DE102014220082B4 - Production device and method for the layered production of a three-dimensional component from at least one hardenable strand of material - Google Patents

Abstract

Production device (100) for the layered production of a three-dimensional component from at least one curable strand of material (2), comprising: at least one application device (5) with at least one nozzle device (1) for applying the at least one strand of material (2) in layers according to the shape of the three-dimensional component a substrate (6), anda processing device (4) for shaping at least a section of the contour of the material strand (2), the processing device (4) being designed in such a way that at least one depression ( 10) and/or to introduce at least one cavity (105).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a production device for the layer-by-layer production of a three-dimensional component from at least one curable strand of material and a method for producing the component using the production device.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

There are a number of different processes for the rapid construction of prototypes of components or solid models based on 3D computer models. The previous methods differ in the raw materials used and the construction methods used. What all processes have in common is that they are built up in layers.

Two of the main previous methods are presented in more detail below.

One of these methods is the so-called Fused Layer Modeling (FLM), which is EP 0 833 237 B1 is described. In this process, thermoplastics, usually in wire form, are melted in a heated nozzle and extruded through this onto the carrier part. By controlling the feed rate of the flexible strand and by the relative movement between a dispensing head and a support member, a three-dimensional object of predetermined shape is created by sequentially depositing multiple layers of the material.

Another method is the so-called Three Dimensional Printing (3DP), which is EP 0 431 924 B1 is described. In it, a thin layer of particulate material is applied to a platform. A binder is selectively introduced using a print head, which binds the powder in the printed area. By repeatedly applying layers and binders, the desired three-dimensional geometry is gradually created as a solid bond. The unconnected particulate matter is then removed.

With the so-called Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) process, it is currently not possible to produce smooth component exteriors. The individual layers are clearly shown here. In addition, no structures can be introduced on the outer walls of the component or an individual track. Accordingly, the application of very large layers is always associated with a very uneven surface.

With the Three Dimensional Printing (3DP) process, no closed cavities can be realized in which the powder can also be removed again after the printing process.

Both methods also have the problem that it is difficult to manufacture lightweight structures on a large scale very quickly and inexpensively.

Furthermore, from the WO 2006/033621 A1 a method for the production of a product from wood flour is known. Wood flour is applied to a carrier and then a binder to the layer of wood flour. The application of wood flour and binder is alternately repeated, with the layers of wood flour being bonded together by the binder to form the finished product. A scraper blade is used to remove excess wood flour from a respective wood flour layer and to achieve a wood flour layer with an appropriate thickness.

In the US 0,431,924 A2 describes a method for producing a component, wherein first a layer of powder material and then a binder is applied to a selected area of the powder material. The steps of applying the powder material and the binder are repeated until the finished component is formed. The excess powder material not bound by the binder material is then removed. A blade is used to remove excess powder material. Furthermore, a mold in which the powder material and the binder are applied can be vibrated to disperse the powder material more evenly.

Next is from the DE 101 17 875 C1 a method and a device for applying fluids, in particular particulate material, is known. In this case, the fluid is applied to an area to be coated in front of a blade, seen in the forward movement direction of the blade. Thereafter, the blade is moved over the applied fluid. The blade oscillates in the manner of a rotary movement.

From the DE 10 2004 008 168 A1 a method and a device for applying fluids, in particular particulate material, is also known. After the fluid has been applied to an area to be coated, a leveling element is moved over the applied fluid, the fluid being supplied from a dosing system provided with an opening, which vibrates at least when the fluid is applied.

From the US 2014/0 159 273 A1 ) a filament drive mechanism is known for use in extrusion-based additive manufacturing systems. Each printhead thermally melts successive segments of the picked-up filament into a molten material. The molten material is extruded and layered onto a platen for printing the 3D part and a support structure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Against this background, the invention is now based on the object of providing a production device which allows improved production of a three-dimensional component, it being possible in particular for the properties of the component to be influenced in a targeted manner.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a production device having the features of patent claim 1 and/or by a method having the features of patent claim 16 .

According to the invention, a production device is provided for the layer-by-layer production of a three-dimensional component from at least one curable material strand, comprising: at least one application device with at least one nozzle device for applying the at least one material strand in layers according to the shape of the three-dimensional component to a substrate, and a processing device for shaping at least a section of the contour of the strand of material, wherein the processing device is designed in such a way that it introduces at least one indentation and/or at least one cavity into the strand of material applied to a substrate by means of the nozzle device.

By shaping at least one section of the contour of the strand of material, the component can be provided very easily and cost-effectively, for example, with indentations or cavities in order to form a lightweight construction. Likewise, for example, the contour of the component can also be shaped in such a way that the surface of the component is smoothed, as a result of which complex post-processing of the surface contour of the component is no longer necessary. By introducing an additional material into or onto the material strand, the material strand can be additionally reinforced, for example by adding fibers, or made lighter, for example by adding particles of expanded polystyrene to the material strand.

Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the dependent claims and the description with reference to the drawings.

In one embodiment of the invention, the processing device is designed in such a way that at least the section of the contour of the material strand is smoothed, roughened, compacted and/or raised.

By smoothing the contour of the strand of material, the component can be formed with an improved surface quality. By compacting the strand of material, the density of the strand of material can in turn be increased.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the processing device is designed to introduce at least one additional material into the material strand, the additional material being a solid material, in particular fibers, a liquid material, a gaseous material, in particular air, a pasty material and/or a powdery material. By supplying the additional material, the properties of the component can be influenced in a targeted manner. For example, a component can be made particularly light by introducing a gaseous material, such as air, into the material strand.

In another embodiment of the invention, the nozzle device is designed as a processing device, with the nozzle device in particular having a core as a shaping element. In this case, the core is arranged, for example, in the nozzle device in such a way as to form one or more cavities in the strand of material of the nozzle device. The hardenable material is guided along the outside of the core in the nozzle device and then applied to a substrate as a strand of material. In this way, the strand of material can be formed hollow or with at least one cavity by means of the core. In this way, for example, a particularly light component can also be formed.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the core is solid or hollow. The hollow core is connected to at least one feed device for feeding the additional material through the hollow core into the at least one cavity created by the core. In this way, the strand of material can not only be provided with at least one cavity, but it can also be filled with an additional material or filling material in order to specifically influence the properties of the strand of material and the component formed from it.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the nozzle device is provided with at least one Feeding means connected for feeding the additional material and applying the additional strand of material to at least a portion of the outside of the strand of material. For example, the outside of the strand of material can be provided with rovings or endless fibers as additional material. In this way, the strand of material can be additionally reinforced, for example.

In another embodiment of the invention, the processing device has at least one shaping element for shaping the contour of the strand of material. The shaping element is designed to be fixed, displaceable and/or rotatable, for example. The shaping element can be a roller, a nozzle or a carriage, for example. The carriage can be designed to move into and out of the material strand. In this way, the strand of material can be provided with indentations. Furthermore, the nozzle as a shaping element can, for example, generate an air jet or water jet and form the material strand with the aid of the air jet or water jet or another suitable fluid jet, e.g. create depressions in the surface of the material strand or smooth the surface of the material strand etc..

According to one embodiment of the invention, the shaping element is provided with at least one structuring element on its outside. The structuring element is a depression and/or an elevation. The strand of material can be provided with any desired surface contour by means of the structuring element. For example, the contour can be provided with a surface contour with hemispherical depressions by means of a hemispherical structuring element.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the strand of material can be provided with at least one depression as a structuring element as a result of the elevation. The at least one indentation of the material strand, e.g. on the upper side of the material strand, can additionally be closed by applying a further layer of the material strand over it. In this way, the component can be formed with cavities and thereby be built lighter.

In another embodiment of the invention, the shaping element has two mutually offset rotating elements, e.g. In this way, the strand of material can be provided with depressions, for example, simply by rotating the rotating elements, while the structuring elements themselves are designed to be stationary.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the nozzle device is designed in such a way that it conveys or applies the strand of material perpendicularly, at an incline or parallel to the substrate. In order to apply the strand of material at an incline to the substrate, the nozzle device is designed to be inclined or inclinable by an angle. As a result, components with sloping walls or walls with sloping sections can be produced particularly easily.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the nozzle device has a counter-holder. The counter-holder is designed to be stationary or movable. The counter-holder can be used to prevent the material strand from unintentionally flowing away, for example forwards, if the counter-holder is arranged in front of the nozzle device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, two nozzle devices are arranged opposite one another in such a way that they produce a common strand of material. The nozzle devices can supply different materials, for example, and thus form a material strand made of two different materials. A thicker strand of material can also be produced by bringing together the material from two nozzle devices.

In another embodiment of the invention, the application device has at least one particle guide device for supplying particles. For example, wood flour, wood shavings, cardboard particles, expanded polystyrene particles, metal particles, plastic particles, ceramic particles, particles of a mineral material, paper particles and/or sand can be supplied as particles for the material of the material strand. Furthermore, the production device has at least one binder material device for providing the particles of the particle feed device with a binder material for forming the material of the material strand. A thermoplastic, an adhesive, e.g. a hot-melt adhesive or a reactive adhesive, and/or a resin system can be used as the binder material. Wood chips and wood flour, as well as particles of cardboard and paper as particles have the advantage that they are renewable raw materials. Plastic particles can also be recycled.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least the nozzle device and/or a construction platform can be moved in the X-direction, Y-direction and/or Z-direction as a base for applying the material strand. Any three-dimensional component can be produced in this way.

In one embodiment of the invention, the strand of material can be formed before, during and/or after the hardening of the strand of material. For example, the strand of material can be made malleable again after curing, for example by heating the strand of material. Likewise, the strand of material can be shaped not only before but also during the hardening by the processing device, as long as the strand of material is sufficiently malleable.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the strand of material can be cured by radiation, e.g. infrared (IR) radiation, laser radiation, or UV radiation, by mechanical energy, in particular ultrasound, and/or heat. However, the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned. Likewise, the strand of material can be self-hardening, e.g. hardening in air, etc..

