DE102016002561A1 - Method for producing healds and product produced therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates generally to the field of weaving machines. Weaving machines are suitable for the production of flat textiles. In the production of such textiles, healds are used in the weaving machine. The healds are subject to wear during the weaving process. The wear is caused by the fact that the healds on the one hand perform a lifting movement of a relatively high frequency and on the other hand that a high-speed warp thread passes through a heddle eye arranged in the heald. The quality of a Litzenauges has great influence on the abrasion of the surface of a warp thread and on the life of a Litzenauges. According to the invention, the passage opening of a Litzenauges is treated with an energy beam of a laser optical unit. Due to the laser treatment arise at the edges of the passage openings guide portions with rounded, consisting of circumferential ridges with particularly smooth surface and greater hardness and are produced by means of inventive method. This results in healds with special quality and long life.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a method for producing a heddle according to claim 1 and a method for producing at least one guide section in a through-opening of a heald using a first machining method I according to claim 2 and a method for producing at least one guide section in a through-opening of a heald under application A second machining method II according to claim 5. The two methods produce a heald from a strip-shaped material or a thin-walled stamped part having at least one guide section in a passage opening according to claim 8.

Healds are used in weaving mills. In weaving mills, woven or textile or wiry fabrics are produced by weaving machines. For the production of the tissues are among others. Healds inserted. The fabrics are made of interwoven warp and weft threads. The weft thread is guided at crossing points above or below the warp threads. Healds are generally used to position the warp yarns, with the healds being moved through the healds at high speed in their longitudinal direction to create shed formation.

A heald is thus a lifting element for those warp threads with which a tray is formed. The healds have in their middle an eye, the so-called Litzenauge (also called thread eye) through which a warp thread is guided in use. The healds are usually pin-shaped, band-shaped or needle-shaped and have, for example at their ends, guide elements or receiving devices, in particular in the form of openings, preferably in the form of end eyelets on. The guide elements or Endösen serve z. B. for attachment to a Litzentragschiene in Webschäften.

State of the art

Such a heddle for movement, in particular for guiding at least one warp thread in a loom, therefore has at least one strand shank. The Litzenschaft is equipped at its end with at least one guide element and at least one Litzenauge. The guide elements are for receiving in a weaving machine, while a Litzenauge serves to receive a warp thread. A Litzenauge is formed as a passage opening in the Litzenschaft, wherein the passage opening has at least one guide portion for a warp thread, wherein the guide portion is arranged perpendicular to the passage opening. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a heald.

Such usually pin-shaped, band-shaped or acicular healds, usually exist. from a Litzenschaft, which has at its two free, longitudinally opposite end portions, at least one guide element. Preferably, two guide elements or openings per strand shank are arranged in a heald and known from the prior art for a long time. Such healds are used in many weaving mills. Due to steady increases in performance of modern weaving machines, but it has become necessary to raise the power limit of healds also. To increase the performance limit and thus the life of healds, the focus has been on the materials and their refinement. Mostly, unhardened steel strip was used. In the next step, in order to mechanically increase the life of healds, partially expensive materials such as hardened steel or plastics coated with a metal layer or metal alloy layer, such as the DE 10 2007 060 491 A1 known, used. In the further consideration regarding the life of a heald, their wear-prone areas were examined more closely. As wear-susceptible bodies come here on the one hand, the guide elements or receiving devices, in particular in the form of end eyelets, and on the other hand, the Litzenaugen into consideration.

An improvement or reinforcement of the end eyelets, for example, the description of the DE 199 12 419 B4 be removed. The end eyelets or openings have a shape of open or closed end eyelets or loops. The forms of the Endösen / loops can, as from the DE 10 2007 060 491 A1 known, for example, O-shaped, C-shaped, J-shaped, V-shaped, U-shaped, just to name a few. About these Endösen / loops the healds are arranged on a Litzentragschiene or connected via the Litzentragschiene with an associated heald. The arrangement of the healds is usually floating, ie, the healds are stored relatively movable to the weaving shank, because they are strung on a heddle, with this hooked in the heald.

A higher strength of the end eyelets is achieved by additional bruises in the stranded tape or, as for example from DE 1 950 903 A1 known, by edgewise bending the end sections. With such measures, the life of a heald in the connection area to the heddle support rail could be increased. But it remains questionable whether the life of a Litzenauges approximately the life of the guide elements or recording devices, eg. B. in the form of end eyelets, corresponds. D. h., Whether the life of the guide elements, by the mechanical load on the Litzentragschiene, more or less coincides with the limited life of the Litzenauges or approximately coincides with it. A Litzenauge can be so quickly destroyed by modern art and wire fibers that weaving is no longer possible, although the guide elements of the Endösen, due to the mechanical stress, yet no signs of fatigue.

Furthermore, as indicated above, the healds have at least one eye, the so-called Litzenauge. The Litzenauge is formed as a passage opening in the Litzenschaft between the guide elements and the end eyelets and usually arranged in the central region of a Litzenschaftes. Through the Litzenauge always runs a warp thread during the weaving process. Usually only one warp thread is guided per heald. However, healds are known from the prior art, which have multiple Litzenaugen or in which a plurality of warp threads are passed through a Litzenauge.

During the production of fabric, the warp threads are guided at high speed through the Litzenaugen, with a constant friction on the warp threads and the heald in the area of Litzenauges takes place. The friction between a warp thread and a heddle leads to abrasion of the heddle eye and to abrasion on the warp thread. This abrasion thus leads to undesirable wear on the surface of warp threads until this wear leads to the tearing off of a warp thread. The abrasion also leads to undesirable wear on the surface of a through hole until this wear leads to grooves in the surface of a Litzenauges and favors a tear of warp threads.

Measures for reducing the friction and thus the wear, are known from the prior art. In the prior art, many heddles are made of strip-shaped flat steel. The production is usually done by punching processes, d. H. the eyelets / loops for the guide elements and the passage openings for the Litzenaugen be punched out of the strip material. These punching processes usually result in the formation of punching chips and burrs, which severely damage the surface of the passing warp threads and cause premature demolition. To prevent damage to warp threads and healds in the area of the Litzenauges, the Litzenaugen after punching are usually sanded, brushed, polished or gummed. D. h., It is trying to reduce the surface roughness of the through hole of a Litzenauges. However, the reduction of the surface roughness is only possible after the production of a heald, with additional working methods, whereby the production process of a heald is considerably more expensive. Furthermore, with these mechanical grinding, brushing and polishing methods, no defined, repeatable profiles can be achieved in the passage opening as guide sections for a warp thread.

The closest prior art is the DE 10 2013 021 028 A1 considered. The DE 10 2013 021 028 A1 discloses a heddle and a method of manufacturing a heddle, in particular a flat steel heddle, for weaving wire mesh. The Litzenauge in the heald is formed as a passage opening in the Litzenschaft by punching. In order to avoid damage to the surface, especially with very fine warp threads, beats the DE 10 2013 021 028 A1 an electrochemical treatment method of the Litzenaugen ago. The electrochemical treatment method is an electrolytic plasma polishing, which is intended to reduce the surface roughness in the through hole of a Litzenauges. The plasma coats the workpiece and results in a reduction in roughness and removal of organic and inorganic contaminants with minimal loss of mass. The typical material removal, depending on the material specification, is between 2-8 μm per minute. In addition to the surface smoothing, the material removal also forms a dome in the stranded eye and continuously rounds it, resulting in two, opposite guide sections with a vertex line, for guiding a warp thread in the stranded eye. The two, opposite to a Litzenauge guide sections are always rounded and have a common tip. A surface produced and treated by ablation in the stranded eye has a low roughness, so that a mechanical aftertreatment of the stranded eye is not necessary. The disadvantage of using this electrolytic plasma polishing for smoothing surfaces on the one hand is that an additional process step is necessary, which is connected to the production of a heald and on the other hand, the entire heald is subjected to this process. Furthermore, in the formation of a dome as a crest line in Litzenauge, also a continuous rounding of the entire contour of a heald, which is not desirable and adversely affects. Another disadvantage is the very slow removal of material on Litzenauge, thereby significantly increasing the manufacturing cost of a heald.

Another solution for reducing friction on running through Litzenaugen warp threads, for example, results from the DE 29 53 141 C1 and the DE 699 05 782 T2 , From both documents it can be seen that an additional thread eyelet is used in a heald as Litzenauge. In the DE 29 53 141 C1 is disclosed that the heald during manufacture consists of a plastic part with an inserted therein, the thread eye eyelet. The eyelet is made of stainless steel and has a crescent-shaped profile. Disadvantages of this heald are the plastic eyelets which do not have the same service life as a thread eye made of case-hardened steel, because the plastic can not permanently withstand the high forces involved in weaving. Furthermore, an electrical charging of the healds is possible.

Remedy should be in this case, in the DE 699 05 782 T2 reveal revealed heald. The heald here consists of a stamped strip material in which, with the aid of a laser beam or water jet, a slot or incision is formed. Subsequently, the edges of the incision are pulled apart by deformation and between the exploded edges of a metal eyelet is used as Litzenauge. The eyelet corresponds in its outer shape of an ellipse or an oval and has a half-moon-shaped profile in its inner form. The eyelet is now attached by gluing, tinning, laser welding or by a crimp in the extended section of the heald. A disadvantage of this embodiment of the Litzenauges is that it is made in two parts and thus requires more steps for the production. Another disadvantage is that irregularities occur at the surfaces of the joints, between the inserted eyelet and the edges of the incision. These irregularities, z. B. sticking / soldering or welding residues, also cause Abschabungen on the warp threads, whereby the warp threads wear out faster. In order to eliminate the surface irregularities, it would be necessary to perform additional mechanical finishing, by means of grinding, brushing and polishing methods, as a finishing operation, which would have a noticeable negative effect on the production price.

From the DE 10 2007 048 761 B4 The use of a separate thread eye is also known, which is accommodated in an eyelet. This is a Drahtweblitze that is usually copper-plated and nickel-plated in the area of the thread eye. It has been found that during the nickel plating process, nickel tips are produced which also damage the warp threads. To increase the wear resistance and thus the life of a thread eye, a separate thread eye with hardened surface is used. The attachment of such a separate thread eye in the eye of a heald, carried by the use of adhesives. But exactly the use of adhesives, for attaching a thread eye in the heald, has disadvantages. On the one hand, the life of such a separate Fadenauges is increased and on the other hand, it is again reduced at the point of connection to the wire loop and the adhesive. This interface is mechanically susceptible to the impacts encountered during weaving.

From the prior art, it is known that most healds are made of strip-shaped flat steel, the contours of the healds usually cost reasons. be punched out. Due to the mechanical production process "punching", burrs, roughness and other sharp edges often occur. With every stamped contour of a heddle, production-related causes sharp edges, which are generally not disturbing. The breakthroughs of the Litzenaugen but represent an exception. Sharp edges on the Litzenaugen produce on the running through the Litzenauge warp, increased abrasion, which is essential to avoid. As stated previously in the prior art, the healds undergo various processes and processes after manufacture. These methods and processes, such as brushing, grinding, and polishing as smoothing machining, are used to eliminate sharp edges and burrs. These mechanical removal methods have disadvantages because on the one hand an existing burr can be pressed into the edges and on the other hand no defined, repeatable contours can be formed in the passage opening of a Litzenauges.

