DE102017120915A1 - Process for producing safety glass with a sun and / or heat protection coating permeable to high-frequency radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing safety glass (1) with a sun and / or heat protection coating (2) which is permeable to high-frequency radiation, in particular microwave radiation, in which the sun and / or heat protection coating (2) is applied to a safety glass substrate layer (4) a vacuum coating method, in particular a thermal vapor deposition method in the form of a thin-layer system (3) comprising a plurality of layers (3.1 - 3.3) is produced. Particularly advantageous in the thin-film system (3) consists of a plurality of horizontal and vertical lines of interruption (5, 6) existing raster line structure (7) by means of lasers and thereby the thin film system (3) in a plurality of thin film sections (3 ') to increase the permeability segmented by the thin-film system (3) for high-frequency radiation.

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for producing safety glass with a high-frequency radiation, in particular microwave radiation permeable solar and / or thermal insulation coating according to the preamble of claim 1 and a safety glass produced according to this method according to the preamble of claim 10.

State of the art

In modern vehicles (eg railways, ships) and buildings are often glazing with solar and / or thermal insulation coatings of metals or metal alloys use, by means of which, for example, the heat input of solar radiation is regulated in the vehicle or building interior and / or the heat transfer from Vehicle or building interior is reduced to the outside.

Such solar and / or thermal protective coatings can be produced for example by means of a vacuum coating method in the form of a thin-film system on a glass substrate. The thin-layer system comprises, for example, several layers of preferably different materials, which are electrically evaporated in a vacuum and condense by the energy released on the glass surface to be coated. The layers consist of metals and / or metal alloys as well as interference layers. The arrangement of the individual layers relative to one another and the properties of the materials used determine the physical properties of the coating, for example the transparency and the frequency selectivity of the coating.

In addition, safety requirements are also placed on glazings, which has led to the use of safety glass in combination with such metallic sun and / or thermal insulation coatings. In the manufacture of safety glass, two types are distinguished in principle, namely single-pane safety glass and laminated safety glass.

To produce a single-pane safety glass, individual panes are heated to a melting range of up to about 620 ° C and then quenched with compressed air, so that builds up a bias between the outer shell of the single disc and the disc core. With mechanical destruction of the toughened safety glass, this preload discharges, resulting in small glass crumbs which are harmless to the environment.

In contrast, a laminated safety glass consists of at least two interconnected glass panes, which can be made as individual panes of float glass or also of prestressed individual panes or single pane safety panes. The connection of the at least two panes of glass is carried out by means of a special laminating film which is laid between the panes and then pressed in an autoclaving process at temperatures around 140 ° C under a pressure of 12-14 bar. The safety feature is that if the glass is broken mechanically, but the glass breaks, the resulting chips still stick to the laminating film and thus no dangerous splinters of glass can be produced and the disk as a whole remains intact.

The safety glasses mentioned can be produced both in a flat and in a curved design. In the bent design, the glasses are brought in a temperature process at about 650 ° C by suitable forms in the desired bend. About the cooling process, the bias voltage can be controlled accordingly.

A fundamental property of metallic solar and / or thermal coatings is the attenuation of high frequency radiation, such as radiation. Mobile radio beams or microwave radiation, which is caused especially in large windows almost exclusively by the electrical conductivity or the sheet resistance of the layer materials used. The attenuation of the high-frequency radiation caused by the solar and / or thermal protection coatings is for example up to 30-40 decibels and is dependent on the sheet resistance of the metallic thin-film system. The damping properties of the sun and / or thermal insulation coatings are particularly disturbing for the operation of mobile devices in vehicles or buildings. In particular, it can happen that an existing mobile radio connection is interrupted or a connection is not possible at all.

From the DE 195 08 042 A1 is already known for such high-frequency radiation and heat-reflective coating and a process for its preparation is known in which a conductive coating is applied to a glass layer, which is divided into a plurality of strip portions. The disadvantage is the production of a conductive coating formed by strip sections technically complex.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for the production of safety glasses with a high-frequency radiation, in particular microwave radiation permeable solar and / or thermal insulation coating, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular its transmission for high-frequency radiation in the wake for the production of solar and / or thermal insulation coating is changeable. This object is achieved by the inventive method according to the independent claim 1 and a safety glass according to the patent claim 10.

