DE102015218945A1 - Signal transmitter with improved detection of the angle signal - Google Patents

Abstract

A signal generator (2) has a rotary element (9) which is rotatable about a rotation axis (7). The signal generator (2) also has a number of sensors (10), which each output a sinusoidal signal (y) and a cosine signal (x). The sine signal (y) and the cosine signal (x) of the respective sensor (10) are, with respect to a respective reference direction (11), characteristic of the sine and cosine of the rotational position (α) of the rotary member (9). The reference directions (11) are oriented orthogonally to the axis of rotation (7). The signal generator (2) has a computing unit (14) to which the sinewave signals (y) and the cosine signals (x) are supplied. The arithmetic unit (14) determines by arithmetic combination of the sine signals (y) and the cosine signals (x) of the sensors (10) a resulting sine signal (yR) and a resulting cosine signal (xR). The arithmetic unit (14) provides the resulting sine signal (yR) and the resulting cosine signal (xR) for further processing. Alternatively or additionally, the arithmetic unit (14) determines by trigonometric evaluation of the resulting sine signal (yR) and the resulting cosine signal (xR) a resulting angle signal (αR) and provides the resulting angle signal (αR) for further processing.

Description

• – wobei der Signalgeber ein Drehelement aufweist, das um eine Rotationsachse drehbar ist,
• – wobei der Signalgeber eine Anzahl von Sensoren aufweist,
• – wobei die Sensoren jeweils ein Sinussignal und ein Cosinussignal ausgeben,
• – wobei das Sinussignal und das Cosinussignal des jeweiligen Sensors, bezogen auf eine jeweilige Referenzrichtung, charakteristisch für den Sinus und den Cosinus der Drehstellung des Drehelements sind,
• – wobei die Referenzrichtungen orthogonal zur Rotationsachse orientiert sind,
• – wobei der Signalgeber eine Recheneinheit aufweist, der die Sinussignale und die Cosinussignale zugeführt werden.

The present invention is based on a signal generator,

• Wherein the signal transmitter has a rotary element which is rotatable about an axis of rotation,
• Wherein the signal generator has a number of sensors,
• Wherein the sensors each output a sine signal and a cosine signal,
• Wherein the sine signal and the cosine signal of the respective sensor, with respect to a respective reference direction, are characteristic of the sine and the cosine of the rotational position of the rotary element,
• Wherein the reference directions are oriented orthogonal to the axis of rotation,
• - Wherein the signal generator has a computing unit to which the sine signals and the cosine signals are supplied.

• – wobei die elektrische Maschine einen Rotor und einen Stator aufweist,
• – wobei der Rotor auf einer Rotorwelle angeordnet ist und eine Anzahl von Polpaaren aufweist,
• – wobei bezüglich des Stators ortsfest eine Anzahl von Sensoren eines Signalgebers angeordnet ist und
• – wobei an der Rotorwelle ein mit den Sensoren zusammenwirkendes drehbares Drehelement des Signalgebers angeordnet ist.

The present invention is further based on an electrical machine,

• Wherein the electric machine has a rotor and a stator,
• Wherein the rotor is arranged on a rotor shaft and has a number of pole pairs,
• - With respect to the stator stationary a number of sensors of a signal generator is arranged and
• - Wherein on the rotor shaft cooperating with the sensors rotatable rotary member of the signal generator is arranged.

In the field-oriented control of electrical machines, the knowledge of the position and / or the speed of the magnetic flux axis (= electrical angle) of the electric machine is required. The orientation of the magnetic flux is closely coupled to the rotational position of the rotor of the electric machine. The rotational position of the rotor corresponds to the mechanical angle of the rotor. In the case of a two-pole electric machine, the rotational position of the rotor is identical to the electrical angle relevant for field-oriented regulation. However, if the number of magnetic pole pairs of the rotor is greater than 1, the relationship applies instead φ _el = n · φ _mech (1)

Here, φ _el denotes the electrical angle, φ _mech the mechanical angle and n the number of magnetic pole pairs of the rotor.

