DE102015010041A1 - Terra Preta Humanidade, process for its preparation and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

Stable, humus- and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil form or Terra Preta Humanidade (11) having properties of anthropogenic soil forms such as Terra Preta do Indio, producible by a process comprising the following process steps: (a) production of biochar or pyrogenic carbon (8) by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization (7) of carbonaceous biomass (4, 5, 6), (b) inoculation of the mixture by admixing a starter culture of microorganisms (2) to perform anaerobic fermentation of further biomass added to the pyrogenic carbon (8) , 5, 6) for generating Terra Preta Humanidade Initial (9), (c) adding further microorganisms (2) to produce Terra Preta Humanidade Active (10) and (d) adding soil supplements (3) to produce Terra Preta Humanidade (11), wherein the Terra Preta Humanidade (11) contains at least one constituent (1), - which is at least 10 times its dry weight in water take and at least partially release and that - is present as nanoparticles, microparticles and / or macroparticles; Process for their preparation and their use.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to humus-rich and nutrient-rich and water-storing soils or soil substrates (hereinafter referred to as "Terra Preta Humanidade") with the properties of anthropogenic soil types such as Terra Preta or Terra Preta do Indio.

Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for producing a Terra Preta humanidade in which pyrogenic carbon and organic biomass is subjected to a fermentation process.

Last but not least, the present invention relates to the use of the Terra Preta Humanidade for soil preparation and soil improvement, for sustainable use in land-use and settlement systems as well as for the circular economy, the energy production and the greening of steppes and deserts.

State of the art

Millennia ago, various indigenous peoples and Native American civilizations were able to transform barren and nutrient-poor soils into extraordinarily productive, fertile soils, such as the Indian Black Soils, also known as Terra Preta do Indio.

In order to cultivate crops today on barren soil, not only a few indigenous peoples, but also settlers land clearing, in which the ashes of the burned-down trees acts as fertilizer. In this way it is possible to cultivate the fields for up to several years.

The secret of Terra Preta do Indio lies in their composition and production. Historical investigations and scientific analyzes showed that the early indigenous peoples converted wood into charcoal in a complex process that is no longer used today. Unlike ash, however, charcoal does not fertilize but binds water and nutrients in the soil. Therefore, ash-fertilized soils are not culturally viable after a short time, while Terra Preta do Indio soils have a long-term ability to retain water and nutrients in the soil and slowly release them to the plants. The high proportion of charcoal in the Terra Preta do Indio prevents the rain from washing the nutrients out of the soil. In the meantime, tens of thousands of such natural Terra Preta areas have been discovered at various locations around the world. All have in common that grow on this black earth plants much faster and yield a multiple yield. Corresponding studies, for example in the Amazon Basin, allow the conclusion that the area of today's jungle could originally feed several million people.

Terra Preta do Indio can be described as a solar-influenced steady-state equilibrium of organomineral soil colloids in symbioses of monocellular and multicellular soil organisms, higher plants, livestock and humans.

There has been no lack of attempts in the past to produce soil substrates with the properties of anthropogenic soil forms (Terra Preta do Indio).

So concerns the European patent EP 2 188 230 B1 and the corresponding US patent application US 2010/0109734 A1 stable, humus and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil substrates with the properties of anthropogenic soil forms such as Terra Preta do Indio. Furthermore, the European patent relates to a process for producing these soil forms in which fumed carbon, organic biomass and / or natural minerals are introduced as starting materials in a fermentation process. The resulting soil substrates should lead to a sustainable high soil fertility, so that no more mineral fertilizers are needed for economic use. Furthermore, the soil is suitable as a soil substitute, soil substrate or soil supplement for greening of settlements, erosion inhibition, improving regional water households, flood prevention, climate protection, reducing the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, for waste water treatment and purification, air purification and building air purification for the creation of material flow circuits from biogenic waste and / or waste water for the development and utilization of land use and settlement systems.

From the German utility model DE 20 2014 004 445 U1 goes out an apparatus for the production of biochar and production of heat. The apparatus includes a motorized fuel conveyor for pumping biomass fuel into a combustor for carbonizing the extracted biomass fuel in the combustor to biochar and combusting the released volatiles for heat recovery. In addition, the apparatus comprises a biochar conveyor for discharging the biochar generated in the burner from the burner.

From the German patent application DE 10 2013 102 530 A1 A method emerges, with which land areas with infertile, ie poor, degraded or only moderately fertile soils can be treated relatively inexpensively and in comparatively short time to very fertile agricultural land. In the method, Terra Preta is introduced and / or applied in and / or on punctiform surface sections of the land that is to be processed for a fertile agricultural use, wherein at least a part of the punctiform surface sections is planted with at least one crop, which is one Enrichment of soil organic matter and can cause a permanent carbon input.

From the German patent application DE 10 2011 087 635 A1 is a process for the production of soil-improving substrates by treatment of fermentation residues obtained from biogas plants. In this case, the fermentation residues or the liquid fraction of the fermentation residues are mixed or brought into contact with at least one magnesium ion source, at least one phosphate ion and / or hydrogen phosphate ion source and preferably one carbon source. Subsequently, the water is wholly or partially removed from the present substrates, if appropriate.

US Patent Application US 2012/0193271 A1 discloses an apparatus for the continuous extraction of a product stream from an unconventional oil source. The apparatus comprises oppositely spaced centrifugal impellers having a common axis of rotation defining a working space therebetween that extends from the axis of rotation to the periphery. One of the impellers comprises a centrally and axially arranged Materialeinfüllöffnung for extraction of the product stream from the working space. Another impeller comprises a centrally and axially arranged discharge opening. Furthermore, the device comprises a drive motor, which is connected to the impellers, so that they rotate about the common axis of rotation against each other. Last but not least, devices for introducing the starting material into the working space via an axial filling device during rotation are provided.

From the German utility model 20 2012 000 031 U1 a composition is known which, based on its total amount, consists of 50% by weight of biochar, 17.5% by weight of garden soil, 10% by weight of lava rock, 10% by weight of compost, 5% by weight of animal bones , 5% by weight of mussel shells, 2% by weight of bog sludge (no peat) and 0.5% by weight of saltpetre.

From the German patent application DE 10 2010 037 253 A1 A method of propagating, growing and accelerating the growth of rhizomes is known, which is intended to reduce the time after application to the first harvest of miscanthus and similar plants. It is envisaged that young, multi-leafed plant bales that have not yet formed a rhizome, mechanically divided, planted in Terra Preta and irrigated and fertilized with nutrient-contaminated water. So increased Miscanthus is contrary to conventional propagation methods not only after three, but already after two years, the first time can be harvested.

