DE102016217173A1 - Segment sheet metal for a laminated stator core, stator laminated core, as well as generator and wind energy plant with same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a segment panel (11) for a laminated stator core (10) of a generator (1) of a wind energy plant (100), having a base plate (13) which has the shape of a ring segment, wherein the segment panel (11) has a first radial section (11). 15), in which recesses (21) are provided for receiving a stator winding, and radially adjacent to the first radial portion (15) has a second radial portion (17) which forms a segment of a magnetic yoke of the generator (1). In particular, the segmental sheet (11) adjacent to the second radial portion (17) has a third radial portion (19) forming a segment of a stator support structure of the generator (1), and is particularly adapted to be joined to the third radial sections of further segment plates to form the stator support structure of the generator. Furthermore, the invention relates to a laminated stator core (10), a generator (1) and a wind turbine (100), each with such segmental plates (11).

Description

The invention relates to a segment plate for a stator lamination stack of a generator of a wind energy plant, with a base plate, which has the shape of a ring segment, wherein the segment plate has a first radial portion, are provided in which recesses for receiving a stator winding, and radially adjacent to the first radial Section has a second radial portion which forms a segment of a magnetic yoke of the generator. The invention further relates to a laminated stator core a generator of a wind turbine, and a generator of a wind turbine and a wind turbine.

Wind turbines are well known. They are used to convert wind energy into electrical energy by means of an electric generator. Core element for this task is in wind turbines generator. The generator has a generator stator and a generator rotor rotating relative thereto, also referred to as a "rotor". The invention relates to both wind turbines and generators with internal rotors, as well as external rotors, by which it is understood that in an internal rotor rotates the generator rotor inside in an annular stator, while in an external rotor of the generator rotor rotates around the outside of the stator.

The generator stator has a stator winding in which an electrical voltage is induced by means of the rotating generator rotor. The stator winding is received in grooves, which in turn are provided in the stator, for example in a stator ring.

It is generally known to form the component which accommodates the stator winding from one or more stator lamination packages. Those stator lamination packages are formed by segmental laminations which are stacked together to form rings and stacked to form laminations.

The mechanical instability of the individual sheets in this case could only be partially compensated in the prior art by stacking the sheets into packages and connecting them to one another. Up until now, a support structure had to be provided on the stator to support the stator lamination packages, usually as a welded or cast assembly that stiffened the stator lamination stacks.

This circumstance requires a certain vertical integration on the part of the wind turbine manufacturer, as well as a relatively high cost and production costs. This was considered to be in need of improvement.

The invention was therefore based on the object as far as possible to overcome the disadvantages found in the prior art. In particular, the invention has the object to find a way to reduce the manufacturing and cost of wind turbines without compromising the mechanical integrity of the generator stator of the wind turbine.

The invention solves the underlying task by proposing a segment sheet with the features of claim 1. In particular, the invention proposes that the segment sheet has adjacent to the second radial portion a third radial portion forming a segment of a stator support structure of the generator. In particular, the third radial section is thus configured to form the stator supporting structure of the generator in conjunction with the third radial sections of further segment plates. The invention hereby follows the approach of making an additional, external construction dispensable in that the stator lamination packages formed from the segmental laminations are self-supporting, ie do not require external attachments to ensure mechanical integrity. For this purpose, the segment sheet is widened radially adjacent to the region which is to form the magnetic yoke, and has a support structure which increases the stability of a sheet metal ring formed from its segmental sheets.

The segment sheet of the present invention is advantageously further developed in terms of the stator support structure by a plurality of stiffening struts are formed in the third radial portion, wherein the stiffening struts are adapted to receive pressure, tensile and shear forces.

Further preferably, a plurality of passage openings are formed in the third radial section, which are adapted for the passage of corresponding Verspannelementen. The passage openings are preferably arranged along two or more spaced-apart circular arc lines, wherein the circular arc lines are preferably formed concentrically. Particularly preferably, in an embodiment with a first circular arc line and a second circular arc line, the passage openings are arranged offset on a first circular arc line in the circumferential direction to the passage openings on a second circular arc line. Further preferably, the passage openings are arranged equidistantly on their respective circular arc lines to each other. This arrangement has the following advantage: The segmented sheets can be stacked on top of one another in an overlapping manner be so that the "seams" between the mutually adjacent in a ring planes segment plates are offset from each other. At the same time, the equidistant, in particular two- or multi-row, arrangement of the passage openings enables axial clamping of the overlapping segmental plates. The resulting friction between the sheets significantly increases the bearing capacity of the laminated stator core and contributes to a better damping behavior of acoustic oscillations that are emitted during operation of the wind turbine.

