DE102019101429A1 - Firearm component, firearm and method of manufacturing a firearm component - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a component for a firearm, in particular a handgun, such as the housing, cartridge chamber, magazine, handle, barrel, muffler and / or barrel, the component being made from one piece of an alloy comprising more than 15 at.% Aluminum and more is manufactured as 10 at.% titanium, in particular manufactured additively.

Description

The present invention relates to a component for a firearm, in particular a handgun, such as the housing, cartridge chamber, magazine, handle, barrel, muffler and / or barrel. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a manufacturing method for a component for a firearm, in particular a handgun, such as the housing, cartridge chamber, magazine, handle, barrel, muffler and / or barrel.

The requirements for modern weapons and their components, such as barrel, mantle or muffler, in particular for those components that are responsible for reducing or avoiding noise emissions on the one hand and enabling the most precise shot possible on the other, are diverse and related to each other Part in conflict.

For example, in addition to the most effective possible damping of the shot noise (sound damping capacity), silencers should also be able to be produced as lightly as possible, long-lasting, heat-insulating, recoil-resistant (recoil damping capacity) and with little manufacturing effort. It is also important to counteract undesirable effects, such as the so-called heat flickering and the first-shot problem. During heat flickering, the component, which heats up over time, heats the surrounding air, which creates flickering in the shooter's field of vision when climbing. The first-shot problem reveals that there is an increased proportion of oxygen within the muffler before the first shot, which burns due to the ignited propellant charge of the projectile and thus increases the sound of the first shot. Longevity means in particular high strengths, toughness, corrosion resistance, etc. in various operating conditions. During operation, the muffler can be exposed to temperatures from below 0 ° C for the first shot in winter to around 1000 ° C for fast shot salvos. The soundproofing capacity can be increased, for example, through increased use of materials but at the expense of weight, through larger deflection chambers within the muffler but at the expense of the first-shot problem, through longer detour paths of the combustion gas within the muffler but at the expense of heat flickering or through a need-optimized geometry but at the expense of production costs.

Sheaths for firearms can be used in addition or as an alternative to silencers and are mounted around the barrel of a firearm and / or silencer. Mantles must meet essentially the same requirements as mufflers, with mantles primarily used for heat insulation and heat dissipation to avoid heat flicker or burns, while mufflers are primarily responsible for sound insulation.

When firing a firearm, the requirement for the smallest possible delay with strong temperature fluctuations and durability is in conflict with the lowest possible weight and low manufacturing effort.

There are currently no satisfactory solutions for the weapon components listed above that meet all requirements.

US 2017/0160035 A1 discloses a method of making silencer segments from titanium aluminide powder. The use of titanium aluminide serves in particular to reduce the weight of the muffler segments or to increase the mechanical strength with the same weight. It is proposed that the oxygen content be varied within a narrow range of settings in order not to lose a decrease in strength if there is too little oxygen or if the material becomes brittle if there is too much oxygen. In the case of firearm components, in particular silencers, ductility over temperature resistance must be prioritized. To produce a segment, titanium aluminide powder is provided, a semifinished product is formed from the powder, and then the semifinished product is sintered into the silencer segment in an oven. With this method, the porosity can only be reduced to a limited extent of approximately 2%.

Next are on the procedure according to US 2017/0160035 A1 the high production costs, in particular due to the multi-stage process, and the geometric design freedom for the semi-finished product, which is restricted due to the production process, disadvantageous, namely by pressing or injection molding. Thin-walled structures made of titanium aluminides are proposed in order to achieve the highest possible sound absorption capacity with the lowest possible weight despite the limited freedom of design. However, when processed by the method, titanium aluminides tend to US 2017/0160035 A1 and particularly in the case of thin-walled structures for crack formation, so that the weight saving has a negative effect on the longevity.

It is an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide a component for a firearm with a reduced weight, the sound absorption capacity, the durability, the manufacturing outlay, the first-shot problem and / or the heat flicker in particular not being impaired are / is, preferably are / are improved. It is also an object of the invention to improve a manufacturing method for such a component.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of independent claims 1, 8, 12, 13, 17 and 18.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a component for a firearm, in particular a handgun, is provided. The component can be components that directly belong to the firearm, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel and / or a barrel. However, the component can also affect add-on parts of the firearm, such as a silencer or a barrel jacket. It is therefore clear that the component is not restricted to a specific geometric shape or arrangement or attachment to the firearm. Other firearm components not mentioned above may be included in the disclosure of the present invention.

According to one aspect of the present invention, the component is made from a piece of an alloy comprising more than 15 at% aluminum and more than 10 at% titanium. According to the present invention, it was found that these alloy components are particularly well suited for components for firearms in the minimum atomic percent range claimed, since they have particularly good properties with regard to the flexible production of complex geometric structures, which are particularly relevant for components for firearms, to meet the high requirements for heat resistance, sound insulation and recoil absorption. Furthermore, the alloy constituent composition according to the invention achieves an optimum of high strength and low weight. According to a development of the present invention, the component is made additively from a piece of the alloy. For example, when using powder grains as the starting material of the alloy for the manufacture of the component according to the invention, thermal shaping processes can be used. With thermal shaping processes, such as casting processes and additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser beam welding and selective electron beam welding, more complex geometries can be produced which, compared to other, for example machining, processing processes with the same or lower weight have increased sound absorption, recoil damping and / or heat absorption capacity can. Another advantage of the thermal shaping process is that a heat treatment can be integrated which increases the longevity of the firearm component. In the case of additive manufacturing processes in particular, the manufacturing outlay can be reduced both compared to metal-cutting manufacturing processes and to other thermal production processes, such as casting processes, since components can in particular be largely manufactured in one step and without the need for post-processing. For example, in the case of silencers and muzzle brakes, the entire muffler or muzzle brake can be produced in one step. In this context, largely in one step is to be understood that slight reworking, such as, for example, the introduction of a thread for fastening the component to the firearm, may be necessary.

According to an exemplary development of the present invention, the alloy comprises more than 20 at.%, 30 at.% Or 40 at.% Titanium and / or more than 20 at.%, 30 at.% Or 40 at. -% aluminum. It is clear that the properties of the corresponding components according to the invention can be adjusted with regard to their heat resistance, stability or weight by varying the alloy constituent compositions.

In an exemplary embodiment, titanium and aluminum together form a proportion of more than 25 at.%, 40 at.%, 50 at.%, 60 at.% Or 80 at.% Of the alloy. This ensures that the alloy consists of a preferred atomic percentage of the preferred alloy components aluminum and titanium, so that in particular it is ensured that the technical advantages according to the invention in terms of heat resistance, recoil damping and low weight are achieved.

In an exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention, the alloy has less than 90 at.%, 70 at.%, 60 at.% Or 50 at.% Aluminum and / or less than 85 at.%, 70 at. % or 60 at.% titanium.

According to an exemplary development of the present invention, the alloy has more than 1 at% and / or less than 6 at% niobium and / or tantalum.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the alloy has more than 1 at.% And / or less than 3 at.% Chromium, molybdenum and / or vanadium.

According to an exemplary development of the component according to the invention, the alloy has boron, in particular more than 0.1 at.% Boron and / or less than 1 at.% Boron.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a component for a firearm, in particular a handgun, is provided. The component can be components that directly belong to the firearm, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel and / or a barrel. However, the component can also affect add-on parts of the firearm, such as a silencer or a barrel jacket. Therefore, it is Idar that the component is not limited to a specific geometric shape or arrangement or attachment to the firearm. Other firearm components not mentioned above may be included in the disclosure of the present invention.

According to this aspect of the present invention, the component is additively made from a piece of a titanium aluminide alloy or a nickel-based alloy. Titanium aluminides (TiAl) are intermetallic compounds made of titanium and aluminum, which can be represented both as a structural material and as a coating material. Titanium aluminides have very good strength and stiffness properties at low density (about 3.8 g / cm ³ ) and have considerable properties in specific areas of application, such as firearm components, in which high temperature resistance, flexible deformability and high demands are placed on low weight Advantages. Nickel-based alloys are materials whose main constituent is nickel and which are usually produced with at least one other chemical element by means of a melting process and have good resistance to corrosion and / or high temperatures. According to the present invention, it has been found that the use of titanium aluminides and nickel-based alloys is particularly well suited for firearm components, especially when they are additively manufactured in one piece. For example, when using powder grains as the starting material of the alloy for the manufacture of the component according to the invention, thermal molding processes can be used. With thermal shaping processes, such as casting processes and additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser beam welding and selective electron beam welding, more complex geometries can be produced which, compared to other, for example machining, processing processes with the same or lower weight have increased sound absorption, recoil damping and / or heat absorption capacity can. Another advantage of the thermal shaping process is that a heat treatment can be integrated which increases the longevity of the firearm component. In the case of additive manufacturing processes in particular, the manufacturing outlay can be reduced both compared to metal-cutting manufacturing processes and to other thermal production processes, such as casting processes, since components can in particular be largely manufactured in one step and without the need for post-processing. For example, in the case of silencers and muzzle brakes, the entire muffler or muzzle brake can be produced in one step. In this context, largely in one step is to be understood that slight reworking, such as, for example, the introduction of a thread for fastening the component to the firearm, may be necessary.

