DE102018100691A1 - High performance battery module or high power capacitor module - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormodul consisting of a box (10) in which a chamber (11) is provided; an electrolyte fluid (20) with which the chamber (11) is filled; Battery cells (30) mounted in the chamber (11) of the box (10), the battery cells (30) being immersed in the electrolyte liquid (20) electrically isolated; and a heat exchange unit (40) which is connected to the chamber (11) of the box (10), whereby a closed fluid circulation space is formed, wherein the heat exchange unit (40) circulating the electrolyte liquid (20) out of the chamber (11) further Temperature of the chamber (11) leaving the electrolyte liquid (20) lowers and then the cooled electrolyte liquid (20) through an input (12) of the box (10) back into the chamber (11). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a device for automatic compensation of the ion concentration is also provided to automatically determine and maintain the ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid (20). According to the present invention, the electrolytic liquid (20) serves as a cooling liquid of the high-power battery module or capacitor and can solve the heating problem associated with charging / discharging the high-power battery module so that the life of the battery or the capacitor system is prolonged.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a technique of controlling the temperature of secondary batteries, in particular a Hochleistungsakkumodul or high-power capacitor module, wherein the electrolyte liquid serves as a cooling liquid.

State of the art

In order to reduce soiling (e.g., air pollution) caused by vehicles powered by fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been developed. As a rule, a rechargeable battery (short form of rechargeable battery) for vehicles comprises a multiplicity of battery cells, lithium ion rechargeable batteries frequently being used in such battery cells. Several encapsulated battery cells are connected in series / parallel to each other and further encapsulated to a battery module / battery pack. Depending on the demand for electrical energy, a plurality of battery modules / battery packs are frequently used in a vehicle, which comprise several thousand battery cells.

In the case of vehicles powered by electric power, there is inevitably a problem of heating that occurs during charging / discharging of the batteries. Temperature is a critical factor in the life and safety of a battery. The higher the temperature of the battery, the more intense the secondary reactions inside the battery will shorten the life of the battery and, in the worst case, cause the heat to go out Control device, which can cause a fire or explosion of the battery. The appropriate operating temperature of lithium ion batteries is between 25 ° C and 40 ° C. For this reason, the management of the temperature of the battery has become a research focus on batteries.

Many electric vehicle applications require high performance battery systems and / or capacitor systems. At present, besides the method, there is a coolant around the encapsulated battery and / or the condenser unit, such as e.g. Air, a liquid or a solid is placed, no further methods.

It is known that the temperature of the battery can be regulated with lithium ion batteries by air cooling, liquid cooling and cooling with storage materials. For example, the publication discloses US 2011/0059347 A1 a US patent application, a battery module, in which an air cooling is used. Between two or more than two interfaces of plate-shaped battery units cooling elements are arranged, which serves as air coolant. For example, the Chinese Utility Model Publication CN 202076386 U a system for controlling the temperature of batteries, which system comprises battery packs, a heat exchange system and a temperature control device, wherein the heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger, a coolant circulation line and a refrigerant circulation line, here not air, but a coolant is used as the medium and the batteries by heat exchange be cooled or heated. Further, the publication discloses US 2010/0279154 A1 a US patent application, a battery and / or a capacitor module for cooling of batteries, wherein a technique for cooling of batteries, are used in the storage materials as coolant, is proposed, in which case a coolant (eg ethylene glycol) or a refrigerant (eg R 11 and R134A) is used as a coolant, which is also commonly used in the cooling system of a compressor and a condenser.

