DE102016225970A1 - Method for producing a fuel and / or electrolysis cell and a fuel and / or electrolysis cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is based on a method for producing a fuel and / or electrolysis cell (10a, 10b). It is proposed that at least one functional layer (22a-b, 24a-b, 26a-b) be at least partially lithographically patterned.

Description

State of the art

A method for structuring a functional layer is already known, in which a porosity of the functional layer is deliberately set in a sintering process.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention is based on a method for producing a fuel and / or electrolysis cell, in which, in particular, at least one functional layer is produced.

It is proposed that at least one functional layer of the fuel and / or electrolysis cell is at least partially lithographically structured.

Advantageously, by means of a lithographic structuring, a cost-effective, scalable and industrially scalable production method can be provided. In particular, such a structured functional layer is less susceptible to process-related deviating production parameters, as a result of which a consistently high cell quality can be achieved. Further, in particular, a fuel cell having improved efficiency can be manufactured. Advantageously, through the lithographic patterning, an effective efficiency of the functional layer can be improved by, in particular, enlarging an electrochemically active overall surface and transport paths, in particular percolation and / or tortuosity, and advantageously individual phases, such as a gas phase, an electrolyte phase and / or the electronically conductive Phase of the cell to be improved. Particularly preferably, a catalytic activity can be improved and, in particular, degradation effects such as stoichiometric deviation, oxidation, agglomeration and / or mixed phase formation can be reduced. Further advantageously, by an increased catalytic activity, an operating temperature can be reduced despite comparatively constant efficiency, which in particular increases a service life and / or a service life and maintenance intervals can be reduced.

In this context, a "functional layer" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a layer which is intended to convey at least one transport along a phase, such as a gas phase, an electrolyte phase and / or an electronically conductive phase, to the fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell influence. The functional layer is at least partially produced by a forming process, in particular by embossing, and / or a primary molding process, in particular by casting, printing and / or extrusion. In particular, a functional layer may be at least partially formed by a film, in particular a polymer film. In particular, the fuel and / or electrolysis cell has a plurality of functional layers, which in particular at least partially form a functional layer package. The fuel and / or electrolysis cell has in particular at least one, in particular at least two, and more preferably at least three functional layers, wherein at least one functional layer, preferably two functional layers are formed as electrode layers, in particular as an anode layer and / or a cathode layer, and / or at least a functional layer is formed as an electrolyte layer, which is arranged in particular between the further functional layers, these are preferably contacted and particularly preferably connected to these materially. In particular, the fuel and / or electrolysis cell may comprise bipolar plates, between which at least one functional layer, in particular the functional layer packet, is arranged. Alternatively, the fuel and / or electrolysis cell may have a tube, on which at least one functional layer, in particular the functional layer packet, is arranged. By "at least partially structuring a functional layer", it should be understood, in particular, that at least one surface and / or an interface of the functional layer is at least partially, preferably at least to a large extent and particularly preferably completely structured. In particular, at least 55%, advantageously at least 65%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 85% and particularly advantageously at least 95% of a surface, a volume, a mass is intended to mean by the term "at least to a large extent" and / or an extension, in particular a main extension, of an object. In the event that the fuel and / or electrolysis cell is designed as an electrolyte carrier cell, an average value of a thickness of the electrolyte layer is substantially greater than an average deviation of the thickness of the electrolyte layer. By "substantially greater" is meant in this context at least a factor of two, preferably at least a factor of three and more preferably at least a factor of four greater. The electrolyte layer consists in particular at least partially, preferably at least for the most part and particularly preferably completely, of a ceramic, in particular of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ), of scandium-stabilized zirconium oxide (ScSZ) and / or gadolinium-stabilized cerium oxide (CGO). In one production, a raw material for producing the electrolyte layer consists in particular of at least one ceramic, in particular of yttrium-stabilized Zirconium oxide (YSZ), of scandium-stabilized zirconium oxide (ScSZ) and / or gadolinium-stabilized cerium oxide (CGO), which may in particular be mixed with other, in particular organic constituents, in particular a binder, such as, for example, polyvinylbutral, acrylate, methyl and / or ethylcellulose, and preferably a solvent such as alcohol or ether, and a dispersant, a plasticizer and / or a defoamer. The anode layer consists in particular at least partially, preferably at least for the most part and particularly preferably completely, of a ceramic, in particular of a composite of nickel oxide and yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. In one production step, a raw material for producing the anode layer consists in particular of nickel oxide and yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide which is mixed with further, in particular organic components, in particular a binder, such as polyvinylbutral, acrylate, methyl and / or ethylcellulose, and preferably a solvent , such as alcohol or ether, and a dispersant, a plasticizer and / or a defoamer. The cathode layer is in particular at least partially, preferably at least for the most part and particularly preferably completely made of a perovskite material, such as LSC or LSCF, and / or a ceramic such as yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. In a production process, a raw material for producing the cathode layer is in particular at least ceramic and / or a perovskite material which is mixed with further, in particular organic constituents, in particular a binder, such as polyvinylbutral, acrylate, methyl and / or ethylcellulose, and preferably a solvent such as alcohol or ether, as well as a dispersant, a plasticizer and / or a defoamer. In one production, a raw material forms in particular a preferably homogenized paste and / or slip. By "structuring lithographically" is meant in particular the production of a structuring by means of a lithographic process. In particular, the lithographic process is a photolithography process and / or emboss lithography process, in particular micro and / or nanoprint lithography processes.