From the German patent application DE 10 2009 053 867 there is a process for the production of soil additives for improving the cation exchange capacity, nutrient and water holding capacity of soils by biological fermentation, in which a liquid coal slurry is added to the organic biomass prior to fermentation. The liquid coal sludge is a sewage sludge treated by hydrothermal carbonization.

From the International Patent Application 2009/149944 A1 is an ecological plant for the production of growing media and / or soil additives and / or organic fertilizers with properties of anthropogenic Terra Preta out. The plant comprises a fermenter in which unloaded solid and liquid organic biomass, biowastes, waste and waste water and mineral substances are subjected to an anaerobic fermentation process, in particular anaerobic lactic acid fermentation, wherein in the fermenter at least inert carbon with a large pore volume or a substitute thereof such as lava, zeolite, bentonite, expanded clay and / or other porous materials are included. The plant can also be a biological exchange filter upstream of the fermenter, which consists in its basic structure of organic biomass and / or mineral materials and / or inert carbon with a large pore volume and / or a mixture thereof and the liquid organic biomass such as fermentation residues, manure, Mist, wastewater and wastewater are passed, and / or an intensive rotting for the hygenization and killing of germinable seeds on temperature increase and / or a drying rental for drying and neutralization of the fermented biomass have.

From the European patent application EP 2 128 115 A1 are soils that resemble anthropogenic Terra Preta known. They are made from a mixture containing charcoal, sugar and phosphoric acid and, based on a volume of the mixture, 10 to Contains 100 volumes of peat or compost, produced at constant humidity.

• (a) Vermischung von zerkleinertem und/oder gesiebtem pyrogenem Kohlenstoff mit zuvor verkleinerter und homogenisierter, leicht zersetzbarer, organischer Biomasse,
• (b) Animpfung des Gemisches durch Beimischung einer Starterkultur aus Mikroorganismen zur Durchführung einer anaeroben Fermentation in Form einer Milchsäuregärung und/oder bereits hergestellter Bodensubstrate und/oder eine dem Milchsäuregärungsprozess ausgesetzten Biomasse, sowie
• (c) Inkubation des Gemisches unter Luftausschluss zur Durchführung einer Milchsäuregärung bei einer Temperatur zwischen 30°C und 40°C und einem pH-Wert im sauren Bereich, wobei während des Fermentationsprozess eine kontrollierte Bodenentwässerung und Entgasung vorgesehen sind.

From the international patent application WO 2009/021528 is another method for the production of stable humus and nutrient-rich and water-storing soils or soil substrates with properties of anthropogenic soil forms known. The method comprises the steps:

• (a) mixing crushed and / or sieved pyrogenic carbon with previously reduced and homogenized, easily decomposable, organic biomass;
• (B) Inoculation of the mixture by admixing a starter culture of microorganisms for carrying out anaerobic fermentation in the form of a lactic acid fermentation and / or already produced soil substrates and / or a biomass exposed to the lactic acid fermentation process, and
• (C) incubation of the mixture with exclusion of air to carry out a lactic acid fermentation at a temperature between 30 ° C and 40 ° C and a pH in the acidic range, wherein a controlled soil drainage and degassing are provided during the fermentation process.

According to the European patent EP 2 188 230 B1 , Column 2, paragraphs [0010] and [0011], it has still not been able to artificially produce the black earth similar anthropogenic soil form of Terra Preta do Indio. However, a method for producing these anthropogenic soil forms would be desirable for a variety of reasons, for example, to build sustainable land use systems that permanently secure food supplies, regulate the local water balance, purify wastewater and air, and contribute to flood prevention and mitigation. In addition, the "disposal" of organic municipal waste, which currently causes significant environmental problems for humans, would be solved in the sense of an ecological and economic circular economy.

Thus, the task continues to provide a method for producing a soil form or a Terra Preta Humanidade, which corresponds to the anthropogenic black soils with the described long-acting nutrient and water-storing properties or at least very similar, and the use and application of these to develop artificially generated soil forms that can lead to sustainable land use and settlement systems.

From the American patent US 8,361,185 B2 For example, a mixture for the sustained delivery of macronutrients in acidic soils containing a nitrogen-containing macronutrient such as urea adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles is known. The coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are embedded between the layers of nanoclay, so that the macronutrients are released to the soil sustainably.

US Patent Application US 2010/0285962 discloses a biodegradable product for erosion control, crop protection and seed coating comprising a plant-based product such as a vegetable protein and a product containing vegetable fibers. The biodegradable product may further include pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, bactericides, pest repellants, seeds, biological decontamination organisms, useful organisms, herbicides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, sodium hydroxide, acid modifiers, clay, nanoclay, surfactants, para-tertiary octylphenoxypolyethylene glycol and water-absorbing substances.

However, the person skilled in the art can not derive any suggestions and information on this prior art which suggest the use of nanoclay and / or superabsorbers for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade.

Object of the invention

It is therefore still the task of providing a method for producing a soil form or a Terra Preta Humanidade, which corresponds to the anthropogenic black soils (Terra Preta do Indio) with the described long-acting nutrient and water-storing properties even better or even more similar as the previously known soil forms. This should already significantly increase the possibilities of utilization and application of these improved artificially generated soil forms and lead to particularly sustainable land use and settlement systems.

Solution of the task

• (a) Herstellung von Biokohle oder pyrogenem Kohlenstoff durch Pyrolyse oder hydrothermale Karbonisierung von kohlenstoffhaltiger Biomasse,
• (b) Animpfung des Gemisches durch Beimischung einer Starterkultur aus Mikroorganismen zur Durchführung einer anaeroben Fermentation von weiterer zu dem pyrogenen Kohlenstoff zugesetzter Biomasse zur Erzeugung von Terra Preta Humanidade Initial,
• (c) Zugabe weiterer Mikroorganismen zur Erzeugung von Terra Preta Humanidade Aktiv und
• (d) Zugabe von Bodenzusätzen zur Erzeugung von Terra Preta Humanidade,

wobei die Terra Preta Humanidade mindestens einen Bestandteil enthält,

• – der mindestens das Zehnfache seiner Trockenmasse an Wasser aufnehmen und zumindest teilweise wieder abgeben kann und der
• – als Nanopartikel, Mikropartikel und/oder Makropartikel vorliegt.

Accordingly, the stable, humus- and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil form or Terra Preta humanidade having properties of anthropogenic soil forms such as Terra Preta do Indio has been found, preparable by a process comprising the following process steps:

• (a) production of biochar or fumed carbon by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization of carbonaceous biomass;
• (B) Inoculation of the mixture by admixing a starter culture of microorganisms to perform anaerobic fermentation of further biomass added to the fumed carbon to produce Terra Preta Humanidade Initial,
• (c) adding further microorganisms to produce Terra Preta Humanidade Active and
• (d) adding soil additives to produce Terra Preta Humanidade,

where the Terra Preta Humanidade contains at least one constituent,

• - Take up at least ten times its dry weight of water and at least partially release it and the
• - is present as nanoparticles, microparticles and / or macroparticles.

