DE102019103233A1 - seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

Seed drill, in particular precision seed drill (2), with at least one sowing unit (5), the sowing unit (5) having at least two separate seed-feeding devices (9L, 9R) and at least one discharge organ (11), each of the seed-feeding devices (9L, 9R) a separate metering device (10L, 10R) for generating a seed stream to the dispensing member (11), and the dispensing member (11) is adapted to convey a quantity of seed to the ground, wherein the seeder a control and / or regulating device, which is adapted to control the metering (10L, 10R) and the at least one dispensing member (11) of the seeder includes. In order to further develop the control and / or regulating device in order to set up a simplified seed drill for sowing different types of seed in a crossing, it is provided that the control and / or regulating device is set up to adjust the ratio between that of at least one of the metering devices ( 10L, 10R) seed flow and the amount of seed delivered by the dispensing member (11) and to store field-specific data.

Description

The invention relates to a sowing machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating the drill.

Such a seeder is in US 20150059630 A1 described. This trained as a seeder sowing machine has a central frame with a transverse to the direction of support beams. On the central frame two separate seed storage containers are arranged, which are arranged to store large quantities of different seeds. A plurality of sowing units are arranged at equal distances from each other on the carrying beam, wherein a sowing unit has in each case two separate seed-feeding devices and two discharge organs. By means of a separate metering device, a seed stream is thereby produced in each case by a seed delivery device to the discharge organ. The dispensing organ, in turn, is designed to convey a quantity of seed to the ground.

The sowing unit is also provided with soil tillage tools to incorporate the seeded soil into the soil. In order to supply the seed-feeding devices of a sowing unit with seed from the seed storage containers, the seed drill can be provided with a blower, so that pneumatic conveying can be used. From the seed-feeding devices, the seed stream is metered to the discharge organs, where it is separated, so that the seed quantity is deposited as individual grains in the soil. This precision seed drill also includes a control and / or regulating device controlling the metering and Ausbringorgane.

The seed drill described above is adapted to plant various seeds in one crossing of a field. For this purpose either a separate Saatgutzubringeinrichtung and a separate dispensing organ are assigned to each seed variety or Ausbringorgane the individual rows are provided with a buffer system with Saatgutrückfuhrmöglichkeit. The disadvantage here is that in any case, the system requires a variety of Aktorischer components to sow during a crossing various types of seeds. These components are costly and increase the complexity of the device. Another disadvantage is that, at least in the embodiment in which the Ausbringorgane are equipped with the buffer system, a first seed must be emptied from the Ausbringorgan before a second seed can be applied by means of this Ausbringorganes. On the one hand, this step is time-consuming, which negatively influences the work result, since the machine either has to stop or unplanned defects, that is to say empty areas, arise. And on the other hand, this step requires a complex actuator for emptying the Ausbringorganes and for returning the emptied seeds.

From the publication US 6845724 B2 is another seeder known. This seed drill is also set up to plant various types of seed. For this purpose either a separate dispensing organ is assigned to each seed variety or the control and / or regulating device has to be set up to calculate a residual quantity remaining in the dispensing organ. The disadvantage here is that both solutions are complex and additionally require costly and complex components.

The object of the invention is therefore to develop the control and / or regulating device in order to set up a simplified seed drill to sow different types of seeds in one crossing.

This object is achieved in that the control and / or regulating device is adapted to adjust the ratio between the seed stream produced by at least one of the metering and the seed amount funded by the Ausbringorgan and store field-specific data.

As a result of this measure, a simplified seed drill is provided, which is adapted to change during a crossing quickly between different types of seeds and sow them by the generated seed stream and the seed quantity discharged are matched by means of the control and / or regulating device. If the ratio between the seed stream produced by one of the metering members and the seed quantity conveyed by the discharge member is set to at least approximately one by the control and / or regulating device, then the dwelling quantity and residence time of the seed to be sowed in the discharge member of this row is minimized in a simple manner , This is the case, since in this way the amount flowing to the dispensing member corresponds at least approximately to the quantity of seed applied, so that preferably no buffer is created in front of the dispensing member. An advantage of this development of the control and / or regulating device is that a single Ausbringorgan is set up without additional Aktorische components for seeding various types of seed. It is also advantageous that the field-specific data stored in the memory of the control and / or regulating device can be taken into account in order to select the seed to be sowed.