It is further proposed that the functional layer is provided with at least one structuring having at most microstructures. A "structuring" is to be understood in particular a periodic shaping, which is different in particular from a porosity of a material and in particular superior to this. The fact that a "structuring has at most microstructures" is to be understood in particular to mean that the structuring has structures of a size, in particular of at most 100 μm, preferably of at most 50 μm and particularly preferably of not more than 20 μm. Alternatively or additionally, the structuring may in particular have at most nanostructures. The term "structuring having at most nanostructures" is to be understood in particular to mean that the structuring has structures of a size in particular of at most 1000 nm, preferably of at most 750 nm and particularly preferably of at most 500 nm. As a result, in particular, a surface can be enlarged and transport paths can be improved.

It is further proposed that the functional layer is at least partially structured by a pattern element which at least substantially corresponds to an image of a proposed structuring. The pattern element has, in particular, a structuring which deviates from the provided structuring, in particular by less than 25%, preferably by less than 10% and particularly preferably by less than 5%. By "intended" is intended to be understood in particular specially designed and / or equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function should in particular mean that the object fulfills and / or executes this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state. In particular, the image is a negative or a positive of the proposed structuring. In particular, the pattern element has the same periodicity and / or number of structural elements as the intended structuring. Preferably, the image is a two-dimensional image of the structure provided, in particular when used in a photolithography process. Particularly preferably, the image is a three-dimensional image of the structure provided, in particular when used in an embossing lithography process. The pattern element is in particular formed as a stamp, which is provided for a forming process, and / or as a die, which is provided for a primary molding process. In particular, the pattern element may itself be produced in a lithographic process, such as by an etching and / or nanolithography process. In particular, the pattern element is made from a master pattern element. The master pattern element is in particular pressed into a material forming the pattern element, in particular while the material forming the pattern element is in a low-viscosity state, the original pattern element being removed, in particular after partial curing of the material, in particular by exposure to temperature and / or UV irradiation. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the original pattern element is destroyed in the production of the pattern element, to separate it from the pattern element, such as by a chemically and / or thermally selective process step. The pattern element can in particular be applied to and / or on a film and / or a roll, in particular in a roll-to-roll process, or can form this at least partially, in particular with these to structure the functional layer package. This can be done in a simple manner and in particular reproducible structuring.

It is further proposed that the functional layer is at least partially reshaped by the pattern element, in particular for lithographic structuring. In particular, the pattern element is pressed on at least partially and / or in at least one, at least partially viscous part of the functional layer, in particular on a raw material of the functional layer, wherein the functional layer, in particular the raw material of the functional layer, assumes the intended structuring of the pattern element. In particular, it is conceivable that the functional layer, in particular the raw material of the functional layer, is cured during and / or after the forming, in particular by applying heat and / or by electromagnetic radiation, preferably with UV light. The pattern element can be removed, in particular after the forming, from the functional layer, in particular the functional layer. It is conceivable that the pattern element for removal from the functional layer is destroyed. Preferably, the pattern element is removed non-destructively in order to be able to reuse it advantageously. The pattern element used for forming is designed in particular as a stamp. In particular, reshaping for structuring preferably takes place in a roll-to-roll process. This allows a particularly quick and easy structuring done.