Trowalizing is usually very good for removing a burr. Due to the very small contours, in this case the through-openings for the heddle eyes, tumbling, due to the size of the abrasive grains, is not a suitable method in this case and no defined profile can be achieved in the through-opening. As a further removal process would be a chemical deburring in question. Chemical deburring as an etching process would thus be a possibility, but for cost reasons fails. The reason is the large number of up to 10,000 healds and more, which can be used in a weaving machine. The smoothening of through holes in stranded eyes by removing the sharp edges and ridges, could also be done with the aid of an electrolytic plasma polishing. Material is also removed with this method, and a contour arises in the through-opening of the Litzenauges, as shown in the 3 and 4 of the DE 10 2013 021 028 A1 is apparent. The contour is, for example, elliptical, parabolic, circular and / or dome-shaped. The rounding of the dome may have a constant or variable radius. Corners and edges are smoothed by this erosion process, and there is a rounded dome with a crest line in the through hole. The disadvantages of electrolytic plasma polishing have previously been described. In summary, it can be stated that, in today's production technology, use is required of contouring production processes such as embossing, punching, drilling, etc., post-processing processes such as deburring, brushing, fine grinding, etc.

Object of the invention

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art and to an additional coating by application of the known methods, such. As copper plating, nickel plating, which on the one hand make the surface of a Litzenauges wear-resistant and on the other hand negatively increase the surface roughness, to dispense. Furthermore, no additional eyelets should be used as Litzenauge. The application of the known mechanical post-processing processes from ablation processes and the chemical / electrochemical removal processes should also be dispensed with. It is to be manufactured healds, which are cost-effective to manufacture by optimizing work processes and contain the Litzenaugen, which have a longer life. The Litzenaugen must not contain any sharp edges and ridges and must have at least one guide element with low surface roughness, which significantly reduces the abrasion of the warp threads and a gentle weaving is possible. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser technology because the industry needs faster and more efficient processes in the manufacture of healds.

The challenge is on the one hand to avoid sharp edges and burrs at the through holes of Litzenaugen and eliminate them without the known Abtragungsverfahren, wherein a through hole is provided with at least one guide portion for a warp and on the other hand, the guide portion has a low surface roughness and greater hardness has as the Litzenschaft, so that at a, at high speed through the passage opening guided through warp, almost no abrasion takes place. These tasks can be achieved only by the use of a machining method, which has not yet been used in the production of heald eyes in healds, thus new and meets the requirements for solving the problem. The present invention, in place of the conventional mechanical and electrolytic process, employs a mainly thermal and physical process to accomplish the stated objects.

In particular, the invention relates to the design and manufacture of the so-called Litzenauges. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the above tasks to integrate a new work process in the production chain of a heald. Due to the new working process, which is incorporated into the temporal sequence of the working steps (process steps) in the manufacture of a heald, according to the invention a heald with new features.

When machining the edges at a passage opening, it must be made clear in advance what the person skilled in the art will do as an edge. designated. As an edge here the point or the edge is called, meet at the two mutually perpendicular surfaces to each other, wherein the surfaces form a corner with one of its edges. The outer contour of a Litzenschaftes a heald has a front and rear surface, which, due to the material thickness of the Litzenschaftes, four outer edges are present. In the production of a passage opening in a heald further edges on the front and back of a Litzenschaftes arise. These edges are defined by the cut surfaces, z. B. by the punching process, generated or arises in each case a circumferential edge on the front u. Rear surface of the Litzenschaftes around the passage opening. D. h., These two circumferential edges are characterized by the cut surfaces and the front u. Rear surface of the Litzenschaftes formed. When changing the circumferential edges, z. B. by mechanical removal methods for the removal of burrs at through holes, of course, a metal removal at the front u. Rear surface as well as at the cut surfaces. Such a process, the removal of burrs, is referred to by those skilled in the art as "making a radius on an edge". In the mechanical removal method, based on healds, the removal takes place more on the front u. Rear surface and a little more or less at the cut surfaces, so it creates uneven radii. In the electrochemical process, according to the DE 10 2013 021 028 A1 , The removal takes place at the peripheral edges of the through holes relatively equal to all surfaces and edges, thus also on the outer edges of the healds.

Presentation of the invention

To solve the task is proposed, not a removal process, but a Application method to use for processing the edges of a passage opening on a heald in the manufacturing process. The application process should be carried out by a laser beam method. With the laser beam method, a targeted and defined increase at the edges of cut surfaces is to be achieved. When machining the edges of a passage opening by means of a laser beam method, a method with two different machining processes I, II is used, whereby the same result is achieved with both machining processes. In the machining process I, which is characterized by a laser remelting process, the edges are worked without coating and nevertheless an increase in the edges is achieved. While in the machining process II, which consists of a laser application process, worked with a coating of the peripheral edges to a structured increase of the edges, for. B. in the form of a bead to reach. For the technical facts, the desired direction of increasing the structure by means of a circumferential bead on a circumferential edge must first be explained. As already indicated above, an edge is formed by the cut surfaces of a passage opening, as well as by the front and rear surfaces of a Litzenschaftes. The structure to be formed on the edge is to be formed predominantly on the cut surface of the edge and only to a small extent on the front and back surface of the litz shaft. When removing an edge at a passage opening and forming a radius, as known from the prior art, the radius center is equidistant from the front surface and the cut surface or from the rear surface and the cut surface. The required increased structure, which is formed on an edge of a through-hole in accordance with the invention, has a radius center, which can be substantially closer to the cut surface or even above the cut surface and has a smaller distance to the front or rear surface. The center of a radius of the bead can, but need not be congruent with the center of a radius radius at a worn or rounded edge of a through hole. The size and increase in the structure of a bead ultimately determine the center of the radius of the rounding of a bead.

According to the invention the object is achieved by a method for producing a heald on a machine installation with the features of claim 1, which includes the machining process I or II. The method for producing a heddle with the features of claims 2-4 is achieved by the application of the machining process I. The solution is that a remelting of the metal structure takes place. The remelting of the metal structure leads at least to the production of a guide section. A guide sections ensteht by the increase of an edge on the cut surface in the passage opening of a Litzenauges. While the method for producing a heddle with the features of claims 5-7, by the application of the machining process II is solved. Here, the solution is that an application of powder or wire, for generating at least one guide section by increasing an edge on the cut surface in the passage opening of a Litzenauges takes place. By both machining processes I and II, a heald with the features of claim 8. Preferred features are the subject of the dependent claims. Further advantages and features will become apparent from the description of the invention and the description of the embodiments.

The production of such an inventive heald, using a laser beam method and the machining processes I or II, with beads arranged at the circumferential edges of a through-hole as guide portions for warp threads, will be described by the following method. The methods include the method steps in a production facility in which the inventive laser-optical methods are integrated as additional processing devices for the production of guide sections on or in passage openings.

Such a solution of optimizing a work process to enable a time-efficient and cost-effective production of a heald, can only succeed if the new work process can be integrated into the process chain of the production line of a heald in time. On the one hand, therefore, the new work process must be able to be integrated between the previous method steps and, on the other hand, to be adapted to the time sequence of the work steps or method steps in the production of a heald in the machine installation. The timing of the machine system is determined by the punching devices and the further transport of a strip-shaped flat steel. In order to realize another inventive processing method in the process chain, it is necessary that these processing methods I or II satisfy the timing of the plant.

The method for producing a heald of thin-walled flat material which has at least one strand shank which contains at least one guide element and at least one passage opening for a Litzenauge is characterized by the following method steps. The first method step I relates to the provision of material. The material supply consists of a semi-finished product such. B. a sheet metal, strip steel or other suitable starting body. In this case, the starting body is selected such that two or more Healds can be made of it. Preferably, a band-shaped flat steel is used, which consists of rust-proof spring steel strip. The material is provided in a first workstation I. The first workstation I consists of a first device which receives a band-shaped flat steel arranged on a roll and provides it continuously, along a transfer path, in a buffer. Such a device is also referred to as a reel. Optionally or preferably a roller straightening device can be arranged on the transfer path, with the strip steel being directed and bumps being smoothed. The straightening relates to the raw strip material, which is associated with two form errors, referred to by the skilled artisan as a bow and saber. These errors are rolled out in the roller straightener immediately before the buffer loop. The buffer loop is needed to catch or adjust a discontinuous feed behavior of the radial tongs feed into the machinery, compared to the continuous feed of the straightening. A constant feed rate of the straightening system is crucial for the constant quality with regard to bows and sabers. In the second method step II, the strip-shaped flat steel is detected by means of a radial pliers feed, clocked taken from the buffer and the machinery, designed as a production line fed. Only in the machinery, the production of a heald. In the machine plant, the individual processing devices that make up the production line are arranged one after the other. The processing devices consist of a punching device for the guide elements and the Litzenauge, an optical laser unit for lasers (increase and refinement) of the edges of a Litzenauges and / or the end eyelets, a bending device for twisting a thread eye, a punching device for embossing or widening of the guide elements and a punching and bending device for tearing the guide elements and for separating the healds. The arrangement of the processing devices in such a machine system is from the 2 seen.

With this arrangement and sequence of devices in the machinery, resulting in a machining sequence in the manufacturing process. If one were in the production of a heald on the processing sequence of the individual processes or the devices in the workstations II-VI, as in 2 indicated, would result in the following processing sequence: - punching the guide elements - punching the Litzenauges, - laser edges of the Litzenauges and / or the Endösen, - twisting the Litzenauges, - embossing the guide elements, - crimping of the guide elements and - separating the healds. In this processing sequence, due to the arrangement of the openings in a heald, the strip material would always have to be pushed back and forth between the work stations II-VI. In order to avoid this, the manufacturing process for the production of healds has been optimized and the strand of flat strip material in only one direction, the direction of passage, moved, ie, in the arrangement order of the workstations II-VI.

However, the method for producing healds made of thin-walled flat material does not take place according to the order of the working stations II-VI arranged in the machine installation, but advantageously on the basis of a software used to control the workstations II-VI. The software allows a different processing order, preferably in the order of work stations VI, II, V, IV, V, II and III. This means that two workstations are controlled twice, uzw. the workstation II (main punching tool) and the workstation V (embossing of the guide elements). The machine program therefore includes the five workstations, which are controlled with seven processing steps. These seven processing steps 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are repeated constantly, it does not matter in which processing step z. B. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, the program begins. If a workstation is assigned to each processing step, the following procedure results: Processing step / work station 1 = VI, 2 = II, 3 = V, 4 = VI, 5 = V, 6 = II and 7 = III. After seven processing steps, a heald from the strand is completed. The entire flat strip material or strand, which is located in the machinery, is now moved by means of the radial pliers feed until a punching, rounding, entanglement, etc. has reached the next associated workstation. Of course, additional workstations can be added to the healstring production process. This would only increase the number of processing steps to, for example, 1-8 or 1-9, etc., but the above principle of repetition of the processing steps and the different processing order would be maintained.

The manufacture of healds with a different processing order will be described in more detail below. Here, a distinction is made between a furnishing and a manufacturing process. Due to the different processing sequence, no finished heald is created during the set-up process. This is due to the optimization of the manufacturing process. The optimized manufacturing process results in a shorter lead time in the production of healds and thus a cost savings. Due to the different processing order, which is contrary to the arrangement order of the work stations II-VI, the following is more preferable Production process for healds according to the seven processing steps: 1 = AVI - crimping the two guide elements of the heald from the right and the heald from the left and separating the strand between the two healds, 2 = AII - punching the heald eye, 3 = AV - embossing the right guide element the previous (first heald from the right) heald, 4 = AIV - twisting of the heald eye, 5 = AV - embossing of the left guide element of the following heald (second heald from the left) heald, 6 = AII - punching the two guide elements into the previous heald from the right and in the following heald from left, 7 = AIII - lasers of the edges of a Litzenauges and formation of a bead.

With the seven process steps, the strand of strip material is processed by four healds located in the production line of the machine plant. The application of the seven process steps to the length of four healds is referred to as a run. Of course, less or more than the five indicated workstations can be used in the production line of the machinery. The number of workstations in the production line depends on the requirements of a heald and thus on the requirements of the embodiment. Is z. B. a crimping or embossing of the guide elements are not required, these tools are simply not driven and the number of process steps is reduced. If, in addition, an additional processing z. As the Litzenschaftes required a new workstation in the machinery, to expand the manufacturing process, integrated and the number of process steps would increase. The seven process steps, according to the processing steps 1 = AVI to 7 = AIII for producing a heald, will be explained in more detail below.