In an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the at least two separate seed feeding devices to bring at least two mutually different seed varieties. Consequently, it is fast and particularly easy to switch between different types of seeds in this development by the dosing of a seed feeding device is disabled while the dosing of the different seeds zubringenden other seed feeding is activated and the respective generated seed stream with the help of a single Ausbringorganes separated and is directed to the ground. Different types of seed are understood here to mean both different varieties of a plant species, for example varieties specially adapted to specific field characteristics, as well as seeds of various plant species, for example maize, soya or sunflowers. In a particularly advantageous manner, this development interacts with the field-specific data stored in the memory of the control and / or regulating device by selecting and applying the seed type most suitable for the respective field section on the basis of this data. For this purpose, the control and / or regulating device in addition to the field-specific data and the characteristics of the different seed varieties are known, so that they can be compared with regard to the most optimal suitability.

In a further advantageous development, the ratio between seed flow and seed quantity is at least approximately constant regulated by the control and / or regulating device. In a particularly simple manner, the regulation of the metering is so adapted to the desired Ausbringcharakteristik the Ausbringorgane and vice versa. In other words: when necessary changes of one of the two control variables, seed flow and seed quantity, the control and / or regulating device is adapted to adjust the respective other control variable in a manner that the ratio remains at least approximately constant. Particularly advantageous here is that the simplified seeder with its control and / or regulating device is flexible and quickly set up to adapt the control variables.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the control and / or regulating device is set up to determine the position and / or position change of the at least one sowing unit in a processed field that the control and / or regulating device in dependence Position of the at least one sowing unit in the field controls the metering. Conveniently, the seeder is set up as a result of this measure to deploy depending on the position of different types of seed. Thus, the field-specific data in operation can be used in a particularly simple manner in order to produce the best possible image in terms of yield by the specific application of suitable seed varieties. A further advantage of this embodiment is the possibility of producing any desired images. These arbitrary seeds can find expression on the one hand through the targeted placement of defects, as would be conceivable, for example, for creating a maize labyrinth, or to save out non-viable partial areas and thus save seed. On the other hand, seeds from at least two different plant varieties are conceivable, for example, to create geometrically recognizable figures that would be seen in aerial photographs, for example. Such a saw image could for example consist of corn plants on the one hand and sunflowers on the other.

In an advantageous development, it is provided that the control and / or regulating device controls the associated dispensing member as a function of the change in position of the at least one sowing unit. In generic sowing machines, in which the support beam on which the sowing units are arranged extends transversely to the direction of travel, it comes regularly when cornering significant deviations in the storage of the isolated seeds. The problem results from the different web speeds experienced by the sowing units as a function of their radius of curvature. While the sowing units are slowed down in the interior of the curve and thus produce a reduced distance between the deposited seeds with unchanged control of Ausbringorganes, it comes at the edge of the curve to an increased storage distance due to increased web speeds. Conveniently, this development is adapted to compensate for different web speeds by the control of Ausbringorganes is adjusted by means of the specific change in position. As an alternative to changing the position, the yaw rate can also be determined and used for compensation. In a particularly advantageous manner, the position change or rate of rotation for each sowing unit is determined individually and taken into account for controlling the respective Ausbringorganes.

In a further advantageous development, it is provided that the field-specific data contain position-related information about seed varieties to be delivered. In a particularly simple and simple manner, the seed drill is thus able to deploy the appropriate seed on the basis of the field-specific data and the determined position. In the memory of the control and / or regulating device, only an assignment is to be deposited, which contains information about which seed feeding device which seed type provides.

1. a. Bestimmen der Position und/oder Positionsänderung des zumindest einen Säaggregates in dem zu bearbeitenden Feld, und
2. b. Ansteuerung des Dosierorgans des für die jeweiligen Position die geeignete Saatgutsorte zubringende Saatgutzubringeinrichtung anhand der feldspezifischen Daten und/oder Ansteuern des zumindest einen Ausbringorgans auf Basis der bestimmten Positionsänderungen.

The operation of the seeder described above, in particular the processing of a Feldes, characterized in that field-specific data are stored in the control and / or regulating device and the following method steps are carried out:

1. a. Determining the position and / or position change of the at least one sowing unit in the field to be processed, and
2. b. Actuation of the dosing of the seed for the respective position of the appropriate seed variety zubringende seed on the basis of the field-specific data and / or driving the at least one Ausbringorgans based on the determined changes in position.

