DE102014111279A1 - Semiconductor chip with integrated series resistors - Google Patents
Semiconductor chip with integrated series resistors Download PDFInfo
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- DE102014111279A1 DE102014111279A1 DE102014111279.2A DE102014111279A DE102014111279A1 DE 102014111279 A1 DE102014111279 A1 DE 102014111279A1 DE 102014111279 A DE102014111279 A DE 102014111279A DE 102014111279 A1 DE102014111279 A1 DE 102014111279A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Ein Halbleiterchip weist einen Halbleiterkörper mit einer Unterseite, sowie mit einer Oberseite, die in einer vertikalen Richtung von der Unterseite beabstandet ist, ein aktives Transistorgebiet und ein nicht-aktives Transistorgebiet, eine in dem Halbleiterkörper ausgebildete Driftzone, ein Kontaktanschlusspad zur externen Kontaktierung des Halbleiterchips, und eine Vielzahl von Transistorzellen, die in dem Halbleiterkörper ausgebildet sind. Eine jede der Transistorzellen weist eine erste Elektrode auf. Eine jede einer Vielzahl von Verbindungsleitungen verbindet eine andere der ersten Elektroden an einer Verbindungsstelle der betreffenden Verbindungsleitung elektrisch mit dem Kontaktanschlusspad. Eine jede der Verbindungsleitungen weist einen Widerstandsabschnitt auf, der gebildet ist aus wenigstens einem von: einer lokal reduzierten Querschnittsfläche der Verbindungsleitung; und einem lokal erhöhten spezifischen Widerstand. eine jede der Verbindungsstellen und jeder der Widerstandsabschnitte ist im ein nicht-aktives Transistorgebiet angeordnet.A semiconductor chip has a semiconductor body with a lower side, as well as with an upper side which is spaced in a vertical direction from the lower side, an active transistor region and a non-active transistor region, a drift zone formed in the semiconductor body, a contact terminal pad for external contacting of the semiconductor chip, and a plurality of transistor cells formed in the semiconductor body. Each of the transistor cells has a first electrode. Each of a plurality of connection lines electrically connects another of the first electrodes at a connection point of the respective connection line with the contact terminal pad. Each of the connection lines has a resistance portion formed of at least one of: a locally reduced cross-sectional area of the connection line; and a locally increased resistivity. each of the junctions and each of the resistor sections is disposed in a non-active transistor region.
Description
Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung betreffen einen Halbleiterchip, insbesondere einen Halbleiterchip, der eine Vielzahl von Transistorzellen aufweist. Embodiments of the present invention relate to a semiconductor chip, in particular a semiconductor chip having a plurality of transistor cells.
Transistoren wie zum Beispiel IGFETs (Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistors), welche MOSFETs und IGBTs umfassen, werden weithin als elektronische Schalter in verschiedenen Arten von Anwendungen wie beispielsweise Invertern, Spannungsreglern, Stromreglern oder Treiberschaltkreisen zum Treiben elektrischer Lasten wie zum Beispiel Lampen, Ventilen, Motoren, etc. eingesetzt. Transistoren, die üblicherweise als Leistungstransistoren betrieben werden, enthalten eine Vielzahl von identischen Transistorzellen, die in einem Transistorzellenfeld angeordnet und elektrisch parallel geschaltet sind. Transistors such as Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistors (IGFETs), which include MOSFETs and IGBTs, are widely used as electronic switches in various types of applications such as inverters, voltage regulators, current regulators or driver circuits for driving electrical loads such as lamps, valves, motors , etc. used. Transistors, which are commonly operated as power transistors, include a plurality of identical transistor cells arranged in a transistor cell array and electrically connected in parallel.