The bracing elements are set up to interconnect stacked segmented sheets firmly together. Preferably, the bracing elements in the form of threaded rods, screws, tension cables or the like are formed. Preferably, in the bracing, pressure distribution elements are arranged at the ends on the bracing elements, which are set up to distribute the clamping forces over as large a surface as possible of the segmented sheets. The pressure distribution elements are designed, for example, as discs, rings, ring segments, sleeves or the like. Further preferably, a plurality of material weakenings or recesses are arranged between the stiffening struts in the third radial section. The material weakenings or recesses preferably have the effect of weight reduction.

Particularly preferably, the stiffening struts are formed in the third radial portion of the same material thickness, as the base plate in the first and / or second radial portion. The structure of the stiffening struts is preferably obtained by means of laser cutting, water jet cutting, embossing or-particularly preferably-punching.

Particularly preferably, the recesses in the first radial section, the through openings and the stiffening struts are formed in the third radial section respectively by punching the base plate, wherein in the case of stiffening struts material regions are punched or stamped adjacent to the struts to be formed.

In a preferred embodiment of the segment plate, the stiffening struts have a plurality of first struts, which are non-radially aligned. By non-radial is meant here that the segment sheet is curved around a central axis, and the first struts each span an angle of> 0 degrees with a radial axis passing through the center axis. Preferably, the first struts are each not radially aligned at alternating angles and form a truss-like structure.

Further preferably, the stiffening struts on a plurality of second struts, which are radially aligned. The radial orientation is understood here with reference to the center axis of the segment plate.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, each adjacent first struts are aligned at an angle to each other, and the passage openings are each at the intersection of the extension direction of each two adjacent first struts. In other words, the passage openings are in the angular origin of the angle between adjacent first struts.

In a further preferred embodiment, the second struts are tapered in the direction of the center axis or in the direction of the radially inner side of the segment plate.

Preferably, the first and second struts are formed such that at least some of the first and second struts open into each other or intersect each other. In this way, a mesh-like support structure is realized, which combines low weight with high mechanical strength.

In particular, in those embodiments in which recesses are formed between the struts, the struts also act as cooling fins, and the recesses as cooling channels. As a result, an improved heat dissipation from the stator winding receiving grooves is achieved in the direction of the machine frame,

The invention has been explained above with reference to the segment sheet. In a further aspect, however, the invention also relates to a laminated stator core for a generator of a wind energy plant. The invention solves the underlying task in such a laminated stator core, by that with the features of claim 10 is formed. The invention proposes that the stator lamination stack has a multiplicity of segmental laminations, wherein a plurality of segmental laminations are arranged in one plane in such a way that together they form a sheet metal ring, and a plurality of segmental laminations are stacked in the formed sheet metal rings in such a way that together they form the stator lamination packet. wherein the laminated stator core has a first radial portion in which a plurality of slots are provided for receiving a stator winding, the slots being formed by recesses provided in the segment panels and adjacent to the first radial portion having a second radial portion defining a magnetic yoke of the generator. Adjacent to the second radial section, the stator lamination packet has a third radial Section which forms a stator support structure of the generator.

The invention is further formed in that the segment plates are formed according to one of the preferred embodiments described above.

After the invention has been described above with further reference to the laminated stator core, a generator according to the invention will be discussed below.

The generator according to the present invention solves the above-described basic task by being designed according to the features of claim 12.

The invention thus proposes a generator of a wind energy plant, in particular a slowly rotating synchronous regenerator having a generator stator, a generator rotor rotatably mounted relative to the generator stator, and a machine carrier for mounting the generator stator to the wind turbine, wherein the generator stator has at least one stator lamination in which a plurality of grooves are provided, in which the stator winding is accommodated. The generator stator has at least one laminated stator core, which is designed according to one of the preferred embodiments described above and accordingly contains segmented metal sheets according to the invention. For the purposes of the invention, a slowly rotating generator is understood to mean a generator having a rated speed of 50 revolutions per minute or less.

Finally, in a further aspect, the invention relates to a wind turbine, in particular a gearless wind turbine, comprising a tower, a nacelle rotatably mounted on the tower, a machine support arranged on the nacelle, a hub rotatably mounted on the nacelle with a number of rotor blades, in particular three Rotor blades, and an electric power generator having a generator rotor connected to the hub and a generator stator connected to the machine frame.

