DE102016104159B4 - Process for processing silage - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the preparation of silage from meadow cut, field feed and / or wild herbs for use in the fattening of herbivorous livestock, comprising at least the steps of:
1.1. Loosening and equalizing the silage,
1.2. Drying of the silage by means of air with a temperature of less than or equal to 65 ° C to a remaining dry matter in the silage of at most 95% of the total mass, wherein
alternating colder and warmer air is used, wherein
the warmer air is generated due to the warmer time of the day and as colder air the ambient air is used during the night time or air cooled by other natural cooling processes, and
1.3. Mince the silage using a mill.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the treatment of silage from meadow cut, field feed and / or wild herbs.

It is well known to keep herbivorous livestock in stables and to feed under certain housing conditions, especially fattening conditions, in order to achieve the best possible weight gain and / or laying performance. Especially in pigs and poultry, it is known to carry out cereal mast with corncob silage, whey and cereals, as well as by-products from the food industry, root crop fattening or, for example, pure whey feeding. Earlier alternative animal protein products, such as fish meal or meat bone meal, are no longer accessible or only under strict conditions since the announcement of the animal epidemic BSE.

There has therefore long been an effort to find an ecological and near-natural feeding means, which makes it possible to replace part of the concentrated feed by harmless, on a farm itself to produce products, but at the same time a loss in the effectiveness of rearing, Posture and mast.

For example, the book " Animal Nutrition and Feed Science "by Karl-Heinz Menke and Walter Huss, ISBN 3-8001-2410-6, in particular the chapter" Feed as a carrier "on pages 157-161 , referenced. In this document it is shown that herbivorous livestock in addition to the feeding with concentrates also green fodder, especially grass silage, can receive. However, it is generally stated that such supplements would not be sufficient to meet the high energy needs of beef cattle.

A similar investigation is also in "Breeding Customer", 70, (5) p.372-388, 1998, ISSN 0044-5401 in "Use of Grass Silage in Pigs" by G. Bellof et al. shown. In this study, the influence of grass silage feeding on the daily increase is summarized in such a way that with increasing amount of silage in the mastration, the total weight gain of the animals decreased and in the final mast the daily increase was significantly lower in the two investigated groups with grass silage feeding than in the control group. Furthermore, it is shown that this feeding effect would have a negative effect on the carcass quality of the tested experimental groups.

Above all, from the patent DE 102 34 622 C1 a method of fattening herbivorous livestock, especially of pigs, known, wherein the livestock in their fattening receive both concentrated feed and grass silage. The known method is characterized in that over a period of at least 30 days, based on the dry matter, between 20% and 30% of the total diet of grass silage, made from young grass clippings exists.

In a feeding experiment of the federal program "organic farming and other forms of sustainable agriculture" at the Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, project BÖLN (FKZ: 2811OEO77, CORE Organic II, ICOPP (FKZ: 2811OE022) "Lucerne Silage from Special Use and Technological Processing in Organic Poultry and pig feeding "became the procedural approaches of the patent DE 102 34 622 C1 approved.

• - Auflockern und Entzerren der Silage,
• - Trocknen der Silage mittels Luft, und
• - Zerkleinern der Silage.

Furthermore, from the document WO 2007/062 520 A1 a process for the preparation of silage is known, with the process steps:

• - loosening and equalizing the silage,
• - drying the silage by means of air, and
• - Mincing the silage.

As a further prior art is to the document WO 99/35 456 A1 directed.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for the preparation of silage, which ensures a preservation of all nutrients contained in the silage, so that the thus processed silage optimally used in the feeding, especially in the fattening of herbivorous farm animals such as poultry or pigs can be.

This object is solved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the subordinate claims.

The inventor has recognized that by the method described below, silage can be further processed so that it is substantially digestible and nutritious for herbivorous farm animals, so that the present invention processed silage with good results in feeding, especially in the mast, can be used.

• - Auflockern und Entzerren der Silage,
• - Trocknen der Silage mittels Luft mit einer Temperatur von kleiner gleich 65°C bis zu einer in der Silage verbleibenden Trockensubstanz von höchstens 95% der Gesamtmasse, wobei alternierend kältere und wärmere Luft verwendet wird, wobei die wärmere Luft aufgrund der wärmeren Tageszeit erzeugt wird und als kältere Luft die Umgebungsluft während der Nachtzeit oder durch sonstige natürliche Abkühlungsprozesse abgekühlte Luft verwendet wird, und
• - Zerkleinern der Silage unter Verwendung einer Mühle.

Accordingly, the inventor proposes a method of processing silage from grassland cut, field crops and / or wild herbs for use in the fattening of herbivorous livestock, comprising at least the steps:

• - Loosening and equalizing the silage,
• Drying of the silage by means of air at a temperature of less than or equal to 65 ° C to a remaining in the silage dry matter of at most 95% of the total mass, with alternately colder and warmer air is used, the warmer air is generated due to the warmer time of day and as colder air the ambient air is used during the night time or air cooled by other natural cooling processes, and
• - Mincing the silage using a mill.