In summary, a sowing machine that is particularly advantageously simplified compared to the state of the art is thus provided for sowing various types of seed in a crossing, in that the control and / or regulating device is developed in a predominantly expedient manner.

• 1 einen Ackerschlepper und eine Einzelkornsämaschine in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 2 ein Säaggregat, wobei verschiedene Komponenten demontiert sind, in Teilschnitt und Ansicht von hinten,
• 3 ein Feld in Ansicht von oben,
• 4 eine Karte eines zu besäenden Feldes in schematischer Ansicht, und
• 5 ein Säbild bei Kurvenfahrt in schematischer Ansicht.

Further details of the invention can be taken from the example description and the drawings. The drawings show

• 1 a farm tractor and a seeder in perspective view,
• 2 a seeding unit, whereby different components are dismantled, in partial section and view from behind,
• 3 a field in top view,
• 4 a map of a field to be sawn in a schematic view, and
• 5 a sawing image when cornering in a schematic view.

A farm tractor 1 with an attached and as a seeder 2 trained seeder is in 1 shown. The precision seed drill 2 includes at its front end a reservoir 3 , which usually serves for the storage of fertilizers. In the direction of travel behind the reservoir 3 are on a transverse to the direction of travel beams 4 a plurality of sowing units 5 arranged side by side. The precision seed drill 2 Also includes a control and / or regulating device, which is formed in this embodiment by one of the seeder 2 assigned job computer 6 and one on the farm tractor 1 arranged terminal unit 7 , The terminal unit 7 is set up in a manner known per se to store and display information, as well as field-specific data, as well as to make entries possible. The job computer 6 however, the processing of signals and for controlling and / or regulating machine parts and their functions of the seeder used 2 , The job computer 6 and the terminal unit 7 are connected and together form the control and / or regulating device.

In 2 is a seeding unit 5 to see in partial section and view from behind in the direction of travel, with some components are dismantled. The sowing unit 5 includes at its upper end a seed hopper 8th , The seed reservoir 8th is through a partition 8A in a left and a right seed-feeding device 9L . 9R divided. Each seed feeder 9L . 9R Here is a separate metering 10L . 10R assigned. In addition, the sowing unit includes 5 at its lower end an applicator 11 , which is set up to separate different seed varieties and to direct a quantity of seed to the ground, where it is incorporated with the help of appropriate tools. By means of dosing 10L . 10R can be so from the respective seed feeder 9L . 9R a seed stream to Ausbringorgan 11 produce where this seed stream is separated and stored as a single seed in the soil. The dosing organs 10L . 10R of each sowing unit and the Ausbringorgane 11 All sowing units are each equipped with a drive proportional to the flow rate and can thus be controlled by the job computer 6 in cooperation with the terminal unit 7 control. As drive speed controllable motors can be used.

In each case a sowing unit 5 forms with the surrounding and interacting components a so-called row unit of the precision seed drill 2 , In the embodiment shown, the precision seeder comprises 2 thus a total of eight row units. The separate seed feeding devices 9L . 9R are inventively filled with different seed varieties. The seed varieties may, for example, differ in terms of their suitability for different soil properties or originate from different plant species. In order to sow as precisely and continuously as possible within a range of different seed varieties without providing an additional dispensing organ for each seed variety, the job computer is 6 the control and / or regulating device adapted to the ratio between that of the respective active dosing 10L . 10R a series produced seed stream and that of the Ausbringorgan 11 adjusted seed quantity. Preferably, the ratio is set to at least approximately one, so that the Ausbringorgan 11 applied seed flow at least approximately corresponds to the applied seed quantity and advantageously almost no buffer is formed. In this way, accumulates in front of the Ausbringorgan 11 preferably no seeds, so that can be changed quickly and easily between the two seed varieties of a series by the one dosing 10L deactivated and at the same time the other dosing 10R is activated or vice versa. This results in principle in a fast and smooth transition between the application of different seed varieties within a row by means of a Ausbringorganes 11 , Otherwise the seeder will work 2 in a conventional manner, namely that per row unit seed grains in the most uniform distance a filed to each other and incorporated into the soil.