Initially, during the set up process, only the raw strip material prepared by the work station I is in the production line and protrudes from the punching and bending device of the work station VI at the end. The punching and bending device has two printing tools and a separating tool. The two printing tools consist of two pressure punches and are arranged next to each other in such a way that the separating tool is located therebetween. The two plungers of the bending device consist of two individual crimping tools. These tools can be designed differently, since the design of the requirements of the embodiment for a guide element depends. The left and right plungers press during the Einrichtungsprozesses in the raw strip material and the cutting tool, consisting of a separating punch, then cuts through the strand of the steel strip. The supernatant of the strip material with the, crushed by the left plunger tail on the left of the cutting tool, falls after separation as useless tail away. In principle, the tail forms the right end of a heald, which does not yet have a guide element in the set-up mode, while the left end of the first heald is also crushed by the right-hand punch because there is not yet, punched out of the workstation II guide element in the strip material. It can be seen that the work station VI with the two printing tools, across two healds, formative acts. These two, still integrally connected in the band material healds are separated only by the, arranged between the printing tools separating tool when embossing of the guide elements is done. Due to the separation of the strip steel is a separation of a contained in the strand heald. Other punches are at the time of the separation of the tail in the steel strip of the first, second, third and fourth heald yet not included, making the first four healds are useless. Since virtually four healds are in progress during the manufacturing process as endless strip, the first incomplete heald is in workstation VI and the fourth incomplete heald is in workstation II. Workstation II contains the main die, consisting of three cutting dies, two Cutting punch for the guide elements and a cutting punch for the Litzenauge are provided.

The next step in the process of obtaining a first finished heald now concerns the punching of a stranded eye in the work station II. The stranded eye is now punched into the fourth heald with the aid of a cutting punch. As described above, the healds lying in front of the fourth heddle two and three, therefore, no punching or other processing on. In the next setup step, the right end of the first heald in the workstation V is embossed around a not-yet punched out guide member. The strip material is squeezed in only two places. In the following second heald now in the workstation IV of the area is twisted around a not yet existing Litzenauge. The twisting can consist of a twisting or of an offset. In the next step takes place in the workstation V, at the left end of the second heald embossing to a not yet existing, punched-out guide element, wherein the strip material is squeezed in only two places. In the fourth heald two guide elements are now punched simultaneously in the band steel in the workstation II. This is the right guide element of the fourth heald and the left guide element of the fifth heald. from that It can be seen that, starting from the fifth heald, the first usable heald is formed when leaving the workstation VI, the separating. Now takes place, still in the third heald, the rounding of the edges of a passage opening in the Litzenauge by the use of laser beams, wherein in the third heald no Litzenauge is included. It can be seen from the above description that with the seven described method steps, the first pass, ie the processing of the first four healds, which are in the course of the production process, has taken place.

Before the next pass is repeated with the seven process steps described above, the strip steel is transported further. The transport of the strip-shaped flat steel, which is preferably used, is carried out by a radial nipper feed. The radial forceps advancement shifts the endless strip until the right end portion of the first heddle is positioned after the severing train and the left end portion of the second heddle lies in front of the severing tool. All four healds in the strand therefore move from one workstation to the next. The second pass begins with the first unusable heald being severed in the workstation VI, a stranded eye is punched in the fifth heald in workstation II, and workstation V enters the second heald around the right but not yet present guide element Embossing, in the workstation IV takes place in the third heald twisting of the Litzenschaftes in the field of non-existent Litzenauges, in the workstation V is now in the third heald around the left, but not yet existing guide element, an embossing, in the workstation II in the fifth heald the right and in the sixth heald punched out the left guide element, and in the workstation III takes place in the fourth heald laser irradiation a not yet existing through hole of a Litzenauges. Now, the further transport of the strip steel and thus the further transport of the resulting healds takes place again. After hiking the steel strip, z. B. the third heald, from the workstation V to the next workstation VI, the third pass begins for the seven process steps. These processes, the passage through the seven process steps and the indexing of the steel strip, are repeated constantly. After the fifth stroke and the sixth pass, the setup process is complete and the first complete heald is made. Such a heald now contains all, through the seven processing steps in the five workstations, mechanically performed punching and embossing and laser processing of Litzenauges. In the further running through the manufacturing process of complete healds and the lot size ordered in order is made.

From the point of view of the first workstation I, the provision of the semi-finished product, now follow the next workstations II-VI for the production process of healds, which form the structure or the overall concept for the machinery. The workstation I thus follows the next workstation II. This second workstation II consists of a processing device for punching. In the punching device is a device which performs the punching at least one guide element, preferably of two guide elements, and at least one passage opening in the band-shaped flat steel. In the punching process, it can also be provided to punch out a contour for the strand shank. This is followed by Workstation III. This third workstation consists of a machining apparatus for the machining process I or a machining apparatus for the machining process II, for melting material. For melting material, a laser device is used, with which the strip material can be melted at certain points. The laser device consists of an open chamber containing various processing elements, mainly optical elements. The chamber is part of a processing apparatus and part of a laser-optical unit for the processing process I or II, which form the workstation III and is referred to as "laser station" or "edge processing station". It takes up only part of the length of a heald, uzw. the part of a heald in which a Litzenauge is located. For this purpose, the chamber has an inlet and an outlet opening through which the heald is transported. If a heald is positioned in a chamber, it is closed and flooded with protective gas. The processing method II can do without the inert gas or even without the chamber. Advantageously, the processing method II, for processing the edges of a Litzenauges, also like the machining process I, in a sealed chamber.

A next process step relates to the melting and melting of the edges and thus the lasing of a Litzenauges. Lasering is now to treat the two circumferential edges spaced parallel by the material thickness of the flat steel at the through-hole with a laser-optical process according to the machining process I or II. Next, the procedure for the machining process I will be described. For this purpose, the inlet and outlet openings of the chamber is closed and via a separate access flows in a protective gas. At the same time, a camera system determines the exact location of at least one edge, preferably of two edges, of the through opening punched out on the top and bottom side or on the front and back, in the strand shank. One Starting point as a reset is selected and then the connection of at least one energy beam, preferably of two energy beams takes place, the two beams via at least one controllable deflection mirror, preferably via two deflection mirror, follow the edges at a passage opening to the end point and this melting, wherein the Endpoint is largely in the starting point. The travel path of the laser beams is determined by the contour of the passage opening and thus the desired Litzenauges. Any contour of a Litzenauges can be laser-processed. Advantageously, the edges running around at the front and at the back of the Litzenschaftes are lasered simultaneously. When using the machining process II, the process is similar. There are two different applications during the process. One difference is that another laser processing head is used. The laser processing head is suitable, in addition to the melting of an edge, this for processing to supply powder. Another difference is that the powder is introduced into the laser beam via an additional device.

After processing and remelting or by melting and application of additional material on the edges of a through hole, at least one circumferential bead has been created as an increase for a guide section, preferably two circumferential beads were formed as guide sections. The production of two guide sections with a mirror-like surface finish is completed. Now, the inlet and outlet opening of the chamber is opened after switching off the laser beams and shuts off the flow of inert gas after a predetermined delay time.

Following the laser station III or edge processing station III follows the workstation IV, which provides a next processing device for bending. This bending device in the workstation IV is optional and not mandatory. In this processing device, the strand shank is rotated in the region around a passage opening of a Litzenauges until a projected opening is formed which corresponds to the diameter of a warp thread. A twisting, twisting or twisting of the Litzenauges is necessary because the healds for reasons of space lie flat against each other. If the healds lie against one another, a warp thread can not pass through the heddle eye "normally", therefore a projected opening is required through which the warp thread is then guided. During the rotation of a Litzenschaftes the punching edge of the passage opening is to be considered particularly sensitive, because in this embodiment, the arrangement of the Litzenauges the warp thread is guided only by the edges. Improvement of the guidance and remedy in the friction is achieved with the inventive treatment of the edges on Litzenauge. For particularly long healds and thus long Litzenschäften therefore additional rotations are introduced as a spacer and adhesion barrier at regular intervals in the Litzenschaft.

The twisting of the Litzenschaftes takes place only in a certain defined area, in which area the Litzenauge is arranged. This area is called a twisting section. In the processing device of the workstation IV a twisting section is introduced into the Litzenschaft, thereby creating a so-called Z-wire. In a Z-strand, the twisting portion is fixed around a Litzenauge around and brought by a forming process in a different permanent shape. The Litzenschaft is cold-formed in the twisting section on both sides of the Litzenauges. Due to the cold deformation of the twisting portion in which the Litzenauge is rotated from the plane of the Litzenschaftes by a certain angle. This twisting is also called twisting.

If, however, the workstation IV was advantageously used in the manufacturing process of a heald, then the stamped, tempered and twisted flat steel is fed on the next pass of the fifth workstation V by displacing the strand. This work station V also contains an optional embossing processing device and is not mandatory. This embossing device has a plunger. The plunger squeezes the strip material together at predetermined locations. These embossing points are each directly at the beginning and at the end of a guide element. These embossings become exhausted or widen a guide element. This expansion of the guide elements by means of the embossing device corresponds to a forming process. One calls all manufacturing processes, in which workpieces from firm raw parts are produced by permanent change of shape, forming process. The mass of the blank is equal to the mass of the finished part, its density is changed. The forming process corresponds to the fifth processing step (5 = AV) and relates to a deformation of the guide elements in the right and left end of a Litzenschaftes. The guide elements are widened by the forming process.

In addition to the widening of the front opening of the guide elements in the front and back of the Litzenschaftes, the two, arranged in the right and left end portion guide elements, a lateral opening to get. For this purpose, the heat-treated, tempered, twisted and embossed healds punched in the production process from the workstation V of the next workstation VI supplied. The next Workstation VI consists of a processing device. The processing device in turn consists of two devices, a bending and a separating device. The bending device has a plunger. The plunger serves to generate a lateral opening in a guide element. For this purpose, the webs are deformed on the left and right of a guide element, with the help of cold deformation, in opposite directions. Due to the opposite deformation of the webs forms a lateral opening between the webs. Both webs project thereby from the front and back of the Litzenschaftes out. The one bridge to the front and the other bridge to the back. As a result, a lateral opening is formed between the two webs, in addition to the front opening of a guide element. The deformation of the webs on a guide element serves to reinforce the end region of a heald. Furthermore, the webs, previously spaced parallel in the longitudinal direction, are stretched laterally, resulting in a larger somewhat oval front opening in the guide element. This stretching is achieved by a double-sided pinch on the front and back of the Litzenschaftes the band-shaped material. But it may also be sufficient to unilateral crushing, for example, on the front or on the back of the Litzenschaftes for reinforcement and deformation of the front opening. Furthermore, the pinching takes place in the longitudinal direction of the Litzenschaftes at the end and at the beginning of a guide element. Again, a bruise at the beginning or end of a leader could be sufficient. In principle, the lateral webs or legs of the guide elements of a heald are laterally offset from the Litzenschaftbreite by forming, extending above and at least in the region of one end of a guide element on both sides pinch on. The size of a pinch corresponds approximately to the width of a guide element. By squeezing the narrow sides of the guide elements, the longitudinal sides and thus the webs of the guide elements diverge and the front opening of a guide element increases. A previously, for example, rectangular contour of a front opening has, after performed crushing at the beginning and / or end of a guide portion on an approximately oval front opening. Due to the widening of the front opening and a lateral opening in the guide element, the sliding of the healds on rails or the insertion of rails in the guide elements, much easier.

