DE102019123308A1 - Device and method for swivel bending a workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device 100 and a method for pivoting a workpiece 200, in particular a sheet metal. It comprises an upper beam 110, a lower beam 120 and a first drive 130 for adjusting the upper beam 110 and the lower beam 120 relative to one another in order to clamp the workpiece 200 to be bent D can be pivoted against the upper beam 110. In order to also be able to form non-linear bending edges in the workpiece 200 to be formed, the upper beam 110 has a bending edge 112 which is non-linear at least in sections, even under load; i.e. the bending edge is shaped in two or three dimensions. For this purpose, the point of intersection of the axis of rotation D with the z-x plane is offset in the z-x plane with respect to the coordinate origin BP or BP 'and lies within a work area 104 or 104' defined according to the invention.

Description

The invention relates to a device and a method for pivoting a workpiece, in particular a sheet metal. Swivel bending is used in particular for the production of profiles as preliminary or finished products, in particular near net shape finished products, for use, for example, in transportation, mechanical engineering and construction as well as the manufacturing industry.

The swivel bending belongs to DIN 8586 for bending deformation ("Forming a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by bending stress."). The stresses that act are called bending stresses.

Known swivel bending devices typically consist of an upper cheek, a lower cheek and a clamping device, preferably with a first drive for adjusting the upper cheek and the lower cheek relative to one another for clamping the sheet to be bent between the upper cheek and the lower cheek. In addition, these devices include a bending beam, which can typically be pivoted about an axis of rotation against the upper beam by means of a second drive, so that in a bending end position the end faces or bending edges of the upper beam and bending beam - spaced by the thickness s of the sheet to be bent - face each other . As an alternative to bending "from below" against the upper beam, it is also known to bend the clamped workpiece "from above" against the lower beam with the aid of the bending beam.

In such folding machines it is known to provide a camber of the bending edge of the bending beam in order to compensate for a deflection that can occur in the bending beam due to its length and due to the loads occurring when bending the sheet metal.

The extent of the deflection is not the same for all applications, but depends in practice on a variety of different factors, such as: B. the thickness and the length of the sheet to be bent and the bending forces required in a bending process in detail. Correspondingly, in order to achieve an optimal bending result, different degrees of compensation of the deflection are necessary in each case. For this reason, there are various approaches in the prior art to make the camber of the bending edge of the bending beam and thus the strength of the compensation of the deflection variable; see z. B. the international patent applications WO 017/067850 A1 and WO 2004/033125 A1 or the European patent applications EP 2 127 772 A2 and EP 0 934 131 B1 .

It is important that the cambering of the bending edge set in the documents mentioned, all only aim to compensate for the said deflection of the bending beam under load, so that an essentially straight bending edge and thus a precise one over the entire length of the bending tool for the forming process Forming result is guaranteed; please refer EP 2 127 772 A2 ; in any case, overcompensation is not wanted.

Furthermore, it is in the state of the art from the article "Dynamic camber and automatic radius adjustment", published in Baumetall, edition: Special issue 2012, www.baumetall.de/Archiv/Heftarchiv/article-370486-102926 / dynamic-camber-and-automatic -radiusverstellung-.html known to provide a crowning of the upper beam in a swivel bending device in order to compensate for edge pressure effects and stress release effects and in this way to achieve even more precise forming results. Here, too, the compensation aims at an ultimately straight bending edge of the upper beam. The same document also teaches, in addition to the crowning of the upper beam, also to provide an adjustment of the upper beam as a function of the respective sheet metal thickness, also called radius adjustment.

All mentioned and known crowning of bending edges, be it the bending beam or the upper beam, aim - as mentioned - only to compensate for the errors that occur during bending. The aim is always to achieve the best possible forming result with a straight bending edge.

The users of profile components manufactured by means of swivel bending are increasingly demanding cross-sectional adjustments of the profile components along their longitudinal axis in order to meet geometric and functional requirements, for example restrictions on the available installation space. Traditionally, such required cross-sectional changes are introduced into these in a separating, joining or reshaping manner, especially after the completion of initially purely straight-line profiles.

Starting from this prior art, the invention is based on the object of developing a known device and a known method for pivoting a sheet metal in such a way that predetermined changes in cross-section can be introduced into the workpiece to be formed during manufacture.

In terms of device technology, this object is achieved by the subjects of claims 1, 6 and 17. Claim 1 relates to a device for bending the bending beam from below against the upper beam, while claim 6 relates to a device for bending the bending beam from above against the lower beam. The dependent claims 11 to 16 relate to both devices. Claim 17 relates to one of the devices according to the invention with the clamped workpiece.

In terms of process technology, the object is achieved by the methods according to claims 18 and 20. Claim 18 relates to bending from below and claim 20 relates to bending from above.

A common characteristic according to the invention of all solutions is a bending edge in the upper or lower beam, which - even under load - is at least partially non-linear and - based on a given right-handed coordinate system x, y, z - in the x-direction with a rearmost point and a foremost point and / or is formed in the z-direction with a lowest point and a highest point. The coordinates xD , zD of the point of intersection of the axis of rotation of the bending beam with the zx plane of the coordinate system lie at least twice during a bending process in the zx plane in a work area defined according to the invention. The bending beam is typically articulated to the axis of rotation or the second drive via a mechanical transmission.

In the case of the pivot bending according to the invention with a non-linear bending edge, in addition to the known bending stresses with a straight bending edge, depending on the contouring, double bending stresses and tensile and / or compressive stresses act, whereby the limits of the method are advantageously significantly expanded.

