DE102014008456A1 - End shield for an electrical machine and electrical machine with such a bearing plate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bearing plate for an electrical machine (10), in particular for a motor vehicle, with at least one receptacle (16) for a bearing for mounting a shaft of the electrical machine (10), and with at least one of the receptacle opening (16) adjoining wall (18), through which a receiving space of the electrical machine (10), in which the shaft can be arranged at least in regions, is at least partially to be limited, the wall (18) having at least one channel (20) which at least partially through at least one area (22) of the wall (18) is closed towards the interior and designed to at least partially accommodate at least one line element (24, 34).

Description

The invention relates to a bearing plate for an electrical machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and an electric machine with at least one such end shield.

Such a bearing plate for an electrical machine is for example the DE 10 2010 000 710 A1 to be known as known. The end shield has at least one receptacle for a bearing. The recording is formed as a passage opening. The bearing can be arranged at least partially in the receptacle and thus fastened on the receptacle on the bearing plate. By means of the bearing, a shaft of the electric machine is rotatably mounted on the bearing plate about an axis of rotation relative to the bearing plate.

The end shield further has at least one wall, which adjoins in particular in the radial direction of the shaft or the axis of rotation of the receiving opening. By means of the wall, a receiving space of the electric machine is at least partially limited. In other words, in the finished state of the electric machine, a receiving space of this is at least partially limited by the wall. In particular, the receiving space in the axial direction of the shaft and thus of the electric machine is at least partially limited by the wall. The receiving space is an interior of the electrical machine, which is limited for example in the radial direction by at least one housing element of the electrical machine. The over the bearing on the bearing plate to be stored wave is at least partially and for example at least predominantly - in the finished state of the electric machine - in the receiving space (interior) added. The receiving space also serves for at least partially receiving components of the electrical machine. A first of these components may be a stator of the electrical machine. A second of the components may be a rotor of the electrical machine corresponding to the stator, which rotor is at least partially accommodated in the receiving space.

On the end shield of the DE 10 2010 000 710 A1 At least one line element is arranged in the form of a current guide, wherein this current guide is arranged on a - relative to the finished manufactured state of the electric machine - the receiving space facing inside of the bearing plate. The current guide serves to connect at least one first winding of the stator to a power connection and / or to another winding of the stator.

The US 2003/0200761 A1 discloses an electric motor with an integrated inverter. The electric motor comprises a housing, wherein an inverter circuit is fixed to the housing. The inverter is used to convert DC into three-phase AC.

Object of the present invention is to provide a bearing plate and an electric machine of the type mentioned, which allow an improved and in particular electrical connection of at least one component of the electric machine with at least one further component.

This object is achieved by a bearing plate having the features of patent claim 1 and by an electric machine having the features of patent claim 5. Advantageous embodiments with expedient and non-trivial developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

To further develop a bearing plate specified in the preamble of claim 1 type such that an improved over the prior art and in particular electrical connection of at least a first component of the electric machine with at least one other component can be realized, it is provided according to the invention that the wall of the end shield has at least one channel. The channel is at least partially and preferably at least predominantly closed by at least a portion of the wall - based on the finished state of the electric machine - towards the receiving space and thus at least partially and preferably at least predominantly separated from the receiving space. Furthermore, the channel is designed for at least partially accommodating at least one line element. This means that the line element, which is formed for example as an electrical line element for transmitting electrical current and / or electrical signals, at least partially receivable in the channel. In other words, the conduit element at least partially and preferably at least predominantly embedded in the channel and thus in the bearing plate. In the embedded state in the channel, however, the line element is - at least partially and preferably at least predominantly separated by the region of the wall from the receiving space - based on the longitudinal extent.

This means that the region of the wall at least partially and preferably at least predominantly covers the line element in the axial direction towards the receiving space. As a result, the line element, for example, before at least one liquid in the receiving space is protected. In addition, the space requirement of the electric machine can be kept particularly low, in particular in its axial direction, since the line element can be embedded in the channel in particular in the axial direction and thus does not apply. The conduit element can be guided along the channel, wherein this cable routing takes place inside the bearing plate. Thus, the bearing plate, in particular the wall and in particular the region of the wall, used for mechanical protection of the conduit element.