In the above-mentioned known technical embodiments, a cooling module is generally arranged outside the battery / capacitor module, wherein in these technical embodiments either the cooling arrangement around the battery and / or the capacitor battery / the capacitor module has been improved or concentrated on the cooling plate or the Heat dissipation assembly, which is located outside the battery / capacitor module, made of many different materials. The battery / capacitor and the cooling system are clearly arranged as two independent parts, but the effect of the cooling of the battery is limited in such a structure. The limitation of the cooling performance is due to the fact that a lithium battery usually consists of an anode (for example graphite), a cathode (for example lithium), an electrolyte and a separator, the electrolyte being a liquid in most of the batteries and thus also electrolyte fluid is called. In order to prevent oxidation and moisture, the electrodes, the electrolyte and the necessary separator must be encapsulated in a permanently sealed package, whereby the heat conduction is reduced by the packaging material, so that a direct heat conduction of the electrolyte liquid is not possible. In addition, the aforementioned known techniques are methods for lowering the temperature outside the battery module / battery pack.

Object of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a high performance accumulator module or To provide capacitor module, in which the heating problem arising during charging / discharging of the high-performance accumulator module or capacitor module is solved.

Technical solution

This object is achieved by a Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormodul with the features of claim 1 and a Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormodul for vehicles and a charging device therefor with the features of claim 7. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The high capacity accumulator module or capacitor module of the present invention comprises a box which may be a rigid or compliant container, wherein a chamber is provided in the box, the box having an inlet and an outlet communicating with the interior of the chamber; an electrolyte fluid with which the chamber is filled. The high-capacity battery module or capacitor module according to the invention further comprises non-encapsulated battery cells mounted in the chamber of the box, wherein the battery cells are immersed in the electrolyte liquid, wherein a first electrode is disposed on the outside of the box and electrically connected to the positive terminals of the battery cells, and a second electrode is disposed on the outside of the box and electrically connected to the negative terminals of the battery cells; The high-capacity battery module or capacitor module according to the invention further comprises a heat exchange unit which is connected to the inlet and the outlet of the box so that the heat exchange unit and the chamber together form a sealed fluid circulation space, wherein the heat exchange unit circulates through the outlet the electrolyte liquid out of the chamber, further lowers the temperature of the electrolyte liquid leaving the chamber and then returns the cooled electrolyte liquid through the entrance into the chamber. According to the invention, the electrolyte liquid is used as the coolant for the high-performance battery module or capacitor module, wherein the non-encapsulated battery cells are cooled directly in the interior by the electrolyte liquid. In this way, the heating problem arising during charging / discharging of the high power battery module or capacitor module is solved.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the high performance battery module or capacitor module further comprises an ion balance automatic compensation device which serves to detect the ion concentration of the electrolyte fluid in the chamber and, at a detected low ion concentration, the chamber or a heat exchanger of the heat exchange unit with the same Refilling electrolyte fluid of high concentration. Thus, the ion concentration of the electrodes of the non-encapsulated battery cells can be kept stable to avoid that the capacity of the battery is reduced by the reduction of the number of lithium ions. This results in a longer service life of the battery or the capacitor module.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the high power battery module or capacitor module further comprises a charging device electrically connected to an external power source, the first electrode and the second electrode. The charging device charges the battery cells with the power from the external power source.

Advantageously, the heat exchange unit comprises a heat exchanger and a pump, which are each connected via a line to the input and the output of the box. Circumferentially, the pump carries the electrolyte fluid out through the exit from the chamber. Further, the temperature of the electrolyte liquid leaving the chamber is lowered by the heat exchanger. Finally, the cooled electrolyte liquid is returned through the entrance to the chamber.

Advantageously, the heat exchange unit is attached to a charging station. The charging station has a charging gun, in which a first fluid port and a second fluid port are installed, wherein the first fluid port to the input of the box and the second fluid port is connected to the output of the box dan. Further, the heat exchange medium inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger of the heat exchange unit are respectively connected to the first and second fluid ports of the charging gun of the charging station.