Bei vielen modernen Leistungstransistoren werden vertikale Feldplatten verwendet, die den Vorteil des „Ladungskompensationsprinzips“ verwenden, um einen geringen Einschaltwiderstand (RON) des Transistors zu erreichen. Bei dem „Ladungsträgerkompensationsprinzip“ erstrecken sich Feldplatten, die elektrisch an eine Sourcezone oder an eine Emitterzone des Transistors angeschlossen sind, in die Driftzone des Transistors, um Ladungsträger zu kompensieren, die von Dotierstoffen bereitgestellt werden, welche den Leitungstyp (n oder p) der Driftzone bewirken. Allerdings führen die Feldplatten zu einem Anstieg der Ausgangskapazität eines derartigen Transistors. Als Folge hiervon führt das abwechselnde Ein- und Ausschalten des Transistors zu unerwünschten Spannungsspitzen, die durch unvermeidliche Induktivitäten eines elektronischen Schaltkreises hervorgerufen werden, mit denen der Transistor verbunden ist. Da die Höhe der Überspannungspulse mit der Flankensteilheit des elektrischen Stroms durch den Transistor ansteigt, streben herkömmliche Transistoren unter Verwendung eines Dämpfungswiderstandes, der mit den Feldplatten in Reihe geschaltet ist, an, die Flankensteilheit zu verringern, was im Hinblick auf die erforderliche hohe Stromtragfähigkeit dieses Widerstands viel Raum des Chips verbraucht. Weiterhin ist das Schaltverhalten der Transistorzellen eines derartigen Transistors inhomogen, d.h., die Transistorzellen schalten nicht simultan ein und aus. Many modern power transistors use vertical field plates that take advantage of the "charge compensation principle" to achieve a low on-resistance (RON) of the transistor. In the "carrier compensation principle", field plates electrically connected to a source region or to an emitter region of the transistor extend into the drift region of the transistor to compensate for charge carriers provided by dopants which are the conductivity type (n or p) of the drift region cause. However, the field plates lead to an increase in the output capacitance of such a transistor. As a result, the alternate turning on and off of the transistor results in undesirable spikes caused by unavoidable inductances of an electronic circuit to which the transistor is connected. As the level of overvoltage pulses increases with the slew rate of the electrical current through the transistor, conventional transistors, using a snubber resistor connected in series with the field plates, seek to reduce the slew rate, in view of the required high current carrying capacity of this resistor consumed a lot of space of the chip. Furthermore, the switching behavior of the transistor cells of such a transistor is inhomogeneous, that is, the transistor cells do not simultaneously turn on and off.
Deshalb besteht ein Bedarf nach einem Transistor, der einen niedrigen Einschaltwiderstand aufweist, eine geringe Ausgangskapazität, sowie ein homogenes Schaltverhalten. Therefore, there is a need for a transistor having a low on-resistance, a low output capacitance, and a homogeneous switching behavior.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung weist ein Halbleiterchip einen Halbleiterkörper mit einer Unterseite und einer in einer vertikalen Richtung von der Unterseite beabstandeten Oberseite auf. Der Halbleiterchip weist weiterhin ein aktives Transistorgebiet mit den Transistorzellen auf, sowie ein nicht-aktives Transistorgebiet ohne Transistorzellen. Der Halbleiterchip enthält weiterhin eine Driftzone, die in dem Halbleiterkörper ausgebildet ist, eine oder mehrere Kontaktanschlusspads, um den Halbleiterchip extern zu kontaktieren, und eine Anzahl von Transistorzellen, die in dem Halbleiterkörper ausgebildet sind. Eine jede der Transistorzellen besitzt eine erste Elektrode. Eine jede von einer Anzahl von Verbindungsleitungen verbindet elektrisch eine andere der ersten Elektroden an einer Verbindungsstelle der betreffenden Verbindungsleitung mit dem Kontaktanschlusspad. Eine jede der Verbindungsleitungen weist einen Widerstandsabschnitt auf, wobei eine jede der Verbindungsleitungen und ein jeder der Verbindungsabschnitte in dem nicht-aktiven Transistorgebiet angeordnet ist. Ein jeder der Widerstandsabschnitte ist aus wenigstens einem der folgenden gebildet:
Einer lokal verringerten Querschnittsfläche des Abschnitts der Verbindungsleitung und/oder einem lokal erhöhten, spezifischen Widerstand. According to one embodiment, a semiconductor chip has a semiconductor body with a bottom side and a top side which is spaced apart in a vertical direction from the underside. The semiconductor chip further has an active transistor region with the transistor cells, as well as a non-active transistor region without transistor cells. The semiconductor chip further includes a drift zone formed in the semiconductor body, one or more contact pads for externally contacting the semiconductor chip, and a plurality of transistor cells formed in the semiconductor body. Each of the transistor cells has a first electrode. Each of a number of connection lines electrically connects another of the first electrodes at a connection point of the respective connection line to the contact connection pad. Each of the connection lines has a resistance section, wherein each of the connection lines and each of the connection sections is arranged in the non-active transistor region. Each of the resistor sections is formed of at least one of the following:
A locally reduced cross-sectional area of the portion of the connection lead and / or a locally increased resistivity.