In one embodiment, the warmer air used for drying is generated due to the warmer time of day and available solar energy.

Preferably, the silage is dried to a residual dry matter of at most 85% of the total mass.

By means of the method according to the invention for the further processing of silage, a gently dried lining material is produced which is particularly easy to digest by herbivorous livestock and whose feeding leads to good results, in particular in the mast.

The silage is produced according to the patent DE 102 34 622 C1 described by the Applicant. As a starting material for silage, however, a section of naturally growing (permanent) meadow, from sown arable, preferably from clover grass, alfalfa, white or red clover and grasses, and / or used from wild herbs. The silage produced in this way is pressed silage.

The steps of the method according to the invention are preferably carried out in the order given. In the following, the description of preferred embodiments of the method always refers to the specified sequence of method steps.

In a first step, the silage is loosened up and equalized in order to make the silage, which is heavily compressed during production, more permeable to air. For this example, at least two star rollers are used.

During the subsequent drying of the silage heat pump technology, biogas technology and / or a heat exchanger is preferably used. In this case, air at a temperature of less than or equal to 60 ° C, advantageously less than or equal to 40 ° C, used, since this temperature range is optimal to maintain the natural structures of the silage. The silage is dried to a residual dry matter of at most 95% of the total mass, preferably at most 85% of the total mass.

The silage can be dried continuously either with constant air temperature. According to the invention, a so-called alternating drying process is used. During drying, cold and warmer air are alternately used and fed to the silage.

Advantageously, the silage is meanwhile stored in air-permeable drying containers. The drying containers preferably comprise a thin-walled and heat-conducting envelope made of metal or plastic. The silage drying bins are stored for the alternating drying process in a building, preferably made of sheet metal, with a double-walled outer shell.

The different temperatures of the air used are inventively used according to the day and night. Furthermore, according to the invention warmer air is generated due to the warmer time of day and fed to the drying containers, where they can be partially stored. Furthermore, the air is additionally heated, for example by solar collectors. As a colder air, the ambient air, for example, from a building north side and / or during the night or cooled by other natural cooling processes air can be used. For example, the air can be further cooled by means of evaporation or water cooling.

In the alternate drying process, the silage is first heated by supplying warmer air, thereby releasing moisture. Then colder ambient air is passed through the still warm silage, which heats up by removing the heat still contained in the silage. This reduces their relative humidity, so that more moisture can be released from the silage into the air. This will continue to dry the silage. As the environment warms up again, for example at the beginning of the day, warmer air is supplied again. This drying cycle is carried out until the silage has reached the desired dry substance.

Preferably, the different day and night times are used for the temperature differences of the air. According to a non-inventive embodiment, a different north or south orientation is used.

Optionally, the silage before or after drying a high-frequency voltage get abandoned. As a result, an improved digestion of nutrients and a better digestion of silage are achieved.

Next, the loose and dried silage is minced. For this purpose, at least one mill, such as a hammer mill, can be used. In a preferred embodiment, a mill with a maximum discharge screen size of 10 mm is used for comminution, whereby later a further separation of the silage, for example a screen separation, can take place.

Optionally, the components of the green material, namely leaves and stems, which are contained in the silage, can be separated from one another before the silage is comminuted. One embodiment provides that the separation takes place in at least two fractions, with a first fraction containing predominantly leaves and a second fraction containing predominantly stems. The separation is preferably carried out with the aid of a threshing unit.

Furthermore, either both fractions and / or only one of the fractions can be separated. Preferably, the two fractions are each crushed separately.

Subsequently, in a preferred embodiment, the first fraction and the second fraction can be combined in a quantitative ratio such that a predetermined minimum proportion or a predetermined maximum proportion of stems is contained in the sum of the fractions. The predetermined minimum or maximum amount of stalks depends on the further use of the silage and the feed requirements of the respective farm animals. If the processed silage is to be used in the poultry mast, the proportion of stalks is preferably kept low. Alternatively, the largest possible proportion of stalks is used for use in pig breeding in order to contribute to the statutory observance of the crude fiber content of 8% in the gestation phase of the animals.

Furthermore, a silage treatment device for carrying out the above-described method according to the invention is described, comprising at least: a feeding station for placing the silage on a conveyor belt, a loosening device comprising at least two star rollers arranged in the same direction of rotation and intermeshing with the conveyor belt, an air drying device , and a shredder for silage. The said devices are arranged in the order of sequence in the material flow of the silage.

The loosening device has at least two star rollers. A preferred embodiment provides for three star rollers. The star rollers are arranged above the conveyor belt and parallel to the axis. Furthermore, the star rollers engage in rotation during rotation and preferably run in the same direction of rotation. In a particularly favorable embodiment, at least two starwheels have different speeds. For example, a first and a second star roller are traveling at the same speed but at a different speed than a third star roller. Advantageously, the speed of the first star roller is smaller than that of the second star roller. The greater speed of the second star roller is preferably twice, at most four times, the speed of the first star roller. The first starwheel advantageously rotates at the same speed as the conveyor belt with the silage to be loosened up. The diameter of the starwheels used can be between 30 cm to 100 cm.