The present invention further relates to a high performance battery module or capacitor module for vehicles and a charging apparatus therefor. The high capacity accumulator module or condenser module includes a box, which may be a rigid or compliant container, wherein a chamber is provided in the box, the box having an inlet and an outlet communicating with the interior of the chamber. The high-capacity battery module or capacitor module further comprises an electrolyte fluid with which the chamber is filled and unencapsulated battery cells which are mounted in the chamber of the box, wherein the battery cells are immersed in the electrolyte liquid, wherein a first Electrode disposed on the outside of the box and is electrically connected to the positive terminals of the battery cells and a second electrode disposed on the outside of the box and is electrically connected to the negative terminals of the battery cells. Further, the high capacity battery module or condenser module includes a heat exchange unit connected to the entrance and exit of the box such that the heat exchange unit and the chamber together form a sealed fluid circulation space, the heat exchange unit circulating through the exit carrying the electrolyte fluid out of the chamber Temperature of the electrolyte leaving the chamber lowers and then the cooled electrolyte fluid through the entrance back into the chamber. The charging device is electrically connected to an external power source, the first electrode and the second electrode. The charging device charges the battery cells with the power from the external power source.

In the high-capacity battery module or capacitor module according to the invention and the charging device therefor, it is advantageous to attach the heat exchanger to the front of a vehicle and to lower the temperature of the electrolyte fluid by air or water cooling. The cooled electrolyte fluid is further conveyed back through the entrance of the box into the chamber.

In the high power battery module or capacitor module according to the invention and the charging device therefor, the heat exchange unit is advantageously mounted on a charging station. The charging station has a charging gun in which a first fluid port and a second fluid port are installed, wherein the first fluid port is to be connected to the input of the box and the second fluid port to the output of the box. Further, the heat exchange medium inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger of the heat exchange unit are respectively connected to the first and second fluid ports of the charging gun of the charging station. Thus, the heating problem associated with charging / discharging the high power battery module or capacitor module when charging the vehicle with a charging station can be solved.

In a further preferred embodiment of the high-power battery module or capacitor module according to the invention and the charging device therefor, the high-power battery module or capacitor module further comprises an automatic ion concentration compensation device disposed on the charging column, which device serves to detect the ionic concentration of the electrolyte fluid in the chamber and if detected low ion concentration refills the chamber or heat exchange unit with the same high concentration electrolyte fluid.

Preferably, the apparatus for automatically balancing the ion concentration comprises a detector for detecting the ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid in the chamber, a first container for storing a high ion concentration electrolyte liquid, and a second container for storing an electrolyte liquid low ion concentration is used. The apparatus for automatically balancing the ion concentration further comprises a manifold connected to the first container, the second container and the chamber, the manifold selectively communicating the chamber with the high ion concentration electrolyte liquid in the first container or the low ion concentration electrolyte liquid in the second container and a control circuit to which the detector and the manifold are electrically connected, the control circuit driving the manifold according to the ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid in the chamber as determined by the detector, the chamber having the high ion concentration electrolyte liquid in the first tank or the electrolyte liquid Refill with low ion concentration in the second container.

Preferably, the charging device is arranged on the charging station, which is electrically connected to the mains current, which serves as an external power source for the charging device.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the charging device is mounted on a vehicle and electrically connected to the generator of the vehicle, wherein the electrical energy generated by the generator serves as an external power source.

The high-capacity battery module or capacitor module according to the invention is advantageous in that an electrolyte liquid is used as a coolant for the high-capacity battery module or capacitor module and the non-encapsulated battery cells (consisting of a cathode, a separator and an anode) are packed in the chamber of the box, so that the electrolyte fluid serving as a coolant enters the chamber via a sealed tube or a sealed tube and leaves the chamber. When charging / discharging the battery, the heat generated by the battery cells can get together with the electrolyte liquid in the heat exchanger on the other side of the box and cooled there. In this way, the heating problem arising during charging / discharging of the high-power battery module or capacitor module can be solved, and the service life of the battery and / or the capacitor system can also be prolonged thereby. moreover The device for automatically balancing the ion concentration ensures that the ion concentration of the electrodes of the non-encapsulated battery cells is kept stable in order to avoid that the capacity of the battery is reduced by reducing the number of lithium ions. This results in a longer service life of the battery or the capacitor module.

