DE102018203268A1 - Fiber material, fiber composite plastic, fiber composite plastic component, method for producing the fiber material, the fiber composite plastic and the fiber composite plastic component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fiber material which comprises fibers (2) and at least one hollow profile (3) arranged on and / or in the fibers (2).

Description

The present invention relates to a fiber material, a fiber composite plastic and a fiber composite plastic component, can be introduced through the functional components in the fiber material without the functional components by mechanical action, such as pressure, or by the action of temperature damage. Moreover, the present invention also relates to methods for producing the fiber material, the fiber composite plastic and the fiber composite plastic component.

Fiber composite plastics consist of fibers and a plastic-based matrix material. During the production of the fiber composite plastics, high mechanical and thermal forces act on the fibers through the process parameters, in particular during the shaping or in the step of adding the plastic-based matrix material. To functional components, such as To introduce water hoses, optical fibers, hydraulic hoses and the like in the fiber composite plastic, the functional components must withstand the mechanical and thermal forces. This requires a complex and costly design of the functional components. Another disadvantage is that the functional components are permanently connected to the plastic-based matrix material permanently stable by the provision of functional components directly in the fiber composite plastic. The functional components may e.g. in case of failure of the functional components are not replaced.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fiber material, a fiber composite plastic and a fiber composite plastic component, in the functional components permanently stable and reversible integrated or integrated. Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing the fiber material, the fiber composite plastic and the fiber composite plastic component, which are easy to implement without high technical complexity.

The objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims have advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention to the content.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a fiber material which comprises fibers and at least one hollow profile arranged on and / or in the fibers. Here, neither the fibers nor the hollow profile are limited in detail.

Suitable materials for the fibers are preferably selected from carbon, glass, basalt, aramid, polymeric plastics, metals, ceramics, and mixtures of these materials. Also natural fibers, e.g. Cellulose-based fibers, such as, in particular, cotton, linen, hemp, jute, ramie, sisal, abaca (manila hemp) or coconut, may be used. The material of the fibers depends on the properties of the fiber material to be achieved.

The fibers may be present loosely arranged in the fiber material. Preferably, however, the fibers are e.g. in the form of a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a mat, a knitted fabric, a braid, a knitted fabric or in mixed forms of the aforementioned forms.

The material and the shape of the hollow profile are not limited in detail. However, it is essential that the hollow profile does not suffer any damage in the production or further processing of the fiber material and is therefore permanently available for (reversibly) receiving a functional component. The type and configuration of the hollow profile is thus determined in particular according to the process parameters in the production and further processing of the fiber material according to the invention. Particularly suitable materials of the hollow profile include plastics, metals, silicones and also wood. To improve the mechanical and / or thermal and / or physical and / or chemical resistance of the hollow profile, the Holprofil can also have more than one layer and thus be formed, for example in the form of a laminate.

The shape and size of the hollow profile depend mainly on the functional component to be introduced. The hollow profile is preferably in the form of a tube, an empty tube whose cross-section is e.g. may be round, elliptical, triangular rectangular or polygonal executed.

According to the invention, the hollow profile is arranged on and / or in the fibers. This may mean that the hollow profile is embedded, for example, between the fibers or between fiber strands or only on the surface or in specifically provided and thus e.g. fiber-reduced or fiber-free areas is located. Preferably, an arrangement is selected in which the hollow profile does not detach from the fibers even during transport of the fiber material according to the invention.

According to a preferred embodiment, the hollow profile is connected to the fibers. As a result, the transportability of the fiber material and its processability are facilitated. Likewise, the hollow profile can thus also be provided in an intended arrangement in and / or on the fibers be fixed. Suitable connection forms include cohesive, non-positive and positive connections, as well as compounds which are mixed forms of the aforementioned connection forms. The following, non-limiting, exemplary compounds are particularly well suited:

For example, if the fibers are in the form of a braid, then the hollow profile may be braided with the fibers. The hollow profile thus becomes an integral part of the fibers and is very well preserved from dissolving away from the fibers. The same applies to fibers that are present in the form of a knit or fabric.