The invention is based on the idea that an electrical machine is usually cooled and / or lubricated in the receiving space with a liquid. For example, this fluid is a lubricant, especially oil. For example, the electric machine is cooled in its interior, that is in the receiving space by an oil mist.

The electrical machine is electrically connected to at least one further, in particular electrical component in particular applications, in particular in an application in a motor vehicle, in particular passenger cars. This further component may be an inverter, which is also referred to as an "inverter". In order to electrically connect the electrical machine to the further component, for example, at least one electrical component of the electrical machine arranged in the receiving space is electrically connected to the further component via at least one line.

As a result of the cooling of the electric machine described above, however, an electrical contacting of at least one arranged in the receiving space component with the line and a leadership of the line from the receiving space out in a lower portion of the electric machine is not or only very expensive displayed, as a result Such a passage can lead to leaks in the lower area of the electric machine. As a result of these leaks, the oil could escape undesirably from the receiving space. To avoid this, very expensive sealing measures are required.

In order to avoid these elaborate sealing measures and still lead out the line from the receiving space, thereby electrically connecting the electrical machine with the other component, usually very long lines are used, which extend from the electric machine to the other component. Such a line leads, for example, from the arranged below the electric machine inverter to the electrical separation point in an upper region of the electric machine. Due to their large length, the lines have a high space requirement. In addition, additional separation points are required, which must be protected against environmental influences and / or touches. The particularly long length of the lines also leads to that switching pulses of the inverter are radiated. This can - if no appropriate countermeasures are taken - to EMC interference (EMC - electromagnetic compatibility).

These problems can be avoided by the arrangement or applicability of the conduit element in the channel of the bearing plate. It is possible to lead the line element on a short path to the other component, which is arranged for example in the radial direction below the electric machine. It can be provided that the line element is designed as a flat busbar. Thus, instead of round conductors, a flat busbar can be used, which requires less installation space compared to a round conductor with the same current carrying capacity. This replacement of round conductors by busbars also leads to a reduction in the weight of the electrical machine as a whole.

In addition, an at least almost free choice of contacting points can be created, to which the electrical machine is electrically contacted with the other component. For example, a connection point at which the line element is electrically connected to stator windings of the electric machine can be selected at least almost freely, without having to take into account any possible arrangement of further components around the electric machine.

As the conduit member, a control line for controlling the electric machine can be used. Alternatively, the line element can also be a sensor line via which electrical signals provided by at least one sensor can be transmitted. The arrangement of the line element in the bearing plate this can be protected from contact.

The arrangement or applicability of the conduit element in the channel of the bearing plate also makes it possible to choose the connection point or contacting points such that the length of the conduit element can be kept particularly low. This allows Störsignalaussendungen and resulting EMC interference kept at least low become. In other words, an EMC-compliant cable routing can be realized while optimizing the EMC behavior.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or in isolation, without the scope of To leave invention.

The drawing shows in:

1 a schematic and perspective side view of an electric machine with a bearing plate, which has at least one wall with at least one channel in which at least one conduit element is received; and

2 a schematic front view of the electric machine.

In the figures, the same or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

1 and 2 show a whole with 10 designated electrical machine. The electric machine 10 is used for example in a drive train of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. In this case, the electric machine 10 For example, be used in an engine operation as an electric motor for driving the motor vehicle. Alternatively or additionally, the electric machine 10 be operated in a generator mode. In generator mode, the electric machine stops 10 electrical energy, that is to say electrical power ready, by means of which at least one electrical consumer of the motor vehicle can be supplied. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical current can be fed into at least one battery and stored. The drive train is designed for example as a hybrid drive train and in addition to the electric machine 10 an internal combustion engine for driving the motor vehicle. Here, the motor vehicle is designed as a hybrid vehicle.

However, the motor vehicle can also be designed as an electric vehicle. In this case, the drive train does not comprise an internal combustion engine for driving the motor vehicle. The electric machine 10 However, it is readily usable for other applications. The electric machine 10 can be designed for example as a synchronous machine or asynchronous machine. For example, the electric machine 10 as a gear-integrated electric machine 10 (GEM) trained. This means that the electric machine 10 for example, is integrated in a transmission of the hybrid drive train. Here is the electric machine 10 for example, received in a transmission housing. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the electric machine 10 integrated into another component or housed in its own, separate housing.