The above configurations and developments can be combined with one another as desired, insofar as this makes sense. Further possible configurations, developments and implementations of the invention also include combinations of features of the invention described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.

character list

• 1a eine erste Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 1b eine Variante der ersten Ausführungsform gemäß 1a;
• 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 3 eine dritte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 4 eine vierte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 5 ein Beispiel eines Materialstrangs, welcher mit einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der 3 oder 4 auf eine Unterlage aufbringbar ist;
• 6 ein weiteres Beispiel eines Materialstrangs, welcher mit einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der 3 oder 4 auf eine Unterlage aufbringbar ist;
• 7 eine fünfte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 8 eine sechste Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 9 eine siebte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 10 ein Materialstrang, welcher in mehreren Schichten übereinander aufgebracht wird;
• 11 ein weiterer Materialstrang, welcher in mehreren Schichten übereinander aufgebracht wird;
• 12 eine Schnittansicht A-A des Materialstrangs und der Formungselemente gemäß 11;
• 13 eine Schnittansicht A-A eines Materialstrangs;
• 14 eine achte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 15 eine neunte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 16 eine zehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 17 eine elfte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 18 eine zwölfte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 19 eine dreizehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 20 eine vierzehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 21 eine fünfzehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 22 eine sechzehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 23 eine siebzehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 24 eine achtzehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 25 eine neunzehnte Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 26 eine schematische Darstellung einer Drehung der Auftragseinrichtung;
• 27 eine zwanzigste Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 28 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Partikelzuführungseinrichtung mit einer Förderwalze;
• 29 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kombination aus zwei Partikelzuführungseinrichtungen;
• 30 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer weiteren Kombination aus zwei Partikelzuführungseinrichtungen mit einer Mischereinrichtung;
• 31 eine einundzwanzigste Ausführungsform einer Herstellungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung;
• 32 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Düseneinrichtung;
• 33 ein Ausführungsbeispiel mehrerer Auftrageeinrichtungen mit dazu gehörenden Düseneinrichtungen; und
• 34 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Auftrageeinrichtung mit mehreren Düseneinrichtungen.

The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments given in the schematic figures of the drawings. They show:

• 1a a first embodiment of a manufacturing device according to the invention;
• 1b according to a variant of the first embodiment 1a ;
• 2 a second embodiment of a manufacturing device according to the invention;
• 3 a third embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 4 a fourth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 5 an example of a strand of material, which with a manufacturing device according to the 3 or 4 can be applied to a substrate;
• 6 another example of a strand of material, which with a manufacturing device according to the 3 or 4 can be applied to a substrate;
• 7 a fifth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 8th a sixth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 9 a seventh embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 10 a strand of material which is applied in several layers one on top of the other;
• 11 another strand of material, which is applied in several layers on top of each other;
• 12 a sectional view AA of the material strand and the forming elements according to FIG 11 ;
• 13 a sectional view AA of a strand of material;
• 14 an eighth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 15 a ninth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 16 a tenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 17 an eleventh embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 18 a twelfth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 19 a thirteenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 20 a fourteenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 21 a fifteenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 22 a sixteenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 23 a seventeenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 24 an eighteenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 25 a nineteenth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 26 a schematic representation of a rotation of the application device;
• 27 a twentieth embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 28 an embodiment of a particle supply device with a conveyor roller;
• 29 an embodiment of a combination of two particle feeders;
• 30 an embodiment of a further combination of two particle feed devices with a mixer device;
• 31 a twenty-first embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus according to the invention;
• 32 an embodiment of a nozzle device;
• 33 an embodiment of several application devices with associated nozzle devices; and
• 34 an embodiment of an application device with several nozzle devices.

The accompanying drawings are provided to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention. They illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain principles and concepts of the invention. Other embodiments and many of the foregoing advantages will become apparent by reference to the drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily shown to scale with respect to one another.

In the figures of the drawing, elements, features and components that are the same in function and have the same effect are provided with the same reference symbols unless otherwise stated.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In 1a a first embodiment of a production device 100 for the layered production of a component from at least one material web or at least one material strand 2 according to the invention is shown. The term material strand 2 is used below, although the term can be replaced by material web. The strand of material 2 is applied in layers to a base, for example a construction platform, according to the three-dimensional shape or geometry of the component to be produced. The layers of the strand of material 2 are denoted by the reference numeral 7 in the following figures. The component can be formed with cavities, for example, without any problems. In contrast to the so-called three-dimensional printing (3DP) described above with reference to the prior art, no unconnected particle material has to be removed afterwards. This applies to all embodiments of the invention.

The production device 100 has an application device 5 with a nozzle device 1 for applying a material strand 2 in layers according to the shape of the three-dimensional component to be produced. The strand of material 2 consists here, for example, of a homogeneous material, such as a thermoplastic, a heterogeneous material, such as a filled thermoplastic, or of a material with particles, in particular solid particles, e.g. wood chips, which adhere to one another by means of a binder material. The filled thermoplastic is filled with fibers, in particular short fibers or long fibers, glass beads, balls made of expanded polystyrene and/or hollow bodies, etc., for example. The enumeration is purely exemplary and the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned. In particular, the thermoplastic can be filled with other materials or material combinations, depending on the function and intended use. Balls made of expanded polystyrene and hollow bodies have the advantage that they lead to a reduction in weight. A fiber-filled thermoplastic, in turn, has the advantage of greater strength.

Examples of a material made of particles, which adhere to one another by means of a binder material, for the production of a component from at least one material strand 2 are described further below following the embodiments for the production device 100 according to the invention according to FIG 1a , 1b , 2-26 .

The material is applied through the nozzle device 1 of the application device 5 onto a substrate or a base 101, e.g 1a shown construction platform 6 applied. Between the base 101 and the nozzle device 1 is in 1a an additional processing device 4 interposed. This processing device 4 is coupled to the nozzle device and is used to shape the material strand 2 and/or to introduce at least one additional material into the material strand 2, for example before it is applied to the base 101, for example the construction platform 6.

When forming the strand of material 2 by the processing device 4, the surface of the strand of material 2 can be changed, for example, by creating a smooth surface, creating a certain or defined surface geometry or geometries, e.g Forming depressions and/or elevations in the strand of material 2, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the strand of material 2 can also be shaped by the nozzle device 1, as will be explained in more detail using the following exemplary embodiments.

Optionally, additional materials such as fibers, a gas such as air, a fluid such as water, a pasty material, particles, etc. can also be introduced into the strand of material 2 .

The shaping of the strand of material 2 and/or the introduction of at least one additional material into the strand of material 2 can already take place in the nozzle device 1, following the nozzle device 1, even before the application of the strand of material 2 to a substrate 101, during the application of the strand of material 2 the base 101 and/or after the application of the strand of material 2 to the base 101. The shaping of the strand of material 2 and/or the introduction of at least one additional material into the strand of material 2 takes place after the strand of material 2 has been applied to the base 101, for example as long as the strand of material 2 is still malleable, has not hardened and/or material is in at least one area of the strand of material 2 can be introduced.

Processing of the strand of material 2 can, however, also be carried out after the strand of material 2 has hardened. For example, the strand of material 2 can be processed by milling, turning, grinding and/or drilling, etc. Depending on the material used for the material strand 2, the material strand 2 can also be softened, e.g. by heating, and then shaped.

in the in 1a In the exemplary embodiment shown, the strand of material 2 emerging from the nozzle device 1 is guided through the processing device 4 arranged between the nozzle device 1 and the base 101 before it is applied to the construction platform 6 shown, and is shaped there by means of two shaping elements 3 of the processing device 4. The respective shaping element 3 is a roller or a carriage, for example, and is arranged on one side of the strand of material 2 . In the embodiment in FIG 1a the two shaping elements 3 are arranged on opposite sides of the material strand. By means of the roller or the carriage as a shaping element 3, the surface of the strand of material 2 in the embodiment in 1a e.g. smoothed. The roller as the shaping element 3 can be stationary or rotating about its longitudinal axis 102 . The longitudinal axis 102 is in 1a arranged perpendicular to the base 101. The rotation of the roller as a shaping element 3 can take place actively via at least one actuator (not shown), eg an electric motor, a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator, etc., or passively rotatably mounted and rotated by the friction on the strand of material. In one embodiment, the shaping element can be pivoted laterally outwards or upwards away.

The carriage or the roller as the shaping element 3 can likewise be provided in a stationary manner or can be provided so as to be movable in at least the X, Y or Z axis.

The strand of material 2 can be formed on one side by means of a forming element 3, or on two sides by means of the two in 1a shown forming elements 3, or three-sided by the processing device 4, as with reference to the following 2 is explained.

in the in 1a In the exemplary embodiment shown, the two shaping elements 3 are arranged on the right and left side of the strand of material 2 . The application device 5 with its nozzle device 1 is provided so as to be movable relative to the construction platform 6 at least in the Z-direction in order to apply the strand of material onto the construction platform 6 in the Z-direction. For this purpose, the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 and/or the construction platform 6 are designed to be movable at least in the Z direction in order to enable the material strand to be applied to the construction platform 6 in the Z direction. If necessary, the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 and/or the construction platform 6 can be designed to be movable in the Z direction, Y direction and/or X direction. This applies to all embodiments of the invention.