Another very good way to connect the hollow profile with the fibers, is by providing an adhesive connection. This can be done for example by fixing the hollow profile by means of a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic to the fibers.

Alternatively, the hollow profile can be stiffened with the fibers. This compound is particularly suitable if the fibers are also compressed with each other. Thus, connecting the hollow profile to the fibers does not require a separate process step.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the hollow section is at least partially transparent or semi-transparent. This embodiment is particularly suitable if an optical waveguide component is to be arranged as a functional component in the hollow profile. The light waves can thus pass through the material of the hollow profile and are perceptible by the fibers. The hollow profile thus receives the design of a light channel.

It is particularly preferred if the hollow profile is impermeable at least in sections for visible light with a wavelength of 350 nm to 750 nm. As a result, visible light can only partially pass through the hollow profile and is thus visible in sections by the fibers. As a result, for example, signal effects or color effects can be achieved.

Further advantageously, the hollow profile is at least partially black. As a result, light can not pass through the hollow profile at these points and is shaded. Again, this can contribute to achieving a signal effect.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, a fiber composite plastic is described which comprises a fiber material as described above and at least one plastic-based matrix material. The matrix material is not limited in detail and is present in particular in a crosslinked or cured state. Highly suitable plastic-based matrix materials include thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastics.

As already described above, in the fiber material used for the fiber composite, the hollow profile is present in such a way that it is arranged on and / or in the fibers. Due to the plastic-based matrix material, the hollow profile can be permanently connected to the fibers in a stable manner. This connection may be the only firm connection of the hollow profile with the fibers. However, as also further described above, the hollow profile may also be connected to the fibers in a different way even before being mixed with the plastic-based matrix material. The matrix material in this case would merely serve to provide additional protection against slippage of the hollow profile and, of course, bonding of the fibers.

According to one embodiment, the fiber composite plastic is formed from a plurality of fiber materials, which may be embodied in the form of fiber layers. The fiber layers may in this case be e.g. in the form of a nonwoven, a woven fabric, a mat, a knitted fabric, a braid, a knitted fabric or in mixed forms of the abovementioned forms. Here also fiber layers can be used, which differ in the material, the shape and / or the arrangement of the fibers. The hollow profile may in this case be arranged on and / or in a fiber layer or else between fiber layers. Advantageously, a final fixation of the hollow profile on and / or in the fibers is achieved by the plastic-based matrix material. However, this does not exclude that the hollow profile is connected in advance, ie before the introduction of the plastic-based matrix material, with one or more fiber layers. If the fiber layers together with the hollow profile are before being mixed with plastic-based matrix material, e.g. transported and / or stored, connecting the hollow profile with one or more fiber layers is advantageous.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a fiber composite plastic component is provided. The fiber composite plastic component comprises at least one fiber material as described above and at least one plastic-based matrix material. Furthermore, at least one functional component is arranged in the hollow profile.

With regard to the fiber material or plastic-based matrix material used in the fiber composite plastic component according to the invention, reference is additionally made to the above statements regarding the fiber material according to the invention and the invention Fiber reinforced plastic. In this case, the advantages, advantageous effects and embodiments of the fiber material according to the invention and of the fiber composite plastic according to the invention are also applied to the fiber composite plastic component according to the invention.

In the fiber composite plastic component according to the invention, the functional component is advantageous, due to the reversibility of the arrangement, arranged loosely in the hollow profile. This allows a replacement or generally a removal of the functional component from the hollow profile, for example in the presence of a defect in the functional component.

The functional component is not limited in detail. In particular, the functional component is a conductive component or a medium-conducting component. A conductive component is understood to mean in particular a current-conducting, optical waveguide or heat-conducting component. A medium-carrying component can be, for example, a pneumatic, hydraulic or water-conducting component. Suitable media to be fed thus include in particular gases, e.g. Air and liquids, e.g. Oils or water. Coolants can also be routed as liquid media. Furthermore, media to be conveyed also include solid media, e.g. Fats.