The wind turbine according to the invention solves the underlying task by the generator is designed according to one of the preferred embodiments described above.

The generator is preferably designed as an alternative internal rotor or external rotor generator. If the generator is an internal rotor generator, the first radial section of the stator lamination pact or of the segmented sheet represents the radially inner ring area, while the third radial section represents the radially outer ring area. An external rotor generator is exactly the other way round.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the attached figures with reference to a preferred embodiment. Hereby show:

1 a wind turbine schematically in a perspective view,

2 a nacelle of the wind turbine according to 1 schematically in a partially sectioned view,

3 an enlarged view of part of the view 2 , and

4 a schematic plan view of a segment sheet for a stator core of a generator of a wind turbine according to the 1 to 3 ,

1 shows a wind turbine 100 with a tower 102 and a gondola 104 , At the gondola 104 is a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 arranged. The rotor 106 is set in operation by the wind in a rotary motion and thereby drives a generator 1 ( 2 ) in the gondola 104 at.

The gondola 104 is in 2 shown in a sectional view. The gondola 104 is rotatable on the tower 102 mounted and by means of an azimuth drive 112 connected in a generally known manner. In the gondola 104 is a machine carrier 110 also arranged in a generally known manner, the one journal 114 wearing.

The generator 1 has a generator stator 5 on, by means of the journal 114 on the machine carrier 110 in the gondola 104 is attached. Other, not excluded by the invention design options, for example, before, the generator stator 5 directly to the machine carrier 110 or a corresponding component of the nacelle 104 to tie.

The generator 1 according to 2 has a generator rotor 3 which is designed as an external rotor. Alternative design options not excluded from the scope of the invention include, for example, a generator rotor configured as an internal rotor.

The generator rotor 3 is rotatable with the hub 106 connected. The closer structure of the generator stator 5 is in 3 shown. The generator 5 has a stator ring 9 on. Outside the stator ring 9 , spaced therefrom by an annular gap, the generator rotor is running 3 , The stator ring 9 is by means of two support rings 7 attached to a stator mount. The stator is in turn with the journal 114 screwed. Other mounting options for the stator 5 on the machine frame are also within the scope of the invention.

The support rings 7 are comparatively thin-walled sheets, which are the carrying capacity and mechanical rigidity of the stator ring 9 essentially uninfluenced. Instead, the stator ring 9 self-supporting designed.

The stator ring 9 is from a variety of segmented sheets 11 formed, which lead to sheet metal rings 12 strung together and stacked on one another such that at least one stator lamination stack 10 arises.

The structure of a segmented sheet according to the invention is in 4 shown.

This in 4 shown segment sheet 11 has a base plate 13 on. The segment sheet 11 is constructed ring segment-shaped, ie it has a about a central axis (not shown) curved circular arc-shaped course. The segment sheet 11 , in 4 shown as a segmental plate for an external rotor, has a first radial portion 15 in which a lot of recesses 21 are introduced. The recesses 21 are adapted to receive the stator winding.

Adjacent to the first radial section 15 has the segmental sheet 11 a second radial section 17 which is a segment of the magnetic yoke of the generator stator 5 ( 1 to 3 ) trains.

The magnetic yoke is also called magnetic back. Adjacent to the second radial section 17 is the structure of the segmental sheet 11 around a third radial section 19 extended. The third radial section 19 has a plurality of through holes 23 for performing tensioning means such as threaded rods, screws, tensioning cables and the like.

In the third radial section 19 are a variety of stiffening struts 24 . 25 arranged, which is the segment sheet 11 stiffen and are set to, in the assembled state, the laminated stator core 10 as well as the stator ring 9 stiffen it to make it sustainable. The stiffening struts 24 . 25 have a variety of first aspirations 24 on which are non-radially aligned. The first aspiration 24 each clamp with an R ₁ , R _{2 at} an angle α, β. The angle α can be equal to the angle β.

The second aspiration 25 are unlike the first aspirations 24 radially aligned. Preferably, the second struts extend 25 in the direction of the (not shown) center axis tapers. Among the first aspirations 25 are at least some aspirations 25b present in at least a first strut 24 and some aspirations 25c , each having at least a first strut 24 thwart.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the struts 24 . 25 by punching out several recesses 27 from the base plate 13 educated. Preferably, both the recesses 21 as well as the passage openings 23 and the recesses 27 by punching from the base plate 13 except.