1b shows a variant of the first embodiment of the production device 100 with its processing device 4. In this case, 2 shaping elements 3 are arranged on opposite sides of the material strand. The shaping elements 3 are here, for example, on the nozzle device 1 of the application device 5 in the exemplary embodiment in 1b arranged and optionally also pivotable upwards, as indicated by an arrow in 1b is indicated. The shaping elements 3 are each designed as nozzles 11 for shaping the strand of material 2 emitted by the nozzle device 1. The respective nozzle 11 generates a fluid jet, for example a water jet or air jet, etc., in order to shape the strand of material 2 by means of the fluid jet. In this way, as in the exemplary embodiment in 1b is shown, two nozzles 11 are arranged one above the other, with each of the nozzles producing a wide jet, for example, in order to smooth the surface of the strand of material 2, for example. Likewise, the respective Nozzle 11 also generate a bundled fluid jet, not shown, in order to form a depression or depressions in the strand of material 2, for example. The arrangement of the nozzles 11 in 1b is purely exemplary. Likewise, the nozzles 11 can also be provided in such a way that they smooth the material strand 2 applied to a base 101, e.g Pressure of the fluid jet of the nozzle 11 impinges on the surface of the strand of material 2.

In 2 a second embodiment of the manufacturing device 100 for manufacturing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The second embodiment of the manufacturing device 100 according to FIG 2 differs from the first in 1 illustrated embodiment in that the processing device 4 next to the two forming elements 3 arranged on opposite sides as in 1 , has a further shaping element 3 which is arranged on the upper side of the strand of material 2 .

The shaping of the strand of material 2 by the processing device 4 takes place after the strand of material 2 has been applied and in particular before it has hardened or solidified. In addition to the first shaping element 3 , a second shaping element 3 is provided on one side of the strand of material 2 . Optionally, at least one additional third shaping element (not shown), for example a roller for smoothing the material strand 2 , can be provided on the other side of the material strand 2 and opposite or offset to the second shaping element 3 . In this case, for example, the strand of material 2 is shaped on three sides.

In order to shape the strand of material 2 after the strand of material 2 has been applied to a base 101, the shaping elements 3 are provided behind the application device 5 with their nozzle device 1 in the direction of application or Z-direction, in contrast to the following 8th .

In addition to, for example, smoothing the upper side and one or both sides of the material strand 2 by the two or three shaping elements 3 , the processing device 4 can also perform an additional compacting of the material strand 2 . The strand of material 2 can be additionally compacted or compressed by at least one of the shaping elements 3 , for example the shaping element 3 on the upper side of the strand of material 2 .

The strand of material 2 can be applied and compacted by the application device 5 with its nozzle device 1 relative to the construction platform 6 in the Z-direction in several layers one on top of the other. To apply the strand of material 2 in several layers, the application device 5 with its nozzle device 1 and/or the construction platform 6 is not only available as previously in 1 in the Z-direction but additionally also at least in the Y-direction displaceable or movable.

In 3 a third embodiment of the manufacturing device 100 for manufacturing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The third embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 3 differs from the first in 1 illustrated embodiment in that the processing device 4 is not in the Y direction, as in 1 , but during the application of the strand of material 2 to the base 101 is designed to be tiltable or tiltable in addition to the Y-axis. As a result, the strand of material 2 in the embodiment in 3 applied to the substrate 100 both in the Y-direction or perpendicularly to the substrate 100 and inclined to the Y-axis. The application device 5 with its nozzle device 1, on the other hand, is still in the Y-direction or perpendicular to the base 101 in the exemplary embodiment in FIG 3 arranged. The application direction of the strand of material 2 onto the base 100 runs in the Z-direction. However, the strand of material 2 can be applied and processed not only in layers one above the other but also in one or more layers or plies next to each other. For this purpose, the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 and/or the construction platform 6 can also be designed to be movable in the X-direction. This applies to all embodiments of the invention.

Furthermore, in 4 a fourth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The fourth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 4 differs from the third in 3 illustrated embodiment in that not only the processing device 4 with its shaping elements 3, but also the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 relative to the Y-axis and thus the base 101, here the construction platform in 4 , are designed to be tiltable or tiltable. The processing device 4 and its shaping elements 3 and the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 lie, for example, in an axis with an angle of inclination α to the Y-axis. It is also possible that the application device 5, the nozzle device 1 and/or the shaping elements 3 each have a different angle of inclination to the Y-axis instead of the same (not shown). The application direction in 4 is also as in 3 in Z direction.

In 5 is an example of a strand of material 2 shown, which with a manufacturing device according to the 3 or 4 on a base 101, here a construction platform 6, can be applied. By inclining or tilting at least the processing device with its shaping elements, as in 3 , or alternatively the application device and its nozzle device together with the processing device and its shaping elements, as in 4 , to the Y-axis, during the application of the material strand 2 in several layers to the construction platform 6, the material strand 2 can be provided with different slopes or angulations. In 5 the shaping elements are always arranged parallel to one another, for example.

Next is in 6 another example of a strand of material 2 shown, which with a manufacturing device according to 3 or 4 on a base 101, here a construction platform 6 can be applied.

while in the 3 and 4 the forming elements are parallel to each other and inclined to the Y-axis, the forming elements for producing the strand of material in 6 however, inclined in different directions. During the application of a first layer of the strand of material 2 to the construction platform 6 in the Z-direction, the shaping elements in the exemplary embodiment in 6 initially arranged parallel and in the Y-direction or perpendicular to the base 101 . The processing device and its shaping elements are then moved upwards in the Y direction in the Y direction for applying the next layer of the material strand 2 and the shaping elements are each inclined outwards. The shaping elements form a funnel-shaped cross section. As a result, the second layer of the strand of material 2 can be formed with a cross section that increases upwards. The processing device and its shaping elements are then moved upwards again in the Y direction in the Y direction for applying the next layer of the material strand 2 and this time the shaping elements are each inclined inwards. As a result, the third layer of the strand of material 2 can be formed with a cross section that tapers upwards.

In 7 a fifth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The fifth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 7 differs from the second in 2 illustrated embodiment in that the processing device 4 additionally has a lateral encapsulation device 9 . The encapsulation device 9 is designed to enclose a side section and a front section of the material strand 2 in such a way that material from the material strand 2 cannot escape unintentionally to the side and to the front or in the direction of application.

Material is displaced by the shaping of the strand of material 2 after application. So that a certain pressure can be built up during shaping, it may be necessary to prevent the strand of material 2 from flowing away. This is achieved by the encapsulation device 9, which prevents the material strand 2 from being left out at the side or from the front or in the direction of application. The encapsulation device 9 can be connected to and integrated with at least one shaping element 3, the nozzle device 1 and/or the application device 5.

In the embodiment in FIG 7 a plate is provided as part of the encapsulation device 9 on each side of the material strand 2 and is coupled, for example, to the shaping element 3 arranged to the side of the material strand 2 and/or the nozzle device 1 in order to prevent the material strand 2 from escaping to the side. In this way, the strand of material 2 can be laterally encapsulated by the encapsulation device 9 . Additionally or alternatively, as in the embodiment in 7 the nozzle device 1 can be designed as part of the encapsulation device 9 in order to prevent the material strand from escaping unintentionally to the front or in the direction of application. The nozzle device 1 is correspondingly lengthened at the front in order to form a boundary for the material strand 2 so that it cannot unintentionally flow over the front of the nozzle device 1 . The application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 as well as the shaping elements 3 and the encapsulation device 9 are also designed to be movable relative to the base 101, in this case the construction platform 6, at least in the Y direction in order to apply the strand of material 2 in several layers to the construction platform 6 one above the other be able.

Next is in 8th a sixth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The sixth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 8th differs from the fifth in 7 illustrated embodiment characterized in that the lateral shaping element 3 is arranged at the level of the application device 5 and the nozzle device 1. In this way, the strand of material 2 is shaped, for example smoothed and/or compressed, by the laterally arranged shaping element 3 during application. The strand of material 2 or its material fills the hollow space which is formed by the underlying layer of the strand of material 2 already applied and the two lateral shaping elements 3 .

The shaping element 3 arranged on the upper side of the strand of material 2 is arranged downstream or behind the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 and accordingly shapes and/or compresses the strand of material 2 after it has been applied. The application device 5 and its nozzle device 1, as well as the shaping elements 3 are also as in 7 designed to be movable relative to the base 101, here the construction platform 6, at least in the Y direction in addition to the Z direction, in order to apply the strand of material 2 in several layers, at least one above the other, to the construction platform 6.

In 9 a seventh embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The seventh embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 9 differs, for example, from the second in 2 illustrated embodiment in that no shaping element is provided on the upper side of the strand of material 2. Furthermore, in 9 This nozzle device 1 is designed in such a way that the strand of material 2 is not applied in the Z direction, but perpendicularly thereto or in the Y direction. The application of the material strand 2 in the Y-direction is also perpendicular to the direction of application of the material strand 2 through the nozzle device along the X-axis. In this way, high layers of the strand of material 2 can also be applied very easily. Furthermore, the outlet of the nozzle device 1 for the outlet of the material strand 2 in 9 optionally be provided with a limit or shield 8 on the top, which prevents unwanted escape of the material upwards.

Furthermore, the laterally arranged shaping element 3 also acts as a counter-holder 13 in order to prevent the material strand 2 from flowing away laterally and to form a lateral boundary for the material strand 2 . The shaping element 3 is arranged, for example, at the level of the nozzle device 1 .

Furthermore, in the embodiment in 9 the shaping element 3 is provided as a rotatable roller. The roller is arranged with its longitudinal axis 102 in the Y direction and can be actively rotated about it by means of an actuator (not shown), for example an electric motor, and/or passively rotated. For passive rotation of the roller, it is rotatably mounted and is rotated by frictional contact with the strand of material 2 . Optionally, the roller can be provided on its outside with additional structuring elements 103, e.g. in the form of projections, for structuring the strand of material 2.

By appropriately designing the structuring elements 103 of the shaping elements 3 or by attaching such structuring elements 103, e.g. in the form of projections, to the shaping element 3, depressions can be introduced into the material strand 2, for example, which is particularly advantageous in lightweight construction.