It is further proposed that the functional layer is at least partially formed from the pattern element. The pattern element is filled in particular with a raw material of at least one functional layer. The raw material is at least partially cured, in particular in the pattern element, in particular by exposure to temperature and / or UV radiation. The at least partially cured raw material in particular assumes the intended structuring of the pattern element and in particular at least partially forms the functional layer. The pattern element used for the primary molding is designed in particular as a die. This allows a particularly precise structuring.

It is further proposed that the at least one functional layer is applied from the pattern element to a base layer. The base layer may in particular be a substrate which is removed in at least one method step or at least partially forms a functional layer. The pattern element is, in particular together with a particular at least partially cured raw material of the functional layer, pressed on / to the base layer, in particular under temperature, whereby the particular at least partially cured raw material connects to the base layer and in particular at least partially forms a functional layer. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the base layer to be applied to the pattern element provided with the raw material of the functional layer, for example by a printing, in particular screen printing, and / or by a casting and / or extrusion process. In one embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the functional layer is at least partially formed as at least one electrode layer. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the functional layer is at least partially formed as at least one electrolyte layer. As a result, a layer structure of a fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell can be carried out in a simple manner, in particular.

In a further aspect of the invention, a fuel and / or electrolysis cell is proposed which has at least one functional layer which has at least one, in particular periodic, lithographic structuring. The fuel and / or electrolysis cell is in particular as a high-temperature fuel cell (SOFC) and / or high-temperature electrolysis cell (SOEC). Preferably, the fuel and / or electrolytic cell is of the type of an electrolyte carrier cell, in which a functional layer formed as an electrode layer is provided as a carrier of further functional layers, in particular electrode layers. In this way, in particular, a precise and, in particular, periodic structuring can be achieved, in particular with respect to self-assimilating structuring. Further, in particular, a fuel cell having improved efficiency can be provided.

It is further proposed that the structuring has at least one substructuring. The structuring is in particular a structuring which has at least microstructure elements. Furthermore, the structuring has, in particular as substructuring, at least nanostructure elements. In this way, in particular, a surface and / or interface can be further increased and, advantageously, transport paths can be further improved.

It is further proposed that the structuring increases a surface and / or an interface of the functional layer by at least a factor of two, in particular by at least a factor of three, and preferably by at least a factor of four.

It is further proposed that the structuring is at least partially lamellar, cylinder-like, pyramidal and / or spherical segment-like. As a result, a particularly targeted structuring, in particular for fluid conduction, can be achieved.

The method and the fuel and / or electrolysis cell should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the method and the fuel and / or electrolytic cell may have a different number from a number of individual method steps, elements, components and units mentioned herein for performing a function described herein.

list of figures

Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennstoffzelle in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 2 einen Teil eines Funktionsschichtpakets der Brennstoffzelle in einer Schnittdarstellung,
• 3 a-d beispielhafte lithographische Strukturierungen einer Funktionsschicht des Funktionsschichtpakets in einer perspektivischen Ansichten,
• 4 einen schematischen Ablaufplan eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Brennstoffzelle,
• 5 a, b einen beispielhaften Umformschritt des Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Brennstoffzelle,
• 6 einen Teil eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Brennstoffzelle in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 7 eine beispielhafte lithographische Strukturierung einer Funktionsschicht eines Funktionsschichtpakets der Brennstoffzelle aus 6 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,
• 8 einen schematischen Ablaufplan eines alternativen Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Brennstoffzelle aus 6,
• 9 einen beispielhaften Urformschritt des Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Brennstoffzelle aus 6 und
• 10 einen schematischen Ablaufplan eines weiteren alternativen Verfahrens zur Herstellung der Brennstoffzelle aus 6.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic representation of a fuel cell in a perspective view,
• 2 a part of a functional layer package of the fuel cell in a sectional view,
• 3 ad exemplary lithographic structuring of a functional layer of the functional layer package in a perspective view,
• 4 a schematic flowchart of a method for producing the fuel cell,
• 5 a, b an exemplary forming step of the method for producing the fuel cell,
• 6 a part of another embodiment of a fuel cell in a perspective view,
• 7 an exemplary lithographic structuring of a functional layer of a functional layer package of the fuel cell 6 in a perspective view,
• 8th a schematic flowchart of an alternative method for producing the fuel cell 6 .
• 9 an exemplary primary forming step of the method for producing the fuel cell 6 and
• 10 a schematic flowchart of another alternative method for producing the fuel cell 6 ,