Between the pressure stamps of the bending device, a separating device is still arranged. The separating device has a separating punch, which is also the subject of the workstation VI. The separator now takes over a separation of the previously band-shaped flat steel. For this purpose, the strand of the strip-shaped flat steel is separated between two spaced, lying in the later end region, guide elements. Cutting is used in manufacturing technology to refer to the processes in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by removing the material cohesion at the processing point. The change is made by removing the cohesion locally. The separation method is a dividing method in which a cutting tool is arranged in a punching device. The heald thus receives its final shape, which is included in the initial form of the strip-shaped flat steel. Due to the separation, the individual healds are created, which are still subject to optical control after separation. The separation of healds can, for example, also be carried out by other methods and / or can be prepared in a previous method step. For example, the separation point can be pre-etched, pre-punched or provided with suitable perforations as a predetermined breaking point.

• – Bereitstellung eines, auf einer Rolle angeordneten bandförmigen Flachstahls in einer ersten Arbeitsstation I und kontinuierliches Transportieren eines bandförmigen Flachstahls entlang einer Transferstrecke über ein Rollenrichtwerk in einem Puffer und Erfassen des bandförmigen Flachstahls mit Hilfe eines radialen Zangenvorschubs und wiederholte, getaktete Entnahme aus dem Puffer und Weitertransport des Stranges in die Fertigungsstraße der Maschinenanlage, jeweils nach Ablauf der nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsschritte und
• – Verformung der Stege von mindestens eines Führungselementes und Trennen des bandförmigen Flachstahls zwischen den beiden Führungselementen und
• – Stanzen eines Litzenauges und
• – Prägen eines Führungselementes und
• – Verdrallen eines Litzenauges und
• – Prägen eines Führungselementes und
• – Stanzen eines Führungselementes und
• – Lasern wenigstens einer Kante an der Durchgangsöffnung eines Litzenauges und/oder an einem Führungselement einer Endöse.

Using the machining processes I or II in the laser beam method, which will be described in detail below, the inventive method for producing a heald on a machine made of thin-walled flat material, which has at least one strand shank with at least one guide element and at least one passage opening for a Litzenauge used and produced by the following steps on a production line:

• - Providing a, arranged on a roll strip-shaped flat steel in a first workstation I and continuously transporting a strip-shaped flat steel along a transfer line via a roller straightening in a buffer and detecting the strip-shaped flat steel by means of a radial pliers feed and repeated, clocked removal from the buffer and further transport of the strand in the production line of the machinery, in each case after the expiry of the subsequent processing steps and
• - Deformation of the webs of at least one guide element and separating the strip-shaped flat steel between the two guide elements and
• - Punching a Litzenauges and
• - Embossing a guide element and
• - twisting a Litzenauges and
• - Embossing a guide element and
• - Punching a guide element and
• - Lasers at least one edge at the passage opening of a Litzenauges and / or on a guide element of a Endöse.

A time-consuming and cost-effective and thus economical production of healds, due to the optimization of the production process by the aforementioned manufacturing method using the machining processes I or II, achieved on a production line. The product produced according to the invention "heald" is by use of various and combined machining processes a functional end product, which can be used without further post-processing in weaving machines.

Laser beam processes for edge processing using the machining process I, which manage without the use of metallic additives, are known from the prior art, as shown below.

A laser beam method for removing sharp edges and burrs or contour excesses, z. B. from the DE 10 2007 056 112 A1 and DE 10 2009 000 321 A1 known. Both documents disclose the melting of loose metallic particles or the removal of burrs by machining by laser radiation. Heat generated by laser radiation is introduced for local melting of material, thereby melting the burr so that it either melts completely or the melt with the burr runs on or on the workpiece. However, a smoothing can also occur in such a way that the burr collapses due to the local melting process. The effect of the method, according to the DE 10 2007 056 112 A1 , is such that the molten burr material, under the influence of surface tension, is largely drawn into the punch breakout region. Since the volume of the ridge usually. smaller than the missing volume in the punching breakout area, the burr material disappears in the punching breakout, without the contour of the smooth cutting area being exceeded and the inner contour thus measurably decreasing. If the erosion is thus carried out by a laser beam method according to DE 10 2007 056 112 A1 , only the burr height at the edge between the cut surface and the outer surface of a workpiece is melted and the melt is integrated into the cut surface. This is a removal method by melting the burrs, whereby no defined guide section can be achieved in the passage opening of a Litzenauges.

From the DE 10 2013 100 706 A1 Another laser beam method for edge rounding by ablation is known. Partially protruding ridges are removed by evaporation and the edges are rounded. That is, the edge of a breakthrough is removed and smoothed until a certain flow rate is reached. This is also a removal process, creating a radius at one edge. But even here, no increase of a defined, circumferential bead can be formed with a certain surface roughness for the guide section, but it is only a rounding of an edge and removal of burrs. On the contrary, a targeted increase in an edge at a breakthrough would counteract exactly the target to be achieved and worsen the flow value.

The same is revealed by the DE 10 2014 012 447 A1 , Here also a partial ridge is melted and / or vaporized and / or burned off by application of an energy beam, whereby a burr is removed or at least reduced. The preparation of a round approximately considered in cross-section bead as a defined guide section with a certain surface roughness, at a circumferential edge of a through hole in a heald, is not technically possible with the described system of the prior art.

However, the invention relates to the design and manufacture of a so-called Litzenauges, or called thread eye. To solve the above tasks, it is necessary to integrate a new work process in the production chain of a heald, which can also be connected alternatively to the manufacturing process. The new machining process I is carried out by the use of a laser beam method. The laser beam method is used to machine the edges at a passage opening, wherein a through-hole is understood to mean a stranded eye and / or an end eye in the strand shank. The laser beam method for producing a heddle can advantageously be completely integrated into a production process according to claim 1. Due to the new machining process I, according to the claims 2-4, which incorporates or connects in the temporal sequence of steps (steps) in the manufacture of a heald in a machinery, arises according to the invention a heald with new features, according to claims 8-12 ,

The inventive method, using the machining process I, thus relates to the machining of at least one circumferential edge at a passage opening of a Litzenauges with a laser beam, preferably the processing of both circumferential edges, whereby two laser beams are used. D. h., Advantageously, the processing of the two circumferential edges takes place at the front and back of the Litzenschaftes simultaneously. The circumferential at the front and back of the Litzenschaftes edges are spaced parallel. The parallel distance of the peripheral edges to each other depends on the material thickness of the strip-shaped flat steel used, from which the Litzenschaft is formed. These two circumferential edges on the Passage opening of a Litzenauges a heald to be treated with the inventive processing method. The technical solution of the problem is thus carried out by an inventive method for the production of healds.

The inventive method is carried out using the machining process I or II, with the help of the use of an electromagnetic radiation source from laser technology. The new processing method for producing healds with laser technology, the edge of a Litzenschaftes is acted upon at the transition to the Litzenauge or at the transition to the passage opening with at least one energy beam. The energy beam is generated by a laser, preferably a Nd: YAG solid-state laser, with which a material processing of the edges is made at the through-openings of wire eyes. Instead of the Nd: YAG laser, a diode laser or CO2 laser oä. come into use. Nd: YAG lasers typically operate at 1064 nm wavelength (other wavelengths are possible) and can be operated both continuously and pulsed. The shorter wavelength of the solid-state laser offers z. B. compared to the CO2 laser clear advantages. These include above all the absorption of metals as well as the beam transmission by means of optical fiber. Both are required when working on edges on healds. Ribbed flat steel is used in the heald, and a few meters between the laser source and the insert on the strand shank, whereby fiber optic cables are necessary for the transmission of an energy beam. Originally, Nd: YAG lasers as known in the art were used for drilling, cutting and welding.

In the present task, according to the invention, at least one peripheral edge on a through-opening of a heddle should not only be processed by the use of laser technology, but a defined predefined structure should be achieved. In this case, a passage opening may have different contours or different shapes, for example a round, an oval, a square or rectangular shape. The sharp edges, the term edge here being understood to mean the edge at a passage opening, should have raised and smoothed guide sections after machining. Furthermore, the guide sections should have almost no surface roughness. These tasks, the formation of elevated guide sections and the reduction of the surface roughness, present new challenges to the laser technology to be used. The heat treatment of edges with laser technology, to form guide sections, consisting of beads, at through holes, is not from the previously cited state of the art Technique, which includes mechanical and electrolytic processing methods of Litzenaugen to take. Likewise, such a processing for reshaping an edge to a guide section, consisting of a raised circumferential bead or referred to as a rib, from the laser cutting, laser drilling and laser welding technique is not known.

The technical and inventive challenge is therefore to form at the edge of a passage opening an elevated guide portion for a warp. Furthermore, the guide portion should have a rounded shape, which corresponds approximately to the shape of a ¾ circle. There should be no erosion of the edge as with the use of mechanical processes or when using the electrolytic Plasmapolierens, creating a radius at the edge. But it is to be formed an elevated circumferential bead on the edge, wherein the bead consists of equal radii. However, the bead can also, as known from an ellipse, from different radii on the circumference of the bead, may be formed. The circumferential bead is to form a rounded increase at a circumferential edge over which the warp thread can then slide.

The production of a rounded increase in healds to be done by a laser surface treatment, as it is not yet known. Advantageously, the high intensity of the laser used and the high beam sharpness is used by using different optics. Only these measures allow a melting of the metallic edge at a through hole. It is a great challenge to thermally treat an edge with an energy beam so that it forms an increase in the form of a bead and does not lead to the melting of the edge. In the present invention is not by partial melting a rounding of an edge, as shown in 1A and 5 of the DE 10 2007 056 112 A1 known, but by melting according to the machining process I is a defined increase at one edge, in the form of a bead, arise, wherein the bead forms a guide portion for a warp. In the guide portion, the attainable hardness and the achievable surface roughness for the guidance of a warp thread takes a dominating role.

In order to realize an inventive increase in the form of a bead on an edge of an opening opening of a heald, a local heating with a targeted laser beam at an edge is not enough. Rather, it requires the knowledge of solid-state physics and metallurgy to the lattice structures of metals, their metallic To understand bonds, their metal structure and their alloys as well as their behavior in the local heating of metals for healds to achieve by such a thermal effect, an increase in an edge without the supply of additional materials. Furthermore, the knowledge from the laser technology is required, for example, the radiation energy, the pulse duration, pulse width, pulse rate and the like specifically adapted to the task and the knowledge of manufacturing processes. That is, the knowledge required to solve the problem, the production of guide portions for warp threads at the edges of through holes by means of laser technology, goes far beyond the knowledge of a specialist who is responsible for the punching technique and thus the production of healds ,

Not only the defined increase on an edge is the object of the invention, but also the quality of the surface texture of this increase. In order to achieve a high quality, it is necessary to achieve a low surface roughness when melting an edge of the strip-shaped flat steel. When surface treatment of an edge, it is therefore necessary to use a protective gas. It has been found that shielding gases have an influence on the surface condition of a fused edge which is intended to increase. Advantageously, argon is used as a protective gas, which can be fed coaxially to the laser beam.