In an exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention, it is produced by applying and fusing powder grains, in particular metal powder grains, in layers. The direction in which the powder grains are applied in layers and fused together determines the direction in which the additive manufacturing process is built up. The fact that the powder grains are applied in layers and fused together to this extent enables the respective layer thickness of the corresponding layer component to be set. The powder grains preferably comprise the titanium aluminide and / or nickel-based alloy. According to a further development, at least 50% of the powder grains have a diameter of at least 25 µm and at most 300 µm. The diameter of the powder grains can be measured in particular in accordance with DIN 66161. It is clear that the indication of the diameter in no way suggests that the grains necessarily have a perfect spherical geometry. Rather, the grains can also have spherical shapes or form agglomerations of several powder grains, which can arise during the production of the powder, for example by means of powder atomization.

According to an exemplary development of the present invention, the component is manufactured by means of a selective laser beam welding method. It can be provided that at least 50% of the metal powder grains have a diameter of at least 15 μm and at most 45 μm. The powder grains are applied in layers, for example, to a carrier plate and fused. It can be provided that a layer thickness in the direction of construction, in which the component is built up in layers, is at least 25 μm, preferably at least 35 μm or 45 μm.

According to an exemplary development of the present invention, the component is manufactured using a selective electron beam welding process. At least 50% of metal powder grains can have a diameter of at least 25 µm and at most 150 µm, in particular in the range from 40 µm to 80 µm. Alternatively or additionally, the powder grains can be characterized in that they have an average diameter of 60 µm to 90 µm, preferably in the range of 70 µm to 80 µm. According to a further development, the powder grains are applied in layers, for example, to a carrier plate and fused. It can be provided that a layer thickness in the direction of construction in which the component is built up in layers is at least 25 μm, preferably at least 35 μm, 45 μm or at least 60 μm and / or at most 80 μm. An exemplary selective electron beam melting system (EBM system) is characterized as follows: The essential components are the electron gun and the installation space in which components are generated in layers by means of selective melting from a so-called powder bed. The cannon has the task of emitting and accelerating electrons, bundling them into a beam and directing them to the working level in which the component is generated. Voltages of up to over 60 kV are used to accelerate the electrons. The preferably essentially inertia-free electron beam is deflected or focused by applying electromagnetic fields. A generally vertically movable carrier platform / construction platform, at least one powder tank and a powder rake for layer-by-layer application and uniform distribution of the powder material are arranged in the installation space. The high jet speed (up to 8000 m / s), for example, is advantageous in this process, which among other things means that additional heat can be introduced in every layer in addition to the local melting. There is a strong negative pressure in the installation space, preferably in a range from 10 * 10 ^-3 mbar to 5 * 10 ^-6 mbar. As a result, the electron beam can be generated reliably and the installation space is very well insulated. The energy absorption when using an electron beam is very good, so that a lot of heat can be generated in the powder in a short time. For example, compared to a laser beam welding process, there are constantly higher temperatures, which makes it possible, among other things, to use special materials that cannot otherwise be processed, in particular to process them with low stress and without errors. Laser beam welding is carried out essentially analogously to electron beam welding with the essential difference that a laser beam is used instead of the electron beam. There are other differences. For example, the laser beam is deflected by mirrors. As a rule, the installation space is flooded with pure inert gas (argon, helium). According to the present invention, it was found that the negative pressure has an advantageous effect on the production process and the component to be produced in comparison to flooding with inert gas. For example, due to the negative pressure, gaseous inclusions in the component, which can have a negative effect on the component quality, can be avoided. The high deflection speed of the electron beam is also advantageous, so that a significantly higher number of melting tracks can be operated in parallel. In a further development of the present invention, a powder fraction in the range from 15 to 45 μm can be achieved by means of laser beam welding.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a firearm, in particular a hand gun, is provided. According to the invention, the firearm comprises at least one component according to the invention and designed according to one of the above aspects or exemplary embodiments.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, an additive manufacturing method for a component, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, in the handle, barrel, a silencer and / or a barrel, for a firearm, in particular a handgun, is provided. It is clear that this aspect can be combined with the previously described aspects and exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in particular that the component is designed or manufactured in accordance with one of the above aspects or exemplary embodiments.

In a first step, metal powder is preferably applied in layers, in particular in the form of metal powder grains, from which the component is to be produced, to a carrier plate. The term application of powder to the carrier plate means both the direct application of metal powder to the carrier plate and the indirect application of metal powder to the carrier plate. When powder is applied directly to the carrier plate, the applied metal powder touches the carrier plate, so there is still no metal powder layer on the carrier plate. Indirectly applying the metal powder to the carrier plate means that metal powder, in particular at least one metal powder layer, has already been applied to the carrier plate. When carrying out the method according to the invention, the first metal powder layer can be applied directly to the carrier plate, while the following metal powder layers are applied indirectly to the first or subsequent metal powder layers upset. In particular, the metal powder is applied to the surface of the carrier plate in such a way that it is completely covered with metal powder. A layer thickness of the metal powder layer to be applied essentially depends on the geometry of the component to be manufactured. In particular, the component is manufactured in a closed installation space which is sealed off from the surroundings. The powder tanks which house the metal powder and a so-called powder rake for evenly distributing the metal powder applied to the carrier plate are also arranged in the installation space. It can be provided that the component to be manufactured was digitally designed and simulated using a CAD program in order to obtain the best possible component geometry according to the requirements.

The metal powder is then irradiated to form a predetermined geometry of the component in accordance with a contour of the component in order to at least partially melt the metal powder. The corresponding component contour depends on the respective layer that is to be manufactured. The component is produced in a direction of assembly that is defined in accordance with the layered application of metal powder to the carrier plate. For example, a laser beam (laser beam welding) or an electron beam (electron beam welding) can be used to generate the energy for melting the metal powder. The respective contour of the component is formed by melting the metal powder or fusing the metal powder with one another, specifically in the corresponding component level with respect to the direction of construction, which is determined by the corresponding component layer that has just been produced.

In a subsequent step, the at least partially melted metal powder is irradiated in order to reheat the metal powder. Alternatively or additionally, the unmelted metal powder and / or the component part that has already been produced can be irradiated, in particular reheated. For example, a laser beam or an electron beam is used again. Reheating may be necessary depending on the material and / or geometry. One advantage of post-heating is, for example, that the process temperature is maintained in the installation space. This allows a small temperature difference to be achieved between the metal powder that has just been melted and solidified and the metal powder that has already been melted and solidified in a previous step, so that the component can be manufactured with little stress and thus without cracks.

In a further downstream step, the carrier plate is shifted, in particular reduced, by a predefined layer thickness, in particular the component layer to be manufactured below, in the direction of generation / assembly. As a result, the next layer of metal powder can be applied to produce the downstream component layers. The rake can now apply new metal powder to the carrier plate and evenly distribute it, in particular smooth it out, in a rake direction oriented essentially perpendicular to the direction of generation.