In the following, the new stable, humus-rich and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil form is referred to as "inventive Terra Preta Humanidade".

In addition, the new use of the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial, the Terra Preta Humanidade Active and the Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention for deodorizing foul-smelling biomass and / or Bodezusätzen, for binding water-soluble nitrates, nitrites and / or phosphates, as a soil substitute, as a soil supplement, for improving soil fertility, greening settlements, eroding erosion, improving regional water resources in temperate climates, arid and desert climates and tropical climates, preventing floods, preventing dryness in soils, slopes and dams, mitigating climate change, reducing pollution the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, for wastewater treatment and treatment, for the purification of exhaust air and building air purification, for the creation of material flow circuits from biogenic waste and / or waste water for the development and utilization of land use and Siedlungssyst emen found.

Hereinafter, the new use of the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial, the Terra Preta Humanidade Active and the Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention is referred to as "use according to the invention".

• (a) Herstellung von Biokohle oder pyrogenem Kohlenstoff durch Pyrolyse oder hydrothermale Karbonisierung von kohlenstoffhaltiger Biomasse,
• (b) Animpfung des Gemisches durch Beimischung einer Starterkultur aus Mikroorganismen zur Durchführung einer anaeroben Fermentation von weiterer zu dem pyrogenen Kohlenstoff zugesetzter Biomasse zur Erzeugung von Terra Preta Humanidade Initial,
• (c) Zugabe weiterer Mikroorganismen zur Erzeugung von Terra Preta Humanidade Aktiv und
• (d) Zugabe von Bodenzusätzen zur Erzeugung von Terra Preta Humanidade, wobei
• (e) vor und/oder nach mindestens einem Verfahrensschritt (a), (b), (c) und/oder (d) mindestens ein Bestandteil, der mindestens das Zehnfache seiner Trockenmasse an Wasser aufnehmen und zumindest teilweise wieder abgeben kann und der als Nanopartikel, Mikropartikel und/oder Makropartikel vorliegt, zugesetzt wird.

Last but not least, the new process for the production of stable humus- and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil forms or Terra Preta Humanidade with properties of anthropogenic soil forms such as Terra Preta do Indio, comprising the process steps:

• (a) production of biochar or fumed carbon by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization of carbonaceous biomass;
• (b) inoculating the mixture by admixing a starter culture of microorganisms to effect anaerobic fermentation of further biomass added to the pyrogenic carbon to produce Terra Preta Humanidade Initial,
• (c) adding further microorganisms to produce Terra Preta Humanidade Active and
• (d) adding soil additives to produce Terra Preta Humanidade, wherein
• (e) before and / or after at least one process step (a), (b), (c) and / or (d) at least one constituent which absorbs at least ten times its dry weight of water and at least partially release it again and which Nanoparticles, microparticles and / or macroparticles is present, is added.

In the following the new process for the production of stable humus- and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil forms or Terra Preta Humanidade with properties of anthropogenic soil forms such as Terra Preta do Indio is referred to as "inventive process".

Advantages of the invention

In view of the prior art, it was surprising and unforeseeable for the skilled person that the object underlying the present invention could be achieved by means of the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention.

In particular, the wide range of uses and applications that led to sustainable land use and / or application systems were surprising.

The Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention led to a sustained high soil fertility, so that for an economic use of the soil surface no mineral fertilizer was required. Furthermore, the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention is suitable as soil substrate, as soil substitute, as soil supplement, for greening of settlements, for erosion inhibition, for the improvement of regional water households, for flood prevention, for the reduction of the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere (climate protection), for the purification of dirty water and wastewater treatment, for exhaust air purification and building air purification.

Last but not least, the process according to the invention had the advantage that the biogas produced during the production of the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention could be used in combined heat and power plants (CHP plants) to generate electricity.

Detailed description of the invention

Starting materials for the preparation of the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention are pyrogenic carbon and easily decomposable organic biomass.

The term "pyrogenic carbon" is understood to mean the carbon structures formed by strong heating of organic and preferably lignin-containing material. For example, pyrogenic carbon is found in the form of charcoal, sieve residues of charcoal, black earth and wood ash.

The invention also encompasses the appropriate selection of the basic and starting materials for the production of the inventive bottom mold having the desired properties. These include z. As organic municipal waste, organic waste from industry, commerce, agriculture and forestry and horticulture and the lignin-containing materials, such as green waste, mulch, wood waste, biogas plant waste, which may be dried and / or filtered and in conjunction with the invention Lead to a complete cycle management system. It also includes the development, conception, planning and implementation of new, sustainable land use and settlement systems, which are only made possible by the inventive technology.

To denote the various products and intermediates of the soil forms of the invention, the following terms are introduced. The intermediate product which has been prepared in a first production phase and can already be used as a soil substrate is referred to as "Terra Preta Humanidade Initial". Terra Preta Humanidade Initial is obtained by mixing the starting materials pyrogenic carbon and organic biomass and then fermenting them. Optionally, in this step, the addition of natural minerals such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., for example in the form of mineral soils occur. Terra Preta Humanidade Initial can already be used as a soil substrate, as soil substitute, for soil improvement or as a soil supplement.

Further processing of the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial obtained in this way leads to another soil form called "Terra Preta Humanidade Aktiv". Here, the previously mentioned Terra Preta Humanidade Initial is further treated with soil organisms, such as worms, mites and / or mycorrhiza. This can be done either in separate facilities, tanks or directly on the ground to be treated open spaces. In the latter case, the treatment can also be done by immigration of natural soil organisms (eg earthworms). After a certain period of time under the influence of soil organisms, the end product, the Terra Preta Humanidade Active according to the invention, has emerged from the Terra Preta Humanidade Active.

For the present invention, it is essential that at least one constituent is added to the respectively present materials "starting materials", "Terra Preta Initial", "Terra Preta Initial Active" and "Terra Preta Humanidade" on at least one process stage of the inventive method, the at least which can take up ten times, preferably at least fifty times, more preferably at least one hundred times, and in particular five hundred times, its dry weight of water and at least partially release it, and which is present as nanoparticles, microparticles and / or macroparticles.

Preferably, the nanoparticles have a mass-average particle size of 1 to <1000 nm, the microparticles a mass-average particle size ≥ 1000 nm to <1000 microns and the macroparticles of a mass-average particle size ≥ 1000 microns.

Preferably, this ingredient is selected from the group consisting of nanoclay and superabsorbents.

Nanoclays are derived from a large class of naturally occurring silicates, of which platy montmorillonite is the most widely used. Montmorillonite consists of approximately 1 nm thick aluminosilicate layers, the surface of which is substituted with metal ions and which form approximately 10 μm thick multilayer stacks. They are used, for example, as additives for plastics.