As already described above, the terminal unit 7 the control and / or regulating device configured to store field-specific data. The field specific data contains information about where in a field to be processed which of the seed delivery devices 9L . 9R to be applied to applicable seed varieties. In other words, the field-specific data can be used in the terminal unit 7 any seeds, be it for potentially yield-increasing purposes or for reasons of form-creating, are stored. In addition, it is provided that each sowing unit 5 with at least one sensor, which determines the position and the position change or rate of rotation of the sowing unit 5 determined, is provided. Usually, this can be a common GPS sensor are used, so that there is a cooperating sensor array. Alternatively, various other sensor arrangements and / or circuits are conceivable, which are set up to determine the above data. The job computer 6 is connected to the corresponding sensors and processes their signals in the sequence such that it the respective dosing 10L . 10R with simultaneous consideration of the field-specific data. Thus, the stored Säbilder can be accurately positioned on a field to be processed by means of the invention Einzelkornsämaschine 2 transfer.

In 3 is an aerial view of a field processed by the sowing machine according to the invention 12 to see in black and white. Black marked here are seeded areas, which are covered, for example, by corn plants. The white areas in this example are unoccupied areas, ie juxtapositions of deliberately placed defects where no seed has been incorporated into the soil to produce the desired seed image. This maize labyrinth can not only be produced as usual by deliberately chopping the corn plants at an early stage of growth, but rather directly during the application of seeds by the precision seed drill 2 invest. For this purpose, the desired Säbild in the form of field-specific data in the terminal unit 7 saved. Subsequently, in the otherwise unchanged, usual processing of the field 12 by means of the behind a farm tractor 1 attached, inventive seeder 2 the field-specific data with those of the job computer 6 determined by the sensor arrangement positions of the sowing units 5 compared. Is there one or more sowing unit (s) 5 at a position at which a defect is planned according to field-specific data, the respective Ausbringorgan 11 from the job computer 6 temporarily disabled. The dispensing organ 11 remains deactivated until a position has been reached which is to be sown. It is expedient that the resulting delay until the next seed can be incorporated into the soil, which after reactivation of Ausbringorganes 11 results from the job computer 6 is compensated for by additional consideration of the driving speed. The compensation can be achieved by the Ausbringorgan 11 is reactivated with correspondingly high flow.

So before the Ausbringorgan 11 no accumulation of seed is caused by the interruption described above, it is provided that the ratio between the seed flow from the activated dosing 10L . 10R and of the Ausbringorgan 11 applied seed amount at least approximately constant from the job computer 6 is regulated. In this case, the seed quantity is first set to zero by the Ausbringorgan 11 temporarily disabled. To regulate the ratio at least approximately constant, the seed flow is set to zero, that is, the last activated dosing 10L . 10R is also disabled at least temporarily.

Through the area-wide processing of the field 12 in the manner described above, the desired image is created based on the field-specific data. After rising the seed is seen from above the in 3 shown pattern.

4 shows a map of a field to be sawn 12 in a schematic view and is intended as a further illustration of the use of field-specific data by the invention seeder 2 serve. The field 12 is in a plurality of processing traces 13 divided. These editing marks 13 are usually in alternating processing direction of the team of farm tractors 1 and seeder 2 run over so that the seed to be sowed can be applied. The width of a machining track 13 corresponds to the working width of the seeder 2 ,

As already described above, it is with the help of the seeder 2 possible to spread within a range of different seed varieties. This is a seed L ' from the seed feeder 9L and a second seed R ' from the seed feeder 9R spent. Continue is the field 12 based on in the terminal unit 7 stored field-specific data in different seed areas R . L divided. Generally, the field points 12 the sowing area R in which is provided the seed R ' deploy. Individual faces 14 However, for example, with regard to the seed growth influencing soil properties, they differ from the general seed area R , To also in the sub-areas 14 To achieve the best possible seed emergence and thus the best possible result in terms of yield, are the sub-areas 14 based on the field-specific data with the sowing area L characterized. That is, it is intended that on the faces 14 the seed L ' is applied. The seed L ' is in a special way to the soil properties in the seed area L customized.

As previously explained, during the crossing of the field 12 the position of the sowing units 5 compared with the field specific data. Generally, the metering device 10R of all rows, unless it is determined that one or more sowing unit (s) 5 in the seed area L are located. For this seeding unit (s) 5 is the dosing with appropriate flow 10R deactivated while at the same time the metering 10L is activated, so that the seed L ' applied and incorporated into the soil. In the context of the achievable accuracy, which is influenced among other things by the row and spacing, is as accurate as possible for the field 12 the saw picture 4 generated.