The arrangement of the functional component in the hollow profile of the fiber material, the functional component is protected when using the fiber composite plastic component according to the invention in particular against mechanical impact. Furthermore, depending on the design of the hollow profile, the functional component can also be protected against physical and / or thermal and / or chemical effects. It goes without saying that several functional components can be arranged in a hollow profile.

The fiber composite plastic component according to the invention is thus characterized by a high stability and lasting resistance. The functionality of the functional component contained therein can thus be permanently guaranteed. Also, replacement of the functional member may be enabled, so that the fiber composite resin member can be used for a long time. The fiber composite plastic component according to the invention is thus characterized by a high degree of sustainability.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for producing the fiber material according to the invention is also described. The method comprises the steps of: i) providing fibers and ii) arranging at least one hollow profile on and / or in the fibers.

As already described above for the fibrous material according to the invention, the fibers may be e.g. in the form of a nonwoven, a woven fabric, a mat, a knitted fabric, a braid, a knitted fabric or in mixed forms of the abovementioned forms. Arranging the hollow profile on and / or in the fibers can be carried out simply by placing the hollow profile or, in particular, by integrating the hollow profile into the fibers, for example by braiding, weaving, knitting or reprecipitating the hollow profile.

The process is simple, without high technical complexity, and thus inexpensive executable. It makes it possible to produce a fiber material in which a functional component can be integrated, namely by arranging such a functional component in the hollow profile arranged on and / or in the fibers.

Preferably, the method includes a step of bonding the fibers to the hollow profile so as to facilitate the transportability and processability of the fibrous material by preventing the hollow profile from disengaging from the fibers.

The bonding of the hollow profile with the fibers can be carried out, for example, by the formation of a cohesive and / or positive and / or non-positive connection. Particularly suitable is a knitting and / or braiding of the hollow profile with the fibers. Also, the hollow profile can be reinforced with the fibers. Also suitable is the formation of an adhesive bond between the hollow profile and the fibers.

Another inventive aspect of the present invention also relates to a method for producing a fiber composite plastic according to the invention. This method comprises providing fibers, arranging at least one hollow profile on and / or in the fibers, and offsetting the fibers with at least one plastic-based matrix material.

With regard to the first two method steps, reference may be made to the method for producing a fiber material described above. The step of displacing the fibers with at least one plastic-based matrix material can be carried out, for example, by an intrusion method, pressing method or injection method. This step is preferably carried out so that the interior of the hollow profile does not come into contact with the plastic-based matrix material. For this purpose, it may be advantageous to the ends of the Hollow profile to close before introducing the plastic-based matrix material reversible.

The method enables a technically simple production of a fiber composite plastic for receiving functional components.

Advantageously, the method may further comprise a step of curing the plastic-based matrix material. As a result, the arrangement of the hollow profile can be fixed particularly well and permanently stable. This is particularly advantageous for thermosetting plastic-based matrix materials.

In addition, according to a further advantageous development, it can be provided that the method comprises a step of connecting the hollow profile to the fibers prior to displacing the fibers with at least one plastic-based matrix material. This allows the arrangement, i. the position and possibly also the shape of the hollow profile to be fixed. This prevents detachment, for example during transport or during further processing.

Particularly advantageously, the hollow profile is fixed by means of the plastic-based matrix material and / or in the fibers. This can be carried out for example by inserting the fibers and then arranging the hollow profile on and / or in the fibers in a corresponding shape for the production of fiber composite plastic components. If the plastic-based matrix material is then introduced into the mold and the fibers are mixed with it, the hollow profile also adheres permanently to the fibers. This saves a separate step of bonding the hollow profile to the fibers prior to displacing the fibers with plastic-based matrix material.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a fiber composite plastic component as described above. Like the method for producing a fiber composite plastic, this method also comprises providing fibers, arranging at least one hollow profile on and / or in the fibers and displacing the fibers with at least one plastic-based matrix material. With regard to these method steps, reference may therefore be made to the above statements on the method for producing a fiber composite plastic. In addition, the inventive method for producing a fiber composite plastic component also includes a step of introducing at least one functional component into the hollow profile.