The solution of the aforementioned objects according to the machining process I is to control the laser energy so that the surface area of an edge is melted, so that there is a melting zone with an increase. The melted in the molten metal material immediately solidifies when the laser beam has left the corresponding area of the edge, so that no more melting energy is available. D. h., Laser beam treatment of the edges of a Litzenschaftgrundwerkstoffes also advantageously has a chemical upgrading of the material in the surface area in addition to the thermally induced improvement of the material properties. In this case, a thermodynamic influence of the end material is achieved by the laser insert, whereby a fine-grained structure of high strength, while good toughness, can be achieved. It is important to note that the heating of the basic material of the Litzenschaftes must be below the evaporation temperature. In addition, a cooling medium, preferably a protective gas, acts on the melting region, which is generated for example by an air flow from a fan or a blower. This application of protective gas takes place in a closed system. As a result, on the one hand the solidification of the molten material in the molten zone can be accelerated, and on the other hand an oxygen uptake and thus an embrittlement of the molten zone is avoided. In principle, the increase produced at the edge of the passage opening is frozen by the rapid cooling. Due to the melting and the subsequent rapid solidification of the strip-shaped flat steel in the surface region of the edge of the passage opening, a fine microstructure with small grain sizes is generated in the surface region, which is also free of pores and thus very dense by the melting or remelting. That is, the metal structure at a raised edge of a through hole has assumed a different microstructure after solidification in the molten zone. The material has undergone remelting, resulting in a much lower surface roughness in the remelting zone. The edge produced by melting in the high, solidifies immediately upon cooling and forms a bead. The solidified bead forms a closed surface profile, which now has a kind of mirror surface.

Such a developed laser-optical method for the machining process I still requires a system that basically consists of a Nd: YAG laser, a special control of the laser, an optical fiber cable for transmitting the laser radiation from the laser unit to the workpiece of the heald and corresponding optics for focusing a laser beam as well as trackable mirrors. The emerging from a fiber and divided diode laser beam is guided via a collimating optics in the chamber on deflecting mirror. Pure deflecting mirrors are not sufficient for the laser beam, because the laser beam must be tracked to the contour of the passage opening. That is, the laser beam must be tracked on the edge at the passage opening. For example, this can be done via a "3-axis technology", such as the integrated 3-axis control for the laser beam. Preferably, however, the laser beam guidance takes place via the control of deflection mirrors, which are guided in such a way that the laser beam always remains on an edge of the passage opening. Thus, the focal point of the laser beam can always be guided along the edge. Because the passage opening in the heddle shaft at the front and at the back has a circumferential edge, the supplied laser beam is advantageously split or divided into two beams. The one beam is focused via deflecting mirror on an edge which corresponds to the contour of a through hole on the front and drives it off, while the other beam is focused via deflecting mirror on an edge which corresponds to the contour of a through hole on the back and drives them off , A monitoring system for setting up, positioning and adjusting the laser beam on a Edge of the passage opening of a Litzenauges is available for this purpose. In order for the laser beam to be able to be guided along the contour of a passage opening, a beam deflection, which is effected by means of trackable deflecting mirrors, is required. The orderly and repeatable quality of the increased rounding of a laser-exposed edge is achieved by the positioning and tracking of the laser beam. The generation of an increase in the form of a rounded bead of an edge loaded with a laser beam is ensured by the high accuracy of the positioning of the radial forceps feed and the centering of the flat strip steel in the chamber of the processing device of the edge laser station. In a further embodiment, the monitoring system is designed in such a way that a laser beam always remains exactly fixed on an edge of the passage opening during the departure. Two monitoring systems each control the location of a focal point or a focal spot diameter on the front and back of a through hole and guide the deflection mirror according to a control so that a deflection mirror can make a beam deflection, which always leads a laser beam along the path of a Litzenauges. The circumferential beads produced with such an optical laser unit on both sides of a passage opening serve the warp threads as guide sections in a heald.

If this designed system is equipped with a laser-optical process for the alternative machining process II (laser application process), an additional device is required. Such an accessory consists of a device for supplying powder or powder alloys. It is also laser beam devices or laser processing heads with integrated powder feeders or powder nozzles from the prior art, such as from DE 10 2004 034 777 B4 and the DE 10 2004 042 492 A1 known, which can be used as an alternative to the aforementioned laser-optical system of the machining process I. With such devices, a powdery material can be supplied to the weld by means of transport gas. The transport gas also acts as a shielding gas to shield the weld and thus protects the production of a bead. The powder material, also referred to as additional material, advantageously consists of a powder mixture in order to achieve the desired properties, a certain hardness and low surface roughness in a bead.

The heddle according to the invention is produced in particular after the aforementioned process steps on a production plant as described in claim 1. The technical solution of the inventive method thus results in an inventive heald of high quality, which can lead to a gentle way warp threads in a loom.

The method for producing a heald, using the inventive laser optical unit and application of the machining process I, is as follows and is described in claims 2 to 4.

After introducing the machining process I in the manufacturing process, the inventive method generates a heddle, which is suitable for guiding at least one warp thread, consisting of at least one, made of a thin-walled flat shaft shank, the at least one guide element for receiving in a weaving machine and at its end at least one Litzenauge for receiving at least one warp thread, wherein the Litzenauge is formed as a passage opening in the Litzenschaft and the through hole has at least one guide portion for a warp thread, wherein the guide portion extends transversely to the passage opening. The existing at the passage opening of a Litzenauges or on the guide element of a Endöse edge is acted upon with at least one energy beam, whereby a melting of at least one edge is formed with an increase. The structure of the elevation corresponds to a bead which extends in the longitudinal direction on an edge and has a rounding in the transverse direction. The increase of the circumferential bead on the edges of a through hole is generated by a laser beam method. The heat treatment of the edges with a metered energy beam and the use of inert gas in a closed chamber from the outside air, forms a mirror-like surface on the beads.

The method for producing a heald which is suitable for movement, in particular for guiding at least one warp thread, consists of at least one bobbin trunk formed from a thin-walled flat material. The Litzenschaft has at its end portions at least one guide element, for receiving in a loom on. Between the spaced guide elements at least one Litzenauge, for receiving at least one warp thread is arranged. The Litzenauge is formed as a passage opening in the Litzenschaft, and the passage opening has at least one guide section for a warp thread. The guide section extends, preferably two guide sections extending transversely to the passage opening. In this case, at least one circumferential edge is arranged on the passage opening of the Litzenauges, which is acted upon by at least one energy beam, whereby a melting of the edge, with an increase in the same arises. The circumferential elevation forms a circumferential bead, which has a continuous, elliptical, parabolic or dome-like rounding. The rounding extends from the front of the Litzenschaftes into the through hole. The same applies to the rounding, which extends from the back of the Litzenschaftes in the passage opening into it. The two mutually spaced beads form between them, in the passage opening, a groove of small width. The width of the groove is in the tenth mm range. The beads at the peripheral edges of a through hole are made by a laser optical process. The mirror-like surface on the beads is formed by the heat treatment of the edges with a meterable energy beam and by the use of inert gas in a, sealed from the outside air chamber.

The laser beam processes for edge treatment for the machining process II (laser application method) use metallic, non-metallic or mixed additives to increase the edges at the cut surfaces of through-holes. Laser beam methods which use additives are, for. B. from the prior art laser deposition welding, as shown below, known. Laser deposition welding can be broken down into various fields of application. One area of application concerns, for example, the powder bed-based laser melting, as it is z. B. the DE 199 52 998 B4 can be removed. In this process, the laser creates a component by melting metallic powder layer by layer, creating a component dictated by a CAD model. However, with this method, the given tasks can not be solved and do not lead to the desired result of an optimized work process for a mass product. Another area of application is laser welding for joining components by spot welding and / or seam welding. Here, the edges of the joining partners are brought together. With this welding process, the given tasks can not be solved either. Also known is the field of application of laser deposition welding as an additive manufacturing process, which is also known to the person skilled in the art under the term LMD (Laser Metal Deposition or Direct Energy Deposition or Laser Cladding). In this method, the laser generates a molten bath on a component, into which metal powder is automatically introduced through a nozzle. The result is welded beads that can form structures on existing components. This process is mainly known from repair surfacing. From the above-mentioned methods, the closest prior art is laser-deposition welding with wire or powder, which is to be used for modification and finishing of edges at through-openings in healds.

From the DE 100 09 123 A1 a method and an apparatus is apparent, with which a processing of an inner surface of a cylinder crankcase of an internal combustion engine with laser beam and powder feed is possible. As known from the prior art and also in the DE 100 09 123 A1 indicated, the laser beam and the powder feeder must be perpendicular to the processing surface.

Furthermore, the machining of the inner surface of a cylindrical bore is only possible because the cylindrical bore has a size that can accommodate an optical device (device). This device is not suitable for filigree use at the peripheral edges of the cut surfaces of a through-opening of healds.

The DE 695 06 000 T2 describes a method for coating via holes by means of a laser. Here, a classical chemical or electrochemical plating of inner wall surfaces of a passage, preferably bores, is replaced by a laser beam method. A laser beam is passed through a hole which is closed at the end with a melt substrate. The laser beam strikes the substrate, which is usually. made of copper material or similar and this melts, so that this plating material then evaporates and deposits on the inner wall surfaces of the through hole. This process produces even layers because the entire area of a hole is coated. Therefore, this method is not suitable to produce certain structures in the inner wall surface of a through hole.

Another method for coating a seat of an exhaust valve is known from DE 195 08 069 C1 known, wherein the coating is applied by laser deposition welding. The coating is used to increase the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the exhaust valve against the base material and is melted into the base material. Furthermore, the composition of the coating material is disclosed. Such a nickel-base alloy is not suitable for the production of a structure at the through-hole of healds.

The DE 10 2014 101 907 A1 discloses a method for locally reinforcing metal sheets by selectively melting metal powder applied to the metal sheet and / or by build-up welding of wire or powdered filler metals. In the present invention should not be strengthened the Litzenschaft, but the edges of a through hole to get a certain structure, which with the, in the DE 10 2014 101 907 A1 specified technique, is not possible.

Another example of the laser deposition method is the DE 103 29 131 A1 refer to. The laser deposition process is used to internally coat a gun barrel and the coating is applied to the interior surface by plasma spraying, with a laser beam simultaneously melting the plasma coating and base material to form a common melt that solidifies as the laser beam advances. However, the present object of the invention is not solvable with a plasma coating.

The last example is the DE 101 06 474 A1 called. Described are a method and apparatus for applying a corrosion layer on edge surfaces of sheets. The cut and edge surfaces of flat material are coated with a metallic and / or non-metallic corrosion inhibitor using a laser deposition process. The cut surfaces are referred to herein as edge, wherein the edge thickness is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm. The corrosive agents, consisting of zinc powder or tin powder or their alloys, are applied to the edges in one or two work steps by means of a powder nozzle. From the 3 and the associated description is excellent the disadvantage of which must be avoided at the through holes of heald eyes in healds necessarily. After powder coating using the laser deposition process, the zinc layer has particles on the surface. These particles destroy the warp threads passing through the stranded eye. Exactly these errors are to be eliminated with the present invention. Furthermore, the laser application method is only suitable for coating the entire cut surface. A targeted production of an increase, in the form of a structured bead on the edge, is not possible.

The method of manufacturing a heddle, using the inventive laser optical unit and application of the machining process II, is as follows and is described in claims 5 to 7.

