DE102009048208A1 - Device for combined lathing and milling of workpieces, has spindle carrier accommodating operating spindles, where relative motions between carrier and workpiece table are numerically controlled along spatial coordinate axes - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a spindle carrier (4) for accommodating operating spindles to receive a tool. A workpiece table (6) and the spindle carrier are translationally and relatively moved together along three spatial coordinate axes (X-Z). The spindle carrier is pivoted around a rotation axis (9) by a pivoting device. Relative motions between the spindle carrier and the workpiece table are numerically controlled along the spatial coordinate axes and the rotation axis and a pivoting axis (10). The spindle carrier comprises the rotationally driven and fixed operating spindles. The device is mounted on a frame made of metal sheet and reaction resin concrete.

Description

The invention relates to a device which is suitable for cutting, in particular rotating, milling but also grinding of workpieces with a workpiece table rotatable about a rotation axis and a spindle carrier for receiving at least one machining spindle into which a tool can be received. The workpiece table and the spindle carrier are. along three spatial coordinate axes relative to each other translationally movable and the spindle carrier is pivotable about an axis by means of a pivoting device. The relative movements along the coordinate axes and the rotation and pivot axes between the spindle carrier and the workpiece table are numerically controllable.

Production technology is increasingly developing into so-called complete machining. For this purpose, machining centers or machining centers equipped for automated operation are available. These machining centers are numerically controlled machines with a high degree of automation for the complete machining of components, usually for the combination of different machining methods, such as machining. B. turning, milling and drilling are equipped. To increase functionality, these machining centers are sometimes equipped with rotating and swiveling machine tables, so that they have several axes available for machining. Thus, from the prior art machines are known in which the workpiece is clamped on a workpiece table and can be machined by means of a machining spindle. At the same time, the work table can be rotationally driven for filming.

From the DE 1 552 393 B is a heavy machine tool with a vertically oriented tool carrier known. Below the tool spindle, a horizontally oriented workpiece holder is arranged, which can be driven in the context of turning or milling operations by a main drive. The tool carrier can be moved translationally horizontally and vertically along two coordinate axes, while the workpiece holder is displaceable along a third coordinate axis. The tool carrier is equipped at its lower end with a pivotable about an axis head having a rotatably driven spindle. To carry out milling operations, the tool spindle which can be driven in rotation can be provided with a corresponding milling tool and guided on any spatial path by means of numerically controllable drives. This allows you to create shapes in three dimensions. At the same time, this head can also be used to hold one or more stationary tools. These can then be used to perform rotary operations, for which purpose the workpiece holder is rotationally driven. A revolver head that can be mounted can be used to change various turning tools.

A similar machining center is in the DE 27 39 087 C2 described, in which a tool carrier mounted on a pivotable tool holder is aligned vertically to a workpiece holder. The workpiece holder is translationally displaceable along a horizontal coordinate axis. The tool carrier in turn is vertically and along a second, perpendicular to the first coordinate axis of the workpiece holder translationally displaceable. For turning, the tool carrier has at its lower end a clamping device for a fixed turning tool. With the aid of a tool changer, the corresponding tools can be replaced automatically. For rotary machining, the horizontally oriented workpiece holder is driven in rotation. The milling tool is clamped in the tool spindle and pivoted by means of the pivoting tool holder in the respectively desired working position.

When in the DE 32 36 356 C2 described device sits a horizontal tool spindle on a machine bed and is displaceable by means of a cross slide in the horizontal plane and in the vertical direction. A tool magazine, which is arranged laterally next to the headstock, changes the tools of the tool spindle. The workpiece holder has a horizontal axis of rotation and is rotatable about a second axis of rotation and arranged perpendicular thereto. The special arrangement of the axes of rotation makes it possible to align the workpiece to the tool so that it can be processed under a large angular range.

