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DE102018116150B4 - Aircraft - Google Patents

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Publication number
DE102018116150B4
DE102018116150B4 DE102018116150.6A DE102018116150A DE102018116150B4 DE 102018116150 B4 DE102018116150 B4 DE 102018116150B4 DE 102018116150 A DE102018116150 A DE 102018116150A DE 102018116150 B4 DE102018116150 B4 DE 102018116150B4
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Prior art keywords
aircraft
wing
ducted
following feature
ducted propeller
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DE102018116150.6A
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DE102018116150A1 (en
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Stefan Bender
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/16Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like specially adapted for mounting power plant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/04Helicopters
    • B64C27/12Rotor drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0025Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/10Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants of gas-turbine type 
    • B64D27/14Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants of gas-turbine type  within, or attached to, fuselages
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

Luftfahrzeug (10), mit folgenden Merkmalen:- das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist einen Rumpf (11) und einen um eine Gierachse des Luftfahrzeuges (10) drehbar gelagerten, in die Tragfläche (14) integrierten Mantelpropeller (13) auf, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale:- das Luftfahrzeug (10) ist derart beschaffen, dass den Rumpf (11) anströmende Luft den Mantelpropeller (13) in einem rekuperativen Prozess antreibt, in welchem Energie in einen Energiespeicher des Luftfahrzeuges (10) zurückgeführt wird,- das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist eine Tragfläche (14) auf,- das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist einen in die Tragfläche (14) integrierten Luftkanal (12) zum Zuführen der Luft an den Mantelpropeller (13) auf und- der Luftkanal (12) mündet in die Tragfläche (14) und quer zur Gierachse auf den Mantelpropeller (13).Aircraft (10), with the following features: the aircraft (10) has a fuselage (11) and a ducted propeller (13) which is rotatably mounted about a yaw axis of the aircraft (10) and is integrated in the wing (14), characterized by the following Features: - the aircraft (10) is designed in such a way that air flowing onto the fuselage (11) drives the ducted propeller (13) in a recuperative process in which energy is returned to an energy store of the aircraft (10), - the aircraft (10) ) has a wing (14), - the aircraft (10) has an air duct (12) integrated into the wing (14) for supplying the air to the ducted propeller (13) and - the air duct (12) opens into the wing (14) and across the yaw axis on the ducted propeller (13).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Luftfahrzeug, insbesondere ein vollelektrisches, senkrecht start- und landefähiges (vertical take-off and landing, VTOL) Luftfahrzeug.The present invention relates to an aircraft, in particular a fully electric, vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft.

Als VTOL wird in der Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik sprachübergreifend jedwede Art von Flugzeug, Drohne oder Rakete bezeichnet, welche die Fähigkeit besitzt, im Wesentlichen senkrecht und ohne Start- und Landebahn abzuheben und wieder aufzusetzen. Dieser Sammelbegriff wird nachfolgend in einem weiten Sinne verwendet, der nicht nur Starrflügelflugzeuge mit Tragflächen, sondern ebenso Drehflügler wie Hub-, Trag-, Flugschrauber und Hybride wie Verbundhub- oder Kombinationsschrauber sowie Wandelflugzeuge einschließt. Erfasst seien des Weiteren Luftfahrzeuge mit der Fähigkeit, auf besonders kurzen Strecken zu starten und zu landen (short take-off and landing, STOL), auf kurzen Strecken zu starten, aber senkrecht zu landen (short take-off and vertical landing, STOVL) oder senkrecht zu starten, aber horizontal zu landen (vertical take-off and horizontal landing, VTHL).In aerospace engineering, VTOL is any type of aircraft, drone or rocket that has the ability to take off and touch down essentially vertically and without a runway. This collective term is used in a broad sense below, which includes not only fixed-wing aircraft with wings, but also rotary-wing aircraft such as helicopters, gyroscopes, aircraft helicopters and hybrids such as composite helicopters or combination helicopters as well as convertible aircraft. Aircraft with the ability to take off and land on particularly short routes (short take-off and landing, STOL), take off on short routes but land vertically (short take-off and vertical landing, STOVL) are also included. or take off vertically but land horizontally (vertical take-off and horizontal landing, VTHL).

EP 3 290 334 A1 und EP 2 738 091 A1 offenbaren jeweils den Gegenstand des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1. EP 3 290 334 A1 and EP 2 738 091 A1 each disclose the subject matter of the preamble of claim 1.