In the prior art, there are a large number of signal generators of the aforementioned type, wherein the angle signal provided by the arithmetic unit of the signal generator corresponds to the mechanical angle. The number of sensors is 1. Examples of such signal transmitters are based on magnetoresistive technology signal generator.

For many requirements, the known signalers are already working quite well. In some cases, however, an increased accuracy of the angle signal determined by the arithmetic unit is required. The increased accuracy may be required, in particular, for a good control of electrical machines whose rotor has a number of magnetic pole pairs that is greater than one.

In magnetoresistive signalers, it has been attempted to use rotary elements which are not formed as magnetic dipoles but as magnetic quadrupoles or higher poles. However, the signal detected by the signal generator in this case does not reflect the higher number of poles of the magnetic rotary element. In practice, therefore, other, often considerably more complex approaches are used.

The object of the present invention is to provide easily realizable possibilities by means of which the angle signal can be determined with improved accuracy.

The object is achieved by a signal generator with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the signal generator according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 9.

• – dass die Recheneinheit durch arithmetische Verknüpfung der Sinussignale und der Cosinussignale der Sensoren ein resultierendes Sinussignal und ein resultierendes Cosinussignal ermittelt und
• – dass die Recheneinheit das resultierende Sinussignal und das resultierende Cosinussignal zur weitergehenden Verarbeitung bereitstellt und/oder durch trigonometrische Auswertung des resultierenden Sinussignals und des resultierenden Cosinussignals ein resultierendes Winkelsignal ermittelt und das resultierende Winkelsignal zur weitergehenden Verarbeitung bereitstellt.

According to the invention, a signal generator of the type mentioned is configured by

• - That the arithmetic unit determined by arithmetic combination of the sine signals and the cosine signals of the sensors, a resulting sine signal and a resulting cosine signal and
• - That the arithmetic unit provides the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal for further processing and / or determined by trigonometric evaluation of the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal, a resulting angle signal and provides the resulting angle signal for further processing.

Thus, additions, subtractions and possibly also multiplications of the sine signals and cosine signals output by the sensors are carried out. Divisions are usually not required. The said arithmetic operations are - in conjunction with the design of the sensors - coordinated so that the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal and possibly also the determined resulting angle signal have improved accuracy. Due to the fact that only simple arithmetic operations are performed need, the demands on the computing power are relatively low.

In a first preferred embodiment, it is provided that the number of sensors is greater than 1 and that the reference directions of the sensors in pairs each form an angle which is different both from 0 ° and from 180 °. The angles 0 ° and 180 ° are - of course - related to geometric-mechanical angle. This also applies to other angles, unless it is expressly stated below that they are electrical angles.

Depending on the number of sensors, this configuration makes it possible in particular to determine with high accuracy an angle signal which has several periods per (mechanical) rotation of the rotary element about the axis of rotation, for example 2, 3, 4,.

It is possible that the number of sensors is even. In this case, the reference directions of the sensors preferably form a grid with an angular spacing of 180 ° / n, where n is the number of sensors.

Alternatively, it is possible that the number of sensors is odd. Also in this case, the reference directions of the sensors can form a grid with an angular separation of 180 ° / n, where n is the number of sensors. In this case, however, it is alternatively also possible for the reference directions of the sensors to form a grid with an angular spacing of 360 ° / n.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the arithmetic unit provides the sine signal and the cosine signal of one of the sensors for further processing and / or determines a further angle signal by trigonometric evaluation of the sine signal and the cosine signal of one of the sensors and also provides the further angle signal for further processing. This refinement makes it possible, in particular, to achieve, in addition to the provision of the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal and / or the resultant angle signal (ie, as a result of an electrical angle), also the mechanical angle or the angle determined using the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal mechanical angle underlying signals are provided with. This can be advantageous in the context of a position control.

It is preferably provided that the sensors are arranged on a single chip. By this configuration, in particular the arrangement of the sensors relative to each other can be adjusted particularly reliable. This also makes an arrangement of the individual sensors close to one another possible.

Preferably, the arithmetic unit is also arranged on the chip. This causes the output of the chip to be the same in design as a prior art chip, but with the sinusoidal and cosine signals of the sensors processed in accordance with the present invention.

