest in the direction of flow G downstream, and then the third strip S3 irradiated, the third furthest in the direction of flow G downstream.

The sequence of irradiation of the three strips can be equivalent to this S1 , S2 , S3 depending on the distance of the respective stripe S1 , S2 , S3 along the flow vector G from the provisioning facility 21st to get voted. Here are stripes S1 , S2 , ... that are at a greater distance from the supply facility 14th in the direction of flow G have before stripes S1 , S2 , ... irradiated in the direction of flow G a smaller distance to the provision device 14th exhibit. The Distance between each strip S1 , S2 , S3 and the delivery facility 21st or the sequence along the flow vector G is here by the along the flow vector G the most distant part T1 , T2 of the respective stripe S1 , S2 , S3 or the furthest point of the respective sub-area T1 , T2 Are defined.

For creating a new layer of the three-dimensional component 20th is first made from one in the processing chamber 16 arranged powder reservoir container 22nd Powder removed and from a powder reservoir area 18th , in which the powder reservoir container 22nd is located in the build platform area 17th spent. In the example shown, a sliding device, not shown in detail, is used for this purpose, which removes the powder from the powder reservoir area 18th in the build platform area 17th transferred by placing the powder on top of one in the processing plane E. is moved. A stamp 21st in the build platform area 17th and thus the powder bed 19th is shifted parallel downwards by the layer thickness of a powder layer, as in 2 is indicated by an arrow before the irradiation of the (new) powder layer 3 in the build platform area 17th is carried out.

An editing area B. for carrying out the irradiation of the powder layer 3 is laterally through the build cylinder of the build platform area 17th limited. The dimension of the machining area B. , which can be around 30 cm, for example, is due to the (maximum) deflection angle α of the machining beam 4th through the scanner device 5 adjusted ie the scanner mirror 6a , 6b can be rotated so far around their respective axis of rotation that every location of the processing area B. in the working plane E. can be achieved.

3a shows a square contiguous area 2 of the in 2 shown component 20th with the in 1 shown chessboard-like arrangement of the first and second partial areas T1 , T2 . Like this in connection with 1 has been described, the contiguous area is irradiated 2 along a plurality of strips, of which in 3a for example a first to sixth strip S1 , ..., S6 are shown. The respective stripes S1 , ..., S6 are made by means of the machining beam 4th along a respective banding vector H run off that on all strips S1 , ..., S6 has the same direction and orientation. As in 3a can be seen, the flow vector closes G of the gas flow 13 with the banding vector H an angle α of 135 °, ie the banding vector H has a non-zero component that is the flow vector G is directed opposite. The irradiation of the sub-areas T1 , T2 of the respective stripes S1 , ..., S6 takes place in 3a in the exemplary for the sixth strip S6 shown sequence (1st to 13th), ie there are on a common edge 10 directly adjoining first and second partial areas T1 , T2 immediately following one another by means of the machining beam 4th traversed in a scanning movement.

3b shows another contiguous area 2 ' another layer of powder 3 ' of the three-dimensional component 20th that directly refer to the in 2 Powder layer shown 3 is upset. The further contiguous area 2 ' and the contiguous area 2 are identical in size and in the same place within the machining area B. positioned. The irradiation of the further contiguous area 2 ' takes place analogously to the irradiation of the contiguous area 2 , ie the machining beam 4th is along a number of more strips S1 ' , ... S6 ' moved, the further first and second sub-areas T1 ' , T2 ' have, each in mutually perpendicular scan directions R1 , R2 can be scanned.

Even when the further contiguous surface area is irradiated 2 ' are immediately on a common edge 10 adjoining further sub-areas T1 ' , T2 ' in immediate succession by means of the machining beam 4th traversed in a scanning movement, as shown by the in 3b sequence shown (1st to 13th) is clarified. The other strips S1 ' , ..., S6 ' are along another streaking direction H' by means of the machining beam 4th traversed which is an angle 0 of 90 ° to the direction of banding H the powder layer 3 from 3a having. This is beneficial in order to reduce residual stresses in the three-dimensional component 20th to reduce. As in 3a is the further direction of banding H' from 3b at an angle α from 135 ° to the flow vector G of the gas flow 13 aligned.

