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DE102017200749A1 - Layer system with two intermediate layers and methods - Google Patents

Layer system with two intermediate layers and methods Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102017200749A1
DE102017200749A1 DE102017200749.4A DE102017200749A DE102017200749A1 DE 102017200749 A1 DE102017200749 A1 DE 102017200749A1 DE 102017200749 A DE102017200749 A DE 102017200749A DE 102017200749 A1 DE102017200749 A1 DE 102017200749A1
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Prior art keywords
solder
layer
intermediate layer
base material
solder material
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DE102017200749.4A
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German (de)
Inventor
Bernd Burbaum
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
    • B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0018—Brazing of turbine parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
    • B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3046—Co as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/238—Soldering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/307—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the tip of a rotor blade

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

Durch die Verwendung eines zweischichtigen Aufbaus bei dem jeweils eine Zwischenschicht mit einem Lotwerkstoff vorhanden ist, wird ein guter und rissfreier Schweißaufbau erzeugt.By using a two-layer structure in which an intermediate layer is present with a solder material, a good and crack-free weld structure is produced.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen zweistufigen Schichtaufbau insbesondere beim Auftragsschweißen und Verfahren.The invention relates to a two-stage layer structure, in particular during build-up welding and methods.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere die Beschichtung der Schaufelspitze von Turbinenschaufeln unter Verwendung des Laserstrahl-Auftragsschweißens aus Werkstoffen mit großem Anteil an intermetallischer Phase, die mit bisher eingesetzten Verfahren nicht geschweißt werden können. Als einziger Zusatzwerkstoff wurde bisher ein Werkstoff qualifiziert, der jedoch im Vergleich mit dem Grundwerkstoff über einen kleineren Anteil an intermetallischer Phase verfügt.In particular, the invention relates to the coating of the blade tip of turbine blades using the laser beam build-up welding of materials with a high proportion of intermetallic phase, which can not be welded with previously used methods. The only filler material to date has been a material which, however, has a smaller proportion of intermetallic phase in comparison with the base material.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, obiges Problem zu lösen.It is therefore an object of the invention to solve the above problem.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Schichtaufbau gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 6.The object is achieved by a layer structure according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 6.

In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden können, um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen.In the dependent claims further advantageous measures are listed, which can be combined with each other in order to achieve further advantages.

Erste Vorversuche mit schichtweisem Aufbau von Lotwerkstoff und Grundwerkstoff zeigten vielversprechende Ergebnisse, so dass eine strukturelle Reparatur mit einem hoch γ`-haltigen Schweißzusatzwerkstoff möglich ist.First preliminary tests with layered structure of solder material and base material showed promising results, so that a structural repair with a highly γ`-containing filler metal is possible.

Zudem wird mit der Kobalt-Basislegierung ein optimaler Oxidationsschutz an einer äußersten Spitze der Turbinenschaufel erzielt.In addition, the cobalt-based alloy achieves optimum oxidation protection at an outermost tip of the turbine blade.

Durch einen gradierten zweistufigen Aufbau einer Turbinenschaufelspitze mit zwei Schweißzusatzwerkstoffen und einem Lotwerkstoff soll eine spannungsarme und damit rissfreie Anbindung in einem abschließenden Lötprozess erzielt werden. By means of a graded two-stage construction of a turbine blade tip with two filler metals and a solder material, a low-stress and thus crack-free connection in a final soldering process is to be achieved.

Vorgeschlagen wird vorzugsweise ein Aufbau wie folgt:Preferably, a structure is proposed as follows:

Die Schaufelspitze wird dabei in den geschädigten Bereichen abgefräst, so dass Risse und Oxide für eine anschließende Beschichtung vollständig entfernt werden.The blade tip is thereby milled in the damaged areas, so that cracks and oxides are completely removed for a subsequent coating.

Anschließend wird mittels Laserstrahl-Auftragschweißen unter Verwendung von insbesondere drei Pulverwerkstoffen die Schaufelspitze wieder aufgebaut.Subsequently, the blade tip is rebuilt by laser deposition welding using in particular three powder materials.