In such devices, the change of tools for processing takes relatively long. This is due to the individual spindle head, especially the case when different milling tools are to be used. The tool spindle must stop and the tool holder must be moved to a position suitable for the tool change, which means a costly dead time for machining. This requires relatively long changeover times. If, for example, a workpiece requires machining using multiple milling and turning tools in the context of combined tool use, this can only be achieved with time-consuming tool changing operations. Another disadvantage is the necessary movement during the tool change, which by moving the feed mechanism away from the Workpiece and towards the tool changer is characterized. In general, then a complex multi-dimensional movement of the feed mechanism is necessary to realize depending on the tool used the correct alignment of the tool to the workpiece. This can be associated with a significant time delay.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a device which is suitable for machining workpieces, which allows a fast, automatic tool change, but at the same time also significantly reduces the processing time in the context of combined tool insert. In addition, the flexibility with regard to possible complex processing structures is to be improved.

This object is achieved in that the spindle carrier not only has a spindle, but with a variety of both rotatably driven (eg. For milled or grinding) and simultaneously detectable (eg. For rotary machining) machining spindles is equipped. This allows the device to be used ideally for a combination of different machining processes. By a plurality of machining spindles is used, for example, several milling tools can be clamped simultaneously, for example. A change of the tool used is then completed only by a pivoting movement of the spindle carrier, which costs little time compared to conventional systems. By arranging a plurality of spindles on the spindle carrier, in particular, it is possible to use spindles which have different characteristics matched to different processing methods. For example, grinding spindles with high torque and greater smoothness can be used at low speed, while milling and drilling spindles high speeds require low torque and high axial stiffness.

At the same time, however, a possibly necessary changeover time when changing tools is reduced because the pivoting movement of the spindle carrier makes it possible to align the tool to be changed with the tool changer while the tool changer is in position. A time reduction is realized, for example, when two milling tools are necessary. The change of the milling tool requires primarily only a pivoting of the spindle carrier, which is faster than the actual replacement of the tool in conventional systems. In combination with fixed spindles, the system proves to be particularly advantageous. Unlike regular turrets for turning tools, which are limited in terms of turning tools, there is no restriction on the number of usable tools here.

In summary, the system according to the invention offers a high degree of flexibility with regard to the possible processing methods, but at the same time allows a significant reduction of the changeover times.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the workpiece table is rotatable about a horizontal axis and has two translational degrees of freedom along a first horizontal coordinate axis and along a vertical coordinate axis. The spindle carrier has a translatory degree of freedom along a second horizontal coordinate axis and is pivotable about an axis perpendicular to the second horizontal coordinate axis by means of a pivoting device. The possibility of pivotal movement of the machining spindle about a vertical axis and the vertical orientation of the workpiece table, there are particular advantages in terms of chip removal zerspanten material. For example, the degree of contamination decreases with a geometrically indeterminate blade. The horizontal arrangement of the machining spindles gives rise to further advantages with regard to the process-specific requirements of the machining methods, such as, for example, with regard to the supply and handling of cooling lubricant and dynamic properties of the components used.

It proves to be particularly advantageous if the entire apparatus is constructed in an L-shaped manner by aligning the second horizontal coordinate axis perpendicular to the first horizontal coordinate axis. In particular, in connection with the spindle carrier thereby the machine bed for the operator but also for the workpiece changer is easily accessible, since the workpiece for the change process comes to the operator. This brings a significant assembly time reduction and improves the clarity of the entire machine concept.

A particularly high strength of the device is achieved when the device is mounted on a frame whose components are preferably made of composite materials, in particular sheet metal and reactive resin concrete. As other possible feedstock, for example, welded steel sheet, cast iron or the like are used for the main body.

High flexibility and efficiency of machining are achieved when the machining spindles, in particular during workpiece machining, can be aligned such that the axis of the machining tool spindles and the axis of rotation of the workpiece table in the pivot plane of the spindle carrier can be aligned at any angle to each other. Active pivotal movement in conjunction with the numerically controlled interpolation movements of the device along the remaining rotational and translational degrees of freedom offers high accuracy in terms of processing spatially complex shapes. This applies both to machining processes such as milling, as well as for rotary machining, the spindle carrier basically also includes a device for rotatably fixing the spindle carrier when a high degree of strength in the tool receiving area is required and the machining spindles can be equipped with turning tools.