As already mentioned, it is possible that in the case of a change in the rotational position of the rotary element, a change of the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal corresponds to a change of an integer multiple of the change in the rotational position of the rotary member. By this embodiment, in particular directly an angle signal can be determined or made available, the periodicity is matched to the number of magnetic pole pairs of the rotor of the electric machine, the electrical control is performed using the angle signal.

The technology on which the sensors are based can be on demand. At present, it is preferred that the sensors are designed as magnetoresistive sensors. For example, the sensors may be based on the GMR, AMR, TMR or other magnetoresistive effect.

The object is further achieved by an electric machine with the features of claim 10. An advantageous embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention is the subject of the dependent claim 11.

According to the invention, the signal generator is formed according to the invention in an electrical machine of the type mentioned.

Preferably, the signal generator is tuned to the electric machine such that upon rotation of the rotor at a speed in the case of providing the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal by the computing unit, the resulting sine signal and the resulting cosine signal and in the case of providing the resulting angle signal the arithmetic unit changes the resulting angle signal at a frequency and that the quotient of the frequency of the signals provided by the arithmetic unit with the rotational speed of the rotor is equal to the number of pole pairs of the rotor.

The above-described characteristics, features and advantages of this invention as well as the manner in which they are achieved are clearer and more clearly understood in the context of the following description of the embodiments, which are explained in more detail in conjunction with the drawings. Here are shown in a schematic representation:

1 a perspective view of an electrical machine and a signal generator according to the invention,

2 a sectional view through the electric machine of 1 .

3 a cross section through a rotor of the electric machine of 1 .

4 a schematic representation of a sensor,

5 a representation of a sine signal and a cosine signal,

6 schematically a block diagram of a signal generator,

7 a signal transmitter with two sensors,

8th a signal transmitter with four sensors,

9 a signal transmitter with three sensors and

10 another signal transmitter with three sensors.

The present invention will hereinafter be described in connection with that in FIGS 1 to 3 schematically illustrated electrical machine 1 explains which in 1 also shown signal generator 2 because this is the most common use case. As far as the signal generator 2 As such, however, this is also applicable to other applications.

According to the 1 and 2 has the electric machine 1 a rotor 3 and a stator 4 on. The rotor 3 is on a rotor shaft 5 arranged, in turn, in camps 6 is rotatably mounted. The rotor shaft 5 and with it the rotor 3 are therefore about an axis of rotation 7 rotatable. The rotor 3 indicates as shown in 3 a number of pole pairs. Shown in 3 four poles 8th So two pairs of poles. However, the number of pole pairs could also be 1 or greater than 2, for example, three pole pairs, four pole pairs, etc ..

A sensor part of the signal transmitter 2 is with respect to the stator 4 fixedly arranged. In particular, the sensor part of the signal generator 2 usually on a bearing plate of the electric machine 1 arranged. At the rotor 3 is a rotary element 9 of the signaler 2 arranged. The rotary element 9 is on the rotor shaft 5 arranged rotationally fixed. So it's spinning together with the rotor 3 , The rotary element 9 acts with the sensor part of the signal transmitter 2 together.

In particular, the sensor part of the signal transmitter 2 a number of sensors 10 on. Is shown in 1 the minimum number of sensors 10 that is, only a single sensor 10 , In general - this will be apparent from the other versions - but are more such sensors 10 available.

The following is in conjunction with the 4 and 5 First, the operation of a single sensor 10 explained. However, the corresponding explanations apply to all sensors 10 , As far as continue to be only a single sensor 10 is treated or irrelevant to which sensor 10 it is only the reference number 10 used as such. As far as between different sensors 10 must be distinguished, the reference number 10 one supplement each. For example, in this case, the sensor 10a . 10b etc. spoken.

The sensor 10 outputs two signals x, y. Relative to a respective reference direction 11 , that is a signal x characteristic of the cosine of the rotational position α of the rotary member 9 , The signal x is therefore referred to below as a cosine signal. In an analogous manner, the other signal y is characteristic of the sine of the rotational position α of the rotary member 9 , It is therefore referred to below as sinusoidal signal y. The reference direction 11 is orthogonal to the axis of rotation 7 oriented.