This last process step may e.g. be performed by simply inserting the functional component after the displacement of the fibers with the plastic-based matrix material.

The functional component can, as already explained above, in particular be a conductive component or a medium-conducting component. A conductive component is understood to mean in particular a current-conducting, optical waveguide or heat-conducting component. A medium-carrying component can be, for example, a pneumatic, hydraulic or water-conducting component. Suitable media to be fed thus include in particular gases, e.g. Air and liquids, e.g. Oils or water. Coolants can also be routed as liquid media. Furthermore, media to be conveyed also include solid media, e.g. Fats.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a highly functional and permanently stable fiber composite plastic component due to the incorporation of a functional component, which offers the possibility, e.g. replace any defective functional components, without having to discard the entire fiber composite plastic component, and thus characterized by a high degree of sustainability. The method is also characterized by a simple feasibility with conventional devices and is therefore inexpensive to use.

Due to the advantageous development, in which the method comprises a step of curing the plastic-based matrix material before and / or after the introduction of the functional component in the hollow profile, the fiber composite plastic component can be solidified and thus permanently formed stable. This applies in particular to the use of thermosetting plastic-based matrix materials.

The advantages, advantageous effects and developments disclosed for the various aspects of the present invention described herein apply mutually. To avoid redundancy, reference may therefore be made to the respective detailed explanations of the corresponding aspects and developments.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Fasermaterials gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht eines Fasermaterials gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht eines Fasermaterials gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung und
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht eines Faserverbundkunststoffbauteils gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the figures. Show it:

• 1 a schematic view of a fiber material according to a first embodiment of the invention,
• 2 a schematic view of a fiber material according to a second embodiment of the invention,
• 3 a schematic view of a fiber material according to a third embodiment of the invention and
• 4 a schematic view of a fiber composite plastic component according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the figures, only the essential features of the invention are shown. All other features are omitted for clarity. Further, like reference numerals indicate like components.

In detail shows 1 a fiber material 1 , The fiber material 1 has substantially parallel fibers 2 on, over warp threads 4 connected to each other. Also parallel to the fibers 2 is also a hollow profile 3 arranged. Also the hollow profile 3 is by means of the warp threads 4 with the fibers 2 connected. The warp threads 4 thus prevent a loosening of the hollow profile 3 , The hollow profile 3 is permanently stable in the fibers 2 and thus into the fiber material 1 integrated, so that both during transport and during the further processing of the fiber material 1 the arrangement of the fibers 2 and the hollow profile 3 remains fixed.

The hollow profile 3 is shown here by way of example with square profile cross-section. Other forms are also possible. Suitable materials of the hollow profile are selected from metal, plastic, silicone, wood or combinations of two or more of the aforementioned materials.

This in 2 represented fiber material 1 also includes fibers 2 and a hollow profile 3 that like in 1 can be trained. The fibers 2 are in the form of a non-woven fabric, so a random fiber mat. The hollow profile 3 is on the surface of the fibers 2 arranged. reference numeral 5 stands for a connection of the fibers 2 with the hollow profile 3 , The connection 5 is formed as an adhesive connection, that is, as a cohesive connection, which was obtained for example by using a thermoplastic material, which on the hollow profile 3 and the fibers 2 liable.

Through the connection 5 will prevent the hollow profile 3 eg during transport or further processing of the fiber material 1 from the fibers 2 replaces. This will be a permanently stable fiber material 1 receive.

This in 3 represented fiber material 1 is a fibrous tissue. The hollow profile 3 is in this case between the fibers 2 inserted and additionally by means of a connection 6 , which is designed as a nitrogen bond, with the fibers 2 connected. This also causes an unintentional detachment of the hollow profile 3 from the fibers 2 effectively prevented.

In the 1 to 3 represented fiber materials 1 are due to the contained hollow profile 3 for receiving a functional component, such as a conductive component or a medium-carrying component set.