Preferably, the nanoclay is selected from the group consisting of bentonites and montmorillonites.

• – Copolymerisaten der Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure mit Alkaliacrylat und/oder Alkalimethacrylat,
• – Copolymerisaten auf der Basis von Stärke und Acrylaten und/oder Methacrylaten und
• – Copolymerisaten auf der Basis von Polyacrylamiden und Alkaliacrylaten und/oder Alkalimethacrylaten,

ausgewählt.Preferably, the superabsorbent is selected from the group consisting of

• Copolymers of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with alkali acrylate and / or alkali methacrylate,
• - based on starch and acrylates and / or methacrylates and
• Copolymers based on polyacrylamides and alkali acrylates and / or alkali methacrylates,

selected.

Superabsorbents are well-known substances and are annually in the 100,000-ton scale produced. In the main, superabsorbents are used as absorbent material in diapers.

In particular, the ingredients described above are mixed in humus or coal, included in the coal or on the coal, for. B. added by linker added. This can thus be done prior to pyrolysis, during pyrolysis, after pyrolysis, when applied to the field, prior to microbe vaccination and / or after microbe vaccination.

The amount of the above-described ingredients added to the starting materials, the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial, the Terra Preta Humanidade Active and / or the final product, the Terra Preta Humanidade of the invention, can vary widely and depends primarily upon which water retention should have the bottom mold according to the invention. So soil forms according to the invention, which are applied primarily on sandy soils and similar dry soils, have a greater proportion of such components, as the soil forms according to the invention, which are applied to naturally moist soils.

Preferably, the ingredients described above are incorporated in the process according to the invention in an amount such that the Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention, based on the Terra Preta Humanidade, 0.01 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 80 wt .-% and in particular 0.1 to 70 wt .-% of the ingredients.

In the method according to the invention for producing the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention, the pyrogenic carbon is added to a predominantly anaerobic fermentation process in which a fermentation of an organic biomass mixture by means of microorganisms (eg bacteria, fungi, fungal spores, algae, etc.) takes place. In the process, the released nutrients and minerals are incorporated into the pyrogenic carbon structures.

In the context of the present invention, the term "fermentation" or "fermentation" is understood to mean the reaction of biological, in particular organic, materials with the aid of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi or cell cultures). However, fermentation can also be effected by the addition of metabolically active enzymes or other biologically active molecules (eg nutrient substrates of the microorganisms). The fermentation may include both aerobic processes (eg, acetic acid fermentation) and anaerobic processes (eg, lactic acid fermentation).

The fermentation process can take place either in containers, plants or directly on the open space. The fermentation process can take place spontaneously with the microorganisms naturally present in the biomass. Alternatively, for controlled control of the process and preparation of the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial, microorganisms or mixtures of various microorganisms (eg, bacteria, fungi, cell cultures) may be added as starter cultures.

The fermentation process, which is carried out under exclusion of air, produces humus-rich, nutrient-rich and water-storing clay-humus complexes which have comparable properties to those of the natural Terra Preta do Indio. The nutrient-rich and water-storing clay-humus complexes produced in this way are chemically and biologically stable and serve as a permanent carbon reservoir with long-lasting binding capacity for nutrients and water.

The pyrogenic carbon can be introduced, for example, in the form of charcoal or its sieve residues or wood ash and / or obtained by a pyrolysis process in a mobile or stationary pyrolysis of predominantly lignin-rich, organic materials such as wood, plant stems, fruit pits, nut shells or bones. Bone has the advantage that it is particularly phosphorus-containing.

Preferably, the pyrolysis process is operated under oxygen exclusion at about 100 to 1000 ° C. However, the person skilled in the art understands that the corresponding pyrolysis conditions can be adapted to the respective conditions, such as the type of pyrolysis plant, the ambient pressure and / or the amount, the nature and the nature of the pyrolysis product.

To produce the pyrogenic carbon, in a preferred embodiment, the pyrolysis material may be previously cut or crushed and pressed into compacts. These have the advantage that the pyrolysis process is better controllable and provides a homogeneous pyrolysis product, which favors the subsequent fermentation. Otherwise would need for the preservation of pyrogenic carbon, the pyrolysis z. B. after bark, grasses, wood or bone according to the nature of first be separated before it is fed to the respective pyrolysis.

In addition to the pyrogenic carbon produced in the pyrolysis process other useful products, such as oil, wood tar and / or gas, which can be used for example for power, heat and / or refrigeration. As a result, these by-products can be utilized for sensible use, for example for energy production, and within the meaning of the invention sustainable land use and settlement systems.

The resulting in the pyrolysis warm air or the gas is used in a preferred embodiment of the invention for optimizing the fermentation process. If necessary, the hot waste heat from the pyrolysis must be cooled to the temperature of 30 to 40 ° C required for the fermentation process.

In the exhaust gases of the pyrolysis ammonia, carbon dioxide and water is also included, which convert in the passage through the still hot pyrogenic carbon in the pores to solid ammonium bicarbonate or deer horn salt. This by-product can in turn be used as a long-term fertilizer in the context of the invention. Another positive aspect for the passage of these gases through the still hot pyrogenic carbon is the fact that the exhaust gases of the pyrolysis are purified. As a result, any resulting harmful substances can be eliminated naturally by the pyrolysis process itself.

In a preferred pyrolysis process for the production of pyrogenic carbon finely crushed wood is also placed with leaf mass in a rent, compacted, watered and largely airtight z. B. sealed with earth. Alternatively, the method can also be carried out with silos or in special containers. After some time, a thermal rotting effect begins, in which temperatures up to 80 ° C arise inside. The main product is fumed carbon, which can be added to the fermentation process. In the pyrolysis process, hot water with a temperature of about 60 ° C. can also be obtained via simple heat exchangers. In addition, light gas is generated, which can be used to generate energy.

In addition to pyrolysis, the skilled worker is also familiar with other processes for the production of pyrogenic carbon. As an example, the method of hydrothermal carbonization may be mentioned.

The produced by various methods pyrogenic carbon has intramolecular carbon structures, the z. B. can be influenced by the pyrolysis. As a result, the properties of the pyrogenic carbon used for the process according to the invention can be adapted in view of a high nutrient and water storage capacity.

Other modifications to the invention are part of the preferred embodiments. For example, in a preferred embodiment, the pyrogenic carbon may be comminuted and / or sieved before use according to the invention and homogenized with the organic biomass. The pyrogenic carbon may also be treated with urine and / or urea solution and / or other urea-containing solutions to provide nitrogen and phosphorus so that the beneficial properties are enhanced.