Definitions

The course of the bending edge corresponds - mathematically speaking - to any non-linear, for example wave-shaped, jump-shaped and / or sawtooth-shaped function course over a limited length. Over this limited length, the function profile in the x direction and / or in the z direction has an absolute minimum and an absolute maximum, for example. In the terminology of the present description, the absolute minimum in the x direction corresponds to the rearmost point of the bending edge and the absolute maximum in the x direction corresponds to the foremost point of the bending edge. In the z-direction, the absolute minimum is referred to as the lowest point and the absolute maximum as the highest point. However, the formation of the minima and maxima in both directions is not mandatory, in particular not in the z-direction. When bending the bending beam from below against the upper beam, the vertical distance between the rearmost point and the foremost point of the bending edge is called A. designated. The vertical distance between the lowest point and the highest point is called the B. designated. When bending the bending beam from above against the lower beam, these sizes are also included A. ' or. B. ' designated.

In the present description, the device according to the invention is described as it is shown in the figures. In relation to the figures, the terms "top", "bottom", "upper cheek" and "lower cheek" are self-explanatory. The upper beam is arranged above the lower beam and the bending beam is pivoted from below against the upper beam or from above against the lower beam. Of course, the claims apply equally to any arrangement of the device shown in space.

Different coordinate systems are defined for "bending from below" and "bending from above".

In the present description of the invention relating to "bending from below" the coordination system is used as it is shown in FIGS 1 - 18th is shown. When the bending beam is pivoted from below against the upper beam, the origin of the coordinates is on the left outer side of the upper beam, when viewing the upper beam from the front, ie from where the leg to be bent of the workpiece protrudes from the upper beam. If the bending edge of the upper beam is only non-linear in the xy plane, the origin of the coordinates is on the left outer side of the upper beam in the projection of the foremost point of the tip of the bending edge Upper beam in the zx plane. If, on the other hand, the bending edge of the upper beam is not flat, but three-dimensionally non-linear, the coordinate origin is on the left outside of the upper beam in the combined projection of the foremost point and the highest point of the tip of the bending edge of the upper beam in the zx plane.

When the bending beam is pivoted from above against the lower beam, the origin of coordinates is used, as shown in the 19th - 21 is shown. The origin of the coordinates is in this case on the left outside of the lower cheek, when viewing the lower cheek from the front, ie from where the leg of the workpiece to be bent protrudes with respect to the lower cheek. If the bending edge of the lower beam is non-linear only in the xy plane, the origin of coordinates is on the left outer side of the lower beam in the projection of the foremost point of the tip of the bending edge of the lower beam in the zx plane. If, on the other hand, the bending edge of the lower beam is not flat, i.e. three-dimensionally non-linear, the coordinate origin is on the left outside of the lower beam in the combined projection of the foremost point and the lowest point of the tip of the bending edge of the lower beam in the zx plane.

• - Die x-Richtung ergibt sich entsprechend aus der „Drei-Finger-Regel“ für ein rechtshändiges Koordinatensystem, horizontal von der Schwenkbiegemaschine/Vorrichtung weg zeigend (im Regelfall in die Richtung zeigend in der das Werkstück auf seiner zu biegenden Seite zwischen Ober- und Unterwange heraussteht bzw. horizontal in lineare Vorschubrichtung zeigend).
• - Die z-Richtung erstreckt sich vom Koordinatenursprung ausgehend vertikal nach oben, d. h. i.d.R. entgegengesetzt zur Lotrichtung.
• - Die y-Richtung verläuft vom Koordinatenursprung ausgehend parallel zur Drehachse D, vor der Schwenkbiegemaschine /Vorrichtung stehend (auf der Seite, auf der der zu biegende Teil des Werkstücks zwischen Ober- und Unterwange heraussteht) von links nach rechts.

Right-handed coordinate systems are based on the "three-finger rule":

• - The x-direction results from the "three-finger rule" for a right-handed coordinate system, pointing horizontally away from the folding machine / device (usually pointing in the direction in which the workpiece on its side to be bent between the upper and The lower beam protrudes or points horizontally in the linear feed direction).
• - The z-direction extends vertically upwards from the origin of the coordinates, ie in the opposite direction to the perpendicular.
• - Starting from the coordinate origin, the y-direction runs parallel to the axis of rotation D. , standing in front of the folding machine / device (on the side on which the part of the workpiece to be bent protrudes between the upper and lower beam) from left to right.

The terms “non-linear”, curved and “odd” for a bending edge and “uneven” for a bending surface are used synonymously in the present description.

The term “gear” in the context of the present description means any mechanical device which is suitable for articulating the bending beam to the second drive or the axis of rotation. In particular, the transmission can also be just a simple lever.

The terms “trajectory”, trajectory or travel path to describe the displacement of the axis of rotation are used synonymously.

End of definitions

The axis of rotation of the bending beam is generally, but not necessarily, arranged in a stationary manner during operation of the device according to the invention, ie during a bending process. The coordinates xD , zD Their point of intersection with the zx plane of the coordinate system, in particular at y = 0, then lie in the zx plane in a work area defined according to the invention. In this case, no control device is required to move the axis of rotation during a bending process.

As an alternative to a stationary arrangement of the axis of rotation, however, a control device can be provided for displacing the axis of rotation during a bending process along a predetermined trajectory. For this purpose, the trajectory is stored or programmed into the control device. Specifically, the control device is then designed to shift the axis of rotation of the bending beam during a bending process so that the coordinates xD , zD of the intersection of the axis of rotation of the bending beam with the zx plane of the coordinate system, in particular at y = 0, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process, lie in the zx plane in a work area defined according to the invention. In the meantime, the coordinates xD , zD also lie outside the defined work area, but these are preferably within the defined work area during the entire bending process. In other words: the trajectory can also partially / temporarily lie outside the defined work area. However, at least the start and end points of the trajectory must lie in the defined working area.