So far only the signals x, y of a single sensor 10 be treated or irrelevant, which sensor 10 outputs the corresponding signals x, y, only the reference symbols x, y are used. As far as between the signals from different sensors 10 must be distinguished, the reference numerals x, y - analogous to the reference numeral 10 for the sensors - one supplement each added. For example, in the case of a cosine signal, the signal xa, xb, etc. is used. Analogous versions apply to the sine signals y.

In principle, the sensors can 10 based on any technology that provides the above results. In many cases, the sensors are 10 however, designed as magnetoresistive sensors. In particular, this embodiment is currently preferred. In this case, the rotary element is 9 designed as a magnetic dipole whose magnetization axis orthogonal to the axis of rotation 7 runs.

In the case of a configuration as magnetoresistive sensors 10 assign the sensors 10 as shown in 4 two H-bridges 12 each with four resistors 13 on. One of the two H-bridges 12 supplies the sine signal y, the other the cosine signal x. In the resistances 13 are in 4 Arrows drawn. If - related to one of the resistors 13 - The direction of the measured magnetic field is parallel to the arrow, the respective resistance 13 a minimal resistance. When the direction of the measured magnetic field is antiparallel to the arrow, the respective resistance is shown 13 a maximum resistance. This embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art. It is realized, for example, in the sensor chip TLE5012B available from the company Infineon and also explained in the associated data sheet.

The signal generator 2 according to 6 furthermore an arithmetic unit 14 on. The arithmetic unit 14 has at least one arithmetic unit 15 on. The sine signals y and the cosine signals x of the sensors 10 become the arithmetic unit 14 fed. In 6 Here are the sine signals y and the cosine signals x of several sensors 10 shown.

By means of the arithmetic unit 15 determines the arithmetic unit 14 by arithmetic combination of the sine signals y and the cosine signals x of the sensors 10 a resulting sine signal yR and a resultant cosine signal xR. In particular, in the arithmetic unit 15 for determining the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR, additions, subtractions and multiplications of the sine signals y and the cosine signals x of the sensors 10 , Divisions are usually not required. Other operations are done in the arithmetic unit 15 Not. The resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR can be read by the arithmetic unit 14 be provided for further processing. For example, the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR may be sent to a controller 17 (please refer 2 ), which determines a resulting angle signal αR by trigonometric evaluation of the resulting sinusoidal signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR and, based on this, the control of a converter unit 18 determines which the stator 4 supplied with electrical energy.

Often, the arithmetic unit points 14 in addition to the arithmetic unit 15 an angle detection device 16 on. In this case, the two resulting signals yR, xR from the arithmetic unit 15 to the angle detection unit 16 to hand over. By means of the angle detection unit 16 determines the arithmetic unit 14 by trigonometric evaluation of the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR, the resulting angle signal αR. The resulting angle signal αR is in this case from the arithmetic unit 14 provided for further processing. For example, the resulting angle signal αR (see 2 ) to the controller 17 be issued. The structure and mode of operation of the angle detection unit 16 are well known to those skilled in the art. In particular, taking into account the signs of the two resulting signals yR, xR, the quadrant can be determined in which the resulting angle signal αR must lie. Furthermore, within the quadrant, the value of the resulting angle signal αR may be determined by one of the relationships αR = arctane (yR / xR) (2) αR = arccot (xR / yR) (3) or an equivalent procedure. The resulting angle signal αR can in the individual case with the mechanical angle - ie the rotational position of the rotary member 9 - correspond. In many cases, however, it will be an integer multiple of the mechanical angle.

Usually are from the arithmetic unit 14 either the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR or the resulting angle signal αR are provided for further processing. However, it is not excluded that from the arithmetic unit 14 Both the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR and the resulting angle signal αR are provided for further processing.

The following is in connection with the minimum configuration (a single sensor 10 which outputs a sine signal y and a cosine signal x) explains a possible simple implementation of the present invention. Thereafter, more complex embodiments will be explained in connection with the other FIG.