The aforementioned steps are repeated in accordance with the geometry of the component to be manufactured until the component is completely manufactured, i. H. until all layers have been generated in the generation direction or assembly direction in which the component is manufactured.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the additive manufacturing method according to the invention, the reheating is carried out with a widened radiation cone, in particular the beam is defocused. The post-heating can be carried out in such a way that both the molten metal powder and the metal powder surrounding, in particular unmelted, metal powder surrounding the molten metal powder are irradiated, in particular reheated. According to a further development, the widened radiation cone reheats the metal powder by irradiation along a grid that extends in particular over a large part of the carrier plate surface covered with metal powder, preferably over the entire carrier plate surface. The widened radiation cone can have a speed of less than 8000 m / s and preferably move in a grid-like manner over the carrier plate in order to reheat the entire metal powder over a large area.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the additive manufacturing method according to the invention, the metal powder is preheated before melting in order to sinter the metal powder at least partially. Sintering may be necessary in order to provide the metal powder on the carrier plate with basic strength / inherent stability. This can prevent electrostatic charging during manufacture. Furthermore, a deflagration reaction in which loose metal powder grains swirl through the installation space and impair the manufacturing process can be avoided. For example, the metal powder is irradiated during preheating, preferably with a laser beam or an electron beam. According to a further development, the preheating is carried out using an expanded radiation cone. Furthermore, the preheating can be carried out in such a way that both the metal powder to be melted and the metal powder surrounding it, in particular not to be melted, are irradiated, in particular depending on the corresponding component contour to be produced is preheated. Analogous to post-heating, the preheating can be carried out with a widened radiation cone by irradiating the metal powder along a grid, which extends in particular over a large part of the carrier plate surface covered with metal powder, preferably over the entire carrier plate surface.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the additive manufacturing method according to the invention takes place in an installation space flooded with protective gas and / or with an absolute gas pressure of at most 10 * 10 ^-3 mbar and / or at least 5 * 10 ^-6 mbar. In particular, the installation space is sealed off from the surroundings, so that the protective gas and / or the absolute gas pressure can be maintained constant within the installation space. According to a development of the present invention, after the at least partial melting, in particular after reheating, the last metal powder layer of the component, the installation space and / or component temperature can be cooled, in particular continuously. Sensors can be arranged in the installation space and / or assigned to the component to be manufactured, in order to measure the respective temperature, in particular continuously. According to an exemplary development, it can be provided that protective gas is introduced into the installation space at an installation space and / or component temperature of approximately 300 ° C. in order to accelerate cooling. In particular, protective gas is supplied up to a temperature of 100 ° C. From a temperature of 100 ° C, the installation space can be opened, in particular to end the manufacturing process and to remove the manufactured component from the installation space.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a manufacturing method for a component, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel, a silencer and / or a shaft, for a firearm, in particular a handgun. The component to be manufactured can be designed or manufactured in accordance with one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments. According to this aspect of the present invention, the component is manufactured from a piece of an alloy comprising more than 15 at.% Aluminum and more than 10 at.% Titanium, in particular is manufactured additively. It should be noted that the manufacturing method according to the invention can be characterized in such a way that it realizes the component in accordance with one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments, or that the component can be produced in accordance with one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments .

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a manufacturing method for a component, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel, a silencer and / or a shaft, for a firearm, in particular a handgun. The component to be manufactured can be designed or manufactured in accordance with one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments. According to this aspect of the present invention, the component is additively manufactured from a piece of a titanium aluminide alloy and / or a nickel-based alloy. It should be clear that the manufacturing method according to the invention can be characterized in such a way that it realizes the component according to one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments, or that the component can be produced by means of the method according to one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments .

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, the component comprises an outer wall facing the outside of the firearm and an inner wall facing away from the outside. The inner wall and the outer wall can, for example, have a similar shape, in particular an identical shape, and / or be oriented essentially parallel to one another. Furthermore, the inner wall and the outer wall can be arranged at a distance from one another, in particular the distance between the inner wall and the outer wall defining a wall thickness of the component at least in sections. It is idar that the outer wall does not have to face directly the outside of the firearm along its full extent in the component longitudinal direction, but that it is also conceivable that a further component according to the invention or an additional attachment for a firearm is connected to the component in such a way that the outer wall is surrounded, for example, at least in sections in the longitudinal direction of the component by the further component or the further add-on part.

According to this aspect of the present invention, at least one closed, gas-tight vacuum chamber is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall. Gas-tight is to be understood in particular in that the vacuum chamber is impermeable to gases. An exemplary pore size that can cause gas permeability is in a range from approximately 1 nm to 10 nm, Idar being that components with a larger diameter do not extend out of the vacuum chamber or into the vacuum chamber reach. The vacuum chamber is preferably hermetically gas-tight, in particular hermetically sealed, it being possible in particular to speak of hermetically tight at a leak rate of approximately 1 * 10 ^-9 mbar l / s. For example, in a downstream manufacturing step, it is conceivable to bring a chamber, which is initially provided with, for example, an atmospheric pressure, into a vacuum state, in particular to vacuum it. For this purpose, for example, a vacuum pump can be connected to the component, in particular to the atmosphere chamber, in order to generate vacuum in the chamber. A negative pressure is a pressure in the chamber when it is below the ambient pressure, whereby ambient air with an ambient pressure of 1 bar can be assumed as the reference pressure. The inventors of the present invention have found that providing the component with a vacuum chamber has a positive effect, above all on thermal insulation, as well as on sound insulation and recoil damping. The gas in the negative pressure state in the negative pressure chamber therefore forms a kind of insulator, since the heat-conducting air particles have been reduced or minimized due to the negative pressure state. In particular, the disadvantageous effect of heat fibrillation can be significantly improved.

According to a development, there is an absolute gas pressure of at most 10 * 10 ^-3 mbar and / or at least 5 * 10 ^-6 mbar in the at least one vacuum chamber. Gas pressure generally arises as the sum of all the forces acting on the vacuum chamber by gas or gas mixture arranged in the vacuum chamber, in particular on the inner wall and the outer wall of the component. According to the present invention, it was found that such a strong vacuum or such a low pressure in the vacuum chamber has very good thermal insulation properties.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, the outer wall and the inner wall are additively manufactured in one piece such that at least one closed chamber is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall. For example, the closed chamber can be formed as a gas-tight vacuum chamber, in particular according to one of the previously described aspects or exemplary embodiments. For example, when using powder grains as the starting material of the alloy for the manufacture of the component according to the invention, thermal shaping processes can be used. With thermal shaping processes, such as casting processes and additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser beam welding and selective electron beam welding, more complex geometries can be produced which, compared to other, for example machining, processing processes with the same or lower weight have increased sound absorption, recoil damping and / or heat absorption capacity can. Another advantage of the thermal shaping process is that a heat treatment can be integrated which increases the longevity of the firearm component. In the case of additive manufacturing processes in particular, the manufacturing outlay can be reduced both compared to metal-cutting manufacturing processes and to other thermal production processes, such as casting processes, since components can in particular be largely manufactured in one step and without the need for post-processing. For example, in the case of silencers and muzzle brakes, the entire muffler or muzzle brake can be produced in one step. In this context, largely in one step is to be understood that slight reworking, such as, for example, the introduction of a thread for fastening the component to the firearm, may be necessary.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, the component is an internal organ for a firearm, in particular a handgun, with a functional surface exposed to combustion gases and / or gas pressure during the firing. The internal organ is to be understood in particular as a component of a firearm, such as a cartridge chamber, a barrel, a muzzle brake, a muffler, a muffler jacket and / or a muffler inner part, which has at least one surface which is exposed to combustion gases and / or gas pressure when firing. These include surfaces that are exposed to the gas pressure and / or the combustion gases before the gas pressure and / or the combustion gases leave the firearm, possibly including a component mounted on the firearm, such as a muzzle brake or a silencer.

A functional surface is, in particular, such a surface that is designed and / or provided for sound absorption, recoil damping and / or heat absorption. These can be understood to mean surfaces of end walls, such as baffle walls, which extend transversely, in particular orthogonally, to the direction of the axis of the soul and which absorb a force which dampens the recoil by braking combustion gases and / or gas pressure which are propagating in the projectile flight direction. In particular, the force is oriented in the opposite direction of the recoil. Such Baffle walls can be formed, for example, in silencers or in muzzle brakes. Furthermore, functional surfaces can be understood as flow guide surfaces, such as surfaces of end walls, in particular partition walls, which limit the flow guide chambers of a silencer in the direction of the axis of the soul. Furthermore, functional surfaces can also be understood to mean surfaces of jackets which delimit the flow guide chambers of a muffler transversely, in particular orthogonally, to the direction of the core axis. Flow control surfaces are designed in particular for sound absorption and / or for the most uniform possible absorption of heat by the internal organ. Furthermore, functional surfaces of the cartridge surrounding surfaces of the cartridge can be understood, which in particular can be configured such that a cartridge chamber also causes the greatest possible sound absorption. In this case, an impact surface facing the cartridge in the recoil direction and / or a jacket surface surrounding the cartridge circumferentially can represent a functional surface. Functional surfaces can also be formed in the barrel, in particular in the jacket of the barrel, in order to achieve a silencer there. Preferably, all or at least a substantial part of the combustion gases and / or gas pressure in the shot exposed surfaces of an inner organ are designed as functional surfaces according to one aspect of the present invention. An essential part in this context is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or at least 95%, of said areas, in particular the effective surface, to understand.

It is clear that an internal organ can, for example, form one of the components of a firearm mentioned above. However, an internal organ can also only form one or more components of such a component, such as, for example, a jacket, a jacket section and / or an end wall, such as a baffle wall, a partition wall, a chamber wall, or the like. For example, an internal organ can form a single end wall, such as a perforated disc or a funnel section, which can be inserted into a silencer.