The trajectory can also be shortened to a length of zero. Shifting the axis of rotation is then reduced to holding the axis of rotation of the bending beam at a fixed location. The control device for displacing the axis of rotation is therefore also designed to hold the axis of rotation during an entire bending process at a location at which the coordinates xD , zD of the point of intersection of the axis of rotation with the zx plane of the coordinate system in the zx plane, in particular at y = 0, lie in the working area defined according to the invention.

During a set-up process before and / or after a bending process, however, the axis of rotation must be adjustable or changeable relative to the tools or cheeks. For example, their position is set relative to the plane of the sheet by the design of the tool inserts, in particular the upper, lower and bending rails.

The offset according to the invention of the axis of rotation in the z-x plane with respect to the coordinate origin ensures that, even with non-linear bending edges in the upper or lower beam, the bending beam can be pivoted in a bending end position into a position opposite the upper or lower beam. In this way, bending edges with almost any non-linear course can advantageously already be worked into the sheet metal to be formed during the production process. This enables z. B. also the production of profile components with any variable cross-section during their production.

Preferably, the upper cheek and / or the lower cheek has, when the leg to be bent of the workpiece is bent against this cheek, a bending surface which is at least partially uneven. The bending cheek also preferably has a bending edge and / or bending surface which is at least partially designed to be complementary to the non-linear bending edge and / or the uneven bending surface of the upper cheek or lower cheek.

The vertical distances A. or. A. ' between the rearmost and the foremost point of the bending edge are significantly greater in the claimed device than the height of the crowns in the prior art. It goes far beyond the amount that would be required to compensate for a load-related deflection of the bending beam. In the independent claims, this is taken into account by the wording “also under load”. So applies to the vertical distance A. or A 'for example: 0 mm <A or A'<1200 mm, preferably
0 mm <A or A '<900 mm or more preferably 0 mm <A or A'<600 mm. Only then is it possible to introduce a non-linear bending edge into the sheet metal during the forming process. How big a distance A. or. A. ' only becomes clear when it is related to the length of the non-linear bending edge. A vertical distance A. or. A. ' of 20 mm based on a non-linear bending edge with a (y) length section of 200 mm corresponds to a ratio of 0.1. The invention relates in particular to devices with ratios> 0.06, preferably> 0.1.

The vertical distances B. or. B. ' between the lowest and the highest point of the bending edge are significantly greater in the claimed device than the height of the crowns in the prior art. It goes far beyond the amount that would be required to compensate for a load-related deflection of the bending beam. In claim 1, this is taken into account by the wording “also under load”. So applies to the vertical distance B. or. B. ' for example: 0 mm B or B '<1200 mm, preferably 0 mm B or B'<900 mm or more preferably 0 mm B or B '<600 mm. Only then is it possible to introduce a non-linear bending edge into the sheet metal during the forming process.

That cheek which is only used to clamp the workpiece and against which the leg to be bent of the workpiece is not bent can in principle be contoured as desired on its front side facing the bending cheek. In particular, it can have a straight or flat front side, even if the bending edge or the bending surfaces on the other cheeks are contoured non-linearly. However, an improved bending result is obtained when the lower or upper beam, which is not involved in the shaping or bending, has a front edge which is contoured in the same way as the bending edge. Furthermore, the upper beam and the lower beam are preferably arranged with their front or bending edges flush one above the other.

Finally, the non-linear bending edges of the upper cheek, the lower cheek and / or the bending cheek are preferably formed on bending rails that are releasably fastened there. In the event of wear, only the bending rails need to be replaced, but not the entire cheeks.

Further advantageous refinements of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Oberwange mit einer Biegekante gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Querschnittsdarstellung mit der Biegewange gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Biegeausgangsposition B0;
• 4 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Stirnseitenansicht;
• 5 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit der Biegewange gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer ersten Biegeposition B1;
• 6 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht mit der Biegewange gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Biegeendposition B2;
• 7 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel für den Versprung;
• 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel für die Biegekante;
• 9 die Vorrichtung nach 8 in einer Stirnseitenansicht;
• 10 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in einer Querschnittsdarstellung mit der Biegewange gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Biegeausgangsposition B0;
• 11 die Vorrichtung nach den 8 bis 10 in einer Draufsicht;
• 12 die Vorrichtung nach den 8 bis 11 mit der Biegewange 140 in der Biegeendposition B2 in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• 13 die Oberwange mit 3-dimensional geformter Biegekante und Biegefläche in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• 14 die Oberwange nach 13 in einer Seitenansicht;
• 15 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit 3-dimensional geformten Biegekanten und Biegeflächen in einer Biegeendposition B2 mit von unten biegender Biegewange in einer Seitenansicht;
• 16 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit 3-dimensional geformten Biegekanten und Biegeflächen in einer Biegeendposition B2 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;
• 17 Ober-, Unter- und Biegewange jeweils ausgebildet in Form einer Vielzahl von Segmenten in perspektivischer Ansicht;
• 18 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung nach 16 in einer Seitenansicht mit zusätzlichen (federnd) gelagerten Werkzeugeinsätzen;
• 19 die Unterwange mit dreidimensional geformter Biegekante und Biegefläche in perspektivischer Ansicht für ein Biegen von oben;
• 20 die Unterwange nach 19 in einer Seitenansicht; und
• 21 die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit dreidimensional geformten Biegekanten und Biegeflächen in einer Biegeendposition B2 in einer Seitenansicht bei einem Biegen von oben

