DE102017123040A1 - Method and control device for operating a system of several internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal operation of a system of several internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn) along a composite of several sections (X1, X2, Xi) total distance or over a composite of several time periods total operating time. For the operation of the system, at least one map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) is provided, each map specifying a specific resource consumption and / or an emission output of at least one internal combustion engine via speed and power, and along the total distance of travel or over the total operating time for each internal combustion engine, the respective map is immutable. For each route segment (X1, X2, Xi) or time segment, a total power demanded for the respective route segment or time segment is divided among the individual internal combustion engines into partial outputs (Pbis P). For each line segment (X1, X2, Xi) or time segment, speed-dependent cost vectors (Kbis K) and / or emission vectors are determined for each internal combustion engine and for each map, whereby from each of these vectors that speed and those costs and / or emissions for the associated map and the associated route section or time section is determined, for which the associated internal combustion engine is operated cost-optimally and / or emission-optimal provision of the respective partial power. For each map and each internal combustion engine, the sum of the costs and / or the total emissions over all sections or periods of time is determined and preferably determined that map for which the respective internal combustion engine along the total distance or over the total operating time cost optimized and / or optimized emission. Depending on the cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal map of each internal combustion engine, the total cost or total emissions are determined, which is minimized as a target size.

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating a system of several internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device for carrying out the method.

From marine applications systems of several coupled internal combustion engines are known, which are coupled in such a way that partial drive powers provided by the internal combustion engines are taken from at least one common consumer. The partial drive powers provided by the internal combustion engines of the system thereby provide in total a total power which is taken from the or each common consumer. The respective consumer may be a mechanical consumer or an electrical consumer or a hydraulic consumer, wherein in the case of a common mechanical load of mechanically coupled internal combustion engines, in the case of a common electrical load of electrically coupled internal combustion engines and in the case of common hydraulic consumer speaks of hydraulically coupled internal combustion engines. Thus, it is known from ship applications that a system of mechanically coupled internal combustion engines mechanically drives a ship propeller as a common mechanical consumer. Furthermore, it is known that a system of electrically coupled internal combustion engines drives a generator for generating electrical energy as a common electrical consumer, wherein the generated electrical energy can be used for example for driving an electric motor and / or other consumer. It is also possible that internal combustion engines are mechanically and / or electrically and / or hydraulically coupled depending on the design of a plurality of common consumers.

From the DE 10 2014 017 500 A1 a method for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines is known in which the provision of the required power for each running internal combustion engine determines an individual operating point and the respective internal combustion engine is operated at this individual operating point, namely such that the system in compliance with emission limits minimum Operating costs incurred.

There is a need to further improve the operation of a multiple engine system.

On this basis, the present invention has the object to provide a novel method for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines and a control device for carrying out the method.

This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. The inventive method for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines, namely for cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal operation of the system along a composite of several sections track total distance or over a composite of several time periods total operating time comprises at least the following steps:

For the operation of the system, at least one operating parameter map is provided, each operating parameter map via speed and power depending on valve timing and / or boost pressure and / or injection pressure and / or injector and / or fuel type specific resource consumption and / or a specific emission output and wherein the respective operating parameter map is fixed along the total distance of travel or over the total operating time for each internal combustion engine.

For each section of the route or period of time, a total power of the system requested for the respective section of the route or time segment is subdivided into partial performances for the individual internal combustion engines.

For each section or period of time, speed-dependent cost vectors and / or emission vectors are determined for each internal combustion engine and map, wherein from each of these cost vectors and / or emission vectors that speed and those costs and / or emissions for the associated operating parameter map and the associated Track section or period is determined, for which the associated internal combustion engine is operated cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal provision of the respective partial power.

For each operating parameter map and each internal combustion engine, the sum of the costs and / or the sum of emission emissions over all sections or periods is determined and then, if the same specifies several operating parameter maps, that operating parameter map determined for which the respective internal combustion engine along the total distance traveled or operated over the total operating time cost optimal and / or emission optimal.

Depending on the preferably cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal Operating parameter map of each internal combustion engine, the total cost / or total emissions of the system are determined, which are minimized as a target size.

In the method according to the invention, the optimization of the operation of a system of several internal combustion engines is dependent on at least one operating parameter map, which is immutable and thus constant along the total distance of travel or during the total operating time for each internal combustion engine.

Next, the optimization of the operation of the system of several internal combustion engines is dependent on sections of the total distance covered or dependent on periods of the total operating time.

With the invention it is possible, particularly advantageous to enable a cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal operation of the system of several internal combustion engines.