Der schichtweise Aufbau gliedert sich in vier Schritte mit vorzugsweise folgenden Maßnahmen:

  • Schritt 1:
    • In einer ersten Schicht wird dabei der Grundwerkstoff oder ein artgleicher Werkstoff mit einem Lotwerkstoff gemischt und aufgebracht, so dass Risse in der ersten Schicht während der Wärmebehandlung vermieden und/oder verlötet werden.
  • Schritt 2:
    • In der zweiten Schicht wird reiner Grundwerkstoff oder der artgleiche Werkstoff als struktureller Werkstoff aufgetragen.
  • Schritt 3:
    • In der dritten Schicht wird Lotwerkstoff mit einem oxidationsbeständigen, vorzugsweise Kobalt-Basis-Werkstoff gemischt. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Nickelbasis und Kobaltbasis sollen hier Spannungsrisse während des Schweißprozesses in der anschließenden Wärmebehandlung verkleinert werden.
  • Schritt 4:
    • Abschließend wird mit einer Beschichtung vorzugsweise aus Kobalt-Basislegierung ein optimaler Oxidationsschutz an der Spitze der Turbinenschaufel erzielt.
The layered structure is divided into four steps with preferably the following measures:
  • Step 1:
    • In a first layer while the base material or a material of the same material is mixed with a solder material and applied, so that cracks in the first layer during the heat treatment can be avoided and / or soldered.
  • Step 2:
    • In the second layer, pure base material or the material of the same material is applied as a structural material.
  • Step 3:
    • In the third layer solder material is mixed with an oxidation-resistant, preferably cobalt-based material. Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of nickel-based and cobalt base, stress cracks during the welding process are to be reduced in the subsequent heat treatment.
  • Step 4:
    • Finally, with a coating, preferably of cobalt-based alloy, optimum oxidation protection is achieved at the tip of the turbine blade.

Die vier Schichten sind vorzugsweise direkt aufeinander folgend aufgebracht und auch vorzugsweise direkt auf dem Substrat.The four layers are preferably applied directly one after another and also preferably directly on the substrate.

In einen abschließenden Hochtemperaturlötprozess wird eine spannungsarme und damit rissfreie Anbindung erzielt. Erstarrungs- und Wiederaufschmelzrisse werden mit der Kombination Lot-/Schweißwerkstoff verschlossen.In a final high-temperature soldering process, a tension-free and therefore crack-free connection is achieved. Solidification and re-melting cracks are closed with the combination solder / welding material.

Die Figur zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbau.The figure shows a layer structure according to the invention.

In der Figur ist ein Bauteil 1 mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Schichtaufbau dargestellt.In the figure is a component 1 represented with a layer structure according to the invention.

Das Bauteil 1 weist ein Substrat 4 auf.The component 1 has a substrate 4 on.

Das Substrat 4 ist insbesondere ein nickelbasierter oder kobaltbasierter Superlegierungs-Basiswerkstoff, ganz insbesondere nickelbasiert.The substrate 4 is in particular a nickel-based or cobalt-based superalloy base material, in particular nickel-based.

Auf die Oberfläche 5 des Substrats 4 soll ein Schweißaufbau stattfinden, der insbesondere bei einem Turbinenbauteil, wie einer Gasturbine, die Schaufelspitze darstellt.On the surface 5 of the substrate 4 should take place a weld, which represents the blade tip, in particular in a turbine component, such as a gas turbine.

Als erste Schicht wird eine erste dünne Zwischenschicht 7 aus einer Mischung eines Lotwerkstoffs und des Grundwerkstoffs des Substrats 4 bzw. artgleicher Werkstoff aufgebracht.The first layer is a first thin intermediate layer 7 from a mixture of a solder material and the base material of the substrate 4 or similar material applied.