In a further development of this inventive idea, it is also provided that the machining spindles on the spindle carrier are aligned differently to the workpiece when they are positioned on the workpiece. Fast machining sequences and a sufficiently high quality of machining can be realized in particular if the axes of at least two machining spindles on the spindle carrier are aligned with one another such that during rotation of the spindle carrier the axis of the one machining spindle is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece table in the machining position on the workpiece is and the axis of the other machining spindle is aligned in the same processing position perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece table. This makes it possible that only by pivoting the spindle carrier two different orientations of a tool relative to a workpiece are possible. It is therefore no complex feed movement of the delivery device necessary, but the delivery can be completed without costly tool change in no time by simply panning. This idea of the invention also encompasses further machining spindles which can be aligned in any way with the workpiece. As a result, fast delivery operations are possible. This arrangement is particularly advantageous in conjunction with various tools that can be delivered quickly and effectively depending on the processing method in optimum alignment with the workpiece.

A further advantageous embodiment includes machining spindles which have possibilities for receiving grinding tools. In particular, by the differently realizable alignments of one or more machining spindle axes to the workpiece axis of rotation different grinding methods, such as. Plan, profile grinding and Innenrund- and outer cylindrical grinding can be integrated in a device and quickly changed if necessary by pivoting the spindle carrier. Ideally, in particular in connection with grinding tools a workpiece can be completely finished, the machining z. B. includes the operations of turning, milling and grinding, without time-consuming tool changes are necessary. The offered degrees of freedom always guarantee a high degree of accuracy in the machining processes due to the offered position and interpolation movements.

In a further development of the concept of the invention, it is further provided that the machining spindles each have a device for supplying cooling lubricant, which contributes in an ideal manner to the chip removal and to the improvement of the machining result.

In particular with regard to grinding devices, it proves to be advantageous if at least one device for conditioning grinding tools, such as a dressing or profile roller device, is provided. This conditioning can then include the profiling or reprofiling of grinding wheels, but also the dressing of grinding wheels between successive steps.

The work table, which can be used in principle as a rotary spindle, as a rotary table, and as a position and interpolation axis, is particularly effective when it is stored hydrostatically. For the various processing methods, the use of a torque motor has proved to be particularly effective as a rotary drive for the workpiece table.

Since the spindle carrier is equipped with a plurality of machining spindles, a tool magazine according to the invention is arranged next to the spindle carrier, which provides a tool changer for the replacement of the tools of the machining spindles. The machining spindles are preferably perpendicular to the tool changer in a tool change position. By arranging the spindles in advance, minimal tool change times can be achieved and thus the non-productive times can be significantly reduced. Tool change times do not lead to an extension of the entire machining time in this way.

Furthermore, the spindle carrier can also be equipped with devices for welding, deep rolling or other joining, cutting and forming processes. Thus, the device for a variety of processing methods can be used, for the implementation of a high accuracy and rigidity of the machine tool is needed.

A particularly high degree of machining flexibility and possibilities for machining complex shapes are offered if the individual spindles on the spindle carrier additionally are formed rotatably pivotable, whereby this pivoting operation can be numerically controlled.

From the point of view of combined machining, the device according to the invention offers an advantageous concept for the complete combination of a wide variety of machining methods on a single machine tool.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment and the drawing. All described and / or illustrated features alone or in any combination form the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their combination in the claims or their dependency.

Show it:

1 the device according to the invention in a plan view (ZX),

2 the device according to 1 from a side view (XY),

3 the device according to 1 from another side view (ZY),

4 the device according to 2 viewed from the opposite direction (ZY) and

5a , b possible grinding operations on a workpiece.

In the 1 in a plan view ZX illustrated device 1 for particular combined turning / milling of workpieces has a frame 2 on, which is characterized by an L-shaped basic structure of the machine concept.