If the structuring elements 103 are firmly attached to the shaping element 3 and if, for example, depressions or pockets are to be introduced into the material strands 2, the respective shaping element 3 should preferably be provided in a rotating manner. Furthermore, the speed on the lateral surface of the shaping element 3 should correspond to the application speed at which the strand of material 2 is applied to a base 101 .

Examples of structuring of the strand of material 2 are in the following 10 until 16 shown.

In 10 a strand of material 2 is shown, which is applied in several layers 7 one on top of the other to a substrate (not shown), eg a construction platform. The strand of material 2 is shaped by means of a shaping element 3 . The shaping element 3 is in the embodiment in 10 designed as a roller rotating about its longitudinal axis, which is arranged, for example, on the upper side of the strand of material 2 and whose longitudinal axis runs, for example, in the X-direction. Furthermore, the roller is designed with additional structuring elements 103 on its outside. The structuring elements 103 are arranged, for example, as hemispherical projections on the circumference of the roller in order to introduce corresponding hemispherical depressions 10 into the strand of material 2 .

Such indentations are introduced into the material strand 2 in the exemplary embodiment in FIG 10 from above or in the exit direction or Y-direction of the nozzle device, not shown, with the depressions 10 being closed with the next layer of the material strand 2 that follows. The indentations 10 can be arranged offset to the indentations 10 in the underlying layer of the material strand 2, so that as little material as possible is pressed into the underlying indentations 10. Likewise, the depressions 10 of two layers of the material strand 2 can also be arranged in alignment with one another instead of offset, depending on the function and intended use.

In the 11 and 12 a further strand of material 2 is shown, which is applied in several layers one above the other to a base (not shown), eg a construction platform. The strand of material 2 is thereby shaped by means of a plurality of shaping elements 3 . A shaping element 3 is in the embodiment in 11 arranged on the upper side of the strand of material 2 and also designed as a roller rotating about its longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis running, for example, in the X-direction. Furthermore, a rotating roller is arranged as a shaping element 3 on one or both sides of the material strand 2, as in the sectional view AA in 12 is shown in order to provide the strand of material 2 not only on the top but also on the side with corresponding depressions as a structure. For better clarity, the side rollers are in 11 and the roller on top in 12 omitted.

In this way, the strand of material 2 can be provided with a honeycomb structure, for example a honeycomb structure, or a honeycomb-like structure, as in 11 is shown. Such a honeycomb structure is particularly advantageous in lightweight construction. The structuring elements 103, with which the roller on the upper side and the two rollers on the opposite sides of the material strand 2 are provided, have, for example, prismatic or pyramid-shaped projections.

To produce particularly light structures, it can be useful to carry out the structuring from above and at least one or both sides of the material strand 2, as previously described in 11 and 12 , is shown. Structuring the upper side of the strand of material 2 is helpful in order to achieve a high saving in material and thus a close arrangement of the honeycomb-shaped depressions. Here, the subsequent layer should be aligned as precisely as possible with the underlying layer of the strand of material 2 . In the 11 and 12 the lateral structuring of the strand of material 2 becomes symmetrical. The indentations are provided on the sides of the strand of material 2 opposite one another.

In the variant as shown in 13 is shown, the depressions 10 are arranged asymmetrically on the sides of the material strand 2 . The depressions 10 are arranged offset to one another on the opposite sides of the material strand 2 . With such an asymmetrical arrangement of the depressions 10, there is a greater saving in material.

Due to the rotating movement of the shaping elements 3 described above, no deep indentations, eg cylindrical or prismatic indentations, or pockets can be made in the strand of material 2 . Movable or displaceable shaping elements 3, which for example have structuring elements 103 that can be moved or displaceable from above or in the Y direction and/or from at least one side or in the X direction, provide a remedy here. The structuring elements 103 can be provided with additional drafts. Examples of shaping elements 3 and their structuring elements 103 for producing, for example, cylindrical or prismatic depressions are given below 14 until 16 shown.

In 14 an eighth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

For the production of a cylindrical or prismatic depression 10, for example, the shaping element 3, e.g. a carriage, is preferably provided with one or more structuring elements 103, which can be moved in and out of the material strand 2 after the material strand 2 has been applied, the path covered by the Shaping element 3 is as small as possible during material shaping in the direction of application or Y-direction or alternatively in the lateral direction or X-direction. The shaping element 3 in the form of a carriage moves along the upper side of the material strand 2 once up and down in the Y direction and further in the application direction or Z direction of the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 .

The eighth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 14 differs, for example, from the second in 2 illustrated embodiment in that the carriage is provided with two structuring elements 103 as shaping elements 3 on the upper side of the material strand 2, which can be moved in and out of the material strand 2 in the Y-direction in order to structure the material strand 2. become depressions 10 are introduced into the upper side of the material strand 2 by moving the structuring elements 103 in and out into the material strand 2 . The carriage as the shaping element 3 moves with the nozzle device 1 while the structuring elements 103 are moved in and out of the material strand 2 in order to provide the latter with the depressions 10 . By moving the structuring elements 103 in and out of the strand of material 2, for example, cylindrical indentations or indentations with any other constant cross-section can also be formed in the strand of material 2 without any problems.

Furthermore, in 14 the nozzle device 1 has a counter-holder 13 on its front side, which prevents the strand of material 2 from being able to unintentionally flow out of the nozzle device 1 forwards or in the application direction (Z-direction).

In this way, a layer of a strand of material 2 can be provided with depressions 10, for example cylindrical and/or prismatic depressions, with depressions 10 of the layer being able to be sealed with the next layer of the strand of material 2. The depressions 10 of the layers can, as in 14 shown, for example, be offset from one another.

Instead of being on the upper side, the carriage can also be provided as a shaping element 3 on the front side of the material strand 2, similar to what follows 15 , The two shaping elements 3 being able to be moved in and out of the front side of the material strand 2 in order to structure it. At least one carriage can also be provided additionally or alternatively as a shaping element 3 with at least one structuring element on at least one side of the material strand 2 and its structuring element 103 can move in and out of the material strand 2 from the side in order to structure it.

In 15 a ninth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The ninth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 15 differs, for example, from the eighth in 14 illustrated embodiment characterized in that two structuring elements 103 are provided on a front panel 104 as a shaping element 3, which is in the direction of application or Z-direction in front of the applied strand of material 2. The front plate 104 can be provided on or in front of the nozzle device 1, for example. Furthermore, the structuring elements 103 on the front panel 104 can be moved in and out of the outside or front side of the material strand 2, as shown in FIG 14 is shown. In this case, the front plate 104 can optionally also serve as a counter-holder 13, which prevents the material strand 2 from flowing out past the nozzle device 1 in the application direction or Z-direction.

For example, the structuring elements 103 move at a speed in relation to the shaping element 3, here the front panel 104, which corresponds to the speed of the application device 5 and is opposite to it, for example. In relation to the applied strand of material 2, the structuring elements 103 thus remain. Only when an intermediate wall is to be created are the structuring elements 103 retracted and remain in the front panel 104 until the desired thickness of the intermediate wall has been created. The structuring elements 103 then move out of the front plate 104 into the strand of material 2 again with the movement described above. If the structuring elements 103 remain firmly extended, cavities can be produced in the respective layer of the strand of material 2 .

In this way, several layers of the material strand 2 with closed chambers can be formed one on top of the other, as in 15 is shown, which is particularly advantageous in lightweight construction. Likewise, the strand of material can be arranged not only in layers one above the other, but additionally or alternatively also in layers or plies next to one another in order to form a flat component.

In 16 a tenth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown. The strand of material 2 in 16 is shown from above.

The tenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 16 differs, for example, from the ninth in 15 illustrated embodiment characterized in that a shaping element 3 is provided on at least one side of the material strand 2, wherein the shaping element 3 consists of two mutually offset rotating parts, here discs 14, consists. In this case, structuring elements 103 are provided, which are coupled to the two discs 14 via two axes 16 and a fixed element 15, for example, in such a way that they can be moved into and out of the material strand 2.

At the in 16 The embodiment shown moves and in particular rotates the shaping element 3 while its structuring elements 103 maintain their orientation. this will be in 16 achieved in that the structuring ELEMENTS 103, as described above, are attached to the various discs 14 via, for example, two axles 16, the two discs 14 being arranged in an offset manner with respect to one another. The two discs 14 are, for example, rotatably mounted at a fixed distance from one another. For example, both disks 14 are moved synchronously via an actuator (not shown), e.g. a motor, so that the movement of the shaping element 3 with the application device 5 means that the structuring elements 103 do not move in the application direction in relation to the material strand 2 at least in one position. As a result of this suspension of the shaping elements 3, they are pressed into the material strand 2 and also pulled out of it again without the structuring elements 3 changing their direction. This allows indentations of any constant cross-section to be obtained, e.g. cylindrical indentations, etc.

In a further variant, elongate shaping elements (not shown) can also be used instead of disks 14 .

In yet another variant, a conveyor belt (not shown) can be used, from which the structuring elements can move in and out of the material strand.

In 17 an eleventh embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The eleventh embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 17 differs, for example, from the seventh in 9 illustrated embodiment in that instead of in 9 laterally arranged shaping element a separate laterally arranged counter-holder 13 is provided in order to prevent the material strand 2 from flowing away laterally and to form a lateral boundary for the material strand 2 . Additional shaping elements, for example for smoothing or structuring the strand of material 2, are in 17 not shown for reasons of clarity. The nozzle device 1 of the application device 5 is in 17 designed in such a way that it applies the strand of material 2 to a base 101 laterally or in the X-direction. The counter-holder 13 on the opposite side of the nozzle device 1 prevents, as previously described, the material strand 2 from flowing away laterally or in the X-direction.