Das Luftfahrzeug gemäß FR 1 489 883 A weist einen integrierten Luftkanal zum Zuführen von Luft an seinen Mantelpropeller, jenes gemäß WO 2015/005 776 A1 einen vollelektrischen Antrieb auf.The aircraft according to FR 1 489 883 A has an integrated air duct for supplying air to its ducted propeller, that according to WO 2015/005 776 A1 a fully electric drive.

Ein VTOL gemäß WO 2015/ 089 679 A1 umfasst einen Rumpf, zwei Hauptflügel, welche beidseitig an einem hinteren Bereich des Rumpfs angeordnet sind, zwei Propeller, wobei je ein Propeller an jedem Hauptflügel um die horizontale Längsachse drehbar angeordnet ist, und einen Rotor, der an einem um die Querachse schwenkbar am Rumpf gelagerten Rotorträger angeordnet ist und zur Rekuperation dienen kann.A VTOL according to WO 2015/089 679 A1 comprises a fuselage, two main wings, which are arranged on both sides on a rear area of the fuselage, two propellers, one propeller on each main wing being arranged to be rotatable about the horizontal longitudinal axis, and a rotor that is arranged on a rotor arm pivotable about the transverse axis on the fuselage and can be used for recuperation.

Auch RU 147 630 U1 offenbart augenscheinlich ein zur Rekuperation geeignetes VTOL. Even RU 147 630 U1 apparently discloses a VTOL suitable for recuperation.

US 9 677 466 B2 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Steuern der Leistungsanforderung beim Betrieb eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeugs, das mit einem Verbrennungsmotor ausgestattet, jedoch für dessen Ausfall mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher und Motor versehen ist. Auch hier ist eine Rekuperation vorgesehen. US 9 677 466 B2 describes a method for controlling the power requirement when operating an unmanned aircraft that is equipped with an internal combustion engine, but is provided with an electrical energy store and motor for its failure. Recuperation is also provided here.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Energierückgewinnung bei einem Luftfahrzeug der eingangs genannten Art.The object of the invention is energy recovery in an aircraft of the type mentioned at the beginning.

Die Erfindung stellt hierzu ein Luftfahrzeug, insbesondere ein vollelektrisches, im obigen Sinne senkrecht start- und landefähiges Luftfahrzeug gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 bereit.For this purpose, the invention provides an aircraft, in particular a fully electric aircraft capable of taking off and landing vertically in the above sense, according to independent claim 1.

Ein Vorzug dieser Lösung liegt in der eröffneten Möglichkeit einer Energierückführung, Effizienzsteigerung sowie einer gegenüber herkömmlichen vollelektrischen Luftfahrzeugen erhöhten Reichweite.One advantage of this solution is the possibility of energy return, increased efficiency and an increased range compared to conventional all-electric aircraft.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben. So kann das Luftfahrzeug etwa mit abgeknickten oder gar wahlweise abknickbaren Tragflächen ausgestattet sein. Eine entsprechende Variante vergrößert die im Horizontalflug wirksame Flügelfläche, ohne aber die Standfläche des Luftfahrzeuges auszudehnen.Further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. For example, the aircraft can be equipped with angled or even optionally angled wings. A corresponding variant increases the wing area effective in level flight, but without expanding the standing area of the aircraft.

Ferner mag das Luftfahrzeug über ein schnell ladbares Batteriesystem verfügen, welches die Antriebsenergie für Senkrechtstart und -landung sowie Horizontalflug bereitstellt und eine kurzfristige Aufladung des Luftfahrzeuges im Stand ermöglicht.Furthermore, the aircraft may have a battery system that can be charged quickly, which provides the drive energy for vertical take-off and landing as well as level flight and enables the aircraft to be charged at short notice when the vehicle is stationary.

Zum Antrieb des Luftfahrzeuges können hierbei anstelle freifahrender Rotoren mehrere Mantelpropeller (ducted fans) unterschiedlicher Größe zum Einsatz kommen, wie sie abseits der Luftfahrttechnik etwa von Luftkissenfahrzeugen oder Sumpfbooten bekannt sind. Das den Propeller umgebende zylindrische Gehäuse vermag in einer derartigen Ausführungsform die Schubverluste infolge von Verwirbelungen an den Blattspitzen beträchtlich zu reduzieren. Geeignete Mantelpropeller mögen horizontal oder vertikal ausgerichtet, zwischen beiden Stellungen schwenkbar ausgeführt oder aus aerodynamischen Gründen im Horizontalflug durch Lamellen (louvers) abgedeckt sein. Zudem ist eine reine Horizontalschuberzeugung mittels feststehender Mantelpropeller denkbar.To drive the aircraft, instead of free-moving rotors, several ducted fans of different sizes can be used, as they are known outside of aviation technology, for example from hovercraft or swamp boats. In such an embodiment, the cylindrical housing surrounding the propeller is able to considerably reduce the thrust losses due to turbulence at the blade tips. Suitable ducted propellers may be aligned horizontally or vertically, designed to be pivotable between the two positions or, for aerodynamic reasons, be covered by louvers in horizontal flight. In addition, a pure horizontal thrust generation by means of fixed ducted propellers is conceivable.