Along first linear guides 3 is a spindle carrier 4 translationally movable along the Z-axis. The spindle carrier 4 opposite is a pillar 5 arranged in which a workpiece table 6 is mounted with a device for receiving workpieces. The pillar 5 is about second linear guides 7 movable along the X-axis. In addition, the device 1 an input and control device 8th for the numerical control and regulation of the device 1 on. Means of the input and control device 8th can the spindle carrier 4 on the Z-axis the workpiece table 6 be supplied. This movement serves on the one hand the delivery of the tools during processing, but at the same time as an axis for positioning and interpolation, in particular in combination with a movement of the column 5 with the workpiece table 6 along the X-axis. The spindle carrier 4 is about a rotation axis 9 rotatably mounted and pivotable by means of a drive unit, not shown. The workpiece table 6 is about a rotation axis 10 rotatably mounted and can via a torque motor 11 be driven, whereby a sufficient workpiece speed can be ensured both in turning, hard turning and grinding operations. The same applies to the torque motor 11 used to that with respect to the axis of rotation 10 of the workpiece table 6 , high positioning and interpolation accuracy is achieved during machining. In the 1 The device shown shows the column 5 or the workpiece table 6 in the exchange position 12 of the workpiece. Along the X axis becomes the pillar 5 in the processing position 13 driven, in which the axis of rotation of the workpiece table 10 and the translation axis of the spindle carrier 4 along the in 1 represented Z-axis are substantially one above the other.

The translatory degree of freedom of the spindle carrier 4 along the Z axis serves both the feed movement of the tools to the workpiece but also as a possible movement to a tool changer, not shown.

2 shows the device 1 from a side view (XY). It becomes clear in 2 the basic structure of the frame, which consists of a solid floor assembly 14 and columnar scaffolding elements 15 exists, with the entire device 1 by positioning elements 16 , in particular wedge shoes, is effectively stored and damped. At the pillar 5 are third linear guides 17 mounted along which the workpiece table 6 along its second translational degree of freedom (Y-axis) vertical to the delivery of the workpiece during machining, as well as for the vertical positioning of the workpiece in general, can be moved. The spindle carrier 4 is on a spindle column 18 rotatable about the axis of rotation 9 stored. On the spindle carrier 4 are a first machining spindle 19 and a second machining spindle 20 arranged, wherein the spindle axes is aligned horizontally in the illustrated embodiment.

Another side view (ZY) shows 3 , in particular the alignment of the machining spindles 19 and 20 revealed to each other. The first spindle 19 is in 3 aligned so that the spindle axis of the machining spindle 19 is at an angle to the Z-axis. At the in 3 illustrated left end of the machining spindle 19 is a tool 21 mounted in the form of a milling tool. At the second machining spindle 20 again there is a tool 22 in the form of a grinding wheel. The spindle axis of the second machining spindle 20 lies perpendicular to the feed axis of the spindle column 18 , the Z-axis. This is the spindle axis of the machining spindle 20 also perpendicular to the axis of rotation 10 of the workpiece table. Will the spindle carrier 4 now about the axis of rotation 9 so far pivoted that the first machining spindle 19 comes in machining position to the workpiece, then the spindle axis of the machining spindle 19 , unlike the spindle axis of the machining spindle 20 parallel to the axis of rotation 10 of the workpiece table. In this way, the combination of different processing methods from different processing positions is possible. The change between the machining positions is by simply pivoting the spindle carrier 4 around the axis of rotation 9 possible. At the pillar 5 at the workpiece table 10 is vertically displaceable, there is a dressing or Profileinrollvorrichtung 23 for conditioning or re-profiling of the grinding wheels.

The device off 3 is in 4 shown again from the opposite direction. Clearly visible is the dressing device 23 , the tool 21 on the first machining spindle 19 and the grinding wheel 22 at the second spindle 20 , In 4 In addition to the three basic coordinate axes X, Y, Z and the possible translational and rotational degrees of freedom for a machining operation using the arrows 24 to 28 shown. As part of a combined machining, especially for complex shapes, a workpiece, not shown, by