Furthermore, in 18 a twelfth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The twelfth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 18 differs, for example, from the seventh in 9 illustrated embodiment in that the material strand 2 is applied from two sides in the X-direction instead of just from one side as in FIG 9 . Shaping elements for additional shaping of the strand of material 2 are in 18 also not shown for reasons of clarity. The application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 apply the material strand laterally or in the X-direction and can also be moved at least in the Y-direction or perpendicular to the base 101 . In this way, the strand of material 2 can be applied in height very easily and particularly high layers can be achieved, as in 18 is shown. In addition, the application device 5 and its nozzle device 1 can also be designed to be movable in the Z-direction and/or the X-direction.

In 19 a thirteenth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The thirteenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 19 differs, for example, from the seventh in 9 illustrated embodiment characterized in that the nozzle device 1 of the application device 5 is arranged in front of the material strand 2 and the material of the material strand 2 can be output against the direction of application or Z-direction. Here, no forming element is used as a counter-holder as in 9 necessary. At least the nozzle device 1 is additionally movable at least in the Y-direction or perpendicular to the base 101, eg construction platform 6, so that the strand of material 2 can be arranged in several layers one above the other. Furthermore, the nozzle device 1 can at least additionally or alternatively be designed to be movable in the X-direction for the application of several layers next to one another.

In addition, tilting or tilting of the nozzle device 1 in the embodiments in 17 , 18 and 19 eg be provided to the Y-axis or perpendicular, as previously exemplified with reference to FIG 3 until 6 was described.

If the layers of the material strand 2 intersect when the layers are created, the nozzle device 1 and/or the counter-holder (not shown) can be removed on the front side of the nozzle device 1 by the counter-holder moving upwards, for example, as indicated by the double arrows in FIGS 17 until 19 is indicated.

In 20 a fourteenth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The fourteenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 20 differs, for example, from the second in 2 illustrated embodiment in that a shaping element 3 is provided in the form of a core 18 in the nozzle device 1 to produce a cavity 105 in the material strand 2. The material strand 2 and the core 18 arranged therein are in 20 shown in a sectional representation for better understanding. The layers of the material strand 2 located behind or in front of it, which are not shown, support the material of the material strand 2 above the cavity 105 .

Next is in 21 a fifteenth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The fifteenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 21 differs, for example, from the fourteenth in 20 illustrated embodiment in that the core 18 as a shaping element 3 of the nozzle device 1 is moved in and out of the strand of material 2 in a pulsating manner or alternately in order to produce successive cavities 105 in the strand of material 2, which are separated from one another by intermediate walls.

In an alternative, an additional filling material can be introduced into the respective cavity 105 via a lance (not shown) or a tube in the core 18 . The filling material can be e.g. solid, liquid, gaseous, pasty or powdery etc. For example, air can be filled into the cavity 105 or the hollow chamber as a gas, or sand, etc., as a powdered material, depending on the function and intended use. Fibers, for example, can be introduced into the cavities 105 as a solid material, etc., depending on the function and intended use.

In 22 shows a sixteenth embodiment of the manufacturing device 100 for manufacturing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention.

The sixteenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 22 differs, for example, from the in 19 illustrated thirteenth embodiment in that two cores 18 are arranged as shaping elements 3 in the nozzle device 1 and can be moved in and out of the material strand 2 alternately or in a pulsating manner in the application direction or Z-direction in order to provide it with cavities 105 which are separated from one another by partition walls 106 are separated. Additional filling material can be introduced into the respective cavity 105 via a lance or tube (not shown). As described above, the filling material can be solid, liquid, gaseous, pasty or powdery, etc. The nozzle device 1 can additionally, as in 22 is shown to be movable with the shaping elements 3 in the Y-direction or perpendicularly to the base 101 for applying higher layers of the material strand 2 at least one above the other. The nozzle device 1 in 22 furthermore optionally has an additional counter-holder 13 which prevents the material strand 2 from flowing away forwards or in the Z-direction. The counter-holder 13 can optionally also be provided so that it can be moved up and down in the Y direction, as indicated by a double arrow in FIG 22 is indicated.

In 23 shows a seventeenth embodiment of the manufacturing device 100 for manufacturing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention.

The seventeenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 23 differs, for example, from the in 20 illustrated fourteenth embodiment in that the nozzle device 1 has, for example, two cores 18 with feed devices 19, e.g. Solid material such as fibers, e.g. continuous fibers, short fibers and/or long fibers, rovings, etc., liquid, gaseous, pasty and/or powdered material is fed into the respective cavity 105 through the feed device 19 of the core 18 as additional filling material 20. As a result, for example, the strength of the strand of material 2 can be increased and the weight reduced, since the strand of material 2 cannot be formed as a solid part but as a strand of material 2 with at least one cavity 105 at least partially filled with a filling material.

in the in 23 In the exemplary embodiment shown, endless fibers are introduced as filling material 20 from a storage device 21 connected to the respective feed device 19 into the cavity 105 of the material strand 2 in order to fill it at least partially or completely, depending on the function and intended use.

The nozzle device 1 is with their cores 18, the feed devices 19, and if necessary, the storage devices 21 are also designed to be displaceable at least in the Y direction or perpendicular to the base 101, in particular construction platform 6, so that the at least partially filled strand of material 2 can be arranged in several layers one above the other.

In 24 an eighteenth embodiment of the manufacturing device 100 for manufacturing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The eighteenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 24 differs, for example, from the in 23 illustrated seventeenth embodiment in that the feed devices 19 are provided in the wall of the nozzle device 1. The additional filling material 20 is fed to the dispensing device 5 and its nozzle device 1 via storage devices 21 and incorporated into the strand of material 2 . The filling material 20 such as fibers etc. is pressed into the strand of material 2 and taken along by it.

Next is in 25 a nineteenth embodiment of the production device 100 for producing a component from at least one strand of material 2 according to the invention is shown.

The nineteenth embodiment of the manufacturing apparatus 100 according to FIG 25 differs, for example, from the in 24 illustrated eighteenth embodiment in that the feed devices 19 are arranged in an additional element 22 connected to the nozzle device 1 . The additional element 22 has an opening for receiving and guiding through the strand of material 2 of the nozzle device 1 . Furthermore, laterally in the additional element 22, as before with the nozzle device in 24 , the two feed devices 19 for feeding, for example, endless fibers as filling material 20 are provided. The feed devices 19 are connected to corresponding storage devices 21 in which the endless fibers are stored and fed to the feed devices 19 . The fibers are incorporated into the strand of material 2 by the feed devices 19 . The filling material 20 or the fibers are pressed into the strand of material 2 and taken along by it.

The entire application device 5 and/or the nozzle device 1 can be designed to be rotatable, so that the orientation of the anisotropic properties of the material strand 2, such as the width of the material strand 2, the material of the material strand 2, can also be retained in relation to the direction of application when the order direction changes, as in 26 is shown. In 26 the strand of material 2 does not run in a straight line but describes a curve, for example.

The application device 5 with its nozzle device can be rotated endlessly or by a certain angle, of 90°, for example, as in 26 shown to be rotatable. In principle, the application device 5 can be rotated through an angle, for example in a range from greater than 0° up to 360° or up to 720° and greater. Furthermore, the application device 5 with its nozzle device can be rotated back into a preferably predetermined angular position, for example after the application of a complete layer of the material strand 2 or also during the application of a layer of the material strand 2 .

The amount of material to be applied for the respective layer of the material strand 2 is adapted to the respective cross section of the layer of the material strand 2 and can be checked by sensors if necessary. If broader or narrower layers of the material strand 2 are to be realized, this can alternatively also be done by advancing in the application or feed direction or Z-direction and/or in the height or Y-direction and thus correspondingly thinner or thicker layers of the material strand 2 are generated.

In all embodiments of the invention, at least the nozzle device 1, the application device 5, a core 18, a feed device 19, a storage device 21, a structuring element 103, a counter-holder 13, an additional element 22 and/or a shaping element 3 as well as all other system components can be temperature-controlled and be heated and/or cooled, depending on the function and intended use. In particular, at least the application device 5, the core 18, the feed device 19, the storage device 21, the structuring element 103, the counter-holder 13, the additional element 22 and/or the shaping element 3 can be heated and/or cooled independently of one another, depending on the function and intended use . For example, the nozzle device 1 can be heated and at least one structuring element 103 and/or shaping element 3 can be cooled. The temperature control or the heating and/or cooling can vary depending on the time, so that, for example, heating is carried out first and then cooling, or vice versa.

The production of a component can be improved and accelerated by tempering at least parts of the production device 100 . Furthermore, the properties of the strand of material 2 can at least be influenced in a targeted manner by a part of the production device 100 .

Using the production device 100 according to the invention and the production method according to the invention, it is possible to shape the strand of material 2 and/or to introduce at least one additional material or filler material 20 into the strand of material 2 and thereby to change the properties of the applied strand of material 2 and, for example, to adapt them specifically to specific needs.

Several different goals can be aimed at, such as the generation of very high layers of material strands for the rapid production of large components. In this case, for example, at least one shaping element 3 can be used that, for example, produces an outer surface that is as smooth as possible and as step-free as possible, and otherwise visible steps are no longer recognizable. Furthermore, the production of structures that are as light as possible can be achieved by introducing cavities 105 and/or depressions 10 into the strand of material 2 . In addition, the strand of material 2 can be additionally reinforced, for example, by introducing at least one additional material or filling material 20, such as fibers etc.

In the embodiments of the invention, the structuring elements 103 and/or shaping elements 3 can be additionally conditioned, as previously described, by heating and/or cooling them. As a result, better "mold filling", faster curing and less adhesion to the forming elements, etc. can be achieved.

So that the material of the material strand 2 does not unintentionally adhere to the shaping elements 3 and/or the structuring elements 103, the shaping elements 3 and/or the structuring elements 103 can be provided with a non-stick coating, for example Teflon® etc.