The passage openings 23 are preferably in the angular origin of the angle α, β of the first struts 24 , or are aligned with the intersections of the directions of extension of two respectively adjacent first struts 24 aligned.

While in the 1 to 4 embodiment shown explicitly to a generator 1 Turns off with external rotor, it should be understood that in the spirit of the invention in any case also generators are included with internal rotor, in which the same principles apply as described above with reference to the external rotor. The first radial section 15 who has the recesses 21 for receiving the stator winding, but then not radially outward, but radially inward on the segment plate 11 arranged. The same applies to the second and third radial sections.

Claims (13)

Segment sheet ( 11 ) for a laminated stator core ( 10 ) of a generator ( 1 ) of a wind turbine ( 100 ), with a base plate ( 13 ), which has the shape of a ring segment, wherein the segment sheet ( 11 ) a first radial section ( 15 ), in which recesses ( 21 ) are provided for receiving a stator winding, as well as radially adjacent to the first radial portion ( 15 ) a second radial section ( 17 ) having a segment of a magnetic yoke of the generator ( 1 ), characterized in that the segment sheet ( 11 ) adjacent to the second radial section ( 17 ) a third radial section ( 19 ) comprising a segment of a stator supporting structure of the generator ( 1 ). Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to claim 1, wherein in the third radial section ( 19 ) several stiffening struts ( 24 . 25 ) are formed, wherein the stiffening struts ( 19 ) are designed to absorb pressure, tensile and shear forces. Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in said third radial section ( 19 ) several passage openings ( 23 ) are formed, which are adapted to perform corresponding Verspannelementen. Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the third radial section ( 19 ) several material weakenings or recesses ( 27 ) between the stiffening struts ( 24 . 25 ) are arranged. Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the stiffening struts a plurality of first struts ( 24 ), which are non-radially aligned. Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the stiffening struts a plurality of second struts ( 25 ) which are radially aligned. Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in each case adjacent first struts ( 24 ) are aligned at an angle to each other, and wherein the passage openings ( 23 ) in each case at the intersection of the direction of extent of each two adjacent first struts ( 24 ) are arranged. Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second struts ( 25 ) in the direction of the radially inner side of the segment plate ( 11 ) are tapered. ' Segment sheet ( 11 ) according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein at least some of the first and second struts ( 24 . 25 ) merge into each other ( 25b ) or intersect each other ( 25c ). Stator laminated core ( 10 ) for a generator ( 1 ) of a wind turbine ( 100 ), with a plurality of segmental plates ( 11 ), wherein several segment plates ( 11 ) are arranged in a plane so that they form together a sheet metal ring, and a plurality of segment plates ( 11 ) are stacked in the formed sheet metal rings such that together they form the laminated stator core ( 10 ), wherein the laminated stator core ( 10 ) has a first radial section ( 15 ), in which a plurality of grooves for receiving a stator winding are provided, wherein the grooves through in the segment plates ( 11 ) provided recesses ( 21 ) and adjacent to the first radial section (FIG. 15 ) a second radial section ( 17 ) having a magnetic yoke of the generator ( 1 ), characterized in that the laminated stator core ( 10 ) adjacent to the second radial section ( 17 ) a third radial section ( 19 ) having a stator support structure of the generator ( 1 ). Stator laminated core according to claim 10, wherein the segment plates ( 11 ) are formed according to one of claims 1 to 9. Generator ( 1 ) of a wind turbine ( 100 ), in particular a slowly rotating synchronous ring generator, with a generator stator ( 5 ), and a relative to the generator stator ( 5 ) rotatably mounted generator rotor ( 3 ), the generator stator ( 5 ) at least one laminated stator core ( 10 ), in which a plurality of grooves are provided, in which the stator winding is accommodated, characterized in that the generator stator has at least one stator lamination stack according to claim 10 or 11. Wind energy plant ( 100 ), in particular gearless wind turbine, with a tower ( 102 ), a gondola rotatably mounted on the tower ( 104 ), a hub rotatably mounted on the nacelle ( 106 ) with a number of rotor blades ( 108 ), and a generator ( 1 ) for providing electrical energy, comprising a generator rotor connected to the hub ( 3 ) and a generator stator connected to the nacelle ( 5 ), characterized in that the generator is designed according to claim 12.

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