Description of the embodiments

1 shows a fuel cell 10a in a perspective view. The fuel cell 10a is designed as a high-temperature fuel cell. Further, the fuel cell 10a a tubular fuel cell. A functional layer package 12a forms the fuel cell 10a at least in large part. The fuel cell 10a has a tube 34a on which the functional layer package 12a is arranged. Alternatively or additionally, the functional layer package 12a be part of an electrolytic cell and form them in particular at least a large part. Furthermore, the fuel cell could have bipolar plates, between which the functional layer package could be arranged.

2 shows a part of the functional layer package 12a the fuel cell 10a in a sectional view. The functional layer package 12a has a first functional layer 22a on. The first functional layer 22a is an electrode layer, in particular an anode layer. Furthermore, the functional layer package 12a a second functional layer 24a on. The second functional layer 24a is an electrolyte layer. In addition, the functional layer package has 12a a third functional layer 26a on. The third functional layer 26a is another electrode layer, in particular a cathode layer. The second functional layer 24a is between the first functional layer 22a and the third functional layer 26a arranged. The second functional layer 24a contacts the first functional layer 22a and is in particular materially connected thereto. The second functional layer 22a contacts the third functional layer 26a and is in particular materially connected thereto.

The first functional layer 22a consists at least partially, preferably at least for the most part and most preferably entirely of a ceramic, in particular a composite of nickel oxide and yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. The second functional layer 24a consists at least in part of a ceramic, in particular of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ). Alternatively or additionally, the second functional layer could 24a at least partially scandium-stabilized Zirconia (ScSZ) and / or gadolinium stabilized cerium oxide (CGO). The third functional layer 26a consists at least in part of a perovskite material, such as LSC or LSCF. Alternatively or additionally, the third functional layer 26a at least partially made of a ceramic such as yttrium stabilized zirconia.

The functional layer package 12a has a lithographic structuring 14a on. In the present case is an interface 32a the first functional layer 22a , which in particular to the second functional layer 24a borders, with the lithographic structuring 14a Mistake. Furthermore, it is an interface 33a the second functional layer 24a , which in particular adjoins the third functional layer 26a, with a lithographic patterning 14a Mistake.

In 3 are exemplary different lithographic structuring 14a the functional layer package 12a shown. The structuring 14a enlarges interfaces 32a the functional layer package 12a , in particular the respective interfaces 32a . 33a the functional layers 22a . 24a . 26a at least a factor of two. The structuring 14a has at most microstructural elements 18a on. The microstructure elements 18a may be lamellar, cylindrical, conical, pyramidal and / or spherical segment-like. In particular, the structuring 14a variously formed microstructure elements 18a exhibit.

In 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing the fuel cell 10a shown. Furthermore, the method is equally suitable for the production of an electrolytic cell. In the process, the functional layer package becomes 12a at least partially lithographically structured. In the present case, the functional layer package 12a and especially the functional layers 22a . 24a . 26a by means of a screen printing process on a base layer 28a applied. The base layer 28a is a particular removable substrate. The base layer 28a is a foil. The base layer 28a consists at least partially of paper. The base layer 28a is known under the trade name Trucal. The functional layer package 12a is at least partially structuring 14a reshaped.

The method has at least one method step 36a on. In the process step 36a becomes at least partially the first functional layer 22a produced. For this purpose, a raw material of the first functional layer 22a to the base layer 28a applied. Furthermore, the first functional layer 22a with a structuring 14a Mistake. The raw material of the first functional layer 22a is a paste and / or a slip. The raw material of the first functional layer 22a is at least partially by means of a pattern element 20a reshaped. The forming process is schematic in 5 shown. The pattern element 20a at least essentially corresponds to an image of a proposed structuring 14a the first functional layer 22a , In the present case, the pattern element is designed as a stamp. The deformation takes place in a still at least partially viscous state of the raw material of the first functional layer 22a instead of. After forming, the pattern element becomes 20a from the first functional layer 22a away. The raw material of the first functional layer 22a is before or after the removal of the pattern element 20a at least partially cured and forms the first functional layer 22a out. For example, the first functional layer 22a be cured by exposure to temperature or in a manner particularly preferred by a person skilled in the art.