Another sawing image, in this case when cornering, is in schematic view in FIG 5 shown. The stringers 4 with the eight sowing units attached to it 5 is indicated in the upper area. Generally, it can be seen that the row units are at a distance x to each other and within a row two successive seeds in the distance a be filed. It is further shown that in adjacent rows the seed is staggered to each other, so that between the seeds of adjacent rows as equidistant distance arises. In order to compensate for different web speeds when cornering and to maintain as equidistant storage as possible, it is provided that the control and / or regulating device as a function of the change in position of the sowing units 5 the respective assigned dispensing organ 11 controls. In the example shown, the sowing unit learns 5 at the right free end of the support beam 4 a resulting from cornering, increased web speed. So that the seeds within this row continue at a distance a will be filed by the job computer 6 the associated dispensing organ 11 driven. Namely, the throughput is increased by, for example, increasing the rotational speed so that the seed grains can be singulated and deposited in a correspondingly increased frequency. Conversely, a slowed web speed can be compensated by reducing throughput.

Thus, even during and / or after cornering fast between the application of different seed varieties R . L can be changed, it is provided that the flow rate of the activated metering 10R . 10L at least approximately simultaneously readjusted and so to the changed parameters of Ausbringorganes 11 is adjusted.

The seeder described above 2 is thanks to an advantageously further developed control and / or regulating device, formed from job computer 6 and terminal unit 7 , to set up different seeds R ' . L ' to sow in a profitable way in a crossing. The seeder 2 This is characterized by a particularly simplified structure and makes use of the knowledge that a change between different seeds R ' . L ' can be implemented without significant additional complex components. However, the ratio between those of the dosing 10R . 10L produced seed streams and that of the Ausbringorganen 11 adjustable seed rates adjustable.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

agricultural tractors

2

seeder

3

reservoir

4

stringers

5

sowing unit

6

job computer

7

terminal unit

8th

Seed reservoir

8A

partition wall

9L, 9R

Saatgutzubringeinrichtung

10L, 10R

metering

11

application component

12

field

13

edit track

L ', R'

seed variety

14

Teilffläche

L, R

the sowing

x, a

distance

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 20150059630 A1 [0002]
• US 6845724 B2 [0005]

Claims (7)

Seed drill, in particular precision seed drill (2), with at least one sowing unit (5), the sowing unit (5) having at least two separate seed-feeding devices (9L, 9R) and at least one discharge organ (11), each of the seed-feeding devices (9L, 9R) a separate metering device (10L, 10R) for generating a seed flow to the dispensing member (11), and the dispensing member (11) is adapted to direct a quantity of seed to the ground, wherein the seeder a control and / or regulating device, which is adapted to control the metering (10L, 10R) and the at least one discharge organ (11) of the seeder, characterized in that the control and / or regulating device is adapted to the ratio between that of at least one of the metering (10L, 10R ) set seed flow and by the Ausbringorgan (11) promoted seed amount and store field-specific data. Sowing machine after Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least two separate seed feeding devices (9L, 9R) provide at least two mutually different seeds (L ', R'). Seeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio between seed flow and seed quantity is at least approximately constant regulated by the control and / or regulating device. Seed drill according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control and / or regulating device is adapted to determine the position and / or position change of the at least one sowing unit (5) in a processed field (12) that the control and / or regulating device in dependence on the position of the at least one sowing unit (5) in the field controls the metering (10L, 10R). Seed drill according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control and / or regulating device controls the associated dispensing member (11) as a function of the change in position of the at least one sowing unit (5). Seed drill according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the field-specific data include position-related information about seed varieties (L ', R') to be delivered. Method for operating a seed drill, in particular for processing a field (12), according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that field-specific data are stored in a control and / or regulating device and the following method steps: a. Determining a position and / or position change of the at least one sowing unit (5) in the field (12) to be processed, b. Actuation of a metering member (10L, 10R) of the seed placement device (9L, 9R) to be delivered for the respective position of a suitable seed variety (L ', R') on the basis of the field-specific data and / or activation of the at least one discharge organ (11) on the basis of the determined position changes ,

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