According to this aspect of the present invention, the functional surface has a roughness depth of at least 45 Rz and at most 250 Rz. Rz is the mean roughness depth in the unit µm. Alternatively or in addition to a roughness depth of at least 45 Rz and at most 250 Rz, the functional surface can also have a mean roughness value of at least 7 Ra and at most 50 Ra, preferably of at least 15 Ra and of at most 100 Ra. Ra is the arithmetic mean of the deviation from a center line in the unit µm. According to an exemplary further development, the functional surface has, as an alternative or in addition to the specified ranges for the roughness depth and for the mean roughness value, an effective surface which is 1.1 times to 20.4 times larger than an ideally smooth surface (surface enlargement) . The effective surface is the actual surface of a surface. The difference is illustrated using a cylinder as an example. While the inner surface of an ideally smooth cylinder has an effective surface, which is based on the formula: 2 ∗ π ∗ cylinder radius ∗ cylinder length; calculated, the inner surface of a real cylinder has a larger effective surface due to its production-related height and depth profile. The effective surface of the real cylinder is calculated from the product of the surface for an ideally smooth surface (2 ∗ π ∗ cylinder radius ∗ cylinder length) and the magnification factor. It is clear that this type of calculation can also be applied to surfaces that do not have a simple geometric shape and are therefore more complex to calculate. In particular, in the case of more complicated surface shapes, which are assumed to be ideal smooth surfaces by a modeling program, such as a CAD program, and can be multiplied as the reciprocal by the effective surface in order to obtain the enlargement factor. As especially in the comparison of the 9 and 10th it becomes clear, which will be referred to in detail later, the effective surface of two surfaces can differ significantly despite a comparable mean roughness value and / or comparable average roughness depth. The reason for this can preferably be narrow height and depth profiles and / or undercuts, which are not always and / or at least not from a measuring probe and / or from a measuring light beam that can be used to determine the average roughness depth and / or the mean roughness value to be fully detected. The effective surface should therefore be measured, in particular to determine the magnification factor in comparison to an ideally smooth surface, by means of gas adsorption, in particular in accordance with DIN ISO 9277, and / or by means of mercury porosimetry, in particular in accordance with DIN 66139. Adsorption is understood to mean the accumulation of substances from gases or liquids on the surface of a solid, more generally at the interface between two phases. The BET measurement method, in particular according to DIN ISO 9277, is an analysis method for determining the size of surfaces, in particular porous solids, by means of gas adsorption. Mercury porosimetry is an analytical method for determining the pore size distribution.

Surprisingly, it has been found that by setting the roughness depth Rz, the mean roughness value Ra and / or the Surface enlargement in the value ranges indicated above, a significant increase in the heat absorption capacity can be achieved. At the same time, it has been found that the sound damping capacity and / or the recoil damping capacity can also be increased thereby, in particular by the enlarged (effective) surface. A particular advantage of the measure according to the invention is that it essentially does not increase the weight, or only increases it insignificantly, in particular because the height and depth profile is in the μm range and therefore has no major influence on the weight. Furthermore, the measure according to the invention has the advantage that the effective surface can be increased significantly without bringing about a significant increase in the volume of the inner organ. As a result, the amounts of oxygen in the internal organ before the first shot at least do not increase significantly, so that the first shot problem is not adversely affected or is hardly adversely affected. Here, too, the height and depth profile in the µm range has a particularly positive effect because it can significantly increase the effective surface of the functional surfaces, in particular without requiring a larger volume. The µm range means in particular an order of magnitude between 1 µm and 999 µm, preferably between 25 µm and 300 µm, particularly preferably between 45 µm and 250 µm, between 60 µm and 150 µm or between 80 µm and 100 µm.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the functional surface is made of powder grains, in particular is made additively. For example, when using powder grains as the starting material for the production of internal organs, thermal shaping processes can be used. With thermal shaping processes, such as casting processes and additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser beam welding and selective electron beam welding, more complex geometries can be produced which, compared to other, for example machining, processing processes with the same or lower weight have increased sound absorption, recoil damping and / or heat absorption capacity can. Another advantage of the thermal shaping process is that a heat treatment can be integrated which increases the longevity of an internal organ. In the case of additive manufacturing processes in particular, the manufacturing outlay can be reduced both compared to metal-cutting manufacturing processes and to other thermal production processes, such as casting processes, since components can in particular be largely manufactured in one step and without the need for post-processing. For example, in the case of silencers and muzzle brakes, the entire muffler or muzzle brake can be produced in one step. In this context, largely in one step is to be understood that small reworking, such as the introduction of a thread for attaching an inner organ to a firearm, to a silencer, to a muzzle brake, etc., may be necessary. Another advantage of additive manufacturing is that the surfaces, in particular the functional surfaces according to the invention, of components which are produced by means of an additive manufacturing process have an inherent roughness depth to a certain degree. In particular on the surfaces of an additively manufactured component, the powder grains are not completely melted and therefore provide a certain roughness depth. The resulting roughness depth can be adjusted by adapting the process parameters, such as the beam power, the exposure time or irradiation time, the atmosphere surrounding the powder, such as protective gas and / or negative pressure, and the degree of absorption of the powder used.

It can further be provided that at least 50% of the powder grains used for the production of the functional surface have a diameter of at least 25 μm and at most 300 μm. The diameter of the powder grains can be measured in particular in accordance with DIN 66161. It is Idar that the specification of the diameter does not mean that the grains necessarily have a perfect spherical geometry. Rather, the grains can also have spherical shapes or form agglomerations of several powder grains, which can arise during the production of the powder, for example by means of powder atomization. A particular advantage of the use of powder grains in the specified diameter range is that, particularly depending on the production process, they cause a roughness depth in the micrometer range, in particular in a range between 45 Rz and 250 Rz. This can be achieved in that the powder grains are not completely melted during production, or at least not completely melted in the surface area of the functional surfaces, so that due to their rounded shape, these inherently cause a certain roughness depth. It has been found to be preferred that at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the powder grains forming the functional surface in the surface area are less than 90%, 80% , 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%. The melting of a powder grain by a certain percentage value can be measured, for example, with micrographs of the functional surface. In simple terms, a powder grain that is only connected to the functional surface at points has a melting rate of o%. A powder grain that has completely merged into the functional surface, ie where, in particular, no rounding can be seen any more, a melting of 100% should occur. In contrast, a spherical powder grain, for example, which has passed into the functional surface such that a hemisphere protrudes from it, should have a melting rate of 50%. The only partial melting of powder grains preferably creates undercuts which, in particular, as described above, increase the effective surface of the functional surface.

The production methods according to the invention can preferably be combined in accordance with the aspects and exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The manufacturing methods according to the invention enable the components according to the invention to be manufactured. It is clear that the production methods according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the components as described above can be manufactured. Furthermore, it should be noted that the components according to the invention can be manufactured and structured according to the manufacturing methods according to the invention.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

• 1 eine Vorderansicht auf die Geschosseintrittsöffnung einer Komponente für eine Schusswaffe in Form eines Schalldämpfers;
• 2 eine Schnittansicht des Schalldämpfers aus 1 entlang der Schnittlinie II;
• 3 eine Vorderansicht auf die Geschossaustrittsöffnung des Schalldämpfers aus 1 und 2;
• 4 eine Vorderansicht auf die Geschosseintrittsöffnung einer Komponente für eine Schusswaffe in Form eines zweiteiligen Schalldämpfers;
• 5 eine Schnittansicht des Schalldämpfers aus 4 entlang der Schnittlinie V;
• 6 ein Schalldämpferinnenteil des Schalldämpfers aus 4 und 5;
• 7 ein Schalldämpfermantel des Schalldämpfers aus den 4 bis 6;
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung eines additiven Fertigungsverfahrens, bei dem bereits mehrere Schichten aufgetragen und verschmolzen sind;
• 9 eine schematische Darstellung einer mittels eines additiven Fertigungsverfahrens gefertigten Oberfläche; und
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung einer mittels eines Gießverfahrens gefertigten Oberfläche.

Further advantages, features and properties of the invention are explained by the following description of preferred embodiments of the accompanying drawings, in which:

• 1 a front view of the floor entry opening of a component for a firearm in the form of a silencer;
• 2nd a sectional view of the muffler 1 along the cutting line II ;
• 3rd a front view of the floor outlet opening of the muffler 1 and 2nd ;
• 4th a front view of the floor entry opening of a component for a firearm in the form of a two-part muffler;
• 5 a sectional view of the muffler 4th along the cutting line V ;
• 6 a muffler inner part of the muffler 4th and 5 ;
• 7 a muffler jacket of the muffler from the 4th to 6 ;
• 8th a schematic representation of an additive manufacturing process in which several layers have already been applied and fused;
• 9 a schematic representation of a surface manufactured by means of an additive manufacturing process; and
• 10th a schematic representation of a surface produced by means of a casting process.