Lotwerkstoff bedeutet in dem Fall, dass er eine um mindestens 10K, insbesondere 20K niedrigere Schmelztemperatur aufweist als der Grundwerkstoff bzw. als der artgleiche Werkstoff.Lotmaterial means in the case that it has a by at least 10K, in particular 20K lower melting temperature than the base material or as the same material.

Auf dieser ersten dünnen Zwischenschicht 7 wird eine dicke, innere Auftragsschicht 10 aus dem Grundwerkstoff oder aus einem artgleichen Werkstoff aufgetragen.On this first thin intermediate layer 7 becomes a thick, inner coating layer 10 made of the base material or of a similar material.

Als weitere zweite, dünne Zwischenschicht 11 wird eine Mischung aus dem Lotwerkstoff und einem weiteren Werkstoff aufgetragen, wobei der weitere Werkstoff von dem Grundwerkstoff bzw. von den artgleichen Werkstoffen und dem Lotwerkstoff verschieden ist, aber ebenfalls einen höheren Schmelzpunkt, (≥ 10K, insbesondere ≥ 20K), als der Lotwerkstoff aufweist.As another second, thin intermediate layer 11 a mixture of the brazing material and a further material is applied, wherein the other material is different from the base material or from the same materials and the solder material, but also a higher melting point, (≥ 10K, in particular ≥ 20K), as the solder material ,

Der weitere Werkstoff ist insbesondere kobaltbasiert.The other material is especially cobalt-based.

Als letztere äußere Schicht 14 mit einer äußersten Oberfläche 17 wird eine dicke Auftragsschicht aus dem weiteren Werkstoff aufgebracht.As the latter outer layer 14 with an outermost surface 17 a thick coating layer of the further material is applied.

Die innere Auftragsschicht und die äußere Auftragsschicht sind vorzugsweise jeweils dicker als die Zwischenschichten aus den Mischungen von Lotwerkstoff und Grundwerkstoff bzw. weiterer Werkstoff.The inner application layer and the outer application layer are preferably each thicker than the intermediate layers of the mixtures of solder material and base material or further material.

Dicker bedeutet mindestens 20% dicker.Thicker means at least 20% thicker.

Der Anteil des Lotwerkstoffs in der Mischung beträgt mindestens 10 Gew.-% insbesondere maximal 50 Gew.-%.The proportion of the solder material in the mixture is at least 10 wt .-%, in particular at most 50 wt .-%.

Die Schichten werden durch ein Schweißverfahren aufgebracht, insbesondere durch ein Laserpulverauftragsschweißen.The layers are applied by a welding process, in particular by laser powder build-up welding.

„Verschieden“ bei Legierungen bedeutet, dass zumindest ein Legierungselement mehr oder weniger vorhanden ist oder der Anteil zumindest eines Legierungselements sich um mindestens 10%, insbesondere mindestens 20%, unterscheidet."Different" in alloys means that at least one alloying element is more or less present or the proportion of at least one alloying element differs by at least 10%, in particular at least 20%.

„Artgleich“ bedeutet verschieden, hat aber einen um mindestens 10% niedrigeren γ-Anteil."Identical" means different, but has at least 10% lower γ-share.

Claims (6)