The method for producing a heald, which is suitable for guiding at least one warp thread, consists of at least one strand shank formed from a thin-walled flat material, having at its end regions at least one guide element for receiving in a weaving machine and at least one heddle eye for receiving at least one warp thread, wherein the Litzenauge is formed as a passage opening in the Litzenschaft and the passage opening has at least one guide portion for a warp thread, wherein the guide portion extends transversely to the passage opening. The at the passage opening of a Litzenauges and / or on the guide element of a Endöse at least one edge is at least applied with an energy beam, whereby, by melting and simultaneous application of a metal powder or welding wire at one edge, an increase and the increase forms a circumferential bead which has a rounding off. At least one edge of a passage opening and / or a guide element are treated by a laser-optical method. In machining process II, laser deposition welding, the heat source is a high power laser, primarily a diode or fiber laser or, as previously indicated, a CO2 or Nd: YAG laser. In laser deposition welding with powder, the laser heats the edge at the passage opening of a stranded eye. In this case, the laser beam is slightly defocused to melt the edge. At the same time, an inert gas, mixed with metal powder, is supplied via nozzles. The supply of gas and powder can be done with different devices. A standard machining head, as known from the prior art, is due to the design, due to the small dimensions of a through hole of a Litzenauges or a guide element of an end loop, not usable. A miniaturized and optimized machining head is therefore used. At the heated edge of the passage opening, the metal powder or a metal powder mixture melts and connects on the one hand with the base material of the Litzenschaftes and on the other hand forms a bead. Since the object is that the bead to be formed on an edge should have the property of greater hardness than the base material of the litz shaft, the metal powder preferably consists of a mixture. The metal powder mixture and the inert gas provide a mirror-like surface on a bead. With the aforementioned measures and the correct setting of the parameters, an increased guide section for a warp thread is to be realized. The most important parameters are: metered laser power, beam focusing, feeding a laser beam with tracking device or deflection mirror and deflection mirror for tracking a laser beam on a predetermined line, such as the edges of a through hole, preferably simultaneous use of two laser beams, mass flow of the powder or alternatively a wire feed and the difficult focus position of the machining head to form a material deposit on a peripheral edge at a through hole upon a single pass to a structure, wherein the structure preferably should consist of a bead, wherein the bead also has certain properties, such as radii, hardness and mirror-like surface with very little surface roughness, must have. Optionally, the laser deposition welding takes place in a closed chamber from the outside air in a production plant, according to claim 4.

Such an inventive heddle is in particular after the aforementioned process steps on a machine plant, as described in claim 1, prepared. With the technical solution of integrated machining processes I or II in the inventive method, according to claims 2-4, 5-7, an inventive heald, according to claims 8-12, produced with high quality, the warp yarns in a gentle manner Loom leads.

Such a heald is suitable for movement in a heald, in particular for guiding at least one warp thread for weaving textile fabrics in a weaving device. The heald consists of at least one strand shank formed from a thin-walled band-shaped material, which has at least one guide element for receiving in a weaving machine and at least one stranded eye therebetween for receiving at least one warp thread, wherein the stranded eye acts as a passage opening in the Litzenschaft is formed. The passage opening has, after production by punching, laser cutting, water jet cutting or etching, a narrow circumferential cutting surface with two, by the thickness of the band-shaped material in parallel spaced peripheral edges. The cut surfaces correspond to the lateral surface of a geometric body, which is dependent on the shape of a through hole and the material thickness of a Litzenschaftes. The cut surfaces form with the front and back surfaces circumferential sharp edges for a warp thread in the heald eye, as known from the prior art. A Litzenschaft a heald of a thin-walled flat material, ie a flat material of small thickness, wherein the thickness is preferably in the range of a few tenths of mm, preferably has a rectangular cross-section. Other cross-sections of prior art healds are known. Viewed in cross-section form the front and back of the thin-walled flat steel relative to the narrow or thin side surfaces a relatively wide area. The passage opening for a Litzenauge extends through the front and back of the Litzenschaftes, wherein at the passage opening of the Litzenauges results at the front and back of a circumferential edge at the passage opening. The male warp thread enters in particular, for example, at the front in the through hole and on the opposite back again off or vice versa. When passing through the passage opening of the warp thread comes into contact with the edges. In principle, the edges of the passage opening lead the warp thread, because the heald is continuously reciprocated in its longitudinal direction. Due to the thin-walled flat steel, which consists of the Litzenschaft a heald, the rectangular edges of the through hole act on the warp threads like a knife or like a 90 degree knife edge over which a warp thread is pulled approximately perpendicular thereto. This results in abrasion on the surface of the warp threads. In order to avoid abrasion on the warp threads or to keep them as low as possible, it is necessary to machine the edges running around the passage opening. The processing of the edges with the inventive method leads to the formation of at least one guide section, preferably of two guide sections, on the edges of a passage opening. A passage opening thus has at least one guide section for a warp thread in a stranded eye. Furthermore, these guide portions form a surface which has virtually no surface roughness, or demonstrably contains a surface roughness which is in the range of equal to less than 0.01 micrometers.

Due to the vertical arrangement of the edges to the direction of a through hole, the guide portions extend transversely to the passage opening. Before the processing, the passage opening at the front and back of the Litzenschaftes a circumferential edge. With the machining method, an increase in the form of a circumferential bead is formed on at least one circumferential edge. Each circumferential bead forms after machining an edge of a guide portion which is formed by continuous or similar rounding and produces a slight broadening of the material thickness of the Litzenschaftes. The shape of a bead transverse to its longitudinal direction, is approximately circular or spherical or largely oval. The rounding can have a constant radius. However, it is also possible that the rounding has a variable radius, as known from ellipses. In particular, the rounding is continuous in such a way that there are essentially no corners, edges or projections which impair the warp thread. The continuous rounding of the bead has the advantage that no irregularities occur in the guide section. Due to the roundness and the mirror-like surface of the fillets, no high abrasion loads occur on the surface of the warp threads. D. h., By the continuous rounding and the mirror-like surfaces in the beads, the warp threads can be performed very smooth and low friction. With the aforementioned embodiments of a Litzenauges is a Damage to the warp threads effectively restricted. Characterized in that the rounded portions of the bead extend from the front and rear surface in the sectional area of a through hole, a guide portion is formed, which corresponds approximately in cross section to a three-quarter large circle. In the longitudinal direction of the guide section corresponds to a circumferential edge. Since the passage opening has two parallel spaced circumferential beads, advantageously arise two parallel spaced guide portions for guiding a warp thread. The guide sections are thus provided with rounded portions and have a mirror-like surface. D. h., A guide portion consists of an increase at a circumferential edge at a through hole. The guide section is formed by a circumferential bead, wherein a bead has a rounding and a mirror-like surface, regardless of which machining method I or II a guide section has been formed.

Preferred embodiments and further developments emerge from the subclaims. The advantages and features can be taken from the general description of the invention and the description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. With such an inventive heald more efficiency and productivity is achieved in a loom. Fast warp preparation, high weft insertion performance, less production interruptions and perfect fabric quality are the result of the advantages offered by the edge finishing of a stranded eye and the reinforcement of the end eyelets. Healds produced according to the inventive method have the finest surface areas on the heald eye as needed for successful interweaving of delicate microfiber and finest filament yarns. The warp thread is applied to guide elements that have been rounded and laser-optically tempered. This reduces the contact pressure and the friction.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments, but also includes all, in the context of the invention equally effective embodiments and means. For example, the guide elements, the so-called Endösen, treated at the ends of the Litzenschäfte with the two processing methods I or II described, whereby, for example, the strength of the end eyelets is increased. It is also conceivable that further edges in a critical load area on the strand shank of a heald, be treated with the processing method I or II. Furthermore, the invention has hitherto not been limited to the feature combination defined in the independent claim, but may also be defined by any other combination of specific features of all the individual features disclosed overall. Above all, this relates to the method claim 1 with the claimed seven processing steps in the processing sequence, processing step / workstation 1 = VI, 2 = II, 3 = V, 4 = VI, 5 = V, 6 = II and 7 = III. The seven processing steps can, however, also in the order 1 = VI, 2 = II, 3 = V, 4 = V, 5 = II, 6 = IV and 7 = III or 1 = VI, 2 = II, 3 = VI, 4 = V, 5 = V, 6 = III and 7 = II and so on. This means that in principle virtually every single feature of the independent claims can be omitted or replaced by at least one individual feature disclosed elsewhere in the application.

Embodiment of the invention

A concrete embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings 1 to 4 shown purely schematically. Further details and embodiments of the invention can be taken from the description and the drawings. It shows:

1 a schematic heddle according to the invention in a preferred front view, and

2 a schematic representation of a process chain to illustrate a method for producing an inventive heald in a machinery, and

3a , b, c is a schematic passage opening of a Litzenauges in a sectional side view and

4 an enlarged schematized passage opening of a Litzenauges in front view.

The 1 shows a concrete embodiment of a one-piece sheet metal part produced from a flat finished metal product and in the downstream manufacturing process. This sheet metal part consists of a band-shaped, non-oxidizable flat steel, which does not require a nickel plating. An end product made from this endless strip-shaped flat steel is called a heald 1 designated. Such an innovative heald 1 is in a preferred front view of the front 3 , which as a flat steel heald 1 is designed for weaving. For same elements in the 1 to 4 Uniform reference signs are used. Such a heald 1 , manufactured as a stamped workpiece, consists of a, formed from a thin-walled material relatively long strand shank 2 , The ratio of the length to the width of the concrete embodiment is about 1000: 8, of course, other conditions are possible. That is, the length of such a heald is 1 about 50 cm, the width is 4 mm, the material thickness is only a few tenths of a millimeter. by virtue of the small width of the Litzenschaftes 2 , Of course, have the in the Litzenschaft 2 introduced elements also only small dimensions. Due to the geometric dimensions of the Litzenschaftes 2 , is the front 3 and the opposite back 4 Nevertheless, relatively wide compared to the narrow sides 5 . 6 , Furthermore, the Litzenschaft 2 two end areas 7 . 8th on, a left 7 and a right one 8th End area, in each case a guide element 9 . 10 is arranged. The guide elements 9 . 10 exist in this particular embodiment of Endösen 18 . 19 , which are required for receiving a heddle support rail (not shown) in a weaving machine. Furthermore, the Litzenschaft 2 a, between the guide elements 9 . 10 arranged Litzenauge 11 for receiving a warp thread 12 on. The Litzenauge 11 Can be both centrally in the longitudinal direction of the Litzenschaftes 2 considered or in the upper or lower half of the length of a heald 1 be arranged. The Litzenauge 11 is as a passage opening 13 in the Litzenschaft 2 educated. The passage opening 13 is formed substantially rectangular or square. It is also possible to form the passage opening 13 in oblong, oval or circular shape. The passage opening 13 shows how out of 3c seen, two guide sections 14 . 15 , for a warp thread 12 on. The two guide sections 14 . 15 run transversely to the passage opening 13 and are made of beads 16 . 17 formed, see here 3c , Furthermore, the invention provides the edges of the guide elements 9 . 10 an end eyelet 18 . 19 at the front 3 - and back 4 a Litzenschaftes 2 , with an optical laser unit 76 to laser and thus amplify using the machining process I or II. When reinforcing the edges on the end eyelets 18 . 19 For example, the methods described above for producing the edges at a passage opening are used. A schematized machinery 72 as a production line 73 for producing a heald 1 and their leadership sections 14 . 15 , is from the following 2 seen.

In the 2 is a schematic representation of a process chain for illustrating a method for producing an inventive heald 1 in a machinery 72 shown. As will be explained below, it is provided in the process chain, the heald 1 auszustormen from an endless, band-shaped flat steel, to remunerate and reshape. In a first method step I 21 is in a workstation I 20 first provided on a roll arranged band-shaped flat steel. The workstation I 20 consists of a reel 71 , a roller straightener 70 and a buffer 23 , From the reel 71 from the band-shaped flat steel passes along a transfer line 22 over the roller straightener 70 in the buffer 23 , In a further method step II 24 The band-shaped flat steel is detected by means of a radial pliers feed, the buffer 23 taken and by the machinery 72 pushed. The length of the feed for the strip material corresponds to the length of a heald 1 , A feed or further transport of the strip material always takes place after completion of a predetermined number of processing steps. The number of processing steps for producing a heald are seven in the specific embodiment. The seven processing steps 27 . 28 . 33 . 34 . 37 . 39 . 50 correspond to a pass in a machinery 72 , That is, after each pass, the strip material is at the entrance of the machinery 72 pushed by a heald length and at the exit of the machinery 72 becomes a heald 1 separated and removed. In the production line 73 are located between the entrance to Workstation II 25 and the output at workstation VI 52 four healds 1 of five workstations II 25 , III 29 , IV 35 , V 40 , VI 52 working in the machinery 72 are arranged, edited. Is at the entrance of the machinery 72 the endless strip material in length a heald 1 pushed, all four move in the production line 73 located healds 1 to a workstation II 25 , III 29 , IV 35 , V 40 , VI 52 , further. For example, the heald shifts 1 from the workstation II 25 to the workstation II 29 , the heald 1 from the workstation II 29 to the workstation IV 35 and the heald 1 from workstation IV 35 to the workstation V 39 etc. to the workstation VI 52 in which the healds 1 then separated from the endless strip material and thus isolated. The order of the workstations listed below 25 . 29 . 35 . 40 . 41 . 53 in the production line 73 the machinery 72 do not correspond to the sequence of processing steps 27 . 28 . 33 . 34 . 37 . 39 . 50 for creating a heald 1 , According to a concrete embodiment of the description, the production of healds 1 the order of the seven processing steps 50 . 39 . 37 . 34 . 33 . 28 . 27 in the production line 73 for a run on.