The readily decomposable organic biomass to be used for the production preferably consists of green plants and their residues, organic municipal waste, organic waste from industry, commerce, agriculture and forestry and horticulture, such as organic waste, kitchen waste, green waste, human or animal feces, manure or Fermentation residues from biogas plants, horn plane, hair, peat, slaughterhouse waste, manure, Aspergillus niger, fish waste, fish meal and / or bran.

The entry of heavy metals and toxic substances should be avoided with regard to sustainable land use. Coarse organic biomass can be crushed and / or screened and / or homogenized with the pyrogenic carbon prior to the Terra Preta Humanidade manufacturing process.

The minerals required for the production can be supplied, for example, in the form of mineral soil or mineral soil substrates either already in the phase of preparation of the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial or only in the phase of the surface application of Terra Preta Humanidade Active on the ground.

The mineral soil is either mixed in containers or a plant before or after the fermentation with the organic biomass and the pyrogenic carbon or applied directly to the surface to be treated or is already contained on the soil to be treated. Preferably, the natural mineral soils are obtained to avoid transport costs and / or the environmentally relevant consequences of transporters from the environment of the place of manufacture and used at the place of application.

The minerals (eg nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) can be used as fertilizer, lime or in the form of mineral soils or other mineral soils substrates, for example of kaolinite, mullite, lime, potsherds, volcanic ash, zeolites, porcelain, ceramics, earthenware, silicon dioxide containing hard sedimentary rock in ground form from 11 to 12 wt .-% quartz, 21 to 22 wt .-% calcite, 21 to 22 wt .-% dolomite, 12 to 14 wt .-% albite and 41 to 44 wt .-% X-ray amorphous Fraction, sand, stones, loam, loess, and / or fertilizer supplied.

However, essentially inert foam particles of polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polystyrene can also be used.

If the supply of natural minerals is already in the production phase of Terra Preta Humanidade Initial, it may be necessary to mince and / or sieve the mineral soils beforehand. Also, a mixture with other mineral soil is possible.

• – Dichte: 1,2 bis 1,6 g/cm³, bevorzugt 1,3 bis 1,4 g/cm³
• – Wassergehalt: etwa 20 bis 30 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 22 bis 27 Gew.-%,
• – abschlemmbare Teilchen (< 0,2 mm): mindestens 500 g/kg,
• – organische Kohlenstoff: etwa 40 g/kg, davon mindestens 15 g/kg pyrogener Kohlenstoff,
• – pH-Wert (H₂O): etwa 5,5 bis 6,5,
• – Stickstoff: mindestens 2 g/kg,
• – Phosphor: mindestens 2 g/kg,
• – C:N-Verhältnis: etwa 15 und
• – Kationenaustauscherkapazität: etwa 150 mM/kg.

As previously mentioned, Terra Preta Humanidade Initial, which has already been used as a soil substrate, is obtained in the first production phase of Terra Preta Humanidade. This is preferably done by mixing the starting materials pyrogenic carbon and easily decomposable organic biomass and optionally minerals or mineral soil or mineral soil substrates in suitable mixing ratios and the subsequent initiation of a fermentation process. The amount of mineral soil is not critical. However, the nutrients should not exceed certain concentrations in order to produce no harmful effects. The appropriate mixing ratio of the starting materials is calculated by the contents of carbon, water, nutrients and by the pH depending on the composition of the starting materials available on the site. Preference is given to using pyrogenic carbon in an amount of at least 5% by weight and the organic biomass in an amount of at least 50% by weight. The preferred ratio is in a range of 10 to 20 wt% pyrogenic carbon and 80 to 90 wt% organic biomass. The other amount of mineral substances, including the nanoclays and / or superabsorbents to be used according to the invention, is admixed according to need and application form of the soil form according to the invention. Preferably, the characteristics of the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention should be within the range of the following parameters:

• Density: 1.2 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , preferably 1.3 to 1.4 g / cm ³
• Water content: about 20 to 30% by weight, preferably 22 to 27% by weight,
• - fusible particles (<0.2 mm): at least 500 g / kg,
• - organic carbon: about 40 g / kg, of which at least 15 g / kg pyrogenic carbon,
• PH (H ₂ O): about 5.5 to 6.5,
• - nitrogen: at least 2 g / kg,
• Phosphorus: at least 2 g / kg,
• - C: N ratio: about 15 and
• - Cation exchange capacity: about 150 mM / kg.

The minerals were already mixed with the starting materials in this example. The natural mineral soil or the natural minerals can be added later in a further production form and / or in the course of the soil formation process, d. H. the formation of Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention from Terra Preta Humanidade Aktiv. The same applies to the nanoclays to be used according to the invention.

The fermentation process can be carried out according to the invention in containers, silos, boxes, rents, soil troughs, etc., which may consist of various materials such as concrete, steel, stainless steel, carbon, clay, clay or ceramic.

Another embodiment of the invention consists in the surface fermentation, wherein the starting materials are sealed as airtight as possible with plastic plates, films and / or a mineral seal. For the safe design of the fermentation process almost anaerobic environmental conditions are brought about.

Relevant for the invention is the lactic acid fermentation, in which sugar from the biomass is converted by means of microorganisms into lactic acid. For the lactic acid fermentation preferably homofermentative bacteria, heterofermentative bacteria, Bifidobakterien or combinations of different fermentatiefer strains are used. The fermentation lowers the pH to a value of 4. By adding mineral soil or lime after the fermentation process, the pH in the soil substrate can be neutralized again. The mineral soil or lime thus has a double function: on the one hand it serves as a source of minerals, on the other hand as a buffer system for the pH.

Depending on the starting materials, a biological starter culture, preferably of ubiquitous microorganisms and / or already prepared Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention and / or of biomass already exposed to a lactic acid fermentation process, can be mixed in to safely design the fermentation process.

The addition of the biological starter culture can be carried out manually and / or automatically already during the mixing of the starting materials and / or only during the introduction into the fermentation plant and / or only in the fermentation plant.

The fermentation is preferably carried out at a temperature between 30 and 40 ° C. In the sense of a sustainable value-added chain, local sources of surplus heat can be accessed as a source of heat, for example in the pyrolysis process, in fermentation processes in biogas plants, in composting and / or arises during operation of cogeneration units. By a controlled fermentation in which the lactic acid fermentation and / or other bacterial and / or fungal outcrops play an essential role, the readily convertible organic starting materials are conserved and stabilized against microbial degradation.

Preferably, the fermentation time is about 2 to 6 weeks.

Through the fermentation process, the pH in the acidic area, d. H. down to pH = 4, lowered. This pH reduction advantageously has the effect that pathogenic microorganisms are killed, as a result of which a pathogen-free soil substrate is obtained. The pH is increased after the fermentation process by the addition of mineral soil or lime, which neutralizes to an optimum pH of 5 to 6.5.