list of figures

• 1 shows a schematic representation of the structure of an embodiment of a Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormoduls invention,
• 2 shows a schematic representation of the structure of a further embodiment of a Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormoduls invention,
• 3 shows a schematic representation of the structure of a further embodiment of a Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormoduls invention,
• 4 shows a schematic representation of a partial structure of the invention, wherein the construction of an embodiment of a box is illustrated,
• 5 shows a schematic representation of a partial structure of the invention, wherein the construction of an embodiment of a charging device is illustrated, and
• 6 shows a schematic representation of a partial structure of the invention, wherein the construction of an embodiment of a vehicle mounted on a heat exchange unit is illustrated.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

In the following, objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of embodiments and the accompanying drawings. However, the invention is not limited to this description and the accompanying drawings.

As in 1 is shown, the Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormodul according to an embodiment of the invention consists of a box 10 , an electrolyte fluid 20 , not encapsulated battery cells 30 and a heat exchange unit 40 ,

It is inside the box 10 a chamber 11 intended. The box 40 has an entrance 12 and an exit 13 on that with the interior of the chamber 11 stay in contact. The box 10 may be a rigid or compliant container.

The chamber 11 is with the electrolyte fluid 20 filled. The electrolyte fluid 20 can through the entrance 12 the chamber 11 in the chamber 11 enter and through the exit 13 the chamber 11 the chamber 11 leave.

The non-encapsulated battery cells 30 (usually a cathode, a separator and an anode) are connected in series and / or in parallel and in the chamber 11 of the box 10 appropriate. The battery cells 30 are in the electrolyte fluid 20 immersed. The negative poles of the battery cells 30 are to a first electrode 21 on the outside of the box 10 electrically connected, and the positive poles of the battery cells 30 are connected to a second electrode 22 on the outside of the box 10 electrically connected.

The heat exchange unit 40 is at the entrance 12 and the exit 13 of the box 10 connected and forms together with the chamber 11 a closed fluid circulation space. The heat exchange unit 40 circulating through the exit 13 the electrolyte fluid 20 out of the chamber 20 out, further lowers the temperature of the chamber 11 leaving the electrolyte fluid 20 and then conveys the cooled electrolyte fluid 20 through the entrance 12 in the chamber 11 back.

In one embodiment, the heat exchange unit comprises 40 a heat exchanger 41 and a pump 42 , The heat exchanger 41 and the pump 42 are each via a line to the entrance 12 and the exit 13 of the box 10 connected. The heat when charging / discharging the battery cells 30 arises, is first through the electrolyte fluid 20 added. Next carries the pump 42 circulating the electrolyte fluid 20 that has absorbed heat through the outlet 13 out of the chamber 11 out. Then the heat exchanger lowers 41 the temperature of the chamber 11 leaving the electrolyte fluid 20 , and the cooled electrolyte fluid 20 will continue through the entrance 12 in the chamber 11 conveyed back. The electrolyte fluid serving as a coolant 20 can also have a sealed tube or a sealed tube in the chamber 11 enter and the chamber 11 leave. When charging / discharging the battery can through the battery cells 30 generated heat together with the electrolyte liquid 20 in the heat exchanger 41 outside the chamber 11 reach. In this way, the heating problem arising during charging / discharging of the high-power battery module or capacitor module can be solved, and the service life of the battery and / or the capacitor system can thereby also be extended.