zeigt.The description is accompanied by 21 figures, where

• 1 a perspective view of the device according to the invention,
• 2 a plan view of an upper beam according to the invention with a bending edge according to a first embodiment;
• 3rd the device according to the invention in a cross-sectional view with the bending beam according to the first embodiment in a bending starting position B0 ;
• 4th the device according to the invention in an end view;
• 5 the inventive device with the bending beam according to the first embodiment in a first bending position B1 ;
• 6th the device according to the invention in a perspective view with the bending beam according to the first embodiment in a bending end position B2 ;
• 7th the device according to the invention with a second embodiment for the jump;
• 8th a perspective view of the device according to the invention with a third embodiment for the bending edge;
• 9 the device after 8th in an end view;
• 10 the device according to the invention in a cross-sectional view with the bending beam according to the third embodiment in a bending starting position B0 ;
• 11 the device according to the 8th to 10 in a plan view;
• 12th the device according to the 8th to 11 with the folding beam 140 in the bending end position B2 in perspective view;
• 13th the upper beam with 3-dimensionally shaped bending edge and bending surface in a perspective view;
• 14th the upper cheek 13th in a side view;
• 15th the device according to the invention with 3-dimensionally shaped bending edges and bending surfaces in a bending end position B2 with bending beam bending from below in a side view;
• 16 the device according to the invention with 3-dimensionally shaped bending edges and bending surfaces in a bending end position B2 in a perspective view;
• 17th Upper, lower and bending beam each designed in the form of a plurality of segments in a perspective view;
• 18th the device according to the invention 16 in a side view with additional (spring-loaded) tool inserts;
• 19th the lower beam with three-dimensionally shaped bending edge and bending surface in a perspective view for bending from above;
• 20th the lower cheek 19th in a side view; and
• 21 the device according to the invention with three-dimensionally shaped bending edges and bending surfaces in a bending end position B2 in a side view when bending from above

shows.

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures mentioned in the form of exemplary embodiments. In all figures and exemplary embodiments, the same technical elements are denoted by the same reference symbols.

The 1 - 12th show exemplary embodiments for swivel bending with the bending edge formed only in the xy plane, that is to say two-dimensionally. The others 13th to 21 however, illustrate swivel bending with a three-dimensional bending edge.

All 1 to 18th show an example of a pivoting of the bending beam from bottom to top against the upper beam.
1 shows the device according to the invention 100 for swiveling a workpiece, in particular a sheet metal 200 . The device has an upper beam 110 with an at least partially non-linear bending edge 112 on.

This upper beam is in 2 shown separately. A can be seen in the end face or the bending edge 112 developed jump with the maximum depth A. over their length. The maximum depth A. corresponds to the vertical distance between the rearmost and the foremost point of the bending edge 112 in X direction. The non-linear bending edge 112 the upper beam can, for example, be curved, wave-shaped, concave or convex and / or step-shaped, at least in a length section. The same applies to the non-linear bending edge 142 the folding beam 140 .

How 1 can be seen, the device has next to its upper beam 110 a lower cheek 120 and a tensioning direction with a first drive 130 to adjust the upper beam 110 and the lower cheek 120 relative to each other for clamping a leg of the sheet metal 200 between the upper and lower cheek. Furthermore, the device 100 a bending beam 140 with a bending edge 142 on. The bending edge 142 the folding beam 140 is preferably at least partially complementary to the bending edge 112 the upper cheek 110 educated; that is, it is also at least partially non-linear and with at least one step of the maximum height A. formed over their length. 1 shows the folding beam 140 in a pivot position B0 , also called the starting position for bending.

With the help of a second drive 150 can the bending beam 140 around an axis of rotation D. against the upper cheek 110 be swiveled.

oder $$\text{für A<B}:\text{-}\left(\text{A}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0;\text{-}\left(\text{B}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B}\text{.}$$

In the device according to the invention 100 is the axis of rotation D. around which the folding beam 140 against the upper cheek 110 is pivotable, compared to that in the 1 to 3rd coordinate origin shown offset. Specifically, the axis of rotation runs D. here as an example in the y-direction, ie in 3rd perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, but it is offset in both the x and z directions with respect to the origin of the coordinates. In general, a control device is provided for displacing the axis of rotation D. the folding beam 140 so that the coordinates xD , zD the intersection of the axis of rotation of the bending beam with the zx plane of the coordinate system in the zx plane in a work area 104 which is limited as follows: $$\text{for a}\ge \text{B.}:\text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0;\text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B};$$

or $$\text{for A <B}:\text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0;\text{-}\left(\text{B.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B}\text{.}$$

A. corresponds to the vertical distance between the rearmost and the foremost point of the bending edge 112 in the x-direction or in the xy-plane. The in 2 embodiment shown, in which in the bending edge 112 only a single offset is formed, corresponds to the distance A. the maximum height of the offset in the bending edge 112 the upper cheek 110 .

B. corresponds generally to the vertical distance between the highest and the lowest point of the bending edge in the z-direction or in the zy-plane. In the 1 to 12th shown embodiments is in each case B = 0 and thus A> B, because the bending edge is only formed in the xy plane, but not additionally in the z direction.
s denotes the thickness of the workpiece to be bent.

In 2 is still a virtual leading edge 114 of the jump recognizable. It means a virtual axis which lies in the yz plane parallel to the y axis and runs through the foremost point of the offset on the upper beam. It represents the direction of projection for the foremost point in the zx plane.

The in 3rd shown example xD the offset of the axis of rotation D. compared to the coordinate origin in the x-direction. Identified alike zD the offset of the axis of rotation D. opposite the coordinate origin in the z-direction.