In a preferred embodiment, the air drying device is designed as a belt, drum or batch dryer.

To carry out the alternating drying process according to the invention, the treatment device comprises at least one drying container in which the silage is stored during drying. The drying container preferably has a closed, as thin-walled and heat-conducting envelope made of metal or plastic.

Furthermore, in another embodiment, a threshing unit may be provided, which is arranged in front of the comminuting device. The comminution device preferably comprises at least one mill.

In addition, the feeding of processed by the process described above silage in the fattening of herbivorous livestock, especially pigs or poultry, described, wherein the silage is added to at least one of the following additives: amino acid, fermented cereals, fermented feed and / or feeding acid in Form of lactic, citric, formic and / or butyric acid.

In particular, by the addition of amino acids, the crude protein content of the feed, including silage, can be greatly reduced, which in turn leads to a lower burden on livestock as well as to less nitrogen or nitrate pollution in the manure. For example, α and / or β-amino acids such as lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine and thryptophan are used.

By adding fermented grain or fermented feed, the processed silage can be fermented. As fermented cereals, for example, various shot forms, in particular rapeseed meal and sunflower meal, are used.

In the following the invention will be described in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment with the aid of the figure, wherein only the features necessary for understanding the invention are shown.

• 1: eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Aufbereitungsvorrichtung für Silage.

They show in detail:

• 1 : A schematic representation of a treatment device according to the invention for silage.

The 1 shows a schematic representation of a treatment device according to the invention 10 for silage for carrying out the silage treatment process according to the invention. The processing device 10 includes a feeding station A , the silage to be processed a conveyor belt F supplies. The feeding station A is for example designed as a silo. Furthermore, three parallel to the axis above the conveyor belt F arranged and running in the same direction of rotation starwheels S includes. The star rollers S have a star-shaped cross-section with several interlocking star points. The first starwheel rotates in this embodiment at the same speed as the conveyor belt F and thereby slows down the silage on the conveyor belt F , The middle star roller S rotates at two to four times the speed of the first starwheel S , The last star roller S in turn rotates at two to four times the speed of the middle star roll S ,

Subsequently, the silage by means of air in a drying device T dried. The air flow used is shown by dashed lines. The air has a temperature of at most 40 ° C. In the embodiment shown here, the drying device T designed as a drum dryer.

The dried silage is in a next step with the help of a threshing unit D size-dependent split into two fractions. This results in a fraction with the finer components, which mainly contains leaves, and a second fraction with the coarser constituents, which contains predominantly stems. The fraction containing the stems is removed by means of a mill M further crushed, the mill M has a maximum discharge screen size of 10 mm and without sieve. Both fractions, so the leaves and the further shredded stems, each a separate storage silo V (b) respectively V (s) fed.

Depending on the livestock to which the processed silage is to be fed, the two fractions with different proportions in a common storage silo V merged again. The quantitative ratio can, for example, by means of two rotary valves Z be set. For the feeding of pigs a predominant stalk portion is used and for the feeding of poultry a predominant leaf portion. Optionally, the processed silage can also be mixed with other additives, such as amino acids.

Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the invention is not limited to the following combinations of features, but it can also be formed for the skilled person obviously executable other combinations and sub-combination of the disclosed features.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

treatment device

A

feeding station

D

Dreschaggregat

F

conveyor belt

M

Mill

S

star roller

T

drying device

V (s), V (b), V

storage silo

Z

rotary

Claims (11)

Method of processing silage from meadow cut, field crops and / or wild herbs for use in the fattening of herbivorous livestock, comprising at least the steps: 1.1. Loosening and equalizing the silage, 1.2. Drying of the silage by means of air with a temperature of less than or equal to 65 ° C to a remaining in the silage dry matter of at most 95% of the total mass, wherein alternately colder and warmer air is used, the warmer air is generated due to the warmer time of day and as colder air the ambient air is used during the night time or air cooled by other natural cooling processes; and 1.3. Mince the silage using a mill. Method according to the preceding Claim 1 , characterized in that the warmer air used for drying is generated due to the warmer time of day and existing solar energy. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 2 , characterized in that the silage is dried to a dry matter of at most 85% of the total mass. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the drying of the silage, the heat pump technology, biogas technology and / or a heat exchanger is used. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that air is used at a temperature of less than or equal to 40 ° C during drying. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that during comminution a mill (M) with a discharge screen size of at most 10 mm is used. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that prior to the crushing of the silage separation into at least two fractions takes place, wherein a first fraction contains predominantly leaves and a second fraction contains predominantly stems. Method according to the preceding Claim 7 , characterized in that the separation is carried out with the aid of a threshing unit (D). Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 to 8th , characterized in that the first fraction is comminuted separately from the second fraction. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 to 9 , characterized in that the second fraction is comminuted separately from the first fraction. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 7 to 9 , characterized in that the first fraction and the second fraction are combined in a quantitative ratio such that in the sum of the fractions a predetermined minimum proportion or a predetermined maximum proportion of stems is included, wherein the predetermined minimum and maximum proportion after further use of the Silage and the feed claims of the respective farm animals.

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