Suppose, with a rotation of the rotor 3 around its axis of rotation 7 around a (mechanical) base angle α, the resulting angle signal αR should correspond to twice the base angle α. In this case, the resulting sinusoidal signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR must reflect this situation. So it has to apply xR = cos (2α) (4) yR = sin (2α) (5)

It follows from the well-known addition theorems for sines and cosines that in the arithmetic unit 13 the calculations xR = x · x - y · y (6) yR = 2 · x · y (7) must be performed. When this happens, the desired result is obtained for the resulting angle signal αR.

In the minimal configuration, as just stated, is a single sensor 10 available. In general, the number of sensors 10 but greater than 1. This regularly leads to improved accuracy in determining the resulting signals yR, xR and αR.

In the case of the embodiment according to 7 points the signal generator 2 for example, two sensors 10a . 10b on. The reference directions 11 the sensors 10a . 10b form according to 7 an angle β. The angle β is in the embodiment according to 7 90 °. In the context of other embodiments, the angle β may be different from 90 °. Even then, however, it always applies that the angle β is different both from 0 ° and from 180 °.

In the case of the embodiment of 7 determines the arithmetic unit 14 (more precisely, the arithmetic unit 15 ) the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR by arithmetically combining the sine signals ya, yb and the cosine signals xa, xb preferably as follows: xR = -xa * yb-ya * xb (8) yR = -ya * yb + xa * xb (9)

Analogous to the procedure in the minimum configuration thus corresponds to a rotation of the rotor 3 around its axis of rotation 7 around a (mechanical) base angle α, the resulting angle signal αR at twice the base angle α. Due to the use of multiple sensors 10a . 10b However, the determination can be made with improved accuracy. Theoretically, also in the embodiment according to 7 a higher multiple than twice the base angle α can be determined. Usually, however, this leads to relatively large errors.

8th shows another signal generator 2 and its sensors 10 , In the embodiment according to 8th are four sensors 10a to 10d available. In the case of the embodiment of 8th the angle is β - depending on which sensors 10 be used - 45 °, 90 ° or 135 °.

In the context of the embodiment according to 8th determines the arithmetic unit 15 the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR by arithmetically combining the sine signals ya to yd and the cosine signals xa to xd preferably as follows:

First, the arithmetic unit determines 15 Intermediate signals xZ1, xZ2, yZ1, yZ2 according to the following relationships: xZ1 = -xa * yc + ya * xc (10) xZ2 = -xb * yd -yb * xd (11) yZ1 = -ya * yc-xc * xa (12) yZ2 = -yb * yd + xd * xb (13)

Then the arithmetic unit determines 15 based on the intermediate signals xZ1, xZ2, yZ1, yZ2 according to the following relationships, the two resulting signals xR, yR: xR = -xZ1 * yZ2 -yZ1 * xyZ2 (14) yR = -yZ1 * yZ2 + xZ2 * xZ1 (15)

In the embodiment according to 8th thus corresponds to a rotation of the rotor 3 around its axis of rotation 7 around a (mechanical) base angle α, the resulting angle signal αR at four times the base angle α. Due to the use of multiple sensors 10a to 10d the determination can be done with high accuracy.

In an analogous way, by using correspondingly higher numbers of sensors 10 in conjunction with a correspondingly more complex arithmetic pre-evaluation in the arithmetic unit 15 Even higher integer multiples of the base angle α can be determined with high accuracy.

For the arrangement or orientation of the sensors 10 applies as shown in the 7 and 8th in the case that the number of sensors 10 straight is that the reference directions 11 of the sensors 10 form a grid with an angular distance of 180 ° / n. n is the number of sensors 10 ,

If the number of sensors 10 odd, can the reference directions 11 the sensors 10 also form a grid with an angular distance of 180 ° / n, where n is again the number of sensors. 9 shows the corresponding embodiment in the case of three sensors 10a . 10b . 10c , Alternatively, it is an odd number of sensors 10 possible that the reference directions 11 the sensors 10 form a grid with an angular distance of 360 ° / n. This is in 10 shown.