In a further preferred embodiment according to 2 The high capacity battery module or capacitor module according to the invention further comprises an apparatus for automatically balancing the ion concentration 50 , What device of determining the ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid 20 serves and at a detected low ion concentration, the chamber 11 or the heat exchanger 41 with the same electrolyte fluid 20 refilled with high concentration. Thus, the ion concentration of the electrodes of the non-encapsulated battery cells 30 be kept stable in order to avoid that the capacity of the battery is reduced by reducing the number of lithium ions. This results in a longer service life of the battery or the capacitor module. The device for automatic compensation of the ion concentration 50 includes a detector 53 , which determines the ion concentration of the electrolyte fluid 20 serves as well as a first container 51 which involves storing an electrolyte fluid 20 with high ion concentration serves and a second container 52 which involves storing an electrolyte fluid 20 with low ion concentration serves. The device further comprises a distributor 54 which is the first container 51 , the second container 52 and the chamber 11 or the heat exchanger 41 is connected, the distributor 54 the chamber 11 optionally with the electrolyte fluid 20 of high ion concentration in the first container 51 or the electrolyte fluid 20 of low ion concentration in the second vessel 52 refills. The device for automatic compensation of the ion concentration 50 further comprises a control circuit 55 to which the detector 53 and the distributor 54 are electrically connected, wherein the control circuit according to the determined by the detector ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid in the chamber controls the manifold to refill the chamber with the electrolyte liquid with high ion concentration in the first container or the electrolyte liquid with low ion concentration in the second container. The control circuit 55 controls according to the by the detector 53 determined ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid 20 the distributor 54 to the chamber 11 with the electrolyte liquid with high ion concentration in the first container 51 or the low ion concentration electrolyte liquid in the second container 52 refill. For example, this is due to the fact that the distributor 54 via a line to the chamber 11 or the heat exchanger 41 allows refilling the ions and balancing the ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid 20 in the heat exchanger 41 or in the chamber 11 perform.

In a further preferred embodiment according to 3 The high power battery module or capacitor module according to the invention further comprises a charging device 60 connected to an external power source P , a first electrode 21 and a second electrode 22 electrically connected. The loading device 60 charges the battery cells 30 with the power from the external power source P on.

On the one hand, the present invention provides a high performance accumulator module for vehicles. In a preferred embodiment of the invention is in the chamber 11 a variety of battery cells 30 used, which are connected in series and / or in parallel, wherein the negative terminals of the battery cells 30 to the first electrode 21 and the positive poles of the battery cells 30 to the second electrode 22 are electrically connected, whereby a battery module, also called battery pack is formed. In general, a plurality of battery modules / battery packs is mounted in a vehicle, wherein a closed fluid circulation space can be formed by the fact that the input 12 and the exit 13 the Akkumodule / Akkupakete each via a line to the line of the heat exchange unit 40 be connected. Thus, the battery cells can 30 also be cooled.

Of course it is possible the battery cells 30 by high performance capacitors, which can also be used to store electrical energy to replace, where the high performance capacitors in other systems that require high power current, can be used.

4 shows an embodiment in which the box 10 a rigid plastic / metal container. In a preferred embodiment is on the outside of the box 10 a first interface for electrical connectors 14 arranged adjacent to the first and second electrodes 21 . 22 electrically connected. In one embodiment, the first interface is for electrical connectors 14 with two first electrodes 21 and two second electrodes 22 Provided. The first interface for electrical connectors 14 at the same time serves as an interface for charging and for the output of electrical energy. The loading device 60 can via a first power cable 61 to the one pair of the first and second electrodes 21 . 22 the first interface for electrical connectors 14 be electrically connected to the battery cells 30 to be charged with electricity. The current load (eg by the electric motor of a vehicle) can be connected via a second power cable 62 to the other pair of the first and second electrodes 21 . 22 the first interface for electrical connectors 14 be electrically connected, thus using the electrical energy of the battery cells 30 ,

Preferably, the heat exchanger 41 on the front of a car or electric vehicle (see 6 ), the Temperature of the electrolyte fluid 20 is lowered by air or water cooling. Next is the cooled electrolyte liquid 20 through the entrance 12 in the chamber 11 conveyed back. In this way, when charging / discharging the battery cells 30 generated heat using the electrolyte fluid 20 derived to the battery cells 30 to cool and to regulate the temperature.