Additionally or alternatively, mold release agents, powder and/or liquids can also be applied to the shaping elements 3 and/or the structuring elements 103 .

Likewise, in further alternatives of the invention, an air flow or a gas flow can be used for more rapid cooling and/or shaping of at least a part of the production device 100 and/or at least a part of the material strand 2. For the shaping, an air jet or liquid jet can be used, for example, by means of a nozzle as the shaping element of the nozzle can be used in a targeted manner, for example in order to introduce or form indentations, in particular selective indentations, etc., in the strand of material 2 .

The detachment of the material from e.g. the shaping element, the structuring and/or the shaping of the material strand 2 can be supported by vibration, for example of the shaping element 3, the structuring element 103 and/or the core 18 etc.

The shaping element and in particular the structuring element 103 can optionally additionally be provided with a microstructuring or nanostructuring to achieve a so-called lotus effect or a non-stick coating, e.g. a Teflon® coating.

For the production of structures in which an alignment to the underlying layer is required, the alignment can take place by means of a sensor device, not shown, which has at least one distance sensor etc., for example. The distance sensor can measure the distance in a tactile and/or non-contact manner. Additionally or alternatively, the alignment can be controlled via a corresponding program sequence, which controls the layered structure and also, for example, the shaping elements 3 and/or structuring elements 103 . The shaping elements 3 can be in contact with the previous layer, so that a clean, flat, step-free surface is produced, as for example previously in 1 is shown.

• - Detektieren der Position der bereits eingebrachten Struktur,
• - Detektieren der Bereite und der Position der darunterliegenden Schicht zum z.B. stufenlosen Aufbringen der neuen Schicht,
• - Detektieren der Höhe und/oder des Füllgrads der darunterliegenden Bahn oder Schicht zur Überwachung und ggf. Nachregelung und/oder Nachsteuern der Bauhöhe. Dabei kann beispielsweise die Höhe durch eine Regelung und/oder Steuerung der zufließenden Materialmenge geregelt und/oder gesteuert werden. Bei dem Füllgrad kann bestimmt werden, ob die darunterliegende Schicht vollgefüllt ist. Das bedeutet es wird bestimmt ob an den Stellen an denen Material gewünscht ist auch Material vorhanden ist.
• - Detektieren der darunterliegenden Schicht und/oder detektieren der Schicht die gerade aufgebracht wird.

Among other things, it may be necessary to detect at least one of the following things:

• - detecting the position of the structure already introduced,
• - Detecting the width and the position of the underlying layer, for example for continuously applying the new layer,
• - Detecting the height and/or the degree of filling of the web or layer below for monitoring and, if necessary, readjustment and/or readjustment of the overall height. In this case, for example, the height can be regulated and/or controlled by regulating and/or controlling the amount of material flowing in. The degree of filling can be used to determine whether the underlying layer is full. This means that it is determined whether material is available at the points where material is required.
• - Detecting the underlying layer and/or detecting the layer that is being applied.

As described above, the sensor device can have at least one distance sensor, for example, as well as at least one camera for image recognition, at least one tactile sensor and/or at least one non-contact sensor, etc.

The strand of material 2, which means the previously based on the 1-26 described production devices 100 is used to produce a component, a material strand 2 can be made of a homogeneous material, such as a thermoplastic, a heterogeneous material, such as a filled thermoplastic, or of a material with particles, in particular solid particles, which are bonded to one another by means of a binder material stick, exist.

The binder materials used are, for example, thermoplastics, adhesives, in particular hot-melt adhesives and reactive adhesives, including 1K and 2K adhesives, UV-curing adhesives, anaerobically curing adhesives, anionically curing adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, dispersion adhesives, resins and/or resin systems. A resin system consists of at least two components, for example a resin and a hardener. The enumeration is merely exemplary and not exhaustive.

The same or different types of particles can be processed simultaneously or at different times. The particles can differ in terms of their material, their size and/or the particle shape. With regard to different particle shapes, long or short fibers can be provided for fibers, for example, or wood chips, pellets or wood flour can be provided for wood, etc.

For example, wood, e.g. The list is merely exemplary and not exhaustive. Materials such as wood, paper and cardboard also have the advantage that they are renewable raw materials.

In 27 a twentieth embodiment of a manufacturing device 100 is shown, which is comparable to that previously described in 1 shown first embodiment of a manufacturing device 100, wherein the twentieth embodiment has no additional processing device with, for example, at least one shaping element. Such additional processing devices with, for example, at least one shaping element, as exemplified above, for example, in the 1-4 , 7-12 , 14-16 and 22-25 are shown, however, in the production apparatus 100 in 27 be provided, depending on the function and intended use.

The manufacturing device 100 in the embodiment in FIG 27 also points like the previously with regard to the 1-26 described embodiments, an application device 5 with a nozzle device 1. An example of an applicator 5 as in the 1-26 can be used is in 27 shown in greater detail.

The application device 5 has, as in the embodiment in 27 is shown, at least one particle supply device 107 for supplying particles 108. The particles 108 trickle down through a gap 12, e.g the binder material 110, for example a thermoplastic or adhesive, etc.. The binder material device 109 in the exemplary embodiment in FIG 27 applies the binder material 110 to the particles 108 directly before the material strand 2 is applied in layers or in layers. The binder material 110 is applied to the particles 108 in liquid form, for example by spraying the particles 108 with the binder material 110 in the binder material device 109. The binder material 110 applied to the particles 108 then hardens after the material strand 2 has been applied.

A compacting and conveying device 111 is provided downstream of the particle feed device 107 and binder material device 109 , in which the particles 108 provided with the binder material 110 are compacted and fed to the nozzle device 1 . The nozzle device 1 applies the compacted particles 108 provided with the binder material 110 as a strand of material 2 to a base 101, for example a construction platform 6, in one or preferably several layers. The compacting and conveying device 111 in the exemplary embodiment in 27 has, for example, a plurality of rotating rollers 112 for compacting the particles 108 provided with the binder material 110. A screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder etc. can also be provided for compacting the particles 108 provided with the binder material 110.

Between the base 101 and the nozzle device 1, as previously in the 1-26 , an additional in 27 processing device, not shown, can be interposed. This processing device is used for shaping of the strand of material 2 and/or for introducing at least one additional material into the strand of material 2, for example before it is applied to the base 101, for example the construction platform 6.

Instead of the binder material 110 as in the exemplary embodiment in 27 to apply to the particles 108, the binder material 110 can also be applied to the particles 108 in an upstream process, not shown, which can take place at a greater time interval from the layered or layered application of the material strand 2.

The binder material 110 then solidifies and is converted back into a liquid or pasty state shortly before or during the application in layers or in layers. This can be achieved by introducing energy, for example in the case of hot-melt adhesives, by infrared (IR) radiation, by laser radiation, by mechanical energy, such as ultrasound, etc. The enumeration is merely exemplary and not exhaustive.

In addition or as an alternative to the introduction of energy, the binder material 110 can also remain liquid or pasty and be activated during or after the application in layers or layers, for example by heat, UV radiation, etc. The enumeration is also merely exemplary and not exhaustive.

Furthermore, in addition to or as an alternative to the possibilities mentioned above, the solidification of the binder material 110 can also be delayed, for example by appropriate temperature control, such as deep cooling when using resin systems such as epoxy resins. Epoxy resins can, for example, cure at room temperature after being applied in layers or layers.

Instead of just one binder material device 109, as in the exemplary embodiment in 27 is shown, several binder material devices 109 can also be provided according to the invention. Instead of a rectangular, elongated cross-section of a particle beam or a particle curtain, a plurality of binder material devices 109 can be provided around the particle beam, for example in the case of a circular cross-section of a particle beam. Alternatively, the binder material device can also be designed in such a way that it can apply the binder material to the particle beam or the particle curtain from at least two sides. In the case of a particle curtain which is rather elongated, it is also possible to work with, for example, two binder material devices which are arranged, for example, on opposite sides of the particle curtain.

Additionally or alternatively, several binder material devices can be arranged one above the other and/or next to one another. By means of the binder material devices arranged next to one another, locally different ratios of particle mass to binder material mass can be set, for example. Likewise, the binder material devices 109 can each use the same or a different binder material 110 .

Furthermore, the material strand 2 can be applied cyclically from particles 108 provided with the binder material 110 . A defined quantity of particles can first be wetted with the binder material before it is fed to the application device 5 . The particles are, for example, received in a container (not shown) and binder material is added to it and everything is mixed until the binder material is evenly distributed on the particles. The binder material can be added to the particles all at once or gradually during the mixing process. Optionally, a first preparation unit, not shown, can incorporate the binder material into the particle mass, while parallel to this, another second preparation unit, not shown, feeds the particles already provided with binder material to the application device for applying the material strand from the particles provided with the binder material to a suitable substrate , e.g. a building platform.

The compacting and conveying of the particles 108 provided with the binder material 110 can optionally take place before the application in layers or in layers to a substrate 101, such as a construction platform 6, by elements of the compacting and conveying device 111, such as one or more rollers 112, Funnels, extruders and/or pressure-based systems, etc. The enumeration of the elements for compacting and/or conveying the particles 108 provided with the binder material 110 is only exemplary and not exhaustive. The speed at which the elements operate, for example the speed at which the respective roller 112 rotates about its axis, the extruder or the pressure-based system operates, etc., can be adjustable and, for example, constant or variable.

Furthermore, the particles 108 provided with the binder material 110 can also be compacted when they are applied in layers or in layers onto a substrate 101, for example likewise by rollers or a suitable scraper system. Additionally or alternatively, the particles provided with the binder material 110 108 can also be applied with a corresponding pressure, so that compaction occurs as a result of the pressure.