Out 1 is a housing element 12 the electric machine 10 recognizable. Through the housing element 12 is a receiving space of the electric machine 10 limited in the radial direction. The electric machine 10 also includes a bearing plate 14 , which, for example, in the axial direction of the electric machine 10 to the housing element 12 connects and is connected to this. In the finished state of the electric machine 10 takes the bearing plate 14 an installation position, in which by the end plate 14 the receiving space in the axial direction of the electric machine 10 is at least partially limited.

The bearing plate 14 has a receptacle in the form of a passage opening 16 on. The passage opening 16 is a bearing receptacle for receiving at least one bearing. In other words, at least one bearing can be arranged in the bearing receptacle and thereby on the end shield 14 being held. The camp serves to store at least one in 1 unrecognizable shaft of the electric machine 10 , In the finished state of the electric machine 10 the shaft is at least partially and preferably at least predominantly arranged in the receiving space. The shaft is thus in the finished state of the electric machine 10 about an axis of rotation relative to the end shield 14 and to the housing element 12 rotatably mounted. The bearing is designed for example as a bearing element in the form of a rolling bearing.

The bearing plate 14 moreover comprises at least one wall 18 , which in the radial direction to the passage opening 16 followed. This means that the through hole 16 through the wall 18 is limited. That in the passage opening 16 at least partially arranged bearing is supported on the wall 18 from. Through the wall 18 the receiving space in the axial direction is at least partially limited. In the present case, the receiving space is through the wall 18 at least partially to a first page 19 limited in the axial direction.

In synopsis with 2 is particularly well recognizable that the wall 18 at least a channel 20 which at least partially through at least one wall area 22 the wall 18 closed to the receiving space and for at least partially receiving line elements in the form of flat busbars 24 is trained. At the channel 20 it is a guide along which the busbars 24 are guided. The channel 20 can be formed as indentation or hollow area. Present is the channel 20 as a recess facing away from the receiving space surface 26 the wall 18 formed and facing away from the receiving space outside 28 of the end shield 14 open.

Out 1 and 2 is recognizable that the electric machine 10 an inverter 30 assigned. The inverter 30 includes a housing 32 in which at least one electrical component of the inverter 30 is arranged. Through the housing 32 is another recording room of the inverter 30 limited, wherein in the further receiving space the at least one component of the inverter 30 is arranged.

In an alternative embodiment of an inventive bearing plate, not shown, instead of the inverter 30 a simple plug or screw connection of electrical Leitugnen arranged over which the electrical machine with other components is conductively connected.

During a genarator operation of the electric machine 10 For example, a three-phase alternating voltage or a three-phase alternating current is provided, which respectively via the busbars 24 from the electric machine 10 to the inverter 30 to be led. The alternating voltage or the alternating current is by means of the inverter 30 converted into DC or DC, which can then be fedicer in a battery or other DC consumers available. In each case one of the busbars 24 is assigned to one of the phases of the AC voltage. The busbars 24 For example, represent connections for three phases of a star or delta connection of a three-phase three-phase machine (for example, PSM).

In engine operation is via the inverter 30 the DC voltage from the battery into an AC voltage, here three-phase AC voltage, converted via the busbars 24 be forwarded to the terminals of the stator and there to provide a drive of the rotor and thus the electrical machine.

Out 1 and 2 It can be seen that in the illustrated embodiment, the end shield 14 and the case 32 of the inverter 30 are integrally formed with each other. This means that through the end shield 14 a housing element in the form of the housing 32 for the inverter 30 is formed. For example, in finished manufactured state of the motor vehicle takes the electric machine 10 an installation position, wherein the inverter 30 based on this installation position in the vehicle vertical direction and in the radial direction of the electric machine 10 is arranged below this.

In channel 20 In addition, at least one further line element in the form of a sensor line 34 at least partially included. The sensor line 34 serves for transmitting electrical signals, which from at least one arranged in the receiving space sensor of the electric machine 10 to be provided.