An essential aspect of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that in the thin-film system, a raster line structure consisting of several horizontal and vertical lines of interruption is introduced by means of lasers, thereby segmenting the thin-layer system into a plurality of thin-film sections for generating the permeability of the thin-film system for high-frequency radiation.

The inventors have recognized that the usual thin-film systems produced by means of thermal vapor deposition processes have a sheet resistance of up to 20 Ω / square and thus a significant additional attenuation of a safety glass with a solar and / or thermal protection coating of about 25 to 40 formed by the thin-film system Decibel for high-frequency radiation having, for example, a wavelength in the range of, for example, 700 MHz to 2600 MHz. By a targeted at least partial interruption of the current flow within the thin-film system by means of a segmentation of this into individual, separate thin-film sections, the thin-layer system and thus the sun and / or heat protection coating formed by this is no longer "conductive" for such high-frequency radiation. This reduces the attenuation behavior of the thin-film system to less than 10 decibels and thus improves the transmission of high-frequency radiation.

Particularly advantageously, the raster line structure is subsequently introduced by means of lasers into a thin-film system already produced over the entire surface of the safety glass substrate layer. The use of a laser process for producing the raster line structure according to the invention and the segmentation of the thin-film system produced thereby requires only a small removal energy, so that damage to the security glass substrate layer and possibly existing printing can be effectively avoided.

Particularly advantageously, the raster line structure is subsequently introduced by means of lasers into a thin-film system already produced over the entire surface of the safety glass substrate layer. The introduction of the raster line structure is thus advantageously at the end of the manufacturing process of the safety glass, and indeed can be done by the use of suitable laser devices, a processing of the thin film system in the micron range. In addition, a full-surface and / or large-scale processing of the thin-film system is possible and takes place, for example, via a corresponding software-controlled guidance of a laser beam impinging perpendicularly on the thin-film system.

The spacing of the horizontal and vertical lines of interception of the raster line structure is less than 1/10 of the wavelength of the high-frequency radiation to be transmitted. Investigations have shown that at higher grid intervals with increasing frequency of high-frequency radiation and the attenuation increases. For example, laboratory investigations have shown a particularly advantageous permeability or low attenuation at a grid spacing of 2 mm in the horizontal and vertical directions at frequencies up to 3 GHz.

Further advantageously, the break lines are introduced with a line width of 150 to 300 microns, preferably 200 microns in the thin film system by means of lasers. Again, laboratory tests have shown that with a line width of 200 microns high permeability to high-frequency radiation could be achieved.

For introducing the interruption lines into the thin-film system, the layers of the thin-layer system produced by means of the thermal vapor deposition method are preferably evaporated in layers by means of lasers or the laser radiation generated by a laser device. The layer produced by the thermal vapor deposition process is particularly easy to evaporate and low energy input by means of a preferably infrared laser radiation again.

In a preferred embodiment variant, the thin-film system is partially or completely removed by lasering in the region of the interruption lines as far as the safety glass substrate layer. At complete removal, ie complete separation of the electrical connections between the thin-film sections, could a substantial Improvement of the transmission for high-frequency radiation can be achieved.

For lasering the thin-film system, laser radiation is advantageously generated by at least one laser device, which is adapted to the thin-film system or its layer structure in terms of depth of focus, energy density and / or focus diameter. This effectively avoids damage to the security properties and / or possibly present printing of the safety glass.

In a preferred embodiment, the thermal vapor deposition process produces a thin-layer system comprising a plurality of layers of different materials, for example layers of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, NiCr, Cr-Al-Fe and / or ZnS.

Finally, the transmission of the high-frequency radiation thin-film system is adapted for use in the vehicle or building sector for a frequency range between 700 MHz to 2600 MHz.