When using the Hochleistungsakkumodul or -kondensatormodul invention is the heat exchanger 41 in a further preferred embodiment of a charging station A attached, as in 5 is shown. The charging station A has a loading gun 70 on, in which a first fluid connection 71 and a second fluid port 72 are incorporated, wherein the first fluid port 71 to the entrance 12 of the box 10 and the second fluid port 72 to the exit 13 of the box 10 is to be connected. Usually the loading gun 70 via a charging interface mounted on the outside of the chassis of the electric vehicle 63 to the entrance 12 and the exit 13 of the box 10 connected (see 4 ). For example, the charging interface 63 with one to the first fluid port 71 to be connected first quick connection 64 and one to the second fluid port 72 to be connected second quick connection 65 provided, wherein the first and second quick connector 64 . 65 again in each case via a line 641 . 651 at the entrance 12 and the exit 13 are connected. The heat exchange medium input and output at the charging station A attached heat exchanger 41 the heat exchange unit 40 are respectively to the first and second fluid port 71 . 72 (preferably designed as a quick connection) of the charging gun 70 the charging station A connected. So it is also possible, the battery cells 30 when charging the vehicle through the charging station A through the at the charging station A attached heat exchange unit 40 to cool.

In the case of the high-capacity accumulator module or capacitor module according to the invention and the charging device according to the invention for this purpose, the charging device is 60 preferably mounted on a vehicle, the loading device 60 is electrically connected to the generator of the vehicle, wherein the electrical energy generated by the generator serves as an external power source.

In an advantageous development of the high-performance accumulator module or capacitor module according to the invention and the charging device according to the invention for this purpose, the charging device 60 at the charging station A arranged, the loading device 60 is electrically connected to the mains power, as an external power source for the charging device 60 serves. The loading pistol 70 also has a charging plug 73 which can be electrically connected to the charging interface provided on the outside of the chassis of the electric vehicle. The battery cells 30 be with the of the charging station A charged external power source is charged.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but rather modifications are possible in the manner that individual features omitted or other combinations of features can be realized as long as the scope of protection of the appended claims is not abandoned. The disclosure of the present invention includes all combinations of the featured individual features.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

box

11

chamber

12

entrance

13

exit

14

first interface for electrical connectors

15

second interface for electrical connectors

20

electrolyte fluid

21

first electrode

22

second electrode

30

battery cell

40

Heat exchange unit

41

heat exchangers

42

pump

50

Device for automatic compensation of the ion concentration

51

first container

52

second container

53

detector

54

distributor

55

Control circuit

60

loader

61

first power cable

62

second power cable

63

Loading interface

64

first quick connection

641

management

65

second quick connection

651

management

70

loading pistol

71

first fluid connection

72

second fluid connection

73

charging plug

A

charging station

P

external power source

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2011/0059347 A1 [0005]
• CN 202076386 U [0005]
• US 2010/0279154 A1 [0005]

Claims (15)