4th shows the device according to the invention in a front view with the bending beam 140 in their initial bending position B0 . Front view means that the viewer is looking at the non-clamped leg of the workpiece, ie the leg to be bent, which protrudes perpendicular to the plane of the drawing opposite the upper and lower cheek. The offset is particularly good here zD the axis of rotation D. can be seen in relation to the coordinate origin in the -z direction. In addition, a synopsis of the 2 and 4th the complementary formation of the bending edge 112 the upper cheek 110 and bending edge 142 the folding beam 140 detect.

5 shows the device according to the invention in a first bending position B1 . The bending beam is in this swivel position 140 for example by 30 ° compared to their starting position B0 towards the upper cheek 110 pivoted towards. Also is the bending edge 122 the lower cheek 120 shown in a preferred embodiment. In this embodiment it is similar to the bending edge of the upper beam 110 educated. The sheet to be bent is in 5 Not shown.

6th shows the device according to the invention in a third pivot position B2 , also called bending end position, in which the bending beam 140 in this example by 90 ° compared to their starting position B0 against the upper cheek 110 is pivoted. The bending edges are in this position 142 and 112 spaced by the thickness s of the sheet to be bent opposite each other. The workpiece (in 6th not shown) is then with one leg between the upper cheek 110 and the lower cheek 120 clamped and with another leg to be bent between the bending edges or bending surfaces 112 and 142 clamped. In this way, a non-linear bending edge or bending surface corresponding to the contour of the bending edges or bending surface is created in the sheet metal 112 and 142 imprinted.

7th shows the design of the device according to the invention 100 for introducing concave or convex bending edges into the sheet metal to be formed 200 . The bending edges or bending surfaces are accordingly on the upper beam 110 or the lower cheek 120 also concave or convex. This concave or convex configuration of the bending edges is only a sub-case of the generally claimed configuration of the bending edges as at least partially non-linear. Here, the offset in the x-direction corresponds to the vertical distance A. between the rearmost and the foremost point in the bending edge of the upper beam. If the concave or convex bending edges represent arcs of a circle, for example, the perpendicular distance corresponds A. between the rearmost and the foremost point of the bending edge within the meaning of the invention the height of the respective circle segment; please refer 7th . The claimed offset arrangement of the axis of rotation D. applies equally to this special case. In 7th becomes the bending beam 140 starting from their initial bending position B0 pivoted by 90 ° into its bending end position (not shown) in order to introduce the concave or convex bending edge into the sheet metal.

The 8th to 12th show the device according to the invention with a third embodiment for the bending edges 112 and 114 from Oberwange 110 and folding beam 140 in different views. Specifically, the bending edges here are designed to be undulating with wave crests and troughs of different heights. The descriptions of the previous exemplary embodiments apply analogously to these figures.

Finally, the device 100 a rear stop (not shown in the figures) for the sheet metal to be formed 200 , in particular have the legs to be clamped, as an auxiliary device when the sheet metal 200 aligned on the top of the lower beam.

With the swivel bending method according to the invention, 2- or 3-dimensionally shaped non-linear bending edges can be implemented in the sheet metal to be formed and thus spherical cross-sectional changes in a profile component made from this sheet metal. The illustrated variants offset or s-run, concave or convex can also merge into straight profile sections, which makes it possible to use swivel bending on bending edges with both linear and non-linear sections. In the claims, this is taken into account by the wording “at least in sections non-linear”. By means of the device according to the invention, for example, tapering or widening of the geometric longitudinal profile can be achieved in the sheet metal to be formed in order to meet geometric and functional requirements, such as those caused by complex or limited installation spaces or by a requirement for variable rigidity over the length of a bending edge, z. B. in lightweight construction.

The previous manufacturing possibilities of linear swivel bending are expanded to a great extent by the non-linear bending edge. The flexible production of longitudinally variable, profiled geometries is made possible by swivel bending with a non-linear bending edge, even for areas of application with a wide range of items with high geometric variability at the same time.

Preferably the bending edges are 112 , 122 , 142 formed on bending rails (not shown in the figures) which are preferably releasably attached to the upper cheek, the lower cheek and / or to the bending cheek as tools. These bending rails can then be exchanged cost-effectively as wear parts without the entire cheek having to be replaced immediately if the bending edges are worn.

The 13th to 21 relate to the most general embodiment of the device according to the invention 100 , at which the bending edge 112 or bending surface is shaped not only 2-dimensionally in the xy plane, but 3-dimensionally in the xyz space.

According to 13th owns the bending edge 112 the upper cheek 110 therefore not just one point at the rear and one point at the very front vP seen in the x-direction, but also a highest point hP and a lowest point seen in the z-direction, it being possible for the points to partially coincide. The origin of coordinates BP results from the merged projection of the foremost point vP and the highest point hP the tip of the bending edge of the upper beam in the zx-plane on the left outside of the upper beam 110 . The origin of coordinates is - just like the foremost point vP - compared to the rearmost point in the x-direction by the vertical distance A. and just like the highest point hP - compared to the lowest point in the z-direction by the vertical distance B. offset. The axis of rotation D. , around which the bending beam is pivoted, is below the origin of the coordinates BP .

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{für A<B}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{-}\left(\text{B}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array}$$

14th shows the upper cheek 13th in a side view. The work area according to the invention can be seen in particular 104 (shown hatched), in which the axis of rotation intersects the zx-plane at least at the beginning and at the end of a bending process. According to the invention, the following applies to its limits: $$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for a}\ge \text{B.}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array};$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for A <B}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{-}\left(\text{B.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array}$$

The in 14th The following applies: A> B and the axis of rotation D. intersects the xz plane at the maximum distance from the origin of the coordinates BP with - (A + s) <xD and - (A + s) <zD.