Preferably, a plurality of operating parameter maps are predetermined, wherein the operating parameter maps differ from one another by the valve control times and / or boost pressures and / or injection pressures and / or injector control times and / or fuel type. In particular, when operating a ship several operating parameters maps are given. With respect to any internal combustion engine, however, only one of the operating parameter maps can be used along the total distance of travel or over the entire operating time. Only after the end of the total operating time or after reaching the destination of the total distance of travel can an operating parameter map for an internal combustion engine be changed.

Preferably, an internal combustion engine-specific operating parameter map is predetermined, which is valid exclusively for the respective internal combustion engine, and / or at least one operating parameter map is predetermined, which is valid for several internal combustion engines together.

According to an advantageous development, the respective total power of the system is divided into partial powers of the internal combustion engine while minimizing the target variable in each section or period.

The control device according to the invention is defined in claim 6.

• 1: ein Blockschaltbild zur Verdeutlichung der Erfindung.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:

• 1 : a block diagram to illustrate the invention.

The invention relates to a method and a control device for operating a system of a plurality of internal combustion engines.

In particular, the invention relates to a method and a control device for operating a system of several internal combustion engines of a ship.

However, the invention is not limited to this preferred application. Rather, the system of several internal combustion engines can also be a power plant.

Then, when the method is used to operate a system of several internal combustion engines of a ship, the system is to be operated over a total distance, for example between a launch port and a destination port, cost optimal and / or emission optimal, with the The total distance between the starting port and the destination port consists of several sections, such as an exit from the starting port, a trip near the coast, a trip on the high seas and an entrance to the destination port , The above sections are purely exemplary nature. The above sections require different services.

If, as a system, a system of several internal combustion engines of a power plant is to be operated optimally and / or optimally in terms of emissions, the optimized operation takes place over a total operating time composed of a plurality of time segments, wherein the time segments may be, for example, different time segments of a day, where different services are required.

As already stated, the invention is described below for the application in which the system to be operated consists of a plurality of internal combustion engines of an internal combustion engine system of a ship operating along a composite of several sections total distance preferably cost-optimal and compliance with predetermined emission limits is.

The invention is based on the block diagram of 1 described.

In 1 clarify the blocks M1 . M2 . M3 and Mn the engine of the system several internal combustion engines, the in 1 shown system therefore has a total number n of internal combustion engines M.

Further clarified 1 in that the total distance to be covered consists of several sections of track X1 . X2 and Xi is composed.

So it may be at the track section X1 act around a harbor entrance or port exit. At the section of the route X2 It can be a trip near the coast. At the section of the route Xi it can be a trip on the high seas.

1 further shows that multiple operating parameter maps MAP1 . MAP2 . MAP3 and MAP4 be kept or given. Each of the operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 specifies a specific resource consumption and / or a specific emission output over a speed and a power, as a function of valve timing of gas exchange valves and / or as a function of boost pressure and / or as a function of injection pressure and / or as a function of injector timing and / or as Function of a fuel type. In the embodiment here are the maps with MAP1 to MAP4 Of course, the number of maps is infinitely expandable ( MAP1 . MAP2 ... MAPN , n = whole positive numbers).

Each of the operating parameter maps forms the specific resource consumption MAP1 . MAP2 . MAP3 and MAP4 a specific fuel consumption and a specific lubricating oil consumption. Then, when the exhaust gas aftertreatment engine uses an SCR catalyst in which selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides is performed using urea, each of the operating parameter maps also specifies specific urea consumption.

As a specific emission output, each operating parameter map preferably maps specific nitrogen oxide emissions as well as specific sulfur oxide emissions.

In the operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 Furthermore, speed limits for internal combustion engines can be mapped, for example minimum speeds and maximum speeds of internal combustion engines.

Then, if, as in 1 shown several operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 can be given, these operating parameters maps can differ from each other in particular by valve timing and / or boost pressures and / or injection pressures and / or injector and / or speed limits and / or fuel type.

In the 1 shown operating parameter maps MAP1 to MAP4 are in all sections X1 to Xi for all internal combustion engines M1 valid until Mn. The sections of track X1 to Xi may be allocated to specific route section emission limits. It is also possible for at least one internal combustion engine to specify at least one internal combustion engine-specific operating parameter map which is valid exclusively for the respective internal combustion engine. This is the case, for example, if at least one internal combustion engine differs significantly in terms of its design from the other internal combustion engines of the system.

For every section of the route X1 . X2 and Xi becomes one for the respective stretch of road X1 . X2 , Xi requested overall performance of the system of several internal combustion engines to the individual internal combustion engines M1 to Mn divided into partial services.