In the 1 to 7 are embodiments of a component for a firearm in the form of a silencer 1 shown and with the reference number 1 Mistake. However, it is Idar that the following in connection with the 1 to 7 Characteristics of the silencer described 1 individually and / or in combination with other components for firearms, such as in a cartridge chamber, a barrel and / or a muzzle brake. Furthermore, in connection with the 1 to 7 advantageous embodiments of internal organs, such as coats or end walls, described. It should be understood that the described features of the exemplary embodiments of the internal organs of the muffler can also be implemented in other components for firearms, such as in a cartridge chamber, a barrel and / or a muzzle brake. It should also be clear that an internal organ is a single component, such as a particularly cylindrical wall, in particular a wall section, an end wall or a casing, a component for a firearm, an arrangement of a plurality of internal organs or internal organ components, such as a plurality of end walls, wall sections, coats and / or jacket sections, and / or an entire component, such as a silencer made in particular from one piece 1 , a silencer inner part 61 , or a silencer jacket 3rd , can be. Information given above and below about the extent of individual components, such as internal organs or components of firearms, relative to the axis of the soul S the firearm (not shown) refer to the state in which the respective component is mounted on the firearm. The term soul axis S is known to the person skilled in the art and describes the longitudinal axis of the bore of a barrel of the firearm, in particular the rotational symmetry axis of the barrel bore of the firearm. The term soul axis direction includes the projectile flight direction G along the soul axis S as well as the recoil direction opposite to the projectile flight direction R . The same or similar reference numerals are used below for the same or similar components.

The as a silencer 1 trained component according to the invention comprises a silencer jacket 3rd that runs along the soul axis S the firearm extends. The silencer jacket 3rd revolves around the axis of the soul in the circumferential direction U . The silencer jacket limits this 3rd several flow control chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th across to Soul axis S to in particular the direction of flow of the cross to the axis of the soul S into the flow chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th flowing combustion gas and / or gas pressure when firing in the circumferential direction U around the soul axis S and to divert in the direction of the soul axis, in particular to dampen the sound of the shot. The gas pressure is in particular the pressure that the combustion gas has as a result of a shot at, for example, the silencer 1 or exercises its internal organs. The muffler also includes an end outlet wall 19th that have a floor exit 21 of the silencer 1 defined, and an end entry wall 23 that have a floor entry opening 25th Are defined. In the in 1 embodiment shown goes the front entry wall 23 into a connector 27 for connecting the silencer 1 to a firearm, in particular to the barrel of a firearm or to a muzzle brake attached to the firearm. Alternatively, the front entry wall 23 also part of the connector itself 27 be. Furthermore, the connector 27 and / or the front entry wall 23 Be part of a muzzle brake. The front exit wall 19th and the front entrance wall 23 limit flow control chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th , especially the flow control chambers 5 and 17th , in the direction of the soul axis.

In the direction of the soul axis between the end wall of the forehead 19th and the front entrance wall 23 extend further, in particular eleven, end walls, which are the flow guiding chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th limit each other in the direction of the soul axis. In the direction of the storey flight G become the flow control chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th of end walls in the form of baffle walls 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 limited. In the recoil direction R become the flow control chambers 3rd , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 of partitions 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 limited. Baffles 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 are especially designed to dampen the recoil of the firearm by using the flow energy of the combustion gases and / or the gas pressure when firing. Partitions 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 are especially designed to place the silencer in several flow control chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th to subdivide to dampen the sound by dividing and / or deflecting the flow gases.

The internal organ is to be understood in particular as a component of a firearm, such as a cartridge chamber, a barrel, a muzzle brake, a muffler, a muffler jacket and / or a muffler inner part, which has at least one surface which is exposed to combustion gases and / or gas pressure when firing. These include areas that are exposed to the gas pressure and / or the combustion gases before the gas pressure and / or the combustion gases leave the firearm, possibly including a component mounted on the firearm, such as a muzzle brake or a silencer. A functional surface is, in particular, such a surface that is designed for sound damping, for recoil damping and / or heat absorption. These include, in particular, transversely, in particular orthogonally, to the soul axis A extending surfaces of end walls, such as baffle walls 19th , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 , are understood, which by braking combustion gases spreading in the projectile direction and / or spreading gas pressure, absorb a force, in particular the recoil, which dampens the recoil. Such baffles can be used, for example, in silencers 1 or be designed in muzzle brakes. Furthermore, flow surfaces, such as surfaces of end walls, in particular partition walls, can in particular be included under functional surfaces 23 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 , are understood, the flow guide chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th and / or intermediate chambers 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 limit in the direction of the soul axis. Furthermore, surfaces of jackets, such as muffler jackets, can also be included under functional surfaces 3rd and / or inner jacket sections 81 , 83 be understood by end walls, the flow guide chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th and / or intermediate chambers 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 limit transversely, in particular orthogonally, to the direction of the soul axis. Flow control surfaces are designed in particular for sound absorption and / or for the most uniform possible absorption of heat by the internal organ.

As especially in 2nd and in 5 can be seen, a flow control chamber, such as the flow control chambers 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 and 15 , each through a baffle 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 and 37 as well as a partition 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 and 49 in the soul axis direction S be limited. Using the example of the flow control chamber 9 which the flow control chamber 7 in the projectile flight direction G downstream, it can be seen that the partition 47 also in the projectile flight direction G the baffle 37 the flow control chamber 7 is arranged downstream, in particular at an axial distance in the direction of the axis of the soul. This arrangement also meets the partitions 41 , 43 , 45 , 49 in relation to the baffles 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 39 the upstream flow control chamber. This can, in particular, intermediate chambers 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 be formed to further increase the sound absorption capacity and / or the recoil absorption capacity of the muffler. Alternatively or additionally, the flow control chamber 17th in the axis of the soul also through two baffles, such as the front exit wall 19th and the baffle 29 , be limited. For example, a baffle in the direction of the projectile flight G upstream flow control chamber, such as the baffle 29 of the Flow control chamber 15 , as a partition in the direction of the floor flight G following flow control chamber, such as the flow control chamber 17th , serve. It is advantageous in such an embodiment that the number of baffle walls can be increased without the required extension of the silencer 1 to increase in the soul axis direction. This can, in particular, reduce the recoil ability of the silencer 1 be increased, especially without adversely affecting the first shot problem. The front exit wall 19th can, as in the 1 to 7 shown to act as a baffle. The floor entry wall 23 can, as in the 1 to 7 shown, act as a partition.

As exemplary in the 1 to 3rd the front exit wall can be shown 19th , the front entry wall 23 who have favourited Baffles 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 and / or the partitions 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 in one piece with the silencer jacket 3rd be trained. Alternatively, for example, as in the 4th to 7 shown, the silencer 1 consist of two separable parts, each made in particular from one piece. Here, as shown, for example, the front exit wall 19th in one piece with the silencer jacket 3rd be trained. Furthermore, as in particular in 6 to see several end walls, like the front entrance wall here 23 who have favourited Baffles 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 and the partitions 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 , be formed from one piece. Such a one-piece design of a plurality of end walls is subsequently called an inner silencer part 61 designated. It is clear that a muffler can also have several muffler inner parts, each formed from one piece, with a different number of end walls.

As in the 5 and 6 shown, the silencer inner part 61 with at least one opening 63 , 65 , 67 provided, in particular with a group of several openings 63 , 65 , 67 enforced. The at least one opening 63 , 65 , 67 extends essentially completely through an inner part of the muffler 61 muffler inner jacket delimiting to the outside 69 through it. The end walls, especially the baffle walls 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 and / or the partitions 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 , open into the muffler inner jacket 69 and limit at least one opening each 63 , 65 , 67 to one side regarding the soul axis direction. The muffler inner jacket 69 comprises in particular connecting struts extending in the direction of the axis of the soul between the end walls 71 , 73 , 75 which in particular connect two end walls which are adjacent to one another in the direction of the axis of the soul. As especially in 6 you can see the connecting struts 71 , 73 , 75 in the circumferential direction U in particular, arranged equidistant from one another. Preferably, two mutually adjacent end walls of two to ten, preferably four to eight, connecting struts 71 , 73 , 75 connected with each other. The openings in particular extend between the struts 63 , 65 , 67 , which are preferably also arranged uniformly distributed in the direction of the core axis and / or transverse to the direction of the core axis.