Further developments, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the figures. In this case, all described and / or illustrated features alone or in any combination are fundamentally the subject of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their dependency. Also, the content of the claims is made an integral part of the description.

list of figures

• 1 beispielhaft eine schematische Seitenansicht auf ein die Längsseite eines Sicherheitsglases mit einer darauf vollflächig aufgebrachten Sonnen- und/oder Wärmeschutzbeschichtung und einer Lasereinrichtung,
• 2 beispielhaft eine schematische Seitenansicht auf das Sicherheitsglas gemäß 2 mit bereits mittels der Lasereinrichtung in das Dünnschichtsystem eingebrachten Unterbrechungslinien und
• 3 beispielhaft eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein Sicherheitsglas mit einem erfindungsgemäß durch Einbringen von horizontalen und vertikalen Unterbrechungslinien segmentierten Dünnschichtsystem.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Show it

• 1 by way of example a schematic side view of the longitudinal side of a safety glass with a sun and / or heat protection coating applied to it over its entire surface and a laser device,
• 2 by way of example a schematic side view of the safety glass according to 2 with already introduced by means of the laser device in the thin-film system break lines and
• 3 by way of example, a schematic plan view of a safety glass with a thin-layer system segmented according to the invention by introducing horizontal and vertical lines of interruption.

Ways to carry out the invention

In 1 is an example of a schematic section through a safety glass 1 with a full surface on a safety glass substrate layer 4 applied sun and / or thermal insulation coating 2 shown.

Such safety glasses 1 are preferably used in the vehicle sector or in the building sector. For example, these are used in trains, ships or similar vehicles.

The different methods for the production of safety glass 1 taken alone is well known and will therefore be further explained in detail. By way of example, it is merely stated that several process steps are carried out for this purpose, for example, starting from an untreated float glass, this is first cut to size and then subjected to edge processing. Subsequent to this, for example, optional printing takes place, preferably digital printing of the cut and edged float glass. After introducing a bias into the prepared float glass, at least two of the float glasses are subjected to a lamination process to form a security glass substrate layer 4 to form what starting point for the production of a high-frequency radiation, in particular microwave radiation permeable solar and / or thermal insulation coating 2 is.

The sun and / or thermal insulation coating 2 is in the form of a thin-film system 3 realized which several layers made of metal or a metal alloy 3.1 to 3.3 includes. In the present embodiment, the thin-film system 3 by way of example a first to third layer 3.1 to 3.3 on. It is understood that the thin-film system 3 one of them different number of layers 3.1 to 3.3 may include, without thereby departing from the inventive concept.

The sun and / or thermal insulation coating 2 is further deposited on a security glass substrate layer 4 by means of a vacuum coating method, in particular a thermal vapor deposition method in the form of the thin-layer system 3 produced. It should be noted that the security glass substrate layer 4 Depending on the type of safety glass, it may itself be designed as a multilayer system and / or may have a pressure layer. By means of the vacuum coating process, the thin-film system is used 3 on the surface 1' of the safety glass substrate layer 4 applied, in layers, ie, the individual layers 3.1 to 3.3 become generated in succession by means of the thermal vapor deposition process.

The layers 3.1 to 3.3 of the thin-film system 3 are preferably made of different materials, which are electrically evaporated in vacuo and by the released energy on the surface 1' the safety glass substrate layer 4 condense. These consist of metals and metal alloys as well as interference layers. Typical vapor deposition materials for the individual layers 3.1 to 3.3 are, for example, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, NiCr, Cr-Al-Fe or ZnS.

By the arrangement of the individual layers 3.1 to 3.3 to each other and the materials used, the transmission properties of the thin film system 3 , in particular the transparency and the selectivity of the solar and / or thermal protection coating 2 be targeted. For example, in this way the visible wavelength range between 380 to 780 nm and the infrared wavelength range up to 2500 nm wavelength can be selectively separated from one another.

• - Abpumpen des Vakuumkessels
• - Glimmreinigung der Glasoberflächen
• - Aufdampfen der verschiedenen Materialschichten nacheinander
• - Belüften des Vakuumkessels

The thermal evaporation method is independent of the nature of the security glass substrate layer 4 , that is, for the coating of a variety of Sicherheitsglassubstratschichten 4 be used. In particular, the thermal vapor deposition method can be used to produce a thin-layer system 3 equally on flat as well as on curved safety glass substrate layers 4 be used. The thermal vapor deposition process has essentially four process phases:

• - Pumping off the vacuum boiler
• - Glimmer cleaning of the glass surfaces
• - vapor deposition of the different material layers in succession
• - Aerating the vacuum boiler

For the production of sun and / or heat protection coatings 2 for example, within the thin-film system 3 in addition to an adhesion and base layer made of, for example, ZnS or NiCr, a dielectric layer and a metal layer of gold or silver are formed.