Bauteil (1) mit zwei Auftragsschichten (10, 14) und zwei Zwischenschichten (7, 11), zumindest aufweisend: ein Substrat (4) aus einem Grundwerkstoff, insbesondere aus einer nickelbasierten Superlegierung, eine erste dünne Zwischenschicht (7) aus einer Mischung des Grundwerkstoffs oder eines artgleichen Werkstoffs und einem Lotwerkstoff auf dem Substrat (4), insbesondere direkt auf dem Substrat (4), wobei Lotwerkstoff bedeutet, dass der Lotwerkstoff einen um mindestens 10K, insbesondere um mindestens 20K niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt aufweist als der Grundwerkstoff oder als der artgleiche Werkstoff, wobei die erste dünne Zwischenschicht (7) insbesondere aus Grundwerkstoff und/oder artgleicher Werkstoff sowie Lotwerkstoff besteht, sowie nickel- oder kobaltbasiert ist, wobei eine innere Auftragsschicht (10) aus dem Grundwerkstoff oder eines artgleichen Werkstoffs auf der ersten dünnen Zwischenschicht (7) vorhanden ist, insbesondere direkt auf der ersten dünnen Zwischenschicht (7) vorhanden ist, eine weitere zweite dünne Zwischenschicht (11) auf der inneren Auftragsschicht (10) aus dem Lotwerkstoff und einem weiteren Werkstoff aufgebracht ist, insbesondere direkt auf der inneren Auftragsschicht (10) vorhanden ist, wobei die zweite dünne Zwischenschicht (11) insbesondere aus dem Lotwerkstoff und einem weiteren Werkstoff besteht, wobei der weitere Werkstoff von dem Grundwerkstoff, dem artgleichen Werkstoff und dem Lotwerkstoff verschieden ist und ebenfalls einen um mindestens 10K höheren Schmelzpunkt als der Lotwerkstoff aufweist, sowie eine äußere Auftragsschicht (14) aus dem weiteren Werkstoff auf der zweiten inneren Zwischenschicht (11), insbesondere direkt auf der zweiten inneren Zwischenschicht (11), insbesondere nur aus dem weiteren Werkstoff besteht.Component (1) with two application layers (10, 14) and two intermediate layers (7, 11), comprising at least: a substrate (4) of a base material, in particular of a nickel-based superalloy, a first thin intermediate layer (7) made of a mixture of the base material or a similar material and a solder material on the substrate (4), in particular directly on the substrate (4), wherein solder material means that the solder material has a melting point which is at least 10K, in particular at least 20K lower, than the base material or as the material of the same kind, wherein the first thin intermediate layer (7) consists in particular of base material and / or similar material and solder material, as well as nickel- or cobalt-based, wherein an inner coating layer (10) made of the base material or a similar material is present on the first thin intermediate layer (7), in particular directly on the first thin intermediate layer (7) is present, a further second thin intermediate layer (11) is applied on the inner application layer (10) made of the solder material and a further material, in particular directly on the inner coating layer (10) is present, wherein the second thin intermediate layer (11) consists in particular of the solder material and a further material, wherein the further material is different from the base material, the similar material and the solder material and also has a melting point at least 10K higher than the solder material, and an outer application layer (14) of the further material on the second inner intermediate layer (11), in particular directly on the second inner intermediate layer (11), in particular consists only of the further material. Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der weitere Werkstoff eine kobaltbasierte Legierung darstellt.Component after Claim 1 , in which the further material represents a cobalt-based alloy. Bauteil nach einem oder beiden der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem die äußere Auftragsschicht (14) und die innere Auftragsschicht (10) dicker, insbesondere zumindest 20% dicker, ausgeführt ist als die jeweils beiden anderen Zwischenschichten (7, 11).Component after one or both of the Claims 1 or 2 in which the outer application layer (14) and the inner application layer (10) are thicker, in particular at least 20% thicker, than the respective two other intermediate layers (7, 11). Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, bei dem die Schichten (7, 10, 11, 14) auftragsgeschweißt sind.Component according to one or more of Claims 1 . 2 or 3 in which the layers (7, 10, 11, 14) are job-welded. Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2 3 oder 4, bei dem der Anteil des Lotwerkstoffs in der Mischung mindestens 10 Gew.-% beträgt, insbesondere maximal 50 Gew.-% beträgt.Component according to one or more of Claims 1 . 2 3 or 4, in which the proportion of the solder material in the mixture is at least 10 wt .-%, in particular at most 50 wt .-% is. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils, insbesondere eines Bauteils nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem anschließend eine Wärmebehandlung durchgeführt wird, bei dem auftragsgeschweißte Lotwerkstoffe einen Lötprozess initiieren. Method for producing a component, in particular a component according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 5 in which a heat treatment is subsequently carried out in which the order-welded solder materials initiate a soldering process.
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