In 5 and 6 it can be seen that the connecting struts can be designed in alignment with one another in the direction of the axis of the soul. For example, the connecting struts 71 , which each have the end walls of flow guiding chambers, such as the flow guiding chamber 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , connect with each other in the soul axis direction to be aligned with each other. Alternatively or additionally, they can be located between the connecting struts 71 extending openings 63 be aligned in the direction of the axis of the soul. Furthermore, the connecting struts 73 , which each have the end walls of intermediate chambers, such as the intermediate chambers 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 , connect with each other in the soul axis direction to be aligned with each other. Alternatively or additionally, they can be located between the connecting struts 73 extending openings 65 be aligned in the direction of the axis of the soul. As an alternative or in addition, connecting struts can also be arranged offset to one another in the direction of the core axis. As in 6 can be seen, for example, the struts 71 , which connect the end walls of the flow guide chamber, offset in the circumferential direction to the struts 73 be arranged, which connect the end walls of intermediate chambers with each other. In particular, this also allows the corresponding openings 63 and 65 be arranged offset to one another in the circumferential direction. Alternatively or additionally, connecting struts can be used 75 , which connect further end walls with each other, such as the end entrance wall 23 and the baffle 39 , in the circumferential direction U offset to the connecting struts 71 and / or offset to the connecting struts 73 be arranged. Accordingly, that between the connecting struts 75 extending openings 67 offset to the openings 63 and or 65 be arranged. Preferably, the muffler inner jacket 69 be honeycomb-shaped. You can use several openings for this 63 , 65 and / or several connecting struts 71 , 73 offset to one another, in particular as previously described.

Particularly advantageous on a two-part design of a silencer 1 is, such as in the 4th to 7 shown that a component, such as the silencer inner part 61 , essentially has components, such as end walls, which extend transversely to the direction of the soul axis, while the other component, as here the Silencer jacket 3rd , extends essentially in the direction of the soul axis. This can in particular ensure that the majority of the functional surfaces of the one component, here the inner silencer part 61 , across the soul axis S extends, in particular the flow guide chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th limited in the direction of the core axis, while the majority of the functional surfaces of the other component, here the silencer jacket 3rd extends in the direction of the core axis, in particular delimits the flow-guiding chambers transversely to the direction of the core axis. This allows the production of one component, here the silencer jacket 3rd , in particular to be adjusted to adjust the roughness depth of the functional surfaces extending in the direction of the core axis of one component, while the manufacture of the other component, here the inner part of the silencer 61 , can be adjusted to adjust the roughness of the functional surfaces extending transversely to the direction of the core axis, in particular the end walls. In additive manufacturing in particular, this can be used to the effect that the orientation of the individual components to the direction of assembly, in which the components are built up in layers, is selected such that the respective functional surfaces have an increased roughness depth as a result of the process. Advantageous orientations of the components with respect to the direction of assembly are particularly evident in connection with 8th received.

The connection of the silencer jacket 3rd and muffler inner part 61 can, as in particular in the 4th to 7 shown on the side of the silencer facing the firearm in the direction of the axis of the soul. In particular, one connecting section can be used for this 77 , 79 on the silencer jacket 3rd and on the muffler inner part 61 be trained. The connection can be made, for example, via various connection types known in the prior art, such as, for example, a press connection, a threaded connection, a quick-action connection, a welded connection downstream of the production of the two components, or the like. In this context, it should be pointed out that the advantageous two-part embodiment depends in particular on the production of the components, in particular by means of additive production, in order to set the roughness depth on the respective functional surface, in particular due to the process. As soon as the components have been produced with the desired roughness depth, they can also be bonded to one another, such as by welding or gluing.

As especially in 2nd and 5 can be seen, the flow guide chambers 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 especially in a ring around the axis of the soul S be trained. The ring-shaped flow guide chambers 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 bounded in the soul axis direction by two end walls. The annular flow guide chambers are preferably 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 in the projectile flight direction G through one baffle each 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 and in the recoil direction R each with a partition 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 limited. Across the soul axis S are the annular flow guide chambers 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 on the side facing away from the axis of the soul through the muffler jacket 3rd limited. Transversely to the axis of the soul, on the side of the annular flow-guiding chambers facing the axis of the soul 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 these are in particular through inner jacket sections 81 , 83 limited. The inner jacket sections 81 , 83 limit an in particular annular passage opening 85 , in particular for inflow and / or outflow, for combustion gases and / or gas pressure when firing. The passage opening 85 a flow control chamber 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th is through yourself across the soul axis S , In particular at an angle between 10 ° and 80 °, preferably between 20 ° and 70 °, 30 ° and 60 ° or 40 ° and 50 °, extending inner jacket section 81 the baffle 19th , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 limited across the axis of the soul. How in particular from 2nd can be seen is the inner jacket section 81 the baffle 19th , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 especially conical, especially in the recoil direction R rejuvenating, educated. The passage opening is alternatively or additionally 85 through an inner jacket section 83 a partition 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 across the soul axis S limited. The inner jacket section 83 the partition 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 extends, such as in the 2nd and 5 shown along the soul axis S , in particular at an angle of less than 40 °, preferably less than 30 °, 20 °, 10 °, 5 °, or parallel to the axis of the soul S . The inner jacket section is particularly preferred 83 cylindrical shape.

Further referring to 5 can be seen that the silencer 1 an outer wall facing the outside of the firearm 151 owns. The outer wall 151 extends essentially in a straight line, ie in particular in the direction of the soul axis, along its entire dimension. The silencer 1 further comprises an inner wall facing away from the outside of the firearm 153 that are essentially parallel to the outer wall 151 extends and is thus also oriented in the direction of the soul axis. The inner wall 153 and the outer wall 151 revolve around the soul axis in the circumferential direction U completely and are arranged transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the direction of the axis of the soul at a distance from one another, as a result of which they form a cylindrical hollow body. Between the inner wall 153 and the outer wall 151 is at least one closed chamber 155 educated. According to the execution 5 are the inner wall 153 and the outer wall 151 Part of the silencer jacket 3rd . This means that at least one chamber 155 in the silencer jacket 3rd is trained. It is in 5 also see that a group of several chambers 155 between the inner wall 153 and the outer wall 151 is formed. The chambers 155 are evenly distributed in the longitudinal direction of the components, ie in the direction of the core axis. In the event that the chambers 155 completely circumferential in the muffler jacket 3rd are arranged, there are twelve chambers 155 which are arranged equidistantly from one another at a distance and are distributed in the direction of the axis of the soul. However, it is also possible that the chambers 155 alternatively or additionally are distributed transversely to the direction of the soul axis. For example, the group consists of several chambers 155 a honeycomb structure, so that there are a large number of chambers of the same size 155 results, of which only twenty-four in a sectional view in 5 you can see. The multiple chambers 155 can for example by means of thin-walled partitions in particular 157 be separated from each other, with two adjacent chambers 155 a common partition 157 have, in particular, from the inner wall 153 to the outer wall 151 extends and / or the inner wall 153 and the outer wall 151 connects with each other. For example, the chambers 155 as closed, gas-tight vacuum chambers 155 be realized. In particular, the vacuum chambers 150 hermetically sealed, especially sealed. In the gas-tight vacuum chambers 155 for example, there is an absolute gas pressure of at most 10 * 10 ^-3 mbar and / or at least 5 * 10 ^-6 mbar. The chambers 155 , especially the vacuum chambers 155 , have an advantageous effect on the thermal insulation and sound insulation. For example, reduce the chambers 155 According to the present invention, the negative effect of heat flickering, which occurs particularly in the case of permanent bombardment. By means of the additive manufacturing method likewise according to the invention, it is possible to design application-specific or component-individualized geometry, such as silencer structures 1 , to be made from the point of view of minimizing heat fibrillation. The chambers are there 155 to dimension depending on the application or the specific component and / or to arrange in the component. According to an exemplary embodiment, which is not shown, at least two adjacent vacuum chambers 155 the group of several vacuum chambers 150 are connected to each other in such a way that gas and / or metal powder exchange between the two adjacent vacuum chambers 155 can take place.

The inner wall 153 and the outer wall 151 are especially made from one piece. For example, selective laser beam welding or selective electron beam welding can be used as manufacturing processes. The inner wall 153 and the outer wall 151 be, including the at least one chamber 155 and the partitions 157 , made in layers of metal powder grains, which preferably comprise titanium aluminide and / or nickel-based alloys.

As in the 3rd and 6 shown, it is preferred that a baffle, in particular the inner jacket portion 81 the baffle 19th , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 , across the soul axis S further towards the soul axis S extends as the partition, in particular the inner jacket section 83 the partition 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 . This can particularly in the direction of the flight of the floor G flowing combustion gas and / or gas pressure when firing into the flow guide chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th deflected, especially in the direction of the baffles 19th , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 are directed, whereby in particular the effectiveness of the respective functional surfaces and thus the firearm component, such as the silencer 1 , is increased.