Schließlich kommt - neben einem vorzugsweise vollautonomen Betrieb des Luftfahrzeuges - bei hinreichender Qualifikation auch die Einräumung einer manuellen Kontrolle an den menschlichen Piloten in Betracht, was der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eine größtmögliche Flexibilität in der Handhabung verleiht.Finally - in addition to a preferably fully autonomous operation of the aircraft - with sufficient qualification, the granting of manual control to the human pilot comes into consideration, which gives the device according to the invention the greatest possible flexibility in handling.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below.

Die Figur zeigt die teilweise Draufsicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Luftfahrzeuges.The figure shows the partial plan view of an aircraft according to the invention.

Die einzige Figur illustriert die konstruktiven Merkmale einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Luftfahrzeuges (10).The single figure illustrates the structural features of a preferred embodiment of the aircraft according to the invention ( 10 ).

Erfindungswesentlich verfügt das Luftfahrzeug (10) über einen in seiner Tragfläche integrierten Mantelpropeller für Start und Landung, der als Hubpropeller im horizontalen Reiseflug bei einem herkömmlichen VTOL ungenutzt bliebe. Hier jedoch wird die im Reiseflug anströmende Luft mittig an der Nase des Luftfahrzeuges (10) unmittelbar vor der Pilotenkanzel gleichsam „abgesaugt“ und in einen in den Rumpf integrierten Luftkanal geleitet, ohne die Gesamtaerodynamik des Luftfahrzeuges (10) zu beeinträchtigen. Dieser Luftkanal wiederum leitet die Luft entlang der Pilotenkanzel und seitlich in die Tragfläche, wo er schließlich quer zur Reiseflugrichtung und der Drehachse des Mantelpropellers auf letzteren mündet. In diesem rekuperativen Prozess wird andernfalls ungenutzte Energie in den - zeichnerisch nicht dargestellten - Energiespeicher des Luftfahrzeuges (10) zurückführt.Essential to the invention, the aircraft ( 10 ) via a ducted propeller integrated in its wing for take-off and landing, which would remain unused as a lifting propeller in horizontal cruise flight with a conventional VTOL. Here, however, the air flowing in during cruise is centered on the nose of the aircraft ( 10 ) Immediately in front of the cockpit, as it were, "sucked out" and fed into an air duct integrated into the fuselage, without the overall aerodynamics of the aircraft ( 10 ) to affect. This air duct, in turn, directs the air along the cockpit and laterally into the wing, where it finally ends at right angles to the direction of travel and the axis of rotation of the ducted propeller. In this recuperative process, otherwise unused energy is stored in the aircraft's energy storage device (not shown in the drawing) ( 10 ) returns.

Es versteht sich, dass die Luftströmung an einer anderen günstigen Stelle des Bugs oder andernorts an der Oberfläche des Luftfahrzeuges (10) in den Luftkanal (12) geleitet werden mag, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that the air flow at another favorable point on the bow or elsewhere on the surface of the aircraft ( 10 ) into the air duct ( 12th ) may be directed without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