4th shows the contiguous area 2 from 3a , in which an alternative type of exposure of the first and second partial areas T1 , T2 he follows. At the in 4th The irradiation shown is the machining beam 4th along a plurality of strips S1 , ..., S7 over the contiguous area 2 in the in 4th shown order (1st to 7th). Other than this in 3a is shown, the banding vector runs H in 4th at an angle α from 90 ° to the flow vector G of the gas flow 13 (in the (positive) X direction). At the in 4th The irradiation shown are first partial areas of a first strip S1 , S3 , S5 , S7 , ... that selectively a respective corner directly adjoin one another by means of the machining beam 4th along a first scan direction R1 traveled, ie the first partial areas T1 in 4th are processed from left to right. Immediately thereafter are in an immediately adjacent second strip S2 , S4 , S6 , ... second sub-areas T2 that also adjoin each other at a point at a common corner, in a second scanning direction perpendicular to the first R2 scanned. At the in 4th illustrated irradiation of the contiguous area 2 overlap adjacent strips S1 , S2 , ... by 50% of their width.

5 shows a processing machine 15th that differ from the in 2 shown processing machine 15th differs essentially by the design of the irradiation device 1, as well as by the fact that the processing machine 15th instead of a single beam source 23 three beam sources 23a , 23b , 23c having. The first beam source 23a creates a first machining beam 4a , which has a first scanner device 5a on the processing level E. aligned or in the direction of the machining plane E. is diverted. The second beam source 23b generates a further (second) machining beam 4b , which has a further (second) scanner device 25b on the processing level E. is aligned. The third beam source 23c creates another (third) machining beam 4c , which has a third scanner device 5c on the processing level E. is aligned. The representation of further optical elements of the irradiation device 1, which for example as in the case of FIG 1 irradiation device 1 shown can be formed, was in 5 omitted for reasons of clarity.

At the in 5 The irradiation device 1 shown is a telecentric F-theta lens 27 for focusing the three machining beams 4a-c in the working plane E. . The machining beams 4a-c Due to the telecentricity, they always hit the working plane perpendicularly, regardless of the location on the processing field E. . It goes without saying that a (telecentric) F-theta lens 27 also with the in 1 Irradiation device 1 shown can be used.

The following is based on 6a-d the creation of four contiguous areas F1 to F4 in one and the same powder layer 3 with the help of the three machining beams 4a-c described. Here, a processing sequence or an assignment of the processing beams 4a-c to the respective contiguous areas F1 to F4 made which the machining beams 4a-c Utilized as much as possible and at the same time good quality of the component to be manufactured 20th ensures. The areas F1 to F4 can use one and the same component 20th be assigned, but it is also possible that the surface areas F1 to F4 different components 20th are assigned that simultaneously in the powder bed 19th getting produced.

Basically, when creating a respective contiguous area F1 to F4 , for example the first surface area F1 , proceeded as follows: The (contiguous) first surface area F1 is with at least one machining beam 4a-c in at least one of a plurality of sub-areas T1 , ..., Tn irradiated into which the first surface area F1 is divided until the powder layer 3 in the at least one sub-area T1 , ..., Tn is completely melted. The irradiation of the sub-areas T1 , ..., Tn is repeated in immediate succession until all sub-areas T1 , ..., Tn of the first area F1 are completely melted. In other words, it becomes the first contiguous area F1 after irradiating a temporally first partial area T1 (quasi) continuously with at least one of the three machining steels 4a-c irradiated until the powder layer 3 in the first area F1 is completely melted, ie until the last sub-area Tn is melted, so that the irradiation of the first surface area F1 is finished. The irradiation of the first surface area F1 with at least one of the three machining beams 4a-c is only interrupted to a respective machining beam 4a-c to a different sub-area T1 , ..., Tn to move, with the machining beam during this movement 4a-c or the corresponding beam source 23a-c is deactivated.