It is further preferred that through the inner jacket sections 81 , 83 Undercuts are formed. In particular, the undercuts in the flow guide chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th educated. Undercuts preferably extend transversely to the core axis between the inner jacket sections 81 , 83 and the silencer jacket 3rd and are limited in particular by the end walls in the direction of the soul axis. Preferably, the annular flow guide chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th by means of additive manufacturing. This allows undercuts, such as in the case of the annular flow guide chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th executed, even with components made from one piece, such as silencers 1 , Inner silencer parts 61 or silencer sleeves 3rd , will be realized. As in 5 shown, especially in the two-part silencer design, the flow control chambers 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17th across the soul axis S partly through connecting struts 71 , 73 , 75 a muffler inner part 61 and / or in part by a muffler jacket 3rd be limited.

In the 1 , 2nd , 5 and 6 can be seen that the connector 27 a connecting section essentially designed as a bore 87 to connect the silencer 1 , the inner part of the silencer 61 or the muffler jacket 3rd with a firearm or muzzle brake. Furthermore, the connector 27 a reinforcement structure 89 to increase the stability of the connection with the firearm or the muzzle brake on ( 2nd ). The reinforcement structure 89 can, such as in the 1 , 2nd , 5 and 6 shown, at least one reinforcing strut 89 have the differs in particular from the connecting section 87 across the soul axis S , especially radially, from the soul axis S extends away. For example, there are several connecting struts 89 intended. The several reinforcement struts 89 can cross the axis of the soul S in an outer jacket 91 of the connector 27 flow out. To the outer jacket 91 of the connector 27 can, such as in 2nd shown the front entry wall 23 of the silencer. In particular, the front entry wall 23 such as in 2nd shown in an outer end portion 23 ' and an inner end portion 23 " be divided, the outer end portion 23 ' and the inner forehead section 23 " can be offset from one another in the direction of the axis of the soul. In particular, the inner end section 23 " the front entrance wall 23 in the projectile flight direction G be offset so that between the outer jacket 91 of the connector 27 and the silencer jacket 3rd an in particular annular gap is formed. The front entrance wall 23 but can also, as for example in 5 shown, only within the outer shell 91 of the connector 27 extend.

The several reinforcement struts 89 can in particular ring-shaped chambers 93 limit that particularly in the circumferential direction U around the soul axis S are arranged. The chambers 93 can in one side of the soul through the frontal entrance wall 23 be limited. The chambers can 93 either, such as in 2nd shown in the recoil direction R be open or, such as in 5 shown, in the projectile flight direction G be open, in particular the chamber 93 to the other direction R , G closed is. Advantageous in the direction of the storey flight G open chambers 93 is that the effective, effective functional surface on which sound absorption, sound absorption, recoil damping and / or heat absorption can take place is increased in particular by the reinforcing struts, in particular without having to increase the extension of the muffler in the direction of the axis of the soul.

In 7 is a silencer jacket 3rd with a front exit wall 19th shown. In the front exit wall 19th is the floor exit opening 21 brought in. The floor exit opening 21 is in the recoil direction R offsets one orthogonal to the soul axis S extending ring section 20 the front exit wall 19th educated. From the ring section 20 the front exit wall 19th extends a funnel-shaped section 22 to the floor exit opening 21 that is in the recoil direction R rejuvenated. Outside of the ring section 20 the front exit wall 19th extends a funnel-shaped section 24th in the recoil direction R towards the silencer jacket 3rd and merges into them. The funnel-shaped section on the outside tapers 24th in the projectile flight direction G . On the side of the silencer jacket facing the firearm 3rd this has a connecting section 77 for connection to an inner silencer part 61 on.

In 8th is a schematic representation of an additive manufacturing process. There is a building platform in it 95 shown that already by several layer thicknesses in the direction of construction A along a designated shaft 97 was reduced. The direction of construction A is defined by the direction in which the build platform 95 is reduced when building components in layers and into which the component to be manufactured is built or manufactured in layers. The method is explained below using the example of a selective electron beam welding method.

In a first step, a layer of powder grains, for example of about 4 cm, and a carrier plate in the form of a substrate plate 99 on which the component is to be generated, on the construction platform 95 to be placed. In a subsequent, second step, the construction space (not shown), which is sealed off from the environment, and which is the construction platform 95 and the shaft 97 surrounds, with a negative pressure of, for example, between 10 * 10 ^-3 mbar and 5 * 10 ^-6 mbar. In a subsequent, third step, a beam gun (not shown) that generates the electron beam can be put into an operating state. As soon as the beam gun generating the electron beam is ready for operation, in a subsequent, fourth step, the pressure in the installation space can be increased to a specific, user-defined value greater than 5 * 10 ^-6 mbar and in particular less than 10 * 10 ^-3 by admitting small quantities of noble gas mbar. In a subsequent, fifth step, the substrate plate 99 can be preheated using a focused electron beam. It can be the substrate plate 99 surrounding powder bed by from the substrate plate 99 radiated heat are warmed up in such a way that this reaches a certain degree of sintering and thereby the substrate plate 99 stabilized in the powder bed. The sintering of the powder grains present in the powder bed in particular increases the electrical conductivity of the powder grains, as a result of which, for example, a static charge is reduced. Once the substrate plate 99 has reached a predetermined temperature, which is determined in particular by means of a temperature sensor under the substrate, which in particular continuously measures the temperature, the construction platform can in a subsequent, sixth step 95 can be reduced by a set layer thickness.

In a subsequent, seventh step, a layer of powder grains can be applied, in particular one perpendicular to the direction of construction A moving carriage, on the substrate plate 99 be applied. In a subsequent, eighth step, the powder grains can be preheated, in particular pre-sintered, in particular with a focused electron beam. In a subsequent, ninth step, the metal powder grains can be irradiated to form a predetermined geometry of the component / component to be manufactured in accordance with a contour of the component / component in order to at least partially melt the powder grains. In a subsequent, tenth step, the at least partially melted powder grains can be reheated with an in particular defocused electron beam. This step can be necessary in particular if the energy applied during the at least partial melting of the metal powder is not sufficient to keep the powder bed at a predetermined temperature.

In a subsequent, eleventh step, steps two to nine in particular can be repeated until in particular the last layer of the component / component has at least partially melted and / or has been reheated. The last layer is the layer that is necessary to complete the component in the direction of assembly. In a subsequent, twelfth step, the installation space and / or the component temperature can be cooled, in particular while maintaining a negative pressure, in particular slowly cooled down to approximately 300 ° C. When a temperature of about 300 ° C. has been reached, a protective gas can in particular be supplied to the installation space in order to achieve a faster cooling of the installation space and / or the component. In particular from a temperature of 100 ° C., the pressure in the installation space can be adapted to the ambient pressure, in particular 1 bar, for example by opening a door that separates the installation space from the surroundings. In a subsequent, thirteenth step, the entire construction platform 99 , optionally with substrate 95 , with component and on the component and the substrate 95 Adhesive, especially sintered powder grains can be removed. In a subsequent, fourteenth step, the component can be removed from the substrate and the powder grains adhering to the component, for example by means of an air jet, such as compressed air, or by means of a sand jet. In a subsequent, fifteenth step, so-called “supports” that may be necessary for the construction can be removed, which may be necessary depending on the shape of the desired component.

In 8th shows a point in time of an additive manufacturing process at which several layers of a component have already been applied and fused. A silencer inner part is an exemplary component 61 with several adjoining end walls in the form of conical opposite to the direction of construction A tapered funnel sections 101 . There are already two funnel sections at the time of manufacture shown 101 generated and via a perforated disk-shaped partition 103 connected with each other. Another perforated disk-shaped partition is on the substrate plate 103 formed, for example, an end entry wall 23 can represent. Due to the process, surfaces have a 90 ° angle to the assembly direction A of the additive process, for example in selective laser beam welding and in selective electron beam welding, have a smaller roughness depth than surfaces that are parallel to the direction of construction A extend. Starting from a 90 ° angle to the body direction A The roughness of the surfaces increases as the angle decreases with the direction of installation A to areas that are parallel to the direction of assembly A extend. The soul axis S of the inner part of the silencer 61 extends in 8th parallel to the installation direction A . The surfaces of the muffler inner part surrounded by powder grains 61 can in particular in a silencer 1 Combustion gases and / or gas pressure when shot form exposed functional surfaces for sound absorption, sound absorption and / or heat absorption.