In the case of the embodiment according to 9 determines the arithmetic unit 15 the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR preferably in accordance with the relationships xR = -4 xa xb xc (16) yR = 4 · ya · yb · yc (17)

The factor 4 can be neglected in principle, since only the signs of the two resulting quantities xR, yR and their quotient are required to determine the angle αR.

In the embodiment according to 9 thus corresponds to a rotation of the rotor 3 around its axis of rotation 7 around a (mechanical) base angle α, the resulting angle signal αR at three times the base angle α. Due to the use of multiple sensors 10 the determination can be done with high accuracy.

In the embodiment according to 10 In the case of equations 16 and 17, the sign changes in each case, but the principal determination is the same.

The above in connection with the 9 and 10 explained procedure can also apply to higher odd numbers of sensors 10 be extended. For example, for five sensors 10a to 10e arise for the determination of five times the base angle α the relationships xR = 16 · xa · ... · xe (18) yR = 16 · ya · ... · ye (19)

Here, too, the factor 16 can be neglected in principle, analogous to equations 16 and 17.

Usually are from the arithmetic unit 14 only the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR and / or the resulting angle signal αR are provided for further processing. It is possible, however, that the arithmetic unit 14 in addition to the said resulting signals yR, xR, αR, the sine signal y and the cosine signal x of one of the sensors 10 for further processing. It is also possible that the arithmetic unit 14 - usually as shown in 6 in addition to the angle detection unit 16 but in exceptional cases without the presence of the angle detection unit 16 - Another angle detection unit 16 ' having. If the other angle detection unit 16 ' is present, the other angle detection unit 16 ' the sine signal y and the cosine signal x of one of the sensors 10 fed. The further angle determination unit 16 ' determined in this case by trigonometric evaluation of this sine signal y and this cosine signal x another angle signal α, which coincides (within the detection accuracy) with the base angle. The further angle signal α is in this case from the arithmetic unit 14 also provided for further processing. The structure and mode of operation of the angle detection unit 16 ' is analogous to the construction and the mode of operation of the angle detection unit 16 , As a rule, either the sine signal y and the cosine signal x of one of the sensors become analogous to the ratio of the resulting signals yR, xR, αR 10 or the further angle signal α provided for further processing. However, all three signals y, x, α can also be provided.

The sensors 10 can according to the illustration in 6 especially on a single chip 20 be arranged. On the chip 20 can also be the arithmetic unit 14 be arranged with.

As explained in detail above, in the event of a change in the rotational position α of the rotary member 9 the corresponding change of the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR or the corresponding changes of the from the arithmetic unit 14 determined and provided for further processing resulting angle signal αR with an integral multiple of the change in the rotational position α of the rotary member 9 correspond. Explicitly explained above was for the two to five times. However, higher multiples are possible.

Due to the inventive design of the signal generator 2 Thus, it is particularly possible that upon rotation of the rotor 3 at a speed that of the arithmetic unit 14 determined and provided resulting angle signal αR changes with a frequency, wherein the quotient of the frequency of the computing unit 14 determined and provided resulting angle signal αR with the speed of the rotor 3 is equal to the number of pole pairs. An analogous situation also applies to the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR. In both cases, only a suitable arithmetic pre-evaluation of the sine signals y and the cosine signals x must take place.

In summary, the present invention thus relates to the following facts:
A signaler 2 has a rotating element 9 on, that around a rotation axis 7 is rotatable. The signal generator 2 also has a number of sensors 10 each outputting a sine signal y and a cosine signal x. The sine signal y and the cosine signal x of the respective sensor 10 are, based on a respective reference direction 11 characteristic of the sine and cosine of the rotational position α of the rotary element 9 , The reference directions 11 are orthogonal to the axis of rotation 7 oriented. The signal generator 2 has an arithmetic unit 14 on which the sine signals y and the cosine signals x are supplied. The arithmetic unit 14 determined by arithmetic combination of the sine signals y and the cosine signals x of the sensors 10 a resulting sine signal yR and a resultant cosine signal xR. The arithmetic unit 14 provides the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR for further processing. Alternatively or additionally, the arithmetic unit determines 14 by trigonometric evaluation of the resulting sine signal yR and the resulting cosine signal xR a resulting angle signal αR and provides the resulting angle signal αR for further processing.