A commonly used thin-film system in practice 3 has, for example, one to the Sicherheitsglassubstratschicht 4 bonded NiCr layer, followed by a silver layer, a manganese layer and a ZnS layer. Also often finds a thin film system 3 Application, for example, one to the Sicherheitsglassubstratschicht 4 bonded ZnS layer followed by a NiCr layer, a silver layer, a manganese layer and a ZnS layer.

Due to the thin film system 3 results in a sheet resistance of 3 ohms / square, whereby a high-frequency radiation, in particular microwave radiation in the range of, for example, 700 MHz to 2600 MHz is applied with an additional attenuation of 30 - 40 decibels.

In the third generation mobile radio standard, also known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the transmission band is between 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz and the reception band between 2110 MHz to 2170 MHz. A UMTS mobile signal would thus be noticeable through the thin-film system 3 or the sun and / or thermal insulation coating 2 of the safety glass 1 attenuated. Similarly, it is the fourth generation mobile radio standard, also called Long Term Evolution (LTE), which is designed for a transmission band between 700 to 2700 MHz.

To the permeability of the safety glass 1 with such a solar and / or thermal insulation coating 2 for such high-frequency radiation to increase the sun and / or thermal insulation coating 2 thin-film system 3 According to the invention subjected to a laser processing, and indeed is in the thin-film system 3 one of several, horizontal and vertical break lines 5 . 6 existing raster line structure 7 introduced by means of lasers and thereby the thin film system 3 in a variety of thin film sections 3 ' for generating the permeability of the thin film system 3 is segmented for high-frequency radiation. The raster line structure according to the invention 7 is thus subsequently in the on the Sicherheitsglassubstratschicht 4 already produced over the entire surface thin-film system 3 introduced by means of lasers.

For subsequent introduction of the interruption lines 5 . 6 into the existing thin-film system 3 become the layers produced by the thermal vapor deposition process 3.1 to 3.3 of the thin-film system 3 preferably in layers by means of lasers or by a laser device 8th generated laser radiation or laser beam 9 evaporated. In this case, that of the laser device 8th generated laser radiation 9 focused into the layers to be ablated 3.1 to 3.3 as absorption layers of the laser radiation 9 coupled.

The raster line structure produced in this way 7 is preferably formed like a grid, so that, for example, rectangular or square thin-film sections 3 ' arise. For this purpose, several, each parallel to each other horizontal break lines 5 and a plurality of vertical interrupt lines, each also parallel to each other 6 into the thin-film system 3 brought in. The break lines 5 . 6 are preferably in the thin film system with a line width of 150 to 300 microns, preferably 200 microns 3 introduced by means of lasers.

For this purpose, a laser device according to the invention 8th provided, which for generating a laser radiation or a laser beam 9 is trained. The laser device 8th is preferably designed as an infrared laser device. The laser device 8th as well as for generating the laser radiation or the laser beam 9 used optics and / or focusing means are chosen such that a damage of the safety glass substrate layer 4 and possibly existing printing is avoided and the corresponding security properties of the safety glass substrate layer 4 not be affected.

For a detailed description of the directions of movement of the laser device 8th is in the 1 and 2 a Cartesian coordinate system with an x, y and z axis of space drawn. The safety glass 1 is arranged here by way of example in a plane running parallel to the xy plane of the Cartesian coordinate system. The laser device 8th is controlled relative to the Cartesian coordinate system both along the x- and y-axis and along the z-axis controlled movable, preferably with a executed in a control unit, not shown control routine.

The laser device 8th is - as in the 1 and 2 shown - perpendicular to the surface 1' of the safety glass 1 above the thin-film system to be processed 3 movably arranged. The one from the laser device 8th generated laser beam 9 thus runs along the z-axis of the drawn Cartesian coordinate system and thus perpendicular to the thin-film system 3 on, which extends in a parallel to the xy plane. Due to the adjustability of the laser device 8th along the z-axis is also a processing of bent safety glass 1 or thin-film systems arranged thereon 3 possible.