Bei einer jeder der ersten Elektroden kann es sich um eine Feldelektrode einer anderen der Transistorzellen handeln. Alternativ kann es sich bei einer jeden der ersten Elektroden um eine Gateelektrode einer anderen der Transistorzellen handeln. Each of the first electrodes may be a field electrode of another of the transistor cells. Alternatively, each of the first electrodes may be a gate electrode of another of the transistor cells.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Halbleiterchips das Bereitstellen eines Halbleiterkörpers mit einer Unterseite und mit einer von der Unterseite in einer vertikalen Richtung beabstandet angeordneten Oberseite auf. Ein aktives Transistorgebiet und ein nichtaktives Transistorgebiet werden in dem Halbleiterkörper erzeugt, so dass der Halbleiterkörper als integrierte Teile eine Driftzone, ein Kontaktanschlusspad zur externen Kontaktierung des Halbleiterchips aufweist, sowie eine Vielzahl von Transistorzellen. Eine jede der Transistorzellen enthält eine erste Elektrode. Eine Vielzahl von Verbindungsleitungen verbinden elektrisch eine andere der ersten Elektroden an einer Verbindungsstelle der betreffenden Verbindungsleitung mit dem Kontaktanschlusspad, wobei eine jede der Verbindungsleitungen einen Widerstandsabschnitt aufweist, der aus wenigstens einem der folgenden gebildet ist: Einer lokal reduzierten Querschnittsfläche und einem lokal erhöhten spezifischen Widerstand. Eine jede der Verbindungsstellen und ein jeder der Widerstandsabschnitte ist in dem nicht-aktiven Transistorgebiet angeordnet. According to a further embodiment, a method for producing a semiconductor chip comprises providing a semiconductor body with a bottom side and with a top side arranged spaced from the underside in a vertical direction. An active transistor region and a non-active transistor region are generated in the semiconductor body, so that the semiconductor body has as integrated parts a drift zone, a contact pad for external contacting of the semiconductor chip, and a plurality of transistor cells. Each of the transistor cells includes a first electrode. A plurality of connection lines electrically connect another one of the first electrodes at a connection point of the respective connection line to the contact terminal pad, each of the connection lines having a resistance portion formed of at least one of a locally reduced cross sectional area and a locally increased resistivity. Each of the junctions and each of the resistor sections is disposed in the non-active transistor region.
Es werden nun Beispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren erläutert. Die Figuren dienen dazu, das Grundprinzip zu veranschaulichen, so dass nur diejenigen Aspekte gezeigt, die zum Verständnis des Grundprinzips erforderlich sind. Die Figuren sind nicht maßstäblich. In den Figuren bezeichnen gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche Merkmale. Examples will now be explained with reference to the figures. The figures serve to illustrate the basic principle, so that only those aspects are shown that are necessary for understanding the basic principle. The figures are not to scale. In the figures, like reference numerals designate like features.
Die
In der nachfolgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung wird Bezug genommen auf die beigefügten Figuren, die einen Teil hiervon bilden und in denen anhand der Illustration konkreter Ausführungsbeispiele gezeigt wird, wie die Erfindung umgesetzt werden kann. In diesem Zusammenhang wird richtungsgebundene Terminologien, wie beispielsweise „obere“, „untere“, „vorne“, „hinten“, „vordere“, „nachfolgend“ etc. im Bezug auf die Ausrichtung der beschriebenen Figuren verwendet. Da Bestandteile der Ausführungsbeispiele in einer Vielzahl von Ausrichtungen positioniert werden können, wird die richtungsgebundene Terminologie zum Zweck der Veranschaulichung verwendet und ist in keiner Weise beschränkend zu verstehen. Andere Ausgestaltungen können verwendet oder strukturelle oder logische Änderungen vorgenommen werden, ohne den Umfang der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. Die nachfolgende ausführliche Beschreibung ist deshalb nicht in einem beschränkenden Sinn zu verstehen, und der Umfang der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch die beigefügten Ansprüche definiert. Die Merkmale der verschiedenen hierin beschriebenen beispielhaften Ausgestaltungen können miteinander kombiniert werden, sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist. In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration of concrete embodiments, how the invention can be implemented. In this context, directional terminologies, such as "upper,""lower,""front,""back,""front,""subsequent," etc., are used with respect to the orientation of the figures described. Since components of the embodiments can be positioned in a variety of orientations, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized or structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is therefore not to be understood in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. The features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined with one another unless otherwise specified.