High performance battery module or capacitor module with - a box (10) in which a chamber (11) is provided, the box (10) having an inlet (12) and an outlet (13) communicating with the interior of the chamber (11); - An electrolyte liquid (20), with which the chamber (11) is filled, wherein the electrolyte liquid (20) through the inlet (12) of the chamber (11) enter the chamber (11) and through the outlet (13) of the chamber (11) leave the chamber (11); non-encapsulated battery cells (30) mounted in the chamber (11) of the box (10), the battery cells (30) being immersed in the electrolyte liquid (20), a first electrode (21) on the outside of the box (10) arranged and electrically connected to the positive terminals of the battery cells (30) and a second electrode (22) on the outside of the box (10) and is electrically connected to the negative terminals of the battery cells (30); and - A heat exchange unit (40) which is connected to the input (12) and the output (13) of the box (10) so that the heat exchange unit (40) and the chamber (11) together form a sealed fluid circulation chamber, wherein the heat exchange unit (40) circulating through the outlet (13) the electrolyte liquid (20) out of the chamber (11), further lowering the temperature of the chamber (11) leaving the electrolyte liquid (20) and then the cooled electrolyte liquid (20) through the entrance ( 12) back into the chamber (11). Heavy-duty battery module or capacitor module after Claim 1 , characterized in that the box (10) is a rigid or compliant container. Heavy-duty battery module or capacitor module after Claim 1 characterized in that the high power battery module or capacitor module comprises an ion concentration automatic compensation device (50) comprising: - a detector (53) for determining the ion concentration of the electrolyte fluid (20) in the chamber (11) ; a first container (51) for storing a high ion concentration electrolyte fluid (20); a second container (52) for storing a low ion concentration electrolyte fluid (20); - A manifold (54) which is connected to the first container (51), the second container (52) and the chamber (11), wherein the manifold (54) the chamber (11) optionally with the electrolyte liquid (20) high ion concentration in the first container (51) or the electrolyte liquid (20) with low ion concentration in the second container (52) refills; and - a control circuit (55), to which the detector (53) and the distributor (54) are electrically connected, wherein the control circuit (55) in accordance with the determined by the detector (53) ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid (20) in the chamber ( 11) drives the manifold (54) to replenish the chamber (11) with the high ion concentration electrolyte liquid (20) in the first container (51) or the low ion concentration electrolyte liquid (20) in the second container (52). Heavy-duty battery module or capacitor module after Claim 1 or 3 characterized in that the high power battery module or capacitor module comprises a charging device (60) electrically connected to an external power source (P), the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22), the charging device (60) Charges battery cells (30) with the power of the external power source (P). Heavy-duty battery module or capacitor module after Claim 1 characterized in that the heat exchange unit (40) comprises a heat exchanger (41) and a pump (42) each connected via a conduit to the inlet (12) and the outlet (13) of the box (10) Pump (42) the electrolyte liquid (20) circulating through the output (13) from the chamber (11), wherein the temperature of the chamber (11) leaving the electrolyte liquid (20) through the heat exchanger (41) is lowered and the cooled electrolyte liquid (20) is finally fed back through the entrance (12) in the chamber (11). Heavy-duty battery module or capacitor module after Claim 1 characterized in that the heat exchange unit (40) is mounted on a charging station (A), the charging station (A) having a charging gun (70) in which a first fluid port (71) and a second fluid port (72) are installed, wherein the first fluid port (71) is connectable to the inlet (12) of the box (10) and the second fluid port (72) is connectable to the outlet (13) of the box (10), the heat exchange medium inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger ( 41) of the heat exchange unit (40) are respectively connected to the first and second fluid connection (71, 72) of the charging gun (70) of the charging station (A). A high performance battery module or capacitor module for vehicles and a charging apparatus therefor, comprising: - a box (10) in which a chamber (11) is provided, the box (10) having an entrance (12) and an outlet (13) communicating with the interior of the chamber (11); - An electrolyte fluid (20), with which the chamber (11) is filled, wherein the electrolyte liquid (20) through the inlet (12) of the chamber (11) enter the chamber (11) and through the outlet (13) of the chamber (11) leave the chamber (11); non-encapsulated battery cells (30) mounted in the chamber (11) of the box (10), the battery cells (30) being immersed in the electrolyte liquid (20), a first electrode (21) on the outside of the box (10) arranged and electrically connected to the positive terminals of the battery cells (30) and a second electrode (22) on the outside of the box (10) and is electrically connected to the negative terminals of the battery cells (30); a heat exchange unit (40) connected to the inlet (12) and the outlet (13) of the box (10) such that the heat exchange unit (40) and the chamber (11) together form a sealed fluid circulation space, the heat exchange unit (40) circulating through the