The Terra Preta Humanidade Initial of the invention thus prepared can be stored at cool temperatures for a long time without substantially altering its structure.

In a subsequent preferred second production phase for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention, a Terra Preta Humanidade Initial is obtained from the previously described Terra Preta Humanidade Initial. Preferably, this is done by the introduction and / or immigration of soil organisms such as earthworms, compost worms, mycorrhiza, beetles and / or mites. This process can take place either in the tanks or fermentation plants where the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial was previously made, or in special containers or plants, as well as on open ground surfaces.

The activities of these higher soil organisms produce stable clay-humus complexes as well as the symbioses of microorganisms and macroorganisms. This leads to the far-reaching organic determination of plant nutrients and the construction of complex physical and chemical buffer systems. Gaseous and liquid nutrient losses are thus avoided and carbon is accumulated to a high degree. It creates a starting material with optimal living conditions for higher plants. Preferably, the process is designed so that the higher soil organisms can develop optimally, such as by moisture and temperature regulation.

According to the invention, the admixture of lime, z. As algae lime, useful to optimize the soil formation processes.

Depending on the process conditions, the production of Terra Preta Humanidade Active takes between three months and one year.

If, after this time, the soil formation processes of the Terra Preta Humanidade Active have largely progressed, it can be assumed that Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention has now arisen. A particular property of the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention is that it continues to grow upon entry of organic biomass, i. H. that the carbon compounds and minerals of the biomass are stable and permanently integrated into the soil structure.

For carrying out the method according to the invention, the invention further relates to a stationary or mobile device, with which it is possible to produce the bottom mold according to the invention, if desired, on site.

The device according to the invention comprises a fermenter system in which a fermentation of the biomass takes place with the aid of microorganisms. The fermenter system can be operated both stationary and mobile. A modular construction of the fermenter system for the different production phases is also possible.

Preferably, the fermenter plants have facilities, such as drainage, floor drains, openings, etc., so that a controlled liquid and gas leakage can be ensured. Furthermore, the fermenter systems according to the invention may have facilities that ensure adjustable constant temperatures during the process. An automatic process control of the fermentation process can be carried out by measuring sensors, which detect, for example, the temperature, the pH, the carbon dioxide content, the methane content and / or the hydrogen sulfide content.

The device further comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a pyrogenic plant for the production of pyrogenic carbon, in which the thermal decomposition of the chemical compounds of the lignin-rich, organic material with exclusion of oxygen, d. H. under near anaerobic conditions, takes place.

Before the pyrolysis plant, a crushing and pressing plant can be connected upstream, and to obtain a pressure from different ligninreichen material. Further, the plant may include a screening means such as a drum screen.

Furthermore, the fermenter system includes facilities that allow the waste heat generated during the pyrolysis of the fermenter to optimize the fermentation process is supplied.

The Terra Preta Humanidade produced according to the invention leads to an increase in soil fertility over a longer period, which z. B. can not be reached by the previously made interference of ash, charcoal, compost, manure, manure, digestate, humus and / or fertilizer in the soil to this extent.

Due to the incorporation of organic substances into the pyrogenic carbon structures, the Terra Preta humanidade according to the invention with its particularly large surface area and low degradability acts as a long-term storage and buffer system in the soil. Furthermore, rapid remineralization of stored organic substances and nutrients is avoided

The Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention is characterized by a stable biological microsystem in which biological, physical and chemical processes are in equilibrium for a long time. This makes it suitable for arid and humid land use systems. Through the use of a mobile pyrolysis furnace and the subsequent fermentation process, it is possible to produce the clay-humus complexes according to the invention in almost every location of the earth. Biomass that was previously only incinerated or disposed of as waste (eg green waste, manure, faeces or biowaste from the cities) can now be used economically.

Furthermore, the artificially produced clay-humus complexes according to the invention can have an important role for climate protection in the case of widespread application. For their growth, plants need the carbon dioxide dissolved in the atmosphere, which they extract from the air. If charring lignin-rich biomass and working the thus obtained pyrogenic carbon after fermentation in the soil, one deprives the atmosphere permanently carbon dioxide. This is also done through the preservation of biomass through the fermentation process and the subsequent storage in the form of permanent humus.

In addition, the climate-relevant greenhouse gas emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from agricultural land can be reduced by the significantly higher area productivity of the Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention. Organic farming and the development of nutrient cycles in highly dense global areas will open up completely new perspectives.

As inventively preferred uses and applications of Terra Preta Humanidade Initial and Terra Preta Humanidade Active are numerous options and variants available.

In a preferred variant, the products according to the invention can be applied and / or incorporated directly onto the floor or the area of the future connection and / or poured into dams. If the production of Terra Preta Humanidade Initial and / or Terra Preta Humanidade Active has already occurred on the surfaces and / or floors, application or incorporation may be omitted.

A use of the invention for this application consists in the sustainable improvement of soil fertility, for example, to increase the horticultural and / or agricultural and / or forestry production and / or waiving artificial soil fertilization. For example, this would enable a significant increase in food production globally, which in turn could contribute to global hunger reduction. By increasing the area production of agricultural and forestry soils would also open up new opportunities in renewable energy z. B. by energy crop production or energy storage by green plants.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is the introduction of Terra Preta Humanidade, Terra Preta Humanidade Initial and / or Terra Preta Humanidade Active in beds, cemeteries, public facilities, planters, containers, atria, conservatories, greenhouses, etc., for example, for indoor greening, settlement and Building greening and commercial and ornamental plant cultivation. As a result, for example, architecture and / or urban planning creates completely new opportunities for design and circular economy models. Municipal waste such as organic waste, sewage or feces can be integrated with the technology of the invention in small circuits and contribute to the green design and food production.

Another use according to the invention is the humus enrichment and stabilization of soils in arid or humid areas for erosion inhibition and / or water storage.

Another use according to the invention consists in the improvement of soils in steppe and / or desert regions for the containment and / or regression of steppe and desert areas. By a targeted reclamation of such areas with localized plants could turn the food and / or the energy crop production are increased.

Another use according to the invention consists in the improvement of the water absorption capacity of soils and thus in the improvement of regional water households and in flood prevention. Due to a lack of humus content, a significant part of the world's arable land is unable to buffer or store larger amounts of precipitation water, so that they drain relatively quickly into streams, rivers and lakes and can possibly lead to flooding here. At the same time, this water is missing in the regional water balance. The Terra Preta Humanidade and / or Terra Preta Initial and / or Terra Preta Humanidade Active according to the invention are capable of taking up or storing up to 200 l / m ^{2 of} liquid. The stored water is now slowly released to plants and / or to the groundwater, which balances the regional water balance and at the same time means flood prevention.