The busbars 24 are at one end at each connection points 36 , which are also referred to as "contact points", with at least one in the receiving space of the electric machine 10 arranged component, in particular with windings of the electric machine 10 , electrically connected. For this purpose, the channel opens 20 for example, via respective, at the connection points 36 provided passage openings in the receiving space of the electric machine 10 so that the respective busbars 24 over the openings at the connection points 36 with the at least one component in the receiving space can be electrically contacted.

Corresponding to this is the sensor line 34 at a connection point 38 electrically contacted or connected to the sensor. This opens the channel 20 for example, via a further passage opening at the connection point 38 in the receiving space, so that the sensor has this passage opening in the connection point 38 electrically with the sensor line 34 can be connected.

In the 1 and 2 shown arrangement or positioning of the connection points 36 . 38 . 40 and 42 is just an example. It is understood that also a relation to the positioning shown other positioning of these connection points 36 . 38 . 40 . 42 and / or another geometry, that is, another extension of the channel 20 is possible.

The one end at the connection points 36 contacted busbars 24 are at terminal points at other ends 40 electrically with at least one in the housing 32 recorded component of the inverter 30 contacted. For this purpose, for example, opens the channel 20 at the connection points 40 via respective passage openings in the further receiving space of the inverter 30 , Also the sensor line 34 is for example at a connection point 40 With at least one arranged in the further receiving space component electrically contacted, wherein the channel 20 also at the connection point 42 via at least one passage opening opens into the further receiving space.

By way of example, the sensor is a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the electrical machine 10 , The sensor may also be a position sensor or position sensor, by means of which a position or a rotational position of the shaft and thus a rotor arranged in the receiving space of the electric machine 10 can be detected. The shaft is, for example, non-rotatably connected to the rotor.

In the receiving space is the electric machine 10 for example, cooled by means of an oil mist. By the electrical connection of the electric machine 10 with the inverter 30 over the busbars 24 can the respective length of the busbars 24 be kept low. Furthermore, costly sealing measures for sealing the receiving space in the lower region of the electrical machine 10 be avoided because not about lines from the receiving space to the environment of the housing element 12 led out and into the inverter 30 must be led.

Furthermore, the busbar 24 directly on the end shield 14 be attached so that they are assigned a defined space. By the at least partial and preferably predominant or complete embedding of the busbars 24 in the bearing plate 14 These are also mechanically protected. Furthermore, by this fixed arrangement, a fixed structure of the line elements (busbars 24 ) to get voted. In other words, the line elements are not as slippery as conventional cables but intrinsic stiffness. In addition, a particularly inexpensive, simple and flat and thus space-saving design can be realized with only a small material requirement of the line elements. Because the busbars 24 in the axial direction at least partially in the bearing plate 14 embedded, also can also the axial space requirement, that is, the axial length of the electric machine 10 be kept low as the busbars 24 do not apply. In other words, the busbars 24 in the bearing plate 14 embedded in the axial direction, so that the axial depth can be kept low. In addition, contacting devices are not provided and not required.

At the busbars 24 For example, these are high-voltage connections through which the electrical machine 10 with at least one other electrical component present in the form of the inverter 30 electrically connected. The channel 20 represents a recording device, in which the busbars 24 as well as the sensor line 34 are included. Further, the busbars 24 and the sensor line 34 by means of the channel 20 guided.

By different end shields 14 , which, for example, in terms of the shape or extent of the channel 20 can differ from each other, different guides of the busbars 24 and the sensor line 34 will be realized. As a result, for example, any combination of starting point and end point of the line elements can be realized without the electric machine 10 to change altogether. This allows a high flexibility and versatility of applications without any other changes or interference with the electrical machine 10 realize.

The sensor line 34 can be designed as a pliable or formlabile line or as intrinsically stiff line. The line elements can be removed non-destructively on the end shield 14 be attached. Alternatively, it is possible, the line elements directly in the manufacture of the bearing plate 14 at least partially embedded in this. For example, the line elements in the manufacture of the bearing plate 14 encapsulated with a melt, wherein the bearing element is produced for example by a casting process from the melt. If, for example, the end shield 14 made of a plastic, in particular made of an electrically non-conductive plastic, the conduit elements can be poured into the initially liquid plastic or molded around it and / or overmoulded and / or injected and thus equal in the production of the bearing plate 14 be at least partially embedded in this.