The method comprises a further method step 38a , In the further process step 38a becomes the second functional layer 24a on the first functional layer 22a applied. A raw material of the second functional layer 24a gets onto the first functional layer 22a applied. The raw material of the second functional layer 24a fills cavities of structuring 14a the first functional layer 22a out. Furthermore, the second functional layer becomes 24a with a structuring 14a Mistake. For this purpose, the raw material of the second functional layer 24a is at least partially by means of the pattern element 20a corresponding to the previous method step 36a reshaped.

The method comprises a further method step 40a , In the further process step 40a becomes the third functional layer 26a on the second functional layer 24a applied. A raw material of the third functional layer 26a is on the second functional layer 24a applied. The raw material of the third functional layer 26a at least partially fills cavities of the structuring 14a of the second functional layer 26a out. The raw material of the third functional layer 26a is at least partially cured. The raw material of the third functional layer 26a at least partially forms the third functional layer 26a out.

The method comprises a further method step 42a , In the further process step 42a becomes the functional layer package 12a connected to a carrier unit 29a. The carrier unit 29a is in particular for the arrangement of the functional layer package 12a at the tube 34a the fuel cell 10a intended. This is the function package 12a with a the carrier unit 29a forming carrier mass at least partially encapsulated. The carrier mass comprises at least forsterite. The Carrier composition is in particular at least partially porous sintering. By encapsulation is the third functional layer 26a with the carrier unit 29a connected. The third functional layer 26a and the carrier unit 29a are in particular by means of a material contained in the respective raw materials, in particular heat-adhesive binder cohesively connected. The binder comprises at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

The method comprises a further method step 44a , In the further process step 44a becomes the functional layer package 12a in a water bath, in particular for at least a period of 1 to 3 days, pre-debinded. Further, by contact with water, the base layer 28a be removed.

Furthermore, the method has a further method step 46a on. In the further process step 46a becomes the functional layer package 12a , in particular thermal, binderless. Furthermore, the functional layer package 12a , in particular thermal, sintered.

In the 6 to 10 Further embodiments of the invention are shown. The following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with reference in principle to the same reference components, in particular with respect to components with the same reference numerals, to the drawings and / or the description of the other embodiments, in particular 1 to 5 , can be referenced. To distinguish the embodiments of the letter a is the reference numerals of the embodiment in the 1 to 5 readjusted. In the embodiments of the 6 to 10 the letter a is replaced by the letters b and c.

6 shows a further embodiment of a fuel cell 10b , In the present case, the fuel cell 10b formed as an electrolyte carrier cell. The fuel cell 10b has a functional layer package 12b on. The functional layer package 12b has a first functional layer 22b on. Furthermore, the functional layer package 12b a second functional layer 24b on. In addition, the functional layer package has 12b a third functional layer 26b on.

The functional layer package 12b has a lithographic structuring 14b on. In the present case is an interface 32b the first functional layer 22b , which in particular to the second functional layer 24b borders, with the lithographic structuring 14b Mistake. Furthermore, another interface 33b the second functional layer 24b , which in particular to the third functional layer 26b borders, with a lithographic structuring 14b Mistake.

In 7 is an example of a lithographic structuring 14b the functional layer package 12b shown. The structuring 14b increases interfaces 32b, 33b of the functional layer package 12b , in particular the respective interfaces 32b . 33b the functional layers 22b . 24b . 26b at least a factor of two. The structuring 14b has at most microstructural elements 18b on. The microstructure elements 18b are formed spherical segment-like. Furthermore, the structuring 14b variously formed microstructure elements 18b on, which form a substructure, in particular a grid. Alternatively or additionally, the structuring 14b a substructuring 30b which may comprise, for example, nanostructure elements.

In 8th is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing the fuel cell 10b shown. In the method, the functional layer package 12b is at least partially lithographically structured. The base layer 28b is a foil. A base layer 28b consists at least in part of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. The base layer 28b at least partially forms the second functional layer 24b the functional layer package 12b out. The base layer 28b For example, it may be film-cast or extruded.