The end walls in the form of funnel sections 101 extend essentially in a 45 ° to the soul axis S . Opposite the direction of construction A In this case, they are also inclined by 45 °, so that the roughness depth compared to an alternative 90 ° orientation to the installation direction A is enlarged and compared to a 0 ° orientation to the assembly direction A is reduced. The front wall in the form of a perforated disk-shaped partition 103 extends essentially at a 90 ° angle to the axis of the soul S and the direction of assembly A . As a result, the roughness of the functional surfaces of the perforated disk-shaped partition, which is the inner part of the silencer 61 limit in the direction of the soul axis, which, due to the process, assume the smallest possible roughness depth. The lateral surfaces 105 the perforated disk-shaped partition 103 however, extend essentially parallel to the direction of assembly A and to the soul axis S . Accordingly, the lateral surfaces 105 the perforated disk-shaped partition, in particular, assume the greatest possible roughness depth due to the process. At this point it is Idar that the process-related largest or smallest roughness depth does not mean the largest or smallest possible roughness depth that can be achieved by adapting various process parameters, but rather the greatest possible or smallest possible influence the alignment of a surface to the direction of construction A has the roughness depth of the surface with the same process parameters. Depending on the geometry of a silencer 1 , a muffler inner part 61 , a silencer jacket 3rd , other components for firearms or an inner organ, in particular a silencer inner organ, and requirements for the respective component can be the sound absorption and / or recoil absorption capacity by orienting the direction of assembly A with respect to the component longitudinal direction, such as the soul axis direction.

In 9 is a schematic representation of a surface manufactured by means of an additive manufacturing process 106 to see while 10th for comparison, a schematic representation of a surface produced by means of a casting process 108 shows. This clearly shows that the effective surface 106 in 9 in particular due to the undercuts that can be achieved by means of the additive manufacturing process 109 has a significantly larger, effective surface for sound dampening, sound absorption and / or heat absorption than the effective surface of the surface produced by casting 108 in 10th . Nevertheless, as indicated by the dashed lines, when measuring with a probe 107 especially because of the small undercuts 109 , whose dimensions are in particular in the µm range, the surface 106 on the surface 108 , which has no undercuts, a comparable roughness depth can be measured. Even by means of optical measuring methods, the different surface effectiveness, in particular the different surface size, cannot necessarily be detected, since, for example, a light cone projected onto the surface also does not necessarily mean the undercuts 109 the additively manufactured surface 106 detected.

As with the schematically indicated powder grains 111 it can be seen that undercuts can occur, in particular when manufacturing functional surfaces from powder grains 111 arise. This happens especially when a surface is not completely melted. This affects in particular the context of 8th explained orientation of the surfaces relative to the direction of construction A on the amount of unmelted powder grains 111 and thus on the effective surface. Another factor influencing the effective surface is the diameter of the non-melted powder grains 111 represents, which in particular affects an undercut volume, which can also have a direct effect on sound absorption, sound absorption, recoil damping and / or heat absorption.

The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in the various configurations.

Reference list

1

silencer

3rd

Silencer jacket

5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17

Flow control chamber

19th

Front exit wall

20

Ring section of the front exit wall

21

Floor exit opening

22

funnel-shaped section

23

Front entry wall

23 '

outer forehead section

23 "

inner forehead section

24th

funnel-shaped section

25th

Floor entry opening

27

Connector

29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39

Baffle

41, 43, 45, 47, 49

partition wall

51, 53, 55, 57, 59

Intermediate chamber

61

Inner silencer part

63, 65.67

opening

69

Muffler inner jacket

71, 73, 75

Connecting strut

77

Connection section on muffler jacket

79

Connection section on the muffler inner part

81

Inner jacket section of a baffle / front exit wall

83

Inner jacket section of a partition

85

Passage opening

87

Connection section of the connector

89

Reinforcing struts of the connector

91

Outer jacket of the connector

93

annular section-shaped chambers

95

Construction platform

97

Shaft

99

Substrate plate / carrier plate

101

Funnel section

103

partition wall

105

Lateral surface of the partition

106, 108

surface

107

Button

109

Undercut

111

Powder grains

151

Outer wall

153

Interior wall

155

chamber

157

Partition

A

Installation direction

S

Soul axis

U

Circumferential direction

G

Storey flight direction

R

Recoil direction

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• US 2017/0160035 A1 [0007, 0008]

Claims (18)

Component for a firearm, in particular a handgun, such as the housing, cartridge chamber, magazine, handle, barrel, muffler and / or barrel, characterized in that the component consists of one piece of an alloy comprising more than 15 at.% Aluminum and more than 10 At .-% titanium is manufactured, in particular manufactured additively. Component after Claim 1 , characterized in that the alloy more than 20 at%, 30 at% or 40 at% titanium and / or more than 20 at%, 30 at% or 40 at% aluminum includes. Component after Claim 1 or 2nd , characterized in that titanium and aluminum together form a proportion of more than 25 at.%, 40 at.%, 50 at.%, 60 at.% or 80 at.% of the alloy. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy is less than 90 at%, 70 at%, 60 at% or 50 at% aluminum and / or less than 85 at%, 70 at% or 60 at% titanium. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy has more than 1 at.% And / or less than 6 at.% Niobium and / or tantalum. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy has more than 1 at.% And / or less than 3 at.% Chromium, molybdenum and / or vanadium. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alloy has boron, in particular more than 0.1 at.% Boron and / or less than 1 at.% Boron. Component, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for a firearm, in particular a handgun, such as housing, cartridge chamber, magazine, handle, barrel, muffler and / or barrel, characterized in that the component consists of a piece of a titanium aluminide alloy or a nickel base -Alloy is made additively. Component after Claim 8 , which is produced by applying and fusing powder grains in layers, the powder grains comprising the titanium aluminide and / or nickel-based alloy, preferably at least 50% of the powder grains having a diameter of at least 15 μm and at most 300 μm. Component after Claim 9 , which is produced by means of a selective laser beam welding process, preferably at least 50% of the powder grains having a diameter of at least 15 μm and at most 45 μm and / or a layer thickness in the build-up direction in which the component is built up in layers, at least 25 μm, 35 μm or is at least 45 µm. Component after Claim 9 which is produced by means of a selective electron beam welding process, preferably at least 50% of the powder grains having a diameter of at least 25 μm and at most 150 μm, particularly preferably from 40 μm to 80 μm, and / or the powder grains having an average diameter of 60 μm to 90 µm, particularly preferably from 70 µm to 80 µm, and / or a layer thickness in the build-up direction in which the component is built up in layers is at least 25 µm, 35 µm or 45 µm, particularly preferably between 60 µm and 80 µm. Firearm, in particular handgun, comprising a component designed according to one of the preceding claims, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel, a silencer and / or a barrel. Additive manufacturing process for a particular one of the Claims 1 to 11 trained component, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel, a muffler and / or a barrel, for a firearm, in particular a handgun, in which: 1) metal powder, preferably in layers, directly or indirectly on a Carrier plate is applied; 2) the metal powder is irradiated to form a predetermined geometry of the component according to a contour of the component, preferably with a laser beam or an electron beam in order to at least partially melt the metal powder; 3) the at least partially molten metal powder is irradiated, preferably with a laser beam or an electron beam, in order to reheat the metal powder; 4) the carrier plate is shifted, in particular reduced, by a predefined layer thickness in the direction of generation; and 5) steps 1) to 4) are repeated. Additive manufacturing process after Claim 13 , wherein the post-heating is carried out with a widened radiation cone and / or wherein during the post-heating both the molten metal powder and the metal powder surrounding, in particular unmelted, metal powder is irradiated, wherein in particular the expanded radiation cone reheats the metal powder by irradiation along a grid which heats up extends in particular over the entire surface of the carrier plate covered with metal powder. Additive manufacturing process after Claim 13 or 14 , wherein the metal powder is preheated before melting, in particular during the preheating the metal powder is irradiated, preferably with a laser beam or an electron beam, in order to sinter the metal powder at least partially, the preheating preferably being carried out with a widened radiation cone and / or with preheating both the metal powder to be melted as well as the metal powder surrounding it, in particular not to be melted, is irradiated, in particular the expanded radiation cone preheating the metal powder by irradiation along a grid which extends in particular over the entire carrier plate surface covered with metal powder. Additive manufacturing process according to one of the Claims 13 to 15 , which takes place in a protective gas flooded and / or with an absolute gas pressure of at most 10 * 10 ^-3 mbar and / or at least 5 * 10 ^-6 mbar, in particular sealed off from the environment, preferably after the at least partial melting, in particular after reheating, the last layer of the component, the installation space and / or component temperature is in particular continuously cooled, protective gas being supplied to the installation space in particular at a temperature of approximately 300 ° C. to a temperature of approximately 100 ° C. in order to cool it down accelerate. Manufacturing process, especially according to one of the Claims 13 to 16 , for a particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 trained component, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel, a muffler and / or a barrel, for a firearm, in particular a handgun, characterized in that the component consists of a piece of an alloy comprising more than 15 At .-% aluminum and more than 10 at .-% titanium is manufactured, in particular manufactured additively. Manufacturing process, especially according to one of the Claims 13 to 17th , for a particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 trained component, such as a housing, a cartridge chamber, a magazine, a handle, a barrel, a muffler and / or a barrel, for a firearm, in particular a handgun, in which the component is made from a piece of a titanium aluminide alloy and / or Nickel-based alloy is manufactured additively.

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