These partial services are in 1 visualized by circles, being for the stretch of road X1 the partial services P _{M1, X1} the internal combustion engine M1 . P _{M2, X1} the internal combustion engine M2 . P _{M3, X1} the internal combustion engine M3 and P _{Mn, X1} the internal combustion engine Mn are valid. The sum of the partial services P _{M1, X1} . P _{M2, X1} . P _{M3, X1} and P _{Mn, X1} So that corresponds to the section X1 requested total output.

Also for the sections X2 and Xi breaks down the respective requested total power into partial services, namely for the section of track X2 in the partial services P _{M1, X2} the internal combustion engine M1 . P _{M2, X2} the internal combustion engine X2 . P _{M3, X2} the internal combustion engine M3 and P _{Mn, X2} the internal combustion engine Mn and for the section Xi in the partial power P _{M1, Xi} for the internal combustion engine M1 . P _{M2, Xi} for the internal combustion engine M2 . P _{M3, Xi} for the internal combustion engine M3 and P _{Mn, Xi} for the internal combustion engine Mn.

The division of the for each route section X1 . X2 and Xi requested partial services P takes place via the block 30 in terms of optimization via an optimization algorithm, in particular a particle-swarm algorithm, details of a particle-swarm algorithm being familiar to the person skilled in the art and requiring no further explanation. With regard to the particle-swarm algorithm, for example, refer to the DE 10 2010 003 725 A1 directed. The selection of a suitable algorithm in the block 30 is up to the skilled in the art and is not limited to a particle-swarm algorithm.

For every section of the route X1 . X2 and Xi be for every internal combustion engine M1 . M2 . M3 and Mn for each operating parameter map MAP1 . MAP2 . MAP3 and MAP4 , for the respective internal combustion engine M1 . M2 . M3 and Mn is valid, cost vectors and / or emission vectors are determined. Im in 1 shown embodiment, corresponding cost vectors K are determined, alternatively or additionally, not shown emission vectors can be determined.

In 1 are the for each stretch of road X1 . X2 and Xi determined for each operating parameter map, speed-dependent cost vectors K only for the internal combustion engine M1 shown. In an analogous way can also for the internal combustion engines M2 . M3 and Mn corresponding cost vectors are determined. At the cost vector K _{M1, X1, MAP1} it is therefore a speed-dependent cost vector for the internal combustion engine M1 in the section of track X1 using the operating parameter map MAP1 , At the cost vector K _{M1, X2, MAP3} it is the one for the section of track X2 for the internal combustion engine M1 using the operating parameter map MAP3 determined cost vector. At the cost vector K _{M1, Xi, MAP4} this is the distance Xi using the operating parameter map MAP4 for the internal combustion engine M1 ascertained, speed-dependent cost vector. There are cost vectors K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} determined.

From these speed-dependent cost vectors K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} is via a minimization function for the respective internal combustion engine M1 until Mn determines the optimum engine speed for the respective partial power to be provided, wherein in the respective cost vector K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} This optimum speed is stored together with the associated costs.

The block 10 These cost vectors, namely for each internal combustion engine M1 to Mn in each of the sections X1 until Xi for the partial services P certain costs provided, being in the block 10 for each operating parameter map MAP1 to MAP4 and every internal combustion engine M1 until Mn the sum of the costs over all sections of the route is determined, wherein in block 20 the operating parameter map is determined for each internal combustion engine for which the respective internal combustion engine along the total distance of travel optimal and / or emission optimal M1 to Mn is operated.

In the block 30 be, as already stated, for the individual sections X1 to Xi the correspondingly requested total services in the partial services P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} split the internal combustion engine, in such a way that depending on the cost-optimal and / or optimal emission operating map of each engine specific total costs and / or total emissions of the system are minimized as a target size.

As already stated, the method can also be used to optimize a system of several internal combustion engines of a power plant over a total operating time. In this case, operating parameter maps can then be kept available which differ from one another with regard to the type of fuel to be used. As a fuel type power plants heavy oil or gas or coal or the like can be used.