The present invention has many advantages. In particular, it can be realized in a space-saving and cost-effective manner and delivers good results.

Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

Signaling device, - Wherein the signal transmitter is a rotary element ( 9 ), which around a rotation axis ( 7 ), wherein the signal generator has a number of sensors ( 10 ), wherein the sensors ( 10 ) each output a sine signal (y) and a cosine signal (x), - wherein the sine signal (y) and the cosine signal (x) of the respective sensor ( 10 ), relative to a respective reference direction ( 11 ), characteristic of the sine and cosine of the rotational position (α) of the rotary element ( 9 ), the reference directions ( 11 ) orthogonal to the axis of rotation ( 7 ), wherein the signal generator is a computing unit ( 14 ), to which the sinusoidal signals (y) and the cosine signals (x) are supplied, - wherein the arithmetic unit ( 14 ) by arithmetically combining the sine signals (y) and the cosine signals (x) of the sensors ( 10 ) determines a resulting sine signal (yR) and a resulting cosine signal (xR), - wherein the arithmetic unit ( 14 ) provides the resulting sine signal (yR) and the resulting cosine signal (xR) for further processing and / or determines a resulting angle signal (αR) by trigonometric evaluation of the resulting sine signal (yR) and the resulting cosine signal (xR) and the resulting angle signal (αR ) for further processing. Signaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of sensors ( 10 ) is greater than 1 and that the reference directions ( 11 ) of the sensors ( 10 ) in pairs each form an angle (β) which is different from both 0 ° and 180 °. Signaling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of sensors ( 10 ) is straight and that the reference directions ( 11 ) of the sensors ( 10 ) form a grid with an angular distance (β) of 180 ° / n, where n is the number of sensors ( 10 ). Signaling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of sensors ( 10 ) is odd and that the reference directions ( 11 ) of the sensors ( 10 ) form a grid with an angular spacing (β) of 180 ° / n or 360 ° / n, where n is the number of sensors ( 10 ). Signaling device according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the arithmetic unit ( 14 ) the sine signal (y) and the cosine signal (x) of one of the sensors ( 10 ) for further processing and / or by trigonometric evaluation of the sine signal (y) and the cosine signal (x) of one of the sensors ( 10 ) determines a further angle signal (α) and also provides the further angle signal (α) for further processing. Signaling device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the sensors ( 10 ) on a single chip ( 20 ) are arranged. Signaling device according to claim 6, characterized in that on the chip ( 20 ) also the arithmetic unit ( 14 ) is arranged. Signaling device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that in the event of a change in the rotational position (α) of the rotary element ( 9 ) a change of the resulting sine signal (yR) and the resulting cosine signal (xR) with a change of an integer multiple of the change of the rotational position (α) of the rotary element ( 9 ) corresponds. Signaling device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the sensors ( 10 ) are designed as magnetoresistive sensors. Electric machine, - wherein the electric machine has a rotor ( 3 ) and a stator ( 4 ), wherein the rotor ( 3 ) on a rotor shaft ( 5 ) is arranged and has a number of pole pairs, - wherein with respect to the stator ( 4 ) stationary a number of sensors ( 10 ) of a signal generator ( 2 ) is arranged according to one of the above claims and - wherein at the rotor shaft ( 5 ) with the sensors ( 10 ) cooperating rotatable rotary element ( 9 ) of the signal generator ( 2 ) is arranged. Electrical machine according to claim 10, characterized in that upon rotation of the rotor ( 3 ) at a speed in the case of providing the resulting sine signal (yR) and the resulting cosine signal (xR) by the arithmetic unit ( 14 ) the resulting sine signal (yR) and the resulting cosine signal (xR) and in the case of a provision of the resulting angle signal (αR) by the arithmetic unit ( 14 ) change the resulting angle signal (αR) with a frequency and that the quotient of the frequency of the computing unit ( 14 ) provided signals (yR, xR, αR) with the speed of the rotor ( 3 ) equal to the number of pole pairs of the rotor ( 3 ).

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