15th and 16 show the interaction of the upper cheek 110 , Lower cheek 120 and folding beam 140 with clamped workpiece 200 in a bending end position B2 . The folding beam 140 is from below around the angle α around the axis of rotation D. against the upper cheek 110 panned. The hidden tool edges are indicated by the dashed lines.

17th shows the optional formation of the upper beam 110 , the lower cheek 120 and / or the bending beam 140 from a large number of individual segments i . The segments advantageously offer the possibility of designing the bending edges and surfaces on the cheeks in accordance with any 2- or 3-dimensional shape specifications for the workpiece to be bent. The individual segments are preferably i to this end individually stored and adjustable with regard to several degrees of freedom. In 17th is an example of the x degree of freedom and the associated infeed xS, i of a segment i the upper cheek designated. In particular, the segment tips are, for example, spherically shaped for a targeted shaping. It is also possible to use interpolation layers to avoid tool marks in the workpiece.

According to 18th are the bending surfaces of the upper cheek, the lower cheek and / or the bending cheek and / or their segments and / or the cheeks and / or the segments themselves are at least partially resiliently mounted. This resilient mounting advantageously enables at least one Partial compensation of the elastic bending components. Bending to the final contour can thereby be made possible for various materials and, if necessary, subsequent reworking can be at least partially avoided.

The following 19th to 21 illustrate an example of pivoting the bending beam from top to bottom against the lower beam. The bending edge 122 the lower cheek 120 or their bending surface 124 is not only shaped two-dimensionally in the xy-plane, but three-dimensionally in the xyz space.

According to 19th owns the bending edge 122 the lower cheek 120 therefore not just one point at the rear and one point at the very front vP ' seen in the x-direction with a perpendicular distance A. ' but also a highest point and a lowest point nP ' seen in the z-direction with a perpendicular distance B. ' , whereby the points can partly coincide. The origin of coordinates BP 'is on the left outside of the lower beam 120 and results from the combined projection of the foremost point vP 'and the lowest point nP ' the tip of the bending edge in the zx plane. The axis of rotation D. , around which the bending beam is pivoted, is here above the origin of the coordinates BP ' .

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{für A'<B'}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A'}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{B'}\le \text{zD<B'}+\text{s}\end{array}$$

20th shows the lower cheek 19th in a side view. The work area according to the invention can be seen in particular 104 ' (shown hatched), in which the axis of rotation intersects the zx-plane. According to the invention, the following applies to its limits: $$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for a'}\ge \text{B '}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A '}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{B '}\le \text{zD <A '}+\text{s}\end{array};$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for A '<B'}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A '}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{B '}\le \text{zD <B '}+\text{s}\end{array}$$

The in 20th The following applies: A '>B' and the axis of rotation D. intersects the xz plane, for example, at the maximum distance from the origin of the coordinates BP ' with - (A '+ s) <xD and zD <A' + s.

21 shows the interaction of the upper cheek 110 , Lower cheek 120 and folding beam 140 with clamped workpiece 200 in a bending end position B2 . The folding beam 140 is from above around the angle α around the axis of rotation D. against the lower cheek 120 panned. The hidden tool edges are indicated by the dashed lines.

List of reference symbols

100

contraption

104

Working area of the axis of rotation "Bending from below"

104 '

Working area of the axis of rotation "Bending from above"

110

Upper cheek

112

Bending edge / front edge of the upper beam

114

Bending surface of the upper beam

120

Lower cheek

122

Bending edge / front edge lower beam

124

Bending surface of the lower beam

130

first drive

140

Bending beam

142

Bending edge of the bending beam

144

Bending surface of the bending beam

150

second drive

200

workpiece

A.

Horizontal offset of the bending edge of the upper beam

A '

Horizontal offset of the bending edge of the lower beam

B.

Vertical offset of the bending edge of the upper beam

B '

Vertical offset of the bending edge of the lower beam

B0

Bending starting position of the bending beam

B1

first bending position of the bending beam

B2

Bending end position of the bending beam

BP

Origin of coordinates when "bending from below"

BP '

Origin of coordinates when "bending from above"

D.

Rotation axis of the bending beam

F.

Spring force

hP

highest point of the bending edge of the upper beam

nP '

lowest point of the bending edge of the lower beam

i

segment

s

Workpiece thickness

vP

foremost point of the bending edge of the upper beam

vP '

foremost point of the bending edge of the lower beam

xD

x-coordinate of the axis of rotation of the bending beam

xS, i

x-coordinate of the infeed of the i-th segment

zD

z-coordinate of the axis of rotation of the bending beam

α

Bending angle

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 017/067850 A1 [0005]
• WO 2004/033125 A1 [0005]
• EP 2127772 A2 [0005, 0006]
• EP 0934131 B1 [0005]

Non-patent literature cited

• DIN 8586 [0002]

Claims (25)

Device (100) for pivoting a workpiece (200), in particular a sheet metal, of thickness s, comprising: an upper beam (110) with a bending edge (112); a lower cheek (120); a clamping device, preferably with a first drive (130), for adjusting the upper cheek (110) and the lower cheek (120) relative to each other for clamping a leg of the workpiece (200) to be bent between the upper and lower cheek so that a other leg to be bent of the workpiece protrudes from the upper and lower cheek; a bending beam (140); and a second drive (150) for pivoting the bending beam (140) about an axis of rotation (D) against the upper beam (110) into a bending end position B2; characterized in that the bending edge of the upper beam - even under load - at least partially non-linear and - based on a given right-handed coordinate system x, y, z - in the x-direction with a rearmost point and a foremost point and possibly in z- Direction is formed with a lowest point and a highest point; and that a control device is provided for displacing the axis of rotation D of the bending beam (140) during a bending process so that the coordinates xD, zD of the intersection of the axis of rotation D of the bending beam with the zx plane of the coordinate system, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process , lie in the zx plane in a work area (104) which is delimited as follows: $$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for a}\ge \text{B.}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)\text{<zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array};$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for A <B}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{-}\left(\text{B.}+\text{s}\right)\text{<zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array}$$