Another use according to the invention lies in targeted contributions to climate protection. This is done solely by a nationwide application of the invention, because carbon compounds from biomass are stored to a high degree stable in the soil and thus do not enter the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, as is the case for example in aerobic degradation processes. Especially in agriculture, the production of manure from livestock and / or digestate from biogas plants generates considerable climate-damaging methane and nitrous oxide emissions. By a targeted application of the invention, for. B. in the integration of agricultural biomass in the production of the soil forms of the invention and / or by applying these biomasses on Terra Preta humanidade managed arable land, climate-damaging methane and / or nitrous oxide emissions can be significantly reduced. Another use of the invention is in the application in the field of wastewater treatment and treatment. In this case, in a preferred application with Terra Preta humanidade cultivated areas according to the invention, contaminated water of domestic, municipal, commercial and / or agricultural origin can be applied. The increased accumulation capability of the surfaces due to the use according to the invention leads to a stable incorporation of carbon compounds and nutrients as well as to storage of water. As a result, these surfaces are on the one hand excellent for the cultivation of water-consuming crops, z. As energy plant plantation with reeds and / or Miscanthus, and on the other hand valuable carbon fractions and nutrients from the dirty water are used meaningful and value added, while they must be destroyed in conventional treatment with energy use.

Another use according to the invention is the application in the field of exhaust air purification and building air conditioning. Here, in a preferred application with Terra Preta Humanidade cultivated areas, beds or plants for cleaning exhaust air and / or treatment of building air can be used. In a preferred embodiment, the air to be purified or treated is passed through distributor devices through the soil substrate and thereby taken up by microorganisms or fungi in the metabolism and thereby decomposed into individual molecular structures. These in turn are stably stored in the soil substrate and are available to plants for humus and nutrient supply. A novel application form according to the invention lies in the targeted use of terrains filled with Terra Preta humanidade, plant containers and plants inside and / or outside buildings for building air conditioning and simultaneous greening. In this case, the building air on devices such. As fans, transported in the distributors of Terra Preta Humanidade filled beds, plant containers or equipment, there cleaned and prepared and then returned through the surfaces and / or openings back into the building.

Another use of the invention is in the application in the field of creating material flow circuits from biogenic waste and / or waste water from different use units, such as individual households, buildings, settlements, towns, cities, forestry and agriculture, horticulture, commerce and industry with the technology of the invention For example, numerous biogenic wastes and / or effluents from the respective use units within these can be treated, treated and used, for example, for soil improvement, food procurement, energy and crop production as well as water and air purification.

The invention includes both the production of Terra Preta Humanidade, Terra Preta Humanidade Initial and / or Terra Preta Humanidade Active with the applications described above, as well as the disposal and simultaneous recovery of municipal waste or wastewater, which can often lead to significant environmental impact.

Accordingly, the invention also includes the selection of the raw materials for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade, Terra Preta Humanidade Initial and / or Terra Preta Humanidade Active, such as organic wastes, effluents, fermentation residues, manure, green waste, lignin-containing materials and ashes which, in conjunction with the process of the invention, result in a complete cycle management system.

This also includes the inventive addition of the above-described components, which can be carried out at all stages of the process according to the invention.

Another positive effect of the method according to the invention is that foul-smelling biomass and soil additives, such as organic waste, wastewater, fermentation residues, manure, manure, manure, silage liquid, liquid biogas plant residue, urine, feces, faeces, fish meal and / or fish waste by adding pyrogenic Carbon and nanoclay can be deodorized.

A further application form according to the invention includes the development, design, planning and implementation of new, sustainable land use and settlement systems, which are made possible only by the inventive technology.

Last but not least, it is a particular advantage of the invention of the Terra Preta humanidade and the method according to the invention for its production that the Terra Preta Humanidade Aktiv, the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial and the Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention are already in the form of packaged, dosable powders, packaged, metered aqueous dispersions and pastes and standardized tablets and tabs can be prepared, stored, transported and used.

The variety of applications is reflected in the numerous suitable methods of applying the Terra Preta Humanidade Active, the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial and the Terra Preta Humanidade according to the invention. Thus, the products can be spread as solid or poured out as a liquid or nebulized. They are also excellent for the drip application. Furthermore, they can be applied by plowing, squeezing, harrowing, burying or raking.

In the following, the invention will be described by way of example with reference to FIGS 1 explained in more detail.

In the 1 it is a flow chart of the method according to the invention, which illustrates the present invention and not limited in any way. The person skilled in the art can specify further embodiments without inventive step on the basis of the examples and the flow chart.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

→

addition of material

1

Nanoclay and / or superabsorber

2

Microorganisms, soil organisms and / or mycorrhiza

3

soil additives

4

Waste from biogas plants

5

green waste

6

biowaste

4, 5, 6

biomass

7

Pyrolysis / charring or hydrothermal carbonation

8th

Biochar or fumed carbon

9

Terra Preta Humanidade Initial

10

Terra Preta Humanidade Active

11

Terra Preta Humanidade

12

Recycling / container usage

13

biogas

14

CHP

15

electricity

example 1

Process for the preparation of Terra Preta humanidade according to FIG. 1

The 1 illustrated by a flowchart, the various embodiments of the method according to the invention.

Waste from biogas plants 4 , Green waste 5 and organic waste 6 were a pyrolysis 7 or, in another embodiment, subjected to hydrothermal carbonation.

In further embodiments, the wastes of biogas plants 4 , Green waste 5 and / or organic waste 6 Nanoclay and / or superabsorber according to the invention 1 added.

That at the pyrolysis 7 resulting biogas 13 became a combined heat and power plant 14 for the production of electricity 15 fed. The pyrolysis 7 resulting biochar or the resulting pyrogenic carbon 8th was with microorganisms 2 offset, causing Terra Preta Humanidade Initial 9 resulted.

In further embodiments, pyrolysis was carried out in the process according to the invention 7 and / or the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial 9 nanoclay 1 added.

In the further course of the process of the invention, the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial 9 again or in another embodiment microorganisms for the first time 2 added so that Terra Preta Humanidade Active 10 resulted.

In another embodiment, the Terra Preta became Humanidade Active 10 still nanoclay and / or superabsorber 1 added.

The Terra Preta Humanidade Active 10 were subsequently added to the soil 3 such as kaolinite, mullite, humus, potting soil, lime, horn plane, hair, peat, potsherds, slaughterhouse waste, volcanic ash, manure, manure, manure, urine, feces, faeces, fungi such as black mold, zeolites, expanded clay, fish meal, fish waste, bran, Minerals, porcelain, ceramics stoneware, silicon dioxide-containing hard sedimentary rock in ground form of 11 to 12 wt .-% quartz, 21 to 22 wt .-% calcite, 21 to 22 wt .-% dolomite, 12 to 14 wt .-% albite and 41 to 44 wt .-% X-ray amorphous fraction, sand, stones, loam, loess, artificial fertilizer and / or foam particles based on polystyrene, polyethylene and / or polypropylene added. This resulted in the Terra Preta Humanidade 11 ,

In further embodiments, the Terra Preta Humanidade Active was used in the procedure according to the invention 10 Nanoclay and / or superabsorber 1 together with or separately the Bodezusätzen 3 added.