The of the laser device 8th generated laser radiation 9 is in terms of focus depth, energy density and / or focus diameter on the thin film system 3 or its layer structure adapted.

Preferably, the deflection of the laser beam takes place 9 by means of a high-performance optics in a stationary processing field, for example, a size of 15 x 15 cm. In order to enable a large-area processing, the said processing field of the high-performance optics of the laser device 8th corresponding along the x and y axis offset, and that until the entire surface 1' of the safety glass 1 is edited. For offset-free juxtaposition of the individual processing fields, for example, a high-resolution sensor unit is provided, which preferably operates in the micron range.

In 3 is an example of a schematic plan view of a safety glass 1 , and that by the thin-film system according to the invention 3 formed solar and / or thermal insulation coating 2 shown. The thin-film system 3 In this case, by way of example, a lattice-like raster line structure is formed 7 due to a variety of horizontal and vertical break lines 5 . 6 is formed. By means of the laser device 8th or the laser beam 9 in the thin-film system 3 generated horizontal and vertical break lines 5 . 6 this is in several thin-film sections 3 ' segmented, which increases the desired transmission for high-frequency radiation.

The invention has been described above by means of exemplary embodiments. It is understood that numerous changes and modifications are possible, without thereby departing from the invention underlying the idea of the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

safety glass

1'

surface

2

Sun and / or thermal insulation coating

3

thin-film system

3 '

thin film portions

3.1 - 3.3

layers

4

Safety glass substrate layer

5

horizontal break lines

6

vertical break lines

7

Grid line structure

8th

laser device

9

Laser radiation or laser beam

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19508042 A1 [0009]

Claims (10)

Method for producing safety glass (1) with a sun and / or heat protection coating (2) permeable to high-frequency radiation, in particular microwave radiation, in which the sun and / or heat protection coating (2) is applied to a safety glass substrate layer (4) by means of a vacuum coating method , in particular a thermal vapor deposition method in the form of a thin layer system (3) comprising a plurality of layers (3.1 - 3.3) is produced, characterized in that in the thin film system (3) consists of a plurality of horizontal and vertical interrupt lines (5, 6) grid line structure (7 ) is introduced by means of lasers and thereby the thin film system (3) is segmented into a plurality of thin film sections (3 ') for increasing the transmission of the thin film system (3) for high frequency radiation. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the interruption lines (5, 6) with a line width of 150 to 300 micrometers, preferably 200 micrometers, are introduced into the thin-film system (3) by means of lasers. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that for introducing the interruption lines (5, 6) into the thin-layer system (3), the layers (3.1 - 3.3) of the thin-film system (3) produced by the thermal vapor deposition method are preferably layered by means of lasers or by a laser device (8). generated laser radiation (9) are evaporated. Method according to one of Claim 1 or 3 , characterized in that the thin-film system (3) in the region of the interruption lines (5, 6) is partially or completely removed by laser until the safety glass substrate layer (4). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the grid line structure (7) is subsequently introduced by means of lasers into a thin-film system (3) already produced over the full area on the safety glass substrate layer (4). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that for lasering the thin-film system (3) of at least one laser device (8) a laser radiation (9) is generated, which is adjusted in terms of depth of focus, energy density and / or focus diameter of the thin film system (3) or its layer structure. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the distance of the horizontal and vertical lines of interruption (5, 6) of the raster line structure (7) is chosen to be less than 1/10 of the wavelength of the high-frequency radiation to be transmitted. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that by means of the thermal vapor deposition method, a thin-layer system (3) comprising a plurality of layers (3.1 - 3-3) is made of different materials, for example layers of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, NiCr, Cr-Al -Fe and / or ZnS. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8th characterized in that the transmissivity of the high-frequency radiation thin-film system (3) is adapted for use in the vehicle or building sector for a frequency range between 700 MHz to 2600 MHz. Safety glass (1) having a sun and / or heat protection coating (2) which is permeable to high-frequency radiation, in particular microwave radiation, in which the sun and / or heat protection coating (2) is applied to a safety glass substrate layer (4) by means of a vacuum coating method, in particular a thermal coating A vapor deposition method in the form of a thin film system (3) comprising a plurality of layers (3.1 - 3.3) is applied, characterized by its production according to a method according to one of Claims 1 to 9 ,

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