The invention further relates to a control device for carrying out the method, wherein the control device automatically carries out the method according to the invention. For this purpose, the control unit has hardware-side and software-side means, the hardware-side means being data interfaces, a processor and a memory. Data interfaces are used for data exchange between the individual components, a memory is used for data storage and a processor of data processing. Software resources can be program modules which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor in order to carry out the method according to the invention.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102014017500 A1 [0003]
• DE 102010003725 A1 [0039]

Claims (10)

Method for operating a system comprising a plurality of internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn), namely for cost-optimized and / or emission-optimal operation along a total distance covered by several sections (X1, X2, Xi) or over a total operating time composed of several time segments the following steps are provided for the operation of the system, at least one operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4), each operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) relating to speed and power as a function of valve timing and / or Boost pressure and / or injection pressure and / or injector control times and / or fuel type specified specific resource consumption and / or a speculative emission of at least one internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn), and wherein along the total distance of travel or over the total operating time for each internal combustion engine (M1 , M2, M3, Mn) the respective operating parameter map (MA P1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) is immutable, for each route section (X1, X2, Xi) or for each period of time a total power of the system requested for the respective route section (X1, X2, Xi) or time segment is applied to the individual internal combustion engines (M1 , M2, M3, Mn) are subdivided into partial powers (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ) for each road section (X1, X2, Xi) or time period for each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) and for each Operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) speed-dependent cost vectors (K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, Xi, MAP4} ) and / or emission _vectors determined, wherein from each of these cost _vectors (K _{M1, Xi, MAP1} to K _Mn , _{xi, MAP4} ) and / or emission _vectors that speed and those costs and / or emissions for the associated operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) and the associated link section (X1, X2, Xi) or time section is determined for which the associated internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) under provision of the respective partial power (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ) is operated optimally in terms of cost and / or emission optimum, for each operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) and each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn), the sum of the costs and / or the sum of the emissions over all sections (X1, X2, Xi) or time segments is determined and then, if a plurality of operating parameter maps (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) are given, that operating parameter- Map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) determines, for which the respective internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) along the total distance of travel or over the total operating time cost optimal and / or emission optimized operates, depending on the preferably cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal Operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) of each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn), the total cost or total emissions of the system are determined, which are minimized as a target size. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the plurality of operating parameter maps (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) differ from each other by valve timing and / or boost pressures and / or injection pressures and / or injector timing and / or fuels. Method according to Claim 2 , characterized in that for at least one internal combustion engine at least one internal combustion engine individual and operating parameter map is given, which is valid exclusively for the respective internal combustion engine. Method according to Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that at least one operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) is specified, which is common to a plurality of internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that in each section (X1, X2, Xi) or period, the respective total power of the system minimization of the target size in partial powers (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ) of the internal combustion engine is divided. Control unit of a system of several internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn), which for cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal operation of the system along a composite of several sections (X1, X2, Xi) total distance or over a composite of several time periods total operating time at least one Operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4), each operating parameter map on speed and power as a function of valve timing and / or boost pressure and / or injection pressure and / or injector and / or fuel type specific resource consumption and / or a specified speculative emission output of at least one internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn), and wherein along the total distance of travel or over the total operating time for each internal combustion engine, the respective operating parameter map is fixed, for each route section (X1, X2, Xi) or time segment, a total power of the system requested for the respective route section (X1, X2, Xi) or time segment to the individual internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn) in partial outputs (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ), for each section (X1, X2, Xi) or period for each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) and for each operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) speed-dependent cost vectors ( K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, xi, MAP4} ) and / or emission _vectors , and from each of these cost _vectors (K _{M1, X1, MAP1} to K _{Mn, xi, MAP4} ) and / or emission _vectors that speed and those costs and / or emissions for the associated operating parameter map and the associated route section or time section determined, for which the associated internal combustion engine under provision of the respective partial power (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ) is operated cost optimal and / or emission optimal for each operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) and each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) the sum of the costs and / or the sum of the emissions over all sections (X1, X2, Xi) or time segments determined and then, if it specifies several operating parameter maps (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4), that operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) determines, for which the respective internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) along the total distance of travel or over the total operating time cost optimal and / or emission optimal operation, depending on the preferably cost-optimal and / or emission-optimal operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) of each internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) the total cost / or total emissions of the system determines us as the target size minimized. Control unit after Claim 6 , characterized in that the plurality of operating parameter maps (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) differ from each other by the valve timing and / or boost pressures and / or injection pressures and / or injector timing and / or fuel type. Control unit after Claim 7 , characterized in that the same for at least one internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) comprises at least one internal combustion engine individual and operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4), which exclusively for the respective internal combustion engine (M1, M2, M3, Mn) is valid. Control unit after Claim 7 or 8th characterized in that it comprises at least one operating parameter map (MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4) common to a plurality of internal combustion engines (M1, M2, M3, Mn). Method according to one of Claims 6 to 9 , characterized in that it divides the respective total power into partial powers (P _{M1, X1} to P _{Mn, Xi} ) in each section or period (X1, X2, Xi), in order to minimize the target size.

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