The first workstation II 25 in the production line 73 the machinery 72 consists of a punching device 26 , The punching device 26 punching everyone, in the heald 1 required openings, mainly the openings for the guide elements 9 . 10 and the Litzenauge 11 , but also openings in the Litzenschaft 2 for reducing the mass of a heald 1 etc., are possible. The punching device 26 Therefore, on the one hand on different punching tools, and on the other hand, these punches are designed as interchangeable inserts. With such, equipped with interchangeable punching device 26 , For example, the various end eyelets, such as C or J or O-Endösen 18 . 19 be punched out. The simultaneous punching of both end eyelets 18 . 19 corresponds to a specific processing step in the manufacturing process 28 , For the left and right guide element 9 . 10 Two punches are available, which at the same time the openings for the two guide elements 9 . 10 Punch. The shape of the end eyelets 18 . 19 increases the good runnability of the warp preparation and reduces weaving of the heald during weaving operation 1 around its own longitudinal axis, which coincides with the section line AA. The left punch of the punching device 26 punch that, in the right end area 8th arranged guide element 10 , while the right punch of the punching device 26 that, in the left end area 7 arranged guide element 9 , punched out. From this punching arrangement it can be seen that the punching device 26 advantageously in two different healds 1 simultaneously punched. Between a right, in a previous heald 1 arranged guide element 10 and a left, in a subsequent heald 1 arranged guide element 9 there is only a relatively small distance. In the distance between the guide elements 10 . 9 runs the intended dividing line 74 , Furthermore, the punching device 26 a separating punch for punching the Litzenauges 11 from the band-shaped flat steel. The punching of a Litzenauges 11 corresponds to a specific processing step in the production process 27 ,

The next workstation III 29 in the machinery 72 relates to the edge processing device 30 that, with the help of an optical laser unit 76 , the edges 31 . 32 at a passage opening 13 a Litzenauges 11 with guide sections 14 . 15 , according to the machining process I or II. For this purpose, the workstation III 29 the edge processing device 30 a chamber 75 on, in which the Litzenauge 11 is positioned. The Litzenauge 11 has a passage opening 13 up on the front 3 and on the back 4 of the Litzenschaftes 2 , due to the punching process, each have a circumferential sharp edge 31 . 32 contains. The contour of the passage opening 13 corresponds, according to the concrete embodiment of the 1 , an oblong rectangle. In the next processing step 33 be these two circumferential edges 31 . 32 now captured with a camera system and through an energy beam of an optical laser unit 76 irradiated. This optical laser unit 76 causes, according to the machining process I, when moving the peripheral edges 31 . 32 their melting and remelting. Will be an optical laser unit 76 , used according to the machining process II, there is a melting of an edge with simultaneous powder coating. At the edges 31 . 32 arise, by the application of the respective machining processes I or II, circumferential ridges in the form of beads 16 . 17 , please refer 3c and 4 , These beads 16 . 17 now form leadership sections 14 . 15 , After laser treatment and remelting or melting with powder coating of edges 31 . 32 , the band-shaped flat steel is clocked at the next pass to the next workstation IV 35 transported. In the workstation III 29 , which is an edge processing device 30 is and an optical laser unit 76 can also contain the edges 78 . 79 the guide elements 9 . 10 from Endösen 18 . 19 be provided with guide portions (not shown). The guide sections are not used to guide warp threads here 12 , like from the 4 seen, used, but to reinforce the edges 78 . 79 the end eyelets 18 . 19 , The reinforcement of the edges 78 . 79 increases the life of the end eyelets 18 . 19 and thus a heald 1 ,

Following the workstation III 29 follows the workstation IV 35 , The workstation IV 35 consists of a bending device 36 , With the help of the bending device 36 There is a twisting or entanglement of the Litzenschaftes 2 in a certain area. Here, the area of the plane of the Litzenschaftes 2 twisted or crossed. The area forms a twisting section 38 in which the Litzenauge 11 is arranged. The twisting of the Litzenschaftes 2 corresponds to a specific processing step 34 in the manufacturing process of a heald 1 , Also the bending device 36 is equipped with a quick change tool, which also makes a Litzenauge 11 can be stamped each other by pressure. This creates an area around the Litzenauge 11 which is referred to as offset, with only the Litzenauge 11 is entangled and the Litzenschaft 2 next to the Litzenauge 11 parallel to the plane of the Litzenschaftes 2 remains.

After completing another pass of seven processing steps 27 . 28 . 33 . 34 . 37 . 39 , the radial forceps advancement advances the strip material by one heald length, whereby the heddle 1 from the workstation IV 35 to the workstation V 40 arrives. The workstation V 40 has an embossing device 41 consisting of a pressure tool on. The processing of the band-shaped flat steel is now done with the embossing device 41 what the processing step 37 equivalent. The printing tool of the embossing device 41 generated here, on the left guide element 9 and on both sides at the front 3 and back 4 of the Litzenschaftes 2 , a bruise 42 . 43 of the material. The material squeezing 42 . 43 takes place adjacent to the two ends of the end eyelet 18 , Because the pressure tool of the embossing device 41 only via a guide element 9 . 10 can grab, with another processing step 39 the guide element 10 at the ends of the right end eyelet 19 in the end area 8th arranged, embossed. Due to the embossing is again a bruise 44 . 45 of Materials. The material squeezing 44 . 45 takes place adjacent to the two ends of the end eyelet 19 , Because the bruises 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 at the beginning and end of the end eyelet 18 . 19 and on both sides of the Litzenschaftes 2 take place, assigns each end eyelet 18 . 19 four bruises 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 , on. Because of bruising 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 the front openings of the end eyelets widen 18 . 19 , The reference numerals from the processing step 37 . 39 , embossing on the end eyelets 18 . 19 , are in the 1 seen.

After completing another pass of seven processing steps 27 . 28 . 33 . 34 . 37 . 39 , the radial forceps advancement advances the strip material by one heald length, whereby the heddle 1 from the workstation V 40 to the workstation VI 52 arrives. The workstation VI 52 contains a punching and bending device 53 , The punching and bending device 53 has two pressure tools and a cutting tool. The two printing tools consist of two pressure stamps, which is a cranking of the end eyelets 18 . 19 in the processing step 50 make. The two printing tools are arranged next to one another in such a way that the separating tool is located therebetween. The two printing tools of the bending device 53 consist of two individual crimping tools. These tools can be designed differently, depending on the requirements of the embodiment for a guide element 9 . 10 from. The left and right pressure tools press into the raw strip material during the set up process and the separation tool, consisting of a separator, then cuts through the strand of strip material. When the set-up process is complete and the manufacturing process has begun, the two pressure tools hit the two openings of the guide elements 9 . 10 , The left pressure tool bends the two webs 48 . 49 which is in the right end area 8th located Endöse 19 and the right pressure tool bends the two webs 46 . 47 in the left end area 7 located Endöse 18 , D. h., The two Kröpfwerkzeuge the bending device 53 Now the bridges length 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 in the area of the end eyelets 18 . 19 by forming from the plane of the Litzenschaftes 2 in opposite directions. That is, the one at a Endöse 18 running bridge 46 has z. B. in the direction of the front 3 and the, at the same end eyelet 18 running and to the jetty 46 spaced footbridge 47 then points towards the back 4 , As a result, the two webs 46 . 47 deflected in opposite directions after the bending process. The deflection corresponds to approximately 1 mm to 3 mm, preferably 1.5 mm and is made approximately oval. Because of the opposition, therefore, forms between the webs 46 . 47 a lateral opening (not shown). Of course, the jetty can 46 also towards the back 4 and the jetty 47 towards the front 3 point. The same applies to the bars 48 . 49 at the end eyelet 19 ,

The punching and bending device 53 the workstation 52 is not just for pincering the bars 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 the end eyelets 18 . 19 responsible, but also to the finished healds 1 to separate from the endless strip material. The punching and bending device 53 thus acts as a separation station. With the separation station is the band-shaped flat steel with its punched 9 . 10 . 11 , tempered edges 31 . 32 , his deformed Litzenschaft 2 in the twist area 38 and its embossed and deformed end eyelets 18 . 19 , now isolated. The separation of the band-shaped flat steel to healds 1 takes place with the same processing step 50 , After separation of healds 1 these will be another workstation VII 55 that are outside the machinery 72 is fed. The workstation VII 55 has a device 54 for visual inspection. The optical control refers to the isolated healds 1 in a further process step 67 , on the guide sections 14 . 15 the Litzenaugen 11 , The device 54 for optical inspection of the wire eyes 11 , could already be in the production line 73 the machinery 72 done so that after the separation station 53 healds 1 in which the Litzenaugen 11 can not be sorted out according to the quality characteristics.

From the following 3a . 3b . 3c is a section BB of a Litzenschaftes 2 , along a section line AA with a significantly enlarged and schematized passage opening 13 a Litzenauges 11 in a sectional side view, shown. The in the 1 indicated reference numerals are taken here analogously. The 3a shows a Litzenauge 11 a heald 1 after punching a through hole 13 , Clear are the sharp edges 31 . 32 at the passage opening 13 to the front 3 and back 4 a Litzenschaftes 2 seen. After removing these sharp edges 31 . 32 With known mechanical processing or electrolytic plasma polishing, ie by removal of material on an edge, a contour for the guide section results 14 , such as in the through hole 13 known from the prior art and from the 3b seen. This contour is also with the method of the present invention, the laser optical unit 76 , using the machining process II, produced. The production of a single guide section 14 which consists of a raised, circumferential bead 16 is formed, is enabled with the machining process II. This is not on an edge 31 . 32 a passage opening 13 a guide section 14 formed, but the guide section 14 lies in the middle of the cut surface 77 and no longer protrudes over the edges 31 . 32 out. The formation of an elevated guide section 14 in the cut surface 77 takes place by melting the Base material of the Litzenschaftes 2 and simultaneously pulverizing the melt. A so prepared guide section 14 is steadily rounded and is by a bead 16 which has a dome formed. This bead 16 is in the through hole 13 of the Litzenauges 11 circulating. Due to the constant rounding of a bead 16 , becomes the single guide section 14 from one, through the Litzenauge 11 continuous warp thread 12 , once at the radius surface, to the front 3 points and once at the radius surface, to the back 4 points, guided. For shaping the guide section 14 , to increase the hardness of a guide section 14 and for smoothing the surface of a guide section 14 becomes an optical laser unit 76 , with which a laser deposition welding process is made possible, used.