Likewise, the particles 108 provided with the binder material 110 can additionally or alternatively also be subsequently compacted after application to the substrate 101 or after the application of multiple layers to the substrate 101 . For this purpose, for example, at least one roller (not shown) can be arranged as a shaping element on the upper side of the material strand 2, which consists of the particles 108 provided with binder material 110. In this case, the roller can extend over part or the entire width of the component to be produced.

In addition or as an alternative, a press (not shown) can also be provided for compacting the strand of material 2 . Optionally, the press can additionally compact the material strand under the influence of temperature. A higher pressure and/or a higher temperature and optionally a longer exposure time can further increase the strength of the material strand and further reduce the proportion of binder material.

Particles 108, which are to be applied in layers as a strand of material, can be fed to the binder material device 109 in a corresponding manner, for example in the form of a particle curtain, by the previously described particle feed device 107, e.g. a particle feed container. For a particularly uniform particle distribution and the most problem-free transfer of the particles 108, the particle feed device 107, e.g. the particle feed container, can optionally also be made to oscillate or vibrate.

The particles 108 can be deposited directly in the particle feed device 107, e.g. the particle feed container. Likewise, the particles 108 can be deposited in a storage container, not shown, upstream of the particle feed device 107 . The storage container can either be attached directly to the application device 5 or it can be located at a fixed or stationary location in the entire system, from which the particle supply container, for example, is constantly refilled. For filling, the storage container moves, for example, to the particle supply container and/or vice versa.

The particles 108 can also be conveyed from the storage container to the application device 5 via a conveying system, such as a hose system, a pipe system and/or a conveyor belt etc.

Optionally, the particle feed can also be pressure-based. The particles 108 can be blown into the system and, if necessary, can move with their kinetic energy through the binding material device 109 and compacting and conveying device 111 to the base, e.g. a construction platform. The compacting and conveying device 111 can, for example, only be designed as a funnel.

The application of the binder material 110 to the particles 108 can take place continuously. For example, the binder material 110 can be sprayed onto the particles 108 . The particles 108 can trickle down in a particle curtain due to their gravity and the particle curtain can be sprayed with the binder material 110 from at least one side. The particles 108 initially flow through the gap 12, for example, solely due to their gravity, in order to then be sprayed with binder material 110 in the binder material device 109 as a particle curtain. The width of the gap 12 can be adjusted and/or opened and closed by a slide (not shown).

Instead of passively, purely by their own gravity, the particles 108 can also be actively conveyed into the particle curtain, for example by a conveying roller 113, as shown in 28 is shown.

In 28 the particles 108 are conveyed from, for example, a funnel-shaped particle container as a particle feed device 107 by means of a conveyor roller 113 in order to then produce a particle curtain. The particle curtain is sprayed with binder material from at least one side in order to displace the particles with the binder material.

The particles can optionally also be moved simultaneously during the spraying process with binder material, for example by means of mixing plates that are not shown.

Furthermore, the particles can also be wetted with binder material that is applied to rollers. The binder material can be applied, for example, by the rollers running through a trough with the binder material. For good wetting of the particles with binder material, the rollers can also be provided with a soft coating, in which case the coating can in particular also be made absorbent.

To process the particles 108, as in 29 is shown, several particle supply devices 107, eg several particle feeds tion container, are provided, wherein the particle supply devices 107 can each contain the same or different particles 108, as in 29 is indicated. The particles 108 can differ in material, size, shape and/or type, for example solid or hollow particles, etc., for example. In the embodiment in FIG 29 the two particle feed containers have different particles 108 . As a result, the particles 108 can be changed during the layered application and once the particles 108 of the first and once the particles 108 of the second particle supply container can be applied. Before application, the particles 108 of the particle supply containers are appropriately provided with binder material, as previously described. Via a corresponding in 29 greatly simplified supply mechanism 114, one particle supply container can be opened to supply its particles 108 and the other particle container can be opened to supply its particles 108.

The exchange of the particle supply container or the particles 108 contained therein can be carried out, for example, after a finished layer, so that the following layer can be created completely with the new particles previously provided with binder material. Likewise, the particle supply container or the particles contained therein can also be changed, e.g. for at least one or more sections within a shift.

Furthermore, several application devices with different particles can also be used, which are each wetted with the same or a different binder material before application.

For example, for the production of wood-based components, it may be desirable to build the interior of the component as light as possible, with large wood chips and with many cavities or with hollow particles, such as cardboard, while the exterior and thus the outside of the component, e.g top of the component should be as smooth as possible. Accordingly, larger wood chips can be used as particles for the interior of the component and smaller wood chips can be used as particles for the exterior.

The processing of mixed particles 108, which are mixed from two or more particle feed devices, e.g. multiple particle feed tanks, is in 30 shown. In this case, for example, large particles 108, optionally with an additional cavity, in particular for lightweight construction, can be mixed with smaller particles 108 and then provided with binder material to form a strand of material. By mixing particles 108, properties of the resulting strand of material, such as density, surface quality, etc., can be set or adjusted in a targeted manner.

The particles 108 can be mixed with one another before being filled into a particle supply container. Likewise, when using several particle supply containers as particle supply devices 107, the particles 108 of these containers can be mixed during processing in a mixer device 115, so that when a component is built up in layers, its material properties can be adjusted locally, as in 30 is indicated. There, the inflow and thus the mixing ratio of the particles 108 from the particle feed container is controlled via feed mechanisms 114, each of which has a slider, and are mixed in the mixer device 115 before the mixture of the particles 108 is then wetted with binder material and applied via at least one nozzle device to a Base is applied in layers as a strand of material.

In 31 processing of a strand of material 2 with locally different particles 108 is shown. In the 31 The twenty-first embodiment of the production device 100 according to the invention shown corresponds essentially to that in FIG 27 shown twentieth embodiment. It differs from this one in 27 embodiment shown in that several particle supply devices 107 and several binder material devices 109 are provided. A merging device 117 is also provided. The particle supply devices 107, e.g 31 various particles 108 on. These are wetted with binder material in assigned binder material devices 109 before they are fed to the combining device 117 in order to then be fed to the compacting and conveying device 111 . The ratio of particle mass to binder material mass can be set locally by the multiple binder material devices 109 . Furthermore, in each case the same binder material can be used in the binder material devices 109 or a different binder material.

When using a compacting and conveying device 111, which does not cause any mixing of the particles 108 afflicted with binder material, e.g 31 The roller system shown can change the properties of the strand of material 2 can be adjusted locally from the particles 108 wetted with the binder material or binder materials. For example, small particles wetted with binder material can be compacted and conveyed on the outside and larger particles wetted with binder material can be compacted and conveyed on the inside. As a result, a strand of material 2 can be applied through the nozzle device 1 connected to the compacting and conveying device 111 onto a non-illustrated substrate, which has a smooth or smoother surface on the outside and little binding material on the inside due to the larger particles, which may have a cavity. These larger and possibly hollow or porous particles in turn lead to a weight reduction of the component.

For example, for the production of wood-based components, it may be desirable to build the interior of the component as light as possible, with large wood chips and with many cavities or with hollow particles, such as cardboard, while the exterior and thus the outside of the component, e.g top of the component should be as smooth as possible. Accordingly, larger wood chips can be used as particles for the interior of the component and smaller wood chips can be used as particles for the exterior.

In 32 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a nozzle device 1 of the production device 100 according to the invention, as it can be used in the production devices described above. The nozzle device 1 is formed from at least two nozzle elements 116 which can be moved relative to one another and by means of which the nozzle cross section can be enlarged and/or reduced. At least one of the nozzle elements 16 is movable while the other nozzle element 116 can be either movable or fixed. The nozzle elements 116 can be used as nozzle slides, as in 32 shown, can be slidable together and apart. Likewise, the two nozzle elements 116 can be designed so that they can be moved in and out telescopically, in which case the nozzle cross section can be enlarged or reduced by moving the nozzle elements 116 in and out.

The diameter of the material strand 2 made of particles provided with binder material can be set and, for example, varied and/or shaped by the nozzle elements 116 . For example, the width or the cross section of the strand of material 2 can also be changed or varied instead of being kept constant.

As previously with reference to the 1-26 was described, the application of the material strand 2 can be conditioned accordingly by the application device 5 . At least one part or at least one component of the application device 5 can be temperature-controlled. For example, heating and/or cooling of the compacting and conveying device 111 and/or the nozzle device 1 can be provided so that the curing of the binder material, for example, does not already take place in these subsystems. Furthermore, as already described above, additional materials such as fibers, air, liquids, pastes, powder, other particles, etc. can be introduced into the strand of material 2 . By introducing at least one additional liquid, the adhesion of the strand of material 2, for example within the nozzle device, can be reduced or the liquid balance of the strand of material 2 can be balanced if particles 108, which quickly draw liquid from the binder material 110 of the strand of material, are used.

Furthermore, as before with reference to the 1-26 described, the particle supply device 107, the storage device 21, the mixer device 115, the compacting and conveying device 111, the nozzle device 1 and/or part of the listed systems are made to oscillate or vibrate. In the case of the compacting and conveying device 111, the compacting and/or conveying can be supported in this way, or the compacting and/or conveying can be completely implemented as a result. For example, an additional vibrating compression unit (not shown), which is provided later, for example, can effect further compression of the applied strand of material.

As in the 33 and 34 is shown, instead of as previously in the 1-32 , Instead of just one application device, several application devices 5 and, connected thereto, several nozzle devices 1 can also be used. These nozzle devices 1 can simultaneously apply several layers of material strands 2 to a base 101 .

in the in 33 shown embodiment, the application devices 5 and their nozzle devices 1 independently apply a respective strand of material 2, while in 34 the application devices 5 and their nozzle devices 1 are coupled to one another. The application devices 5 and their nozzle devices 1 therefore each apply a material strand 2 dependent on one another. The application device in the 33 and 34 runs in the Z-direction.