At least part of the irradiation of the first surface area F1 can with the help of two or possibly three of the machining beams 4a-c be carried out simultaneously, the machining beams 4a-c each different sub-areas T1 , ..., Tn of the first area F1 irradiate. The irradiation in the respective sub-areas T1 , ..., Tn can take place in the manner described above, ie in a scanning movement along a respective first or second scanning direction perpendicular to the first R1 , R2 . The sub-areas T1 , ..., Tn can be arranged in a checkerboard grid and the first and second sub-areas described above T1 , T2 form in different scan directions R1 , R2 can be scanned. Sub-areas arranged immediately adjacent T1 , T2 , ... can, for example, with mutually perpendicular scan directions R1 , R2 be traveled, but this is not absolutely necessary.

As in 6a-d can be seen is the fourth area F4 in relation to the Flow vector G des over the powder layer 3 guided gas flow 13 partially downstream of the first surface area F1 arranged, in a (middle) section A4 that is transverse to the flow vector G with an upstream section A1 of the first area F1 overlaps. In the following based on 6a-d The example explained is the irradiation of the first surface area F1 completed before the irradiation of the fourth area F4 begins. It is optionally also possible to irradiate the fourth surface area F4 to begin before irradiating the first area F1 is fully completed. In this case, care must be taken that the irradiation is coordinated in such a way that the section located downstream A4 of the fourth area F4 not at the same time as the irradiation of the section overlapping with this A1 of the first area F1 he follows. In any case, the irradiation of the first surface area, which has already started, is used F1 not interrupted until it is completely melted.

6a shows the irradiation at a point in time when the first processing beam 4a the irradiation of the first surface area F1 has begun. Parallel to the irradiation of the first area F1 with the first processing beam 4a becomes the second area F2 with the second processing beam 4b stole. The third processing beam 4c serves to expose the edge contour 8th of the fourth area F4 .

After the end of the exposure of the edge contour 8th of the fourth area F4 the second processing steel exposes 4b briefly together with the first processing beam 4a the first area F1 . To the in 6b the time shown, the case occurred that the first and the second processing beam 4a , 4b when jointly irradiating the first surface area F1 hinder each other, which is why the first machining beam 4a together with the third processing beam 4c the second area F2 irradiated. If in the second area F2 no suitable sub-area T1 , ..., Tn is available for the irradiation, the first processing beam could alternatively 4a immediately following the irradiation of the third surface area F3 begin. The prerequisite for this is that the third processing beam 4c when exposing the third area F3 the exposure of the second area F2 through the first processing beam 4a not influenced by a smoke cloud passing along the flow vector G of the gas flow 13 into a section of the second surface area F2 that arrives across the flow vector G with the third area F3 overlaps.

6c shows the exposure at a point in time when the second processing beam 4b the first area F1 has further exposed and in which the first and the third processing beam 4a , 4c the irradiation of the second surface area F2 completed. As in 6d is shown, the first and the third processing beam help 4a , 4c the second machining steel 4b when exposing the first area F1 until it is completely exposed. One of the three machining beams 4a-c subsequently begins with the exposure of the third area F3 (Not shown).

The order in which the irradiation of the four surface areas F1 to F4 is started depends on the maximum extent of the surface areas F1 to F4 along the Y-direction in which the flow vector G of the gas flow 13 at the in 6a-d example shown. That of the provisioning facility 14th edge of the first surface area facing away in the Y direction F1 has the greatest extent in the Y direction and thus the greatest distance in the Y direction from the provision device 14th on. The irradiation of the first surface area F1 is therefore started first. The second area F2 extends somewhat further in the Y direction than the third surface area F3 so that the irradiation of the second surface area F2 before irradiating the third area F3 begins. The fourth area F4 extends with its the provision device 14th facing away from the edge the least far in the Y-direction and it is therefore the last of the four surface areas F1 to F4 started the irradiation. Also the fourth area F4 has a portion upstream of a portion of the first surface area F1 is arranged. It is therefore possible or advantageous to irradiate the fourth surface area F4 to begin only when the irradiation of the first surface area F1 is fully completed.