4 shows a fiber composite plastic component 10 , The fiber composite plastic component 10 has four fiber materials 1a . 1b . 1c and 1d on. The fibers 2 in the fiber materials 1a . 1b . 1c and 1d For example, they may be in the form of a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a fabric, a knit fabric, a braid, a knit or in blended forms of the aforementioned forms. Here, the fiber materials 1a . 1b . 1c and 1d be identical or differently configured with regard to the fiber arrangement and / or the chemical composition.

The fiber materials 1a . 1b . 1c and 1d are permanently stable connected by a plastic-based matrix material.

The fiber material 1c is different from the fiber materials 1a . 1b and 1d by the arrangement of a hollow profile 3 in the fibers 2 of the fiber material 1c , The hollow profile 3 has a rectangular cross section and extends from a first page 7 of the fiber composite plastic component 10 until his second page 9 , As a result, the hollow profile 3 from both sides 7 . 9 , accessible.

In the hollow profile 3 is a functional component 8th arranged after putting the fiber materials 1a . 1b . 1c and 1d with the plastic-based matrix material in the hollow profile 3 was introduced.

The functional component 8th may be a conductive component, and hereunder in particular a current-conducting, optical waveguide or heat-conducting component. Alternatively, the functional component may in particular also be a medium-carrying component, such as, for example, a pneumatic, hydraulic or water-conducting component. A coolant-carrying component is also conceivable.

By arranging the functional component 8th in the hollow profile 3 The functional component is protected against mechanical impact. In addition, it is reversible in the hollow profile 8th can be arranged and removed if necessary and, for example, against another functional component 8th be replaced. As a result, the sustainability of the fiber composite plastic component 10 significantly increased. The fiber composite plastic component 10 characterized by the integration of the functional component 8th in the hollow profile 3 through a high and permanently stable functionality.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

fiber material

2

fiber

3

hollow profile

4

warp

5

connection

6

connection

7

first side of the fiber composite plastic component

8th

functional component

9

second side of the fiber composite plastic component

10

Fiber reinforced plastic component

Claims (15)

Fiber material comprising fibers (2) and at least one hollow profile (3) arranged on and / or in the fibers (2). Fiber material after Claim 1 , characterized in that the hollow profile (3) is connected to the fibers (2). Fiber material after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the hollow profile (3) is at least partially transparent or semitransparent. Fiber material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow profile (3) is impermeable at least in sections for visible light with a wavelength of 350 nm to 750 nm. Fiber material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow profile (3) is at least partially black. Composite fiber plastic comprising a fiber material (1) according to one of the preceding claims and at least one plastic-based matrix material. Fiber composite plastic component comprising at least one fiber material (1c) according to one of Claims 1 to 5 and at least one plastic-based matrix material, wherein in the hollow profile (3) at least one functional component (8), in particular a current-conducting, optical waveguide or heat-conducting component, or a medium-conducting component, is arranged. Process for producing a fibrous material (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 comprising the steps: - providing fibers (2) and - arranging at least one hollow profile (3) on and / or in the fibers (2). Method according to Claim 8 further comprising a step of connecting the fibers (2) to the hollow profile (3). Process for producing a fiber composite according to Claim 6 comprising the steps: - providing fibers (2), - arranging at least one hollow profile (3) on and / or in the fibers (2) and - displacing the fibers (2) with at least one plastic-based matrix material. Method according to Claim 10 , further comprising a step of curing the plastic-based matrix material. Method according to Claim 10 or 11 further comprising a step of bonding the hollow profile (3) to the fibers (2) prior to displacing the fibers (2) with at least one plastic-based matrix material. Method according to one of Claims 10 to 12 , further comprising a step of fixing the hollow profile (3) to and / or in the fibers (2) by means of the plastic-based matrix material. Method for producing a fiber composite plastic component (10) according to Claim 7 comprising the steps: - providing fibers (2), - arranging at least one hollow profile (3) on and / or in the fibers (2), - displacing the fibers (2) with at least one plastic-based matrix material and - introducing at least one functional component (8) in the hollow profile (3). Method according to Claim 14 , further comprising a step of curing the plastic-based matrix material before and / or after the introduction of the functional component (8) into the hollow profile (3).

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