Die Transistorzellen
Der aktive Transistorbereich
Wie ebenfalls in
Der Halbleiterkörper
Beim vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel dienen die ersten Elektroden
Eine jede der ersten Elektroden
Eine jede der Verbindungsleitungen
Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel weist der Widerstandsabschnitt
Weiterhin kann der Widerstandsabschnitt
Bei der in
Bei einer Ausgestaltung, bei der der spezifische elektrische Widerstand des Widerstandsabschnitts gegenüber dem spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von einem oder beiden der Abschnitte
Entsprechend kann der Widerstandsabschnitt
Wie in
Wie weiterhin in
Bei der in
Die Verbindungsleitung
Der Transistor
Eine Dotierungskonzentration der Driftzone
Ein Kontaktpad
Die Transistorzellen
Die Gateelektroden
Wie weiterhin in
In den vorangehenden Figuren wurden die ersten Elektroden als Feldplatten
Wie
Die Transistorzellen
Bei der vorliegenden Ausgestaltung dienen die ersten Elektroden
Eine jede der Verbindungsleitungen
Bei der in
Bei der in
In den
Eine Anzahl von Ausgestaltungen zum elektrischen Verbinden einer ersten Elektrode mit einem Kontaktpad wurde beispielsweise unter Verwendung einer Feldelektrode oder Feldplatte
Weiterhin kann der erste Leitungstyp 'n' und der zweite Leitungstyp 'p' sein, wie dies durchgängig in den Zeichnungen dargestellt ist. Alternativ kann bei anderen Ausgestaltungen der erste Leitungstyp 'p' und der zweite Leitungstyp 'n' sein. Furthermore, the first conductivity type may be 'n' and the second conductivity type may be 'p', as illustrated throughout the drawings. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the first conductivity type may be 'p' and the second conductivity type may be 'n'.
Die in der obigen Beschreibung erwähnten Source-, Drain- und Gatekontaktpads
Gemäß einem weiteren optionalen Aspekt kann eine jede der ersten Elektroden
Der Halbleiterchip gemäß den vorliegenden Ausgestaltungen kann aber muss nicht notwendigerweise das Ladungsträgerkompensationsprinzip anwenden. Das bedeutet, unter anderem, dass ein Halbleiterchip gemäß der vorliegenden Offenbarung Feldplatten, wie sie eingangs beschrieben wurden, aufweisen kann oder nicht. Weiterhin kann eine Gateelektrode
Abgesehen von den Tatsachen, dass die Gateelektroden
Unter Bezugnahme auf die
Entsprechend den
Der Graben
Nachfolgend wird, wie in den
Dann werden in dem verbleibenden Graben
In einem nachfolgenden Schritt können die elektrisch leitenden Schichten
Nachfolgend wird der Abschnitt
Räumlich relative Begriffe wie "unter", "unterhalb", "niedriger", "über", "obere" und dergleichen werden zur Vereinfachung der Beschreibung verwendet, um die Positionierung von einem Element relativ zu einem zweiten Element zu erläutern. Diese Ausdrücke sollen Ausrichtungen mit einschließen, die verschieden sind von den in den Figuren gezeigten. Weiterhin werden Ausdrücke wie "erste", "zweite" und dergleichen auch dazu verwendet, verschiedene Elemente, Bereich, Abschnitte etc. zu beschreiben und sie sind nicht beschränkend gemeint. Gleiche Ausdrücke beziehen sich durch die gesamte Beschreibung hindurch auf gleiche Elemente. Spatially relative terms such as "below," "below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like are used to simplify the description to explain the positioning of one element relative to a second element. These terms are intended to include orientations other than those shown in the figures. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and the like are also used to describe various elements, range, portions, etc., and are not meant to be limiting. Like terms refer to like elements throughout the specification.
Die hierin verwendeten Begriffe "haben", "enthalten", "umfassen", "aufweisen" und dergleichen sind offene Ausdrücke, die das Vorhandensein des genannten Elements oder Merkmals angeben, die aber zusätzliche Elemente oder Merkmale nicht ausschließen. Die Artikel "ein", "eine" und "der/die/das" sollen die Mehrzahl ebenso mit einschließen wie die Einzahl., sofern sich aus dem Kontext nichts anderes ergibt. As used herein, the terms "having," "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended terms that indicate the presence of said element or feature, but do not preclude additional elements or features. The articles "a," "an," and "the" should include the plural as well as the singular, unless the context dictates otherwise.
Es ist zu verstehen, dass die Merkmale der verschiedenen hierin beschriebenen beispielhaften Ausgestaltungen können miteinander kombiniert werden, sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist. It is to be understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined with one another unless otherwise specified.
Obwohl hierin spezielle Ausführungsbeispiele gezeigt und beschrieben wurden, wird der Fachmann erkennen, dass eine Vielfalt von alternativen und/oder äquivalenten Ausführungen die speziellen gezeigten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele ersetzen kann, ohne den Bereich der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen. Diese Anmeldung soll beliebige Anpassungen oder Variationen der speziellen, hierin diskutierten Ausführungsbeispiele abdecken. Deshalb ist es beabsichtigt, dass diese Erfindung nur durch die Ansprüche und deren Äquivalente beschränkt ist. Although particular embodiments have been shown and described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that a variety of alternative and / or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the particular embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the particular embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (27)
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