From the 3c however, is a Litzenauge 11 according to the present invention, which with an optical laser unit 76 using the machining processes I or II in an edge processing device 30 , was treated. Furthermore, the shows 3c in side view a section BB of a Litzenschaftes 2 a heald 1 from the 1 , This cutout BB was along one, in the front 3 shown section line AA, cut. This Litzenauge 11 in a sectional side view points in the passage opening 13 at the two circumferential edges 31 . 32 an increase 56 , in the form of a circumferential bead 16 . 17 on. The two beads 16 . 17 not only make an increase 56 in the passage opening 13 but also a slight broadening 57 of the Litzenschaftes 2 or an extension 60 the passage opening 13 in the range of 5% to 15%, preferably about 10%. Furthermore, the shape of a bead 16 . 17 through radii 58 characterized. The radii 58 a bead 16 . 17 may be continuous or different sizes of rounding 68 exhibit. Because the beads 16 . 17 directly on the edges 31 . 32 an increase 56 for the leadership sections 14 . 15 form, are the two circumferential beads 16 . 17 spaced apart in parallel. Between the two circumferential beads 16 . 17 a groove forms during the manufacturing process 59 , Furthermore, each forms, by an increase 56 with radii 58 provided bead 16 . 17 a guide section 14 . 15 for a continuous warp thread 12 , It should also be mentioned that the rounded surfaces 69 the guide sections 14 . 15 due to the laser-optical treatment a smoothed, mirror-like surface 69 exhibit. When passing through a warp thread 12 through the passage opening 13 of the Litzenauges 2 becomes the warp thread 12 advantageously on the mirror-like surfaces 69 the two circumferential guide sections 14 . 15 optimally guided. No matter if the warp thread 12 only on one side of the passage opening 13 abuts or on two different sides of a through hole 13 the concern comes, the warp thread 12 always comes from two guide sections 14 . 15 guided. Such trained guide sections 14 . 15 have the advantage that the warp thread 12 particularly uniformly comes to rest, causing abrasion and / or scoring on the surface of a warp thread 12 effectively prevented because the leadership of a warp 12 through the two spaced guide sections 14 . 15 that are on the edges 31 . 32 a Litzenschaftes 2 and not in the middle of a through hole 13 , please refer 3b , are, is extended. This is especially the case when the warp thread 12 diagonally through the passage opening 13 a Litzenauges 11 runs.

4 shows the section BB of a Litzenschaftes 2 with an enlarged schematized passage opening 13 a Litzenauges 11 in front view 3 , The in the 1 indicated reference numerals are taken here analogously. The Litzenauge 11 is here as a rectangular passage opening 13 in the Litzenschaft 2 the heald 1 educated. The long side 61 the rectangular passage opening 13 runs in the longitudinal direction 62 the heald 1 , where the width 63 the passage opening 13 in width 64 of the Litzenschaftes 2 is trained. The passage opening 13 can also have a square contour, with the corners 65 the passage openings 13 with rounding off 66 are provided to a sharp-edged concern of the warp threads 12 when passing through the Litzenauge 11 in the corners 65 to avoid. Therefore, the corners 65 likewise laser-optically treated, around here too a mirror-like, smoothed surface 69 for the warp thread 12 to hold up. Also the edges 31 . 32 on other contours, of lense eyes 11 or end eyelets 18 . 19 which are oval, circular, etc., can be lasered by a laser optical method using the machining processes I or II.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

heald

2

heald rod

3

front

4

back

5

narrow side

6

narrow side

7

end

8th

end

9

guide element

10

guide element

11

heald

12

warp

13

Through opening

14

guide section

15

guide section

16

bead

17

bead

18

end loop

19

end loop

20

Workstation I

21

Process step I

22

transfer route

23

buffer

24

Process step II

25

Workstation II

26

punching device

27

Processing step (2 = AII)

28

Processing step (6 = AII)

29

Workstation III

30

rounding device

31

edge

32

edge

33

Processing step 7 = AIII

34

Processing step 4 = AIV

35

Workstation IV

36

bender

37

Processing step (3 = AV)

38

Verwindungsabschnitt

39

Processing step (5 = AV)

40

Workstation V

41

Punching u. embosser

42

bruise

43

bruise

44

bruise

45

bruise

46

web

47

web

48

web

49

web

50

Processing step 1 = AVI

52

Workstation VI

53

Punching u. bender

54

Device optical con.

55

Workstation VII

56

increase

57

widening

58

radii

59

groove

60

renewal

61

Long side (v. 13 )

62

Longitudinal direction (v. 1 )

63

Width (v. 13 )

64

Litzenschaftbreite

65

corners

66

roundings

67

step

68

rounding off

69

surface

70

Roll straightener

71

reel

72

machinery

73

production line

74

parting line

75

chamber

76

optical laser unit

77

section

78

edge

79

edge

A-A

intersection

B-B

neckline

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102007060491 A1 [0005, 0006]
• DE 19912419 B4 [0006]
• DE 1950903 A1 [0007]
• DE 102013021028 A1 [0011, 0011, 0011, 0016, 0020]
• DE 2953141 C1 [0012, 0012]
• DE 69905782 T2 [0012, 0013]
• DE 102007048761 B4 [0014]
• DE 102007056112 A1 [0044, 0044, 0044, 0052]
• DE 102009000321 A1 [0044]
• DE 102013100706 A1 [0045]
• DE 102014012447 A1 [0046]
• DE 102004034777 B4 [0057]
• DE 102004042492 A1 [0057]
• DE 19952998 B4 [0062]
• DE 10009123 A1 [0063, 0063]
• DE 69506000 T2 [0065]
• DE 19508069 C1 [0066]
• DE 102014101907 A1 [0067, 0067]
• DE 10329131 A1 [0068]
• DE 10106474 A1 [0069]

Claims (12)

The method for producing a heald ( 1 ) made of thin-walled flat material, which at least one Litzenschaft ( 2 ), which at least one guide element ( 9 . 10 ) and at least one passage opening ( 13 ) for a stranded eye ( 11 ) is characterized by the following steps on a production line: provision of a strip-shaped flat steel arranged on a roll in a first work station I 20 ) and continuously transporting a strip-shaped flat steel along a transfer path ( 22 ) via a roller straightener ( 70 ) in a buffer ( 23 ) and detecting the strip-shaped flat steel by means of a radial tongs feed and repeated, clocked removal from the buffer ( 23 ) and further transport of the strand into the production line ( 73 ) of the machinery ( 72 ), in each case after expiry of the subsequent processing steps and - deformation of the webs ( 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 ) at least one guide element ( 9 . 10 ) and separating the strip-shaped flat steel between the two guide elements ( 9 . 10 ) and - punching the Litzenauges ( 11 ) and - embossing of the guide element ( 10 ) and - twisting the Litzenauges ( 11 ) and - embossing of the guide element ( 9 ) and - punching the guide elements ( 9 . 10 ) and - lasing at least one edge at the passage opening of a Litzenauges ( 11 ) and / or on a guide element ( 9 . 10 ) of an end eyelet ( 18 . 19 ). Method for producing a heddle ( 1 ), for guiding, at least one warp thread ( 12 ) is suitable, consisting of at least one, from a thin-walled flat material formed Litzenschaft ( 2 ), which at its end regions ( 7 . 8th ) at least one guide element ( 9 . 10 ) for receiving in a loom and at least one Litzenauge ( 11 ) for receiving at least one warp thread ( 12 ), wherein the Litzenauge ( 11 ) as a passage opening ( 13 ) in the strut shaft ( 2 ) is formed and the passage opening ( 13 ) at least one guide section ( 14 . 15 ) for a warp thread ( 12 ), wherein the guide section ( 14 . 15 ) transversely to the passage opening ( 13 ), characterized in that, at the passage opening ( 13 ) of a Litzenauges ( 11 ) and / or, on the guide element ( 9 . 10 ) of an end eyelet ( 18 . 19 ) at least one edge ( 31 . 32 ) is acted upon with at least one energy beam, whereby a melting of the edge ( 31 . 32 ) with an increase ( 56 ) and the increase ( 56 ) a circumferential bead ( 16 . 17 ) forming a rounding ( 68 ) having. Method for producing a heddle ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the edges ( 31 . 32 ) a passage opening ( 13 ) and / or a guide element ( 9 . 10 ) are treated by a laser-optical method. Method for producing a heddle ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the mirror-like surface ( 69 ) on the beads ( 16 . 17 ) by the heat treatment of the edges ( 31 . 32 ) with a metered energy beam and the use of inert gas in a, from the outside air sealed chamber ( 75 ), arises. Method for producing a heddle ( 1 ), for guiding, at least one warp thread ( 12 ) is suitable, consisting of at least one, from a thin-walled flat material formed Litzenschaft ( 2 ), which at its end regions ( 7 . 8th ) at least one guide element ( 9 . 10 ) for receiving in a loom and at least one Litzenauge ( 11 ) for receiving at least one warp thread ( 12 ), wherein the Litzenauge ( 11 ) as a passage opening ( 13 ) in the strut shaft ( 2 ) is formed and the passage opening ( 13 ) at least one guide section ( 14 . 15 ) for a warp thread ( 12 ), wherein the guide section ( 14 . 15 ) transversely to the passage opening ( 13 ), characterized in that, at the passage opening ( 13 ) of a Litzenauges ( 11 ) and / or, on the guide element ( 9 . 10 ) of an end eyelet ( 18 . 19 ) at least one edge ( 31 . 32 ) is acted upon by at least one energy beam, whereby by melting and simultaneously applying a metal powder or welding wire at one edge ( 31 . 32 ) an increase ( 56 ) and the increase ( 56 ) a circumferential bead ( 16 . 17 ) forming a rounding ( 68 ) having. Method for producing a heddle ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that an edge ( 31 . 32 ) a passage opening ( 13 ) and / or a guide element ( 9 . 10 ) is treated by a laser-optical method. Method for producing a heddle ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that a mirror-like surface ( 69 ) on the beads ( 16 . 17 ) by the heat treatment of the edges ( 31 . 32 ) with a metered energy beam and the use of inert gas in a, from the outside air sealed chamber ( 30 ), arises. Heald ( 1 ), in particular produced according to one of the preceding claims, for guiding at least one warp thread ( 12 ), consisting of at least one, made of a thin-walled material shank ( 2 ), which at its end regions ( 7 . 8th ) at least one guide element ( 9 . 10 ) for receiving in a loom and at least one Litzenauge ( 11 ) for receiving at least one warp thread ( 12 ), wherein the Litzenauge ( 11 ) as a passage opening ( 13 ) in the Litzenschaft ( 2 ) is formed and the passage opening ( 13 ) at least one guide section ( 14 . 15 ) for a warp thread ( 12 ), wherein the guide section ( 14 . 15 ) transversely to the passage opening ( 13 ), characterized in that a passage opening ( 13 ) on the edge ( 31 . 32 ) to the front ( 3 ) and back ( 4 ) of a Litzenschaftes ( 2 ) a guide section ( 14 . 15 ) having. Heald ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that a guide section ( 14 . 15 ) by an increase ( 56 ) in the form of a circumferential bead ( 16 . 17 ), the continuous rounding off ( 68 ) and has a mirror-like surface. Heald ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the passage opening ( 13 ) two parallel spaced circumferential beads ( 16 . 17 ), the two parallel spaced guide sections ( 14 . 15 ), both guide sections ( 14 . 15 ) with rounding ( 68 ), each having a mirror-like surface ( 69 ) exhibit. Heald ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the passage opening ( 13 ) a circumferential bead ( 16 ) which is centered in the cut surface ( 77 ) of the Litzenauges ( 11 ) is arranged and a guide section ( 14 ) with rounding ( 68 ), the rounding offs ( 68 ) a mirror-like surface ( 69 ) exhibit. Heald ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that a guide element ( 9 . 10 ) on one edge to the front ( 3 ) and back ( 4 ) of a Litzenschaftes ( 2 ) an increase ( 56 ) in the form of a bead ( 16 . 17 ), the continuous rounding off ( 68 ) and a mirror-like surface ( 69 ) contains.

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