For the process according to the invention, it was therefore essential that nanoclay and / or superabsorber be used in at least one process stage 1 was added. Preferably, based on the Terra Preta humanidade, 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 2 wt .-% nanoclay 1 used.

The nanoclay and / or superabsorber according to the invention 1 containing Terra Preta Humanidade 11 could be easily transported without loss of their activity. For example, it has helped a circular economy ( 12 ), where they are easily shipped, for example, in empty containers, which otherwise would have to be returned empty to the sender without loss of their activity.

Example 2

Deodorization of manure ( 3 ) and other malodorous Bodezusätze ( 3 ) with pyrogenic carbon ( 8th ) and nanoclay ( 1 )

Slurry ( 3 ) was in a slurry tank with pyrogenic carbon ( 8th ) and nanoclay ( 1 ). Manure was used per cubic meter of manure ( 3 ) 9000 g pyrogenic carbon ( 8th ) and 3000 g nanoclay ( 1 ). The resulting mixture was stirred to fully disperse the aggregates. This was the bad smell of manure ( 3 ) eliminated and there was no odor nuisance in the application of liquid manure to the field.

The experiment was carried out with a mixture ( 3 ) from manure, manure, silage liquid, liquid biogas plant residue, urine, feces, faeces, fish meal and fish waste repeatedly. Again, it could be eliminated odor nuisance.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2188230 B1 [0009, 0020]
• DE 202014004445 U1 [0010]
• DE 102013102530 A1 [0011]
• DE 102011087635 A1 [0012]
• DE 202012000031 U1 [0014]
• DE 102010037253 A1 [0015]
• DE 102009053867 [0016]
• WO 2009/149944 A1 [0017]
• EP 2128115 A1 [0018]
• WO 2009/021528 [0019]
• US 8361185 B2 [0022]

Claims (10)

Stable, humus- and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil form or Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) having properties of anthropogenic soil forms such as Terra Preta do Indio, producible by a process comprising the following process steps: (a) production of biochar or pyrogenic carbon ( 8th ) by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonation ( 7 ) of carbonaceous biomass ( 4 . 5 . 6 (b) inoculation of the mixture by admixing a starter culture of microorganisms ( 2 ) for carrying out an anaerobic fermentation of further to the pyrogenic carbon ( 8th ) added biomass ( 4 . 5 . 6 ) for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade Initial ( 9 ), (c) addition of further microorganisms ( 2 ) for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade Aktiv ( 10 ) and (d) addition of soil additives ( 3 ) for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ), Characterized in that the Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) at least one component ( 1 ), which can absorb at least ten times its dry weight of water and at least partially release it, and which is present as nanoparticles, microparticles and / or macroparticles. Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the constituent ( 1 ) absorb at least fifty times its dry weight of water and at least partially release it. Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the constituent ( 1 ) is selected from the group consisting of nanoclay and superabsorbers. Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - the nanoclay ( 1 ) is selected from the group consisting of bentonites and montmorillonites, and - the superabsorber ( 1 ) from the group consisting of - copolymers of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with alkali acrylate and / or alkali methacrylate, - copolymers based on starch and acrylates and / or methacrylates and - copolymers based on polyacrylamides and alkali acrylates and / or alkali methacrylates, is selected. Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nanoparticles ( 1 ) has a mass-average particle size of 1 to <1000 nm, the microparticles ( 1 ) has a mass-average particle size ≥ 1000 nm to <1000 μm and the macroparticles ( 1 ) have a mass-average particle size ≥ 1000 microns. Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) the component ( 1 ) in an amount of, based on the Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ), 0.01 to 90 wt .-% is or are. Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it kaolinite, mullite, humus, potting soil, lime, horn plane, hair, peat, potsherds, slaughterhouse waste, volcanic ash, manure, manure, manure, silage liquid, liquid biogas plant residue, urine, faeces , Faeces, diapers, fungi such as black mold, zeolites, expanded clay, fish meal, fish waste, bran, minerals, porcelain, ceramics, stoneware, silicon dioxide-containing hard sedimentary rock in ground form from 11 to 12 wt .-% quartz, 21 to 22 wt. % Calcite, 21 to 22% by weight dolomite, 12 to 14% by weight albite and 41 to 44% by weight X-ray amorphous fraction, sand, stones, loam, loess, artificial fertilizer and / or foam particles based on polystyrene, Polyethylene and / or polypropylene as floor additives ( 3 ) are added. Using the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial ( 9 ), the Terra Preta Humanidade Active ( 10 ) and the Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for the deodorization of malodorous biomass ( 4 . 5 . 6 ) and / or Bodezusätzen ( 3 ), for the binding of water-soluble nitrates, nitrites and / or phosphates, as soil substitutes, as soil supplements, to improve soil fertility, to greening of settlements, to erosion inhibition, to improve regional water households in temperate climates, arid and desert climates and tropical climates, for the prevention of flooding, as a means against the dryness of soils, slopes and dams, for climate protection, to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, for wastewater treatment and purification, for air purification and building air purification, to create material flow circuits from biogenic waste and / or waste water Development and utilization of land use and settlement systems. Using the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial ( 9 ), the Terra Preta Humanidade Active ( 10 ) and the Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the Terra Preta Humanidade Initial ( 9 ), the Terra Preta Humanidade Active ( 10 ) and the Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) in the shape of packaged, dosable powders, packaged, dosable aqueous dispersions and pastes as well as standardized tablets and tabs are produced, stored, transported and used. Process for the preparation of stable humus- and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil forms or Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ) having properties of anthropogenic soil forms such as Terra Preta do Indio, comprising the steps of: (a) producing biochar or fumed carbon ( 8th ) by pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonation ( 7 ) of carbonaceous biomass ( 4 . 5 . 6 (b) inoculation of the mixture by admixing a starter culture of microorganisms ( 2 ) for carrying out an anaerobic fermentation of further to the pyrogenic carbon ( 8th ) added biomass ( 4 . 5 . 6 ) for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade Initial ( 9 ), (c) addition of further microorganisms ( 2 ) for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade Aktiv ( 10 ) and (d) addition of soil additives ( 3 ) for the production of Terra Preta Humanidade ( 11 ), characterized in that it (e) before and / or after at least one process step (a), (b), (c) and / or (d) at least one component ( 1 ), which can absorb at least ten times its dry weight of water and at least partially release it and which is present as nanoparticles, microparticles and / or macroparticles, is added.

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