As before, for example, with reference to the 3-6 has been described, the orders can Direction and / or their nozzle device can also be provided inclined or tilted. This also applies accordingly to the previously in the 27 - 34 embodiments shown. In order to generate layers that are as high as possible, for example, the nozzle device can also be arranged laterally and, if necessary, at an angle or slightly at an angle and the material can be pushed against the application device, as previously described in 19 , or perpendicular to the direction of application, as previously in 17 , will apply. In this case, a counter-holder is provided on the opposite side and, if necessary, in front of the material strand or at any angle to the direction of application.

The application of the strand of material can also be done simultaneously from two sides, as previously in 18 is shown. If during the application of the material strands they intersect, for example with previously applied material strands, the nozzle device or also the counter-holder provided, for example, on the nozzle device can be removable in this case. This can be done, for example, by moving the nozzle device or the counter-holder upwards, as in FIGS 17 , 18 , 19 and 22 is indicated.

The entire application device or, for example, only the nozzle device can be designed to be rotatable, so that the alignment of the anisotropic properties of the material strand, such as the width of the strand, the particles, etc., in relation to the application device is retained, even if the application device is changed. as before in 26 is shown. The nozzle device can be designed to be endless or rotatable only within a certain angular range of, for example, up to a maximum of 720°. After the application of a complete layer or also during the application of a layer, the nozzle device can be turned back into a previously defined angular position.

To improve the adhesion between a layer of the material strand that is just being applied and a previously applied layer of the material strand, an additional activation device (not shown) can optionally be provided, for example on the application device, for activating the previously applied layer of the material strand. The activation device can preheat the strand of material, for example by means of infrared (IR) radiation, for example in the case of a hot-melt adhesive as the binding material. Furthermore, a spray device can be provided as a binder material device for applying a binder material, as previously described in 27 was implied. A spray device can also be provided for moistening and/or activating the material before, during and/or after application as a strand of material.

Furthermore, the application device can optionally be provided with an additional curing device (not shown) or coupled with one that accelerates the curing of the applied strand of material. For this purpose, the curing device can generate a cold and/or warm gas flow, in particular an air flow, thermal radiation, UV radiation and/or a liquid mist.

For the production of layers of the material strand that are not built up on a platform or on an already previous layer of the material strand, one or more support structures (not shown) can optionally be provided in addition. The respective support structure can be constructed, for example, from particles wetted with the same or a different binder material. In this case, the support structure can have the same particles or particle combination as the component to be produced, or other particles or particle combinations. Such support structures have the advantage that they can be removed later more easily and, if necessary, are also recyclable.

The respective support structure can be realized as a fine, continuous or non-continuous structure, which can later be more easily removed. In addition or as an alternative, the support structure can also be produced with a low or lower density and can therefore also be easily removed.

The support structure and the finished component are preferably designed to be reusable. For example, the hardened binder material of the support structure or of the finished component can be soluble, for example, by liquids, by temperature, mechanical energy, radiation energy, etc. As a result, the binder material can be removed from the particles, since it is liquefied, for example, or decomposed in such a way that it can be removed from the particles by means of a blower or the particles can be sieved out of the binder material through a sieve. For example, with a mass ratio of particles to binder material of 80 to 20.

Although the present invention has been fully described above on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, it is not restricted to them, but rather can be modified in a variety of ways. The in the 1 until 34 The exemplary embodiments shown can also be combined with one another, in particular individual features thereof.

In the previously related to the 1-34 described embodiments, the application device, at least one element of the application device and / or the base, eg construction platform or carrier unit, be designed to be movable in at least two or all three spatial axes, ie the X, Y and/or Z axis, and optionally additionally rotatable about at least the X, Y and/or Z axis and /or be tiltable. For the generation of new layers of the strand of material, for example, the application device can be moved in the Y-direction or perpendicularly to the base by one layer height and/or the base is lowered by one layer. Optionally, the application device can also be designed to be inclinable or tiltable, for example about the Y-axis or X-axis, so that the layers of the material strands can be produced with any orientation.

The binder material is, for example, liquid or pasty during the layered application of the material strand, so that after the layered application there is a solidification and thus a connection of the particles of the material strand wetted with the binding material. The curing of the binding material of the strand of material, and thus a connection with the particles contained in the binding material, takes place after the strand of material has been applied to the substrate.

Reference List

1

nozzle device

2

strand of material

3

shaping element

4

processing facility

5

applicator

6

build platform

7

layer or layer

8th

shielding

9

encapsulation device

10

deepening

11

jet

12

gap

13

counter holder

14

disc

15

solid item

16

axis

18

core

19

feeder

20

filling material

21

storage facility

22

additional element

100

manufacturing device

101

document

102

longitudinal axis

103

structuring element

104

front panel

105

cavity

106

partition

107

particle feeder

108

particles

109

binder material facility

110

binder material

111

Compacting and conveying device

112

roller

113

conveyor roller

114

feeding mechanism

115

mixer device

116

nozzle element

117

merging facility

Claims (20)

Manufacturing device (100) for the layered manufacture of a three-dimensional component from at least one curable strand of material (2), comprising: at least one application device (5) with at least one nozzle device (1) for applying the at least one strand of material (2) in layers according to the shape of the three-dimensional component on a substrate (6), and a processing device (4) for shaping at least a section of the contour of the material strand (2), wherein the processing device (4) is designed to introduce at least one depression (10) and/or at least one cavity (105) into the strand of material (2) applied to a substrate by means of the nozzle device. Manufacturing device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the processing device (4) is designed in such a way that at least the section of the contour of the material strand (2) is smoothed, roughened, compacted and/or formed with elevations. Manufacturing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing device (4) is designed for introducing at least one additional material (20) into the material strand (2), the additional material (20) being a solid material, esp special fibers, a liquid material, a gaseous material, in particular air, a pasty material and/or a powdery material. Manufacturing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nozzle device (1) is designed as a processing device (4), the nozzle device (1) having in particular a core (18) as the shaping element (3), the core (18) being in the nozzle device (1) is arranged in such a way that one or more cavities (105) are formed in the material strand (2) discharged from the nozzle device (1). Manufacturing device according to claim 4 , characterized in that the core (18) is solid or hollow and is connected to at least one feed device (19) for feeding the additional material (20) into the at least one cavity (105) created by the core (18). Production device according to one of claims 3 until 5 , characterized in that the nozzle device (1) is connected to at least one feed device (19) for feeding in the additional material and applying the additional material strand (2) at least to a section of the outside of the material strand (2) or introducing the additional material into the Material strand (2). Manufacturing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing device (4) has at least one shaping element (3) for shaping the contour of the material strand (2), wherein the shaping element (3) is designed to be fixed, displaceable and/or rotatable and wherein the shaping element (3) is in particular a roller, a nozzle (11) for generating a shaping fluid jet or a carriage, and the carriage can preferably be moved into and out of the material strand (2). Manufacturing device according to claim 7 , characterized in that the shaping element (3) is provided on its outside with at least one structuring element (103), the structuring element (103) being a depression and/or an elevation. Manufacturing device according to claim 8 , characterized in that the strand of material (2) can be provided with at least one depression (10) as a result of the elevation as a structuring element (103), the at least one depression (10) of the strand of material (2) also being provided by the application of a further layer of the strand of material (2) can be closed to form the strand of material (2) with at least one cavity (105). Production device according to one of Claims 8 until 9 characterized in that the shaping element (3) has two mutually offset rotating elements, in particular discs (14), the at least one structuring element (103) of the shaping element (3) being coupled to the rotating elements in such a way that the structuring element (103) into which the strand of material (2) can be inserted and extended out of it in order to form indentations (10) in the strand of material (2). Manufacturing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nozzle device (1) is designed in such a way to convey the material strand (2) perpendicularly, at an incline or parallel to the base (6), the nozzle device (1) for applying the material strand (2) inclined at an angle to the base or inclined to the base (6) is formed. Production device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nozzle device (1) has a counter-holder (13), the counter-holder (13) being designed to be stationary or displaceable. Manufacturing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two nozzle devices (1) are arranged opposite one another in such a way that they produce a common strand of material (2). Manufacturing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application device (5) has at least one particle guide device (107) for supplying particles, the particles being in particular wood flour, wood chips, particles of cardboard, particles of expanded polystyrene, metal particles, plastic particles, ceramic particles , particles are made of a mineral material, paper particles and/or sand, and at least one binder material device (109) for providing the particles of the particle feed device with a binder material, wherein the binder material is in particular a thermoplastic, an adhesive, in particular a hot-melt adhesive or a reactive adhesive, and/ or a resin system. Manufacturing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the nozzle device (1) and/or a construction platform (6) is used as the substrate for application the material strand (2) can be moved in the X direction, Y direction and/or Z direction and in particular the nozzle device (1) can be rotated through an angle in a range of greater than 0° and up to 360°. Method for manufacturing a three-dimensional component layer by layer by means of the manufacturing device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, the method having the steps: Applying a hardenable strand of material (2) in layers in the form of the three-dimensional component to a substrate (6) by means of a nozzle device (1), and Shaping of at least one section of the contour of the strand of material (2) by a processing device (4), the strand of material (2) applied to the substrate (6) by means of the nozzle device (1) being provided with at least one depression (10) by the processing device (4) and/or at least one cavity (105) is formed. procedure after Claim 16 , characterized by introducing at least one additional material (20) into the material strand (2). procedure after Claim 16 or 17 , wherein the strand of material is shaped before, during and/or after the curing of the strand of material. procedure after Claim 16 , 17 or 18 , wherein the material strand (2) is cured by radiation, in particular infrared (IR) radiation, laser radiation or UV radiation, by mechanical energy, in particular ultrasound, and/or heat. Procedure according to one of Claims 16 until 19 , characterized by forming the strand of material (2) with elevations.

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