Luftfahrzeug (10), mit folgenden Merkmalen: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist einen Rumpf (11) und einen um eine Gierachse des Luftfahrzeuges (10) drehbar gelagerten, in die Tragfläche (14) integrierten Mantelpropeller (13) auf, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) ist derart beschaffen, dass den Rumpf (11) anströmende Luft den Mantelpropeller (13) in einem rekuperativen Prozess antreibt, in welchem Energie in einen Energiespeicher des Luftfahrzeuges (10) zurückgeführt wird, - das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist eine Tragfläche (14) auf, - das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist einen in die Tragfläche (14) integrierten Luftkanal (12) zum Zuführen der Luft an den Mantelpropeller (13) auf und - der Luftkanal (12) mündet in die Tragfläche (14) und quer zur Gierachse auf den Mantelpropeller (13).Aircraft (10), with the following features: the aircraft (10) has a fuselage (11) and a ducted propeller (13) which is rotatably mounted about a yaw axis of the aircraft (10) and is integrated in the wing (14), characterized by the following Features: - the aircraft (10) is designed in such a way that air flowing onto the fuselage (11) drives the ducted propeller (13) in a recuperative process in which energy is returned to an energy store of the aircraft (10), - the aircraft (10) ) has a wing (14), - the aircraft (10) has an air duct (12) integrated into the wing (14) for supplying the air to the ducted propeller (13) and - the air duct (12) opens into the wing (14) and across the yaw axis on the ducted propeller (13). Luftfahrzeug (10) nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch folgendes Merkmal: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist einen vollelektrischen Antrieb auf.Aircraft (10) after Claim 1 , characterized by the following feature: - the aircraft (10) has a fully electric drive. Luftfahrzeug (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch folgendes Merkmal: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) umfasst abgeknickte oder abknickbare Tragflächen (14).Aircraft (10) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized by the following feature: - the aircraft (10) comprises kinked or kinkable wings (14). Luftfahrzeug (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet durch folgendes Merkmal: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) umfasst ein schnell ladbares Batteriesystem.Aircraft (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized by the following feature: - the aircraft (10) comprises a rapidly chargeable battery system. Luftfahrzeug (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch folgendes Merkmal: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) umfasst waagerecht feststehende Mantelpropeller (13) für Start und Landung.Aircraft (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 4th , characterized by the following feature: - the aircraft (10) comprises horizontally fixed ducted propellers (13) for take-off and landing. Luftfahrzeug (10) nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Merkmale: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) weist Lamellen auf und - die waagerechten Mantelpropeller (13) sind mittels der Lamellen wahlweise abdeckbar.Aircraft (10) after Claim 5 , characterized by the following features: - the aircraft (10) has slats and - the horizontal ducted propellers (13) can optionally be covered by means of the slats. Luftfahrzeug (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch folgendes Merkmal: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) umfasst senkrecht feststehende Mantelpropeller (13) zum Erzeugen eines Vortriebes.Aircraft (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6th , characterized by the following feature: the aircraft (10) comprises vertically fixed ducted propellers (13) for generating propulsion. Luftfahrzeug (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch folgendes Merkmal: - das Luftfahrzeug (10) ist wahlweise vollautonom steuerbar.Aircraft (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7th , characterized by the following feature: - the aircraft (10) can optionally be controlled fully autonomously.
DE102018116150.6A 2018-07-04 2018-07-04 Aircraft Active DE102018116150B4 (en)

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CN112046740A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-08 南方科技大学台州研究院 Vertical take-off and landing aircraft and flight method

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1489883A (en) 1966-06-17 1967-07-28 Aircraft with faired propeller incorporated into its structure
EP2738091A1 (en) 2012-11-30 2014-06-04 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aerial vehicle and method of operating such a VTOL aerial vehicle
RU147630U1 (en) 2014-04-15 2014-11-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Псковский государственный университет" CAR WITH FLIGHT OPERATING PROPERTIES
WO2015005776A1 (en) 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Eco-Logical Enterprises B.V. Rotary device, for instance an air mover such as a fan, a propeller or a lifting rotor, a water turbine or a wind turbine
WO2015089679A1 (en) 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Conca-Garcia Raphaël Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (vtol)
US9677466B2 (en) 2014-12-16 2017-06-13 Airbus Group Sas Method of managing a power demand for the operation of a pilotless aircraft equipped with an internal combustion engine
EP3290334A1 (en) 2016-08-31 2018-03-07 Sunlight Photonics Inc. Aircraft for vertical take-off and landing

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1489883A (en) 1966-06-17 1967-07-28 Aircraft with faired propeller incorporated into its structure
EP2738091A1 (en) 2012-11-30 2014-06-04 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aerial vehicle and method of operating such a VTOL aerial vehicle
WO2015005776A1 (en) 2013-07-09 2015-01-15 Eco-Logical Enterprises B.V. Rotary device, for instance an air mover such as a fan, a propeller or a lifting rotor, a water turbine or a wind turbine
WO2015089679A1 (en) 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Conca-Garcia Raphaël Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (vtol)
RU147630U1 (en) 2014-04-15 2014-11-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Псковский государственный университет" CAR WITH FLIGHT OPERATING PROPERTIES
US9677466B2 (en) 2014-12-16 2017-06-13 Airbus Group Sas Method of managing a power demand for the operation of a pilotless aircraft equipped with an internal combustion engine
EP3290334A1 (en) 2016-08-31 2018-03-07 Sunlight Photonics Inc. Aircraft for vertical take-off and landing

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