The cradle (the channel 20 ) can also be used as a cavity for pressure equalization and / or to guide air to a stopper or a pressure compensation element, since the inverter 30 opposite, upper portion of the electric machine 10 always a dry area in particular of the motor vehicle. The channel 20 thus extends in the bearing plate 14 towards other components, which for venting from the lower region and arranged in the lower part of the electrical machine components 10 can be used. In other words, it is possible to move air from the lower area to the upper area of the electric machine 10 over the canal 20 respectively.

Alternatively or in addition to the inverter 30 can also be another component provided be, with which the electric machine 10 over the busbars 24 or is electrically connected via at least one of the line elements. For example, a simple plug or screw contact at the outer end of the electric machine 10 be provided, over which the electric machine 10 is electrically connected to another component.

By using the channel 20 can be realized a very short and direct way on which the busbars 24 from the electric machine 10 to the inverter 30 are guided. In other words, there is a distance between the connection points 36 . 38 and the connection points 40 . 42 especially low. Preferably, it is for use of the busbars 24 provided that at least a part, preferably at least a predominant part of the channel 20 straight or rectilinear. Longitudinal areas that enclose an angle of 90 degrees with each other should be avoided. Preferably, respective, mutually extending longitudinal areas close 44 . 46 and 48 of the canal 20 a shallow angle, that is an angle which is greater than 90 degrees. In addition, it can be provided that in the end shield 14 a plurality of paths are formed to different connection points, wherein only one of the paths or channels, in particular in dependence on the embodiment of the electric machine 10 is being used. This one bearing shield 14 With the multiple paths or channels can then for different embodiments of the electric machine 10 be used, these different embodiments differ from each other in the position of actually used connection points.

To be particularly advantageous, it has been shown when the bearing plate 14 through the channel 20 stiffened. This means that the channel 20 , in particular its geometry or contour, at the same time a structural stiffening of the bearing plate 14 can represent, so that the channel 20 for example, from already necessary structures form. As a result, an additional effort and additional weight can be avoided and the bearing plate 14 be made with a very low material requirement.

Out 1 and 2 it can be seen that the busbars 24 in the axial direction of the electric machine 10 arranged one behind the other or one above the other. Alternatively, an arrangement of the busbars 24 possible at the busbars 24 in the radial direction next to each other, that is offset from one another.

Preferably, in the radial and / or axial direction between the busbars 24 provided an electrical insulation. In addition, is off 1 and 2 recognizable that the sensor line 34 offset in the radial direction or next to the busbars 24 is arranged. Any cavity provided between the conduit members may vent and / or equalize the pressure of the lower portion of the electrical machine 10 be used, so that other components, such as a hose for venting are not provided and not required.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

electric machine

12

housing element

14

end shield

16

Through opening

18

wall

19

page

20

channel

22

wall region

24

conductor rail

26

surface

28

outside

30

inverter

32

casing

34

sensor line

36

connection points

38

connection point

40

connection points

42

connection point

44

length range

46

length range

48

length range

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010000710 A1 [0002, 0004]
• US 2003/0200761 A1 [0005]

Claims (5)

Endshield for an electrical machine ( 10 ), in particular for a motor vehicle, with at least one receptacle ( 16 ) for a bearing for supporting a shaft of the electric machine ( 10 ), and with at least one of the receiving opening ( 16 ) adjoining wall ( 18 ), through which a receiving space of the electrical machine ( 10 ), in which the shaft is at least partially locatable, is at least partially limited, characterized in that the wall ( 18 ) at least one channel ( 20 ), which at least partially through at least one area ( 22 ) of the wall ( 18 ) closed to the interior and for at least partially receiving at least one line element ( 24 . 34 ) is trained. Bearing shield according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel ( 20 ) as a recess facing away from the interior surface ( 26 ) of the end shield ( 14 ) and to an outside facing away from the interior ( 28 ) of the end shield ( 14 ) is open. Bearing shield according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the channel ( 20 ) opens into the interior via at least passage opening, via which the conduit element ( 24 . 34 ) Is connectable with at least one arranged in the interior component. Bearing shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing plate ( 14 ) a housing element ( 32 ) for an inverter ( 30 ) having. Electric machine with at least one end shield ( 14 ) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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