where xD is the offset of the axis of rotation of the bending beam in relation to the coordinate origin in the x-direction, zD is the offset of the axis of rotation of the bending beam in relation to the origin of coordinates in the z-direction, A is the vertical distance between the rearmost and the foremost point in the bending edge of the upper beam in x- Direction, B the vertical distance between the lowest and the highest point in the bending edge of the upper beam in the z-direction, and s the workpiece thickness; and wherein the origin of coordinates lies on the left outer side of the upper beam and results from the combined projection of the foremost point and the highest point of the tip of the bending edge of the upper beam in the zx-plane; or that - instead of the provided control device - the axis of rotation (D) of the bending beam (140) is fixed in place so that the coordinates xD, zD of their intersection with the zx plane of the coordinate system lie in the zx plane in the work area (104) . Device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the working area (104) in which the point of intersection of the axis of rotation D and the zx plane lies, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process, is limited as follows: for A≥B $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A.}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{zD}\le \text{-B};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{-A}\le \text{zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array}$$

or for A <B $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A.}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{-}\left(\text{B.}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{zD}\le \text{-B};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{zD}=\text{-B}\end{array}$$

Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper beam (110) has a bending surface (114) which is at least partially uneven. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending cheek (140) has a bending edge (142) and / or bending surface (144) which is at least partially complementary to the non-linear bending edge (112) and / or the uneven bending surface (114) of the upper beam (120) is formed. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower beam (120) has a front edge (122) which is at least partially contoured in the same way as the bending edge (122) of the upper beam (120) or which is straight, preferably parallel is designed to the coordinate origin axis in the y-direction. Device (100) for pivoting a workpiece (200), in particular a sheet metal, of thickness s, comprising: an upper beam (110); a lower cheek (120) with a bending edge (122); a clamping device, preferably with a first drive (130), for adjusting the upper cheek (110) and the lower cheek (120) relative to one another for clamping a leg of the workpiece (200) to be bent between the upper and lower cheek so that a other leg to be bent of the workpiece protrudes from the upper and lower cheek; a bending beam (140); and a second drive (150) for pivoting the bending beam (140) about an axis of rotation (D) against the lower beam (120) into a bending end position; characterized in that the bending edge (122) of the lower beam (120) - even under load - at least partially non-linear and - based on a given right-handed coordinate system x, y, z - in the x direction with a rearmost point and a foremost point and is optionally formed in the z-direction with a lowest point and a highest point; and that a control device is provided for displacing the axis of rotation D of the bending beam (140) during a bending process so that the coordinates xD, zD of the intersection of the axis of rotation D of the bending beam (140) with the zx plane of the coordinate system, at least at the beginning and on End of the bending process, lie in the zx-plane in a work area (104 '), which is limited as follows: $$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for a'}\ge \text{B '}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A '}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}<\text{A '}+\text{s};\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for A '<B'}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A '}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}<\text{B '}+\text{s}\end{array}$$

where xD is the offset of the axis of rotation of the bending beam in relation to the coordinate origin in the x direction, zD is the offset of the axis of rotation of the bending beam in relation to the origin of coordinates in the z direction, A 'is the vertical distance between the rearmost and the foremost point in the bending edge of the lower beam in x -Direction, B 'the vertical distance between the lowest and the highest point in the bending edge of the lower beam in the z-direction, and s denotes the workpiece thickness; and wherein the origin of coordinates lies on the left outer side of the lower beam and results from the combined projection of the foremost point and the lowest point of the tip of the bending edge of the lower beam into the zx plane; or that - instead of the provided control device - the axis of rotation (D) of the bending beam (140) is arranged in a stationary manner so that the coordinates xD, zD of their intersection with the zx plane of the coordinate system in the zx plane in the work area (104 ') lie. Device according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the working area (104 ') in which the point of intersection of the axis of rotation D with the zx-plane lies, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process, is limited as follows: for A'≥B': $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A '}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}\le \text{A '}+0.5\text{s};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A '}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}\le \text{A '}\end{array}$$

or for A '<B': $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A '}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}\le \text{B '}+0.5\text{s};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A '}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{zD}=\text{B '}\end{array}$$