For moving the machining beams 4a-c over the editing area B. controls the control device 11 of the irradiation device 1, the three scanner devices 4a-c so that this irradiation of the surface areas F1 to F4 perform in the desired order. For this purpose, a machining program in the control device 11 be stored, which can be designed in the form of suitable hardware and / or software. The machining program is typically created beforehand on the basis of the geometry of the component or components to be produced 20th created and by the control device 11 processed. The control device 11 also controls the beam sources 23a-c to turn them on or off at appropriate times. The same applies to the control device 11 the in 2 shown processing machine 1, which the scanner device 5 or the beam source 23 drives suitable.

It goes without saying that the irradiation of the respective partial areas T1 , ..., Tn of surface areas F1 to F2 from 6a-d does not necessarily have to take place in a scanning movement, but rather that when a respective sub-area is irradiated T1 , ..., Tn The pattern used is basically arbitrary, even if a scanning movement is usually favorable.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• EP 2956262 B1 [0003, 0024]
• US 2019/0039318 A1 [0004]
• WO 2019/016061 A1 [0005]
• DE 10042134 C2 [0008]
• WO 2008/074287 A1 [0008]
• EP 3323534 A1 [0010]
• EP 3023228 A1 [0024, 0045, 0064]

Claims (20)

A method for generating a coherent surface area (2) of a three-dimensional component (20) by irradiating a powder layer (3) by means of a machining beam (4), comprising: moving the machining beam (4) along a plurality of strips (S1, S2, ... ) over the contiguous surface area (2), wherein in a respective strip (S1, S2, ...) the contiguous surface area (2) is irradiated in a plurality of directly adjoining partial areas (T1, T2), and wherein a respective partial area (T1, T2) is traversed with the processing beam (4) in a scanning movement until the powder layer (3) has completely melted in the respective sub-area (T1, T2), characterized in that a first sub-area (T1) of a respective strip (S1, S2, ...) is scanned by means of the processing beam (4) in a first scanning direction (R1) and immediately thereafter a second partial area (T2) of the strip (S1, S2, ...), which directly adjoins the first partial area (T1) along a common edge (10), by means of the processing beam (4) in a second, different from the first, in particular to the first perpendicular scanning direction (R2 ) is scanned, or that first partial areas (T1) of a first strip (S1, S3, S5, S7, ...), which are directly adjacent to one another at specific points, are scanned by means of the processing beam (4) in a first scanning direction (R1) and that immediately following second subregions (T2) of a second strip (S2, S4, S6, ...) immediately adjacent to the first, which are directly adjacent to one another at certain points, in a second scanning direction different from the first, in particular to the first perpendicular scan direction (R2) can be scanned by means of the processing beam (4). Procedure according to Claim 1 , further comprising: moving the processing beam (4) along a plurality of further strips (S1 ', S2', ...) of a further contiguous surface area (2 '), a further powder layer (3') of the three-dimensional component (20), which immediately follows the powder layer (3), in a respective further strip (S1 ', S2', ...) the further contiguous surface area (2 ') in a plurality of further sub-areas (T1', T2 'directly adjacent to one another) ) is irradiated, and a respective further sub-area (T1 ', T2') is traversed with the processing beam (4) in a scanning movement until the further powder layer (3 ') in the respective further sub-area (T1', T2 ') is completely melted, with a stripe formation vector (H) when traveling along the contiguous surface area (2) along the plurality of stripes (S1, S2, ...) and a further stripe formation vector (H ') when traveling through the further contiguous surface area Reichs (2 ') along the plurality of further strips (S1', S2 ', ...) have an angle (8) of at least 45 °, in particular 90 °, to one another. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , in which a gas stream (13) is guided over the powder layer (3), the flow vector (G) of which with a banding vector (H) when moving the processing beam (4) along a respective strip (S1, S2, ...) of the contiguous Surface area (2) and / or with a further striping vector (H ') when moving the processing beam (4) along a respective further strip (S1', S2 ', ...) of the further contiguous surface area (2') an angle (α ) of at least 90 °, preferably 135 °, to one another. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which a gas stream (13) is guided over the powder layer (3), the machining beam (4) along the plurality of strips (S1, S2, ...) in a sequence over the contiguous surface area (2) is performed, which is dependent on the sequence of the respective strips (2) along a flow vector (G) of the gas flow (13). Procedure according to the generic term of Claim 1 , in particular according to one of the preceding claims, in which all partial areas (T1, T2) of the contiguous surface area (2) are irradiated by means of the processing beam (4) in direct succession. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the contiguous surface area (2) is divided into a plurality of preferably rhomboid, in particular diamond-shaped, rectangular or square partial areas (T1, T2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the contiguous surface area (2) is surrounded by an edge contour (9) of the three-dimensional component (20), the edge contour (9) and / or one between the edge contour (9) and the contiguous surface area (2) formed edge area (8) is irradiated with the processing beam (4, 4a) or with at least one further processing beam (4b, 4c). Method for generating a coherent surface area (F1) of a three-dimensional component (20) by irradiating a powder layer (3) with at least one processing beam (4a-c), with in particular at least one further contiguous surface area (F4) has at least one section (A4) which is arranged downstream of at least one section (A1) of the contiguous surface area (F1) with respect to a flow vector (G) of a gas flow (13) guided over the powder layer (3) and which overlaps with the section (A1) of the contiguous surface area (F1) transversely to the flow vector (G), comprising: irradiating the contiguous surface area (F1) with at least one processing beam (4a-c) in at least one of a plurality of partial areas (T1 , ..., Tn), into which the contiguous surface area (F1) is divided, until the powder layer (3) is completely melted in the at least one sub-area (T1, ..., Tn), the irradiation of the sub-areas (T1 , ..., Tn) is repeated immediately one after the other until all partial areas (T1, ..., Tn) of the contiguous surface area (F1) are completely melted. Procedure according to Claim 8 , in which at least two processing beams (4a, 4b) irradiate at least two of the plurality of partial areas (T1, ..., Tn) of the contiguous surface area (F1) simultaneously. Procedure according to Claim 8 or 9 , in which the contiguous surface area (F1) extends further downstream in relation to the flow vector (G) of the gas flow (13) than at least one further contiguous surface area (F2, F3, F4) and in which the irradiation of the contiguous surface area (F1) begins before the irradiation of the further contiguous surface area (F2, F3, F4). Method according to one of the Claims 8 to 10 , in which a first processing beam (4a) starts irradiating the contiguous surface area (F1) and a second processing beam (4b) either irradiates the contiguous surface area (F1) together with the first processing beam (4a) or with the irradiation of a further contiguous surface area ( F2, F3, F4) begins. Procedure according to Claim 11 , in which, in the event that the first and second processing beam (4a, 4b) interfere with each other during joint irradiation of the contiguous surface area (F1), the first or the second processing beam (4a, 4b) immediately follows the irradiation of a further contiguous area Surface area (F3, F4) begins or immediately thereafter irradiates a further contiguous surface area (F2) together with a third processing beam (4c). Method according to one of the Claims 8 to 12 , in which the further contiguous surface area (F4) at least in the section (A4) which is arranged downstream of the section (A1) of the contiguous surface area (F1), not at the same time as the overlapping section (A1) of the contiguous surface area (F1) is irradiated. Irradiation device (1) for a processing machine (15) for producing three-dimensional components (20) by irradiating powder layers (3), comprising: at least one scanner device (5, 5a-c) for aligning at least one processing beam (4, 4a-c) onto a powder layer (3) in a processing plane (E), a control device (11) which is designed to control the scanner device (5, 5a-c), the processing beam (4) along a plurality of strips (S1, S2,. ..) to move over a contiguous area (2) in order to irradiate the contiguous area (2) in a plurality of directly adjoining partial areas (T1, T2) in a respective strip (S1, S2, ...), and which is designed to control the scanner device (5, 5a-c), to move over a respective sub-area (T1, T2) with the processing beam (4) in a scanning movement until the powder layer (3) in the respective sub-area (T1, T2, ...) is completely melted, characterized in that the control device (11) is designed to control the scanner device (5), a first partial area (T1) of a respective strip (S1, S2, ...) by means of the processing beam (4 ) scan in a first scanning direction (R1) and immediately thereafter a second sub-area (T2) of the strip (S1, S2, ...), which directly adjoins the first sub-area (T1) along a common edge (10), by means of of the processing beam (4) scanning in a second, different from the first, in particular to the first perpendicular scanning direction (R2), or that the control device (11) is designed to control the scanner device (5), first partial areas (T1) of a first strip (S1, S3, S5, S7), which are directly adjacent to one another at specific points, to be scanned in a first scanning direction (R1) by means of the processing beam (4), and immediately following the second, point ually directly adjoining subregions (T2) of a second strip (S2) immediately adjacent to the first in a second scanning direction (R2) different from the first, in particular perpendicular to the first scanning direction (R2) by means of the processing beam (4). Processing machine (15) for producing three-dimensional components (20) by irradiating powder layers (3), comprising: a processing chamber (16) with a processing plane (E) in which a powder layer (3) to be irradiated can be arranged, and preferably a provision device (14) for providing a gas flow (13) which flows over the processing level (E) in a building platform area (17) provided for providing a powder bed (19), characterized by an irradiation device (1) according to Claim 14 . Processing machine according to the generic term of Claim 15 , further comprising: an irradiation device (1) which has at least one scanner device (5a-c) for aligning at least one processing beam (4a-c) on a powder layer (3) in a processing plane (E), and a control device (11), which is designed to control the at least one scanner device (5a-c), to irradiate a contiguous surface area (F1) with at least one processing beam (4a-c) in at least one of a plurality of partial areas (T1, ..., Tn), in which the contiguous surface area (F1) is divided up until the powder layer (3) is completely melted in the at least one partial area (T1, ..., Tn), and wherein the control device (11) is formed, the at least one scanner device (5a -c) to control the irradiation of the sub-areas (T1, ..., Tn) to repeat immediately one after the other until all sub-areas (T1, ..., Tn) of the contiguous surface area (F1) are complete g are melted, in particular at least one further contiguous surface area (F4) having at least one section (A4) which, with respect to a flow vector (G) of a gas flow (13) guided over the powder layer (3) downstream of at least one section (A1 ) of the contiguous surface area (F1) is arranged and which overlaps transversely to the flow vector (G) with the section (A1) of the contiguous surface area (F1). Processing machine after Claim 16 , in which the contiguous surface area (F1) extends further downstream in relation to the flow vector (G) of the gas flow (13) than at least one further contiguous surface area (F2) and in which the control device (11) is formed, the at least one scanner device (5a-c) to start the irradiation of the contiguous surface area (F1) before the irradiation of the further contiguous surface area (F2, F3, F4). Processing machine after Claim 16 or 17th , in which the control device (11) is designed to control the at least one scanner device (5a-c), to start irradiating the contiguous surface area (F1) with a first processing beam (4a) and either together with a second processing beam (4b) to irradiate the contiguous surface area (F1) with the first processing beam (4a) or to start irradiating a further contiguous surface area (F2, F3, F4). Processing machine after Claim 18 , in which, in the event that the first and second processing beam (4a, 4b) interfere with each other during joint irradiation of the contiguous surface area (F1), the control device (11) controls the at least one scanner device (5a-c) immediately afterwards to begin irradiating the further contiguous surface area (F3, F4) with the first or with the second processing beam (4a, 4b) or to irradiate another contiguous surface area (F2) immediately afterwards together with a third processing beam (4c). Processing machine according to one of the Claims 16 to 19th , in which the control device (11) is designed to control the at least one scanner device (5a-c), the further contiguous surface area (F4) at least in the section (A4) downstream of the section (A1) of the contiguous surface area (F1 ) is arranged not to be irradiated at the same time as the overlapping section (A1) of the contiguous surface area (F1).

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