The method has a method step 36b on. In method step 36b, the second functional layer becomes 24b with the structuring 14b Mistake. This is the second functional layer 24b at least partially by means of a pattern element 20b urgeformt. The primary shaping process is schematic in 9 shown. In the present case, the pattern element 20b a die. The raw material of the second functional layer 24b becomes on the pattern element 20b applied. A raw material of the second functional layer 24b is from the pattern element 20b structured. The primary shaping takes place in a still at least partially viscous state of the raw material of the second functional layer 24b instead of. The raw material of the second functional layer 24b is at least partially cured. The pattern element 20b which at least partially with the raw material of the second functional layer 24b is filled on at least one side of the base layer 28b pressed. The raw material of the second functional layer 24b connects to the base layer 28b , The raw material of the second functional layer 24b forms at least partially together with the base layer 28b the second functional layer 24b out. Furthermore, in the same way in a further method step or in a same method step, another side of the base layer 28b to be edited.

The method has a further method step 38b on. In the further process step 38b become the first functional layer 22b and the second functional layer 24b on the third functional layer 26b applied. This cavities are the structuring 14b the third functional layer 24b of raw materials of the first and third functional layers 22b . 26b filled. The first and the second functional layer 22b . 26b Alternatively, they could also be applied by further deposition processes, such as physical vapor deposition, atomic layer coating, inkjet, aerosol jet and / or plasma spray processes.

The method has a further method step 40b on. In the further process step 40b become the functional layers 22b . 24b . 26b dried. Furthermore, the functional layers become 22b . 24b . 26b debinded and sintered.

In 10 is a schematic flowchart of another alternative method of manufacturing the fuel cell 10b shown. In the present case, the functional layer package 12b by means of a roll-to-roll method on a base layer 28b applied. Preferably, a pattern element forms 20b at least partially a role along which the base layer 28b is encouraged.

The method has a method step 36c on. In method step 36c, at least one side of the base layer is applied 28b a raw material of a second functional layer 22b applied. Furthermore, the base layer 28b is conveyed along the roller. The raw material of a second functional layer 24b partially passes through the pattern element 20b reshaped and structured. Furthermore, in the same way in a further method step or in a same method step, another side of the base layer 28c to be edited.

Furthermore, the method has the method steps 38c . 40c which are described accordingly in the previous embodiment.

Claims (12)

Method for producing a fuel and / or electrolysis cell (10a, 10b), characterized in that at least one functional layer (22a-b, 24a-b, 26a-b) is at least partially lithographically structured. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the functional layer (22a-b, 24a-b, 26a-b) is provided with at least one structuring (14a-c) which has at most microstructure elements (18a, 18b). Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the functional layer (22a-b, 24a-b, 26a-b) at least partially by a pattern element (20a, 20b) is structured, which at least substantially corresponds to an image of an intended structuring (14a, 14b). Method according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the functional layer (22a, 24a) is at least partially reshaped by the pattern element (20a). Method according to Claim 3 or 4 , characterized in that the functional layer (24b) is at least partially reshaped by the pattern element (20b). Method according to one of Claims 3 to 5 , characterized in that the functional layer (24b) of the pattern element (20b) on a base layer (28b) is applied. Method according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the functional layer (22a-c, 26a-c) is at least partially formed as at least one electrode layer. Method according to Claim 6 or 7 , characterized in that the functional layer (24a-c) is at least partially formed as at least one electrolyte layer. Fuel and / or electrolytic cell, in particular produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one functional layer (22a-b, 24a-b, 26a-b) which has at least one lithographic patterning (14a, 14b). Fuel and / or electrolytic cell after Claim 9 , characterized in that the structuring (14b) has at least one substructure (30b). Fuel and / or electrolytic cell after Claim 9 or 10 , characterized in that the structuring (14a, 14b) enlarges a surface and / or boundary surface (32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) of the functional layer (22a-b, 24a-b, 26a-b) by at least a factor of two. Fuel and / or electrolytic cell according to one of Claims 9 to 11 , characterized in that the structuring (14a, 14b) at least partially lamellar, cylindrical, conical, pyramidal and / or spherical segment-like.

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