Device (100) according to one of the Claims 6 or 7th , characterized in that the lower beam (120) has a bending surface (124) which is at least partially uneven. Device (100) according to one of the Claims 6 to 8th , characterized in that the bending cheek (140) has a bending edge (142) and / or bending surface (144) which is at least partially complementary to the non-linear bending edge (122) and / or the uneven bending surface (124) of the lower cheek (120 ) is trained. Device (100) according to one of the Claims 6 to 9 , characterized in that the upper beam (110) has a front edge (112) which is at least partially contoured in the same way as the bending edge (112) of the lower beam (110) or which is straight, preferably parallel to the coordinate origin axis in the y-direction. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the non-linear bending edges and / or the uneven bending surfaces of the upper, lower and / or bending beam are curved at least in one section, for example wavy, concave or convex, and / or are formed stepped offset. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a rear stop for striking the sheet metal. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by one on the upper beam (110), the lower beam (120) and / or the bending beam (140), preferably detachably fastened bending rail, on which the at least partially non-linear bending edge is formed. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper beam (110), the lower beam (120) and / or the bending beam (140) is at least partially in the form of preferably individually or individually adjustable segments, so that the Segments can be flexibly adapted to a desired bending line by shifting along their degrees of freedom in the x-direction, preferably in the x-direction, y-direction and / or z-direction, which are curved at least in a length section, for example wavy, concave or convex, and / or is stepped off. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending surfaces of the upper cheek, the lower cheek and / or the bending cheek and / or their segments and / or that the cheeks and / or their segments themselves and / or the bending rails at least partially are resiliently mounted. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underside of the upper cheek and / or the upper side of the lower cheek in the clamping area of the workpiece are at least partially three-dimensional and complementary to one another. Device according to one of the preceding claims, with the workpiece clamped between the upper beam and the lower beam. A method (100) for pivoting a workpiece with the thickness s, in particular a sheet metal (200), comprising the following steps: clamping a leg of the workpiece (200) to be bent between an upper and a lower beam so that another leg of the The workpiece protrudes from the upper and lower cheek; Bending the protruding leg of the workpiece about the bending edge of the upper beam by pivoting a bending beam (140), which attaches to the leg to be bent, about an axis of rotation and about the bending edge of the upper beam into a bending end position; characterized in that the bending edge of the upper beam - even under load - at least partially non-linear and - based on a given right-handed coordinate system x, y, z - in the x-direction with a rearmost point and a foremost point and in the z-direction with a lowest point and a highest point is formed; and that the coordinates xD, zD of the point of intersection of the axis of rotation D, around which the bending beam is pivoted, lie with the zx plane of the coordinate system, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process, in the zx plane in a work area (104), which is limited as follows: $$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for a}\ge \text{B.}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A + s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array};$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for a}<\text{B.}:& \text{-}\left(\text{A.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{-}\left(\text{B.}+\text{s}\right)<\text{zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array}$$

where xD is the offset of the axis of rotation relative to the coordinate origin in the x direction, zD the offset of the axis of rotation relative to the coordinate origin in the z direction, A the vertical distance between the lowest and the foremost point in the bending edge of the upper beam in the x direction and B den vertical distance between the lowest and the highest point in the bending edge of the upper beam in the z-direction s denotes the workpiece thickness; and wherein the origin of coordinates lies on the left outer side of the upper beam and results from the combined projection of the foremost point and the highest point of the tip of the bending edge of the upper beam in the zx plane. Procedure according to Claim 18 , characterized in that the working area (104) in which the point of intersection of the axis of rotation D and the zx plane lies, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process, is limited as follows: for A≥B $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A +}0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{-}\left(\text{A +}0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{zD}\le \text{-B};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{-A}\le \text{zD}\le \text{-B}\end{array}$$

or for A <B $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A +}0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{-}\left(\text{B +}0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{zD}\le \text{-B};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{zD}=\text{-B}\end{array}$$

A method (100) for pivoting a workpiece with the thickness s, in particular a sheet metal (200), comprising the following steps: Clamping a leg of the workpiece (200) to be bent between an upper and lower cheek so that another one to be bent The leg of the workpiece protrudes from the upper and lower cheek; Bending the protruding leg of the workpiece around the bending edge of the lower cheek by pivoting a bending cheek (140), which attaches to the leg to be bent, about an axis of rotation and about the bending edge of the lower cheek into a bending end position; characterized in that the bending edge of the lower beam - even under load - at least partially non-linear and - based on a given right-handed coordinate system x, y, z - in the x-direction with a rearmost point and a foremost point and in the z-direction with a lowest point and a highest point is formed; and that the coordinates xD, zD of the intersection of the axis of rotation D, around which the bending beam is pivoted, with the zx plane of the coordinate system, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process, lie in the zx plane in a work area (104 ') , which is limited as follows: $$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for a'}\ge \text{B '}:& -\left(\text{A '}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}<\text{A '}+\text{s};\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{for A '<B'}:& -\left(\text{A '}+\text{s}\right)<\text{xD}\le 0& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}<\text{B '}+\text{s}\end{array}$$

where xD is the offset of the axis of rotation of the bending beam in relation to the coordinate origin in the x direction, zD is the offset of the axis of rotation of the bending beam in relation to the origin of coordinates in the z direction, A 'is the vertical distance between the rearmost and the foremost point in the bending edge of the lower beam in x -Direction, B 'the vertical distance between the lowest and the highest point in the bending edge of the lower beam in the z-direction, and s denotes the workpiece thickness; and wherein the origin of coordinates lies on the left outer side of the lower beam and results from the combined projection of the foremost point and the lowest point of the tip of the bending edge of the lower beam into the zx plane. Procedure according to Claim 20 , characterized in that the working area (104 ') in which the point of intersection of the axis of rotation D with the zx-plane lies, at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process, is limited as follows: for A'≥B': $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A '}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}\le \text{A '}+0.5\text{s};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A '}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}\le \text{A '}\end{array}$$

or for A '<B': $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-}\left(\text{A '}+0.5\text{s}\right)\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{B '}\le \text{zD}\le \text{B '}+\mathrm{,\; 05}\text{s};\end{array}$$

more preferably: $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{-A '}\le \text{xD}\le 0;& \text{zD}=\text{B '}\end{array}$$

Method according to one of the Claims 18 to 21 characterized in that the point of intersection of the axis of rotation with the zx-plane is displaced during the swivel bending and lies within the associated work area (104) or (104 ') at least at the beginning and at the end of the bending process and a function, for example depending on the Bending angle, follows with: xD (α), zD (α) Method according to one of the Claims 18 to 22nd , characterized in that the axis of rotation D is displaced relative, in particular obliquely or parallel, to the y-axis of the coordinate system during the swivel bending. Procedure according to Claim 22 and 23 , characterized in that the axis of rotation is shifted in the zx plane on a trajectory as a function of the bending angle. Method according to one of the Claims 18 to 24 , characterized in that the swivel bending is cold or hot forming.

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