outlet (13) the electrolyte liquid (20) out of the chamber (11), further lowering the temperature of the chamber (11) leaving the electrolyte liquid (20) and then the cooled electrolyte liquid (20) through the entrance ( 12) returned to the chamber (11); and - a charging device (60) electrically connected to an external power source (P), the first electrode (21) and the second electrode (22), the charging device (60) connecting the battery cells (30) to the power of the external ones Power source (P) is charging. High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 7 , characterized in that the box (10) is a rigid or compliant container. High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 7 characterized in that the heat exchange unit (40) comprises a heat exchanger (41) and a pump (42) each connected via a conduit to the inlet (12) and the outlet (13) of the box (10) Pump (42) the electrolyte liquid (20) circulating through the output (13) from the chamber (11), wherein the temperature of the chamber (11) leaving the electrolyte liquid (20) through the heat exchanger (41) is lowered and the cooled electrolyte liquid (20) is finally fed back through the entrance (12) in the chamber (11). High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 7 characterized in that the heat exchanger (41) is locatable at the front of a vehicle and the temperature of the electrolyte fluid (20) is lowered by air or water cooling, wherein the cooled electrolyte fluid (20) continues through the inlet (12) into the chamber (11) is returned. High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 7 characterized in that the heat exchange unit (40) is mounted on a charging station (A), the charging station (A) having a charging gun (70) in which a first fluid port (71) and a second fluid port (72) are installed, wherein the first fluid port (71) is connectable to the inlet (12) of the box (10) and the second fluid port (72) is connectable to the outlet (13) of the box (10), the heat exchange medium inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger ( 41) of the heat exchange unit (40) are respectively connected to the first and second fluid connection (71, 72) of the charging gun (70) of the charging station (A). High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 11 characterized in that the high power battery module or capacitor module comprises an automatic ion concentration compensation device (50) mounted on the charging column (A), comprising: - a detector (53) for determining the ion concentration of the electrolyte fluid (20) in the chamber (11) is used; a first container (51) for storing a high ion concentration electrolyte fluid (20); a second container (52) for storing a low ion concentration electrolyte fluid (20); a manifold (54) connected to the first reservoir (51), the second reservoir (52) and the chamber (11), the manifold (54) communicating with the first and second fluid ports (71, 72) Chamber (11) is connected, wherein the chamber (11) optionally with the electrolyte liquid (20) with high ion concentration in the first container (51) or the electrolyte liquid (20) with low ion concentration in the second container (52) refilled; and - a control circuit (55), to which the detector (53) and the distributor (54) are electrically connected, wherein the control circuit (55) in accordance with the determined by the detector (53) ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid (20) in the chamber ( 11) drives the manifold (54) to replenish the chamber (11) with the high ion concentration electrolyte liquid (20) in the first container (51) or the low ion concentration electrolyte liquid (20) in the second container (52). High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 7 , characterized in that the High-capacity battery module or capacitor module comprising an apparatus for automatically compensating the ion concentration (50), comprising: - a detector (53) which serves to determine the ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid (20) in the chamber (11); a first container (51) for storing a high ion concentration electrolyte fluid (20); a second container (52) for storing a low ion concentration electrolyte fluid (20); - A manifold (54) which is connected to the first container (51), the second container (52) and the chamber (11), wherein the manifold (54) the chamber (11) optionally with the electrolyte liquid (20) high ion concentration in the first container (51) or the electrolyte liquid (20) with low ion concentration in the second container (52) refills; and - a control circuit (55), to which the detector (53) and the distributor (54) are electrically connected, wherein the control circuit (55) in accordance with the determined by the detector (53) ion concentration of the electrolyte liquid (20) in the chamber ( 11) drives the manifold (54) to replenish the chamber (11) with the high ion concentration electrolyte liquid (20) in the first container (51) or the low ion concentration electrolyte liquid (20) in the second container (52). High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 7 , characterized in that the charging device (60) is arranged on the charging column (A), which is electrically connected to the mains current, which serves as an external power source (P) for the charging device (60). High capacity battery module or capacitor module and charging device therefor Claim 7 , characterized in that the charging device (60) is mounted on the vehicle and electrically connected to the generator of the vehicle, wherein the electrical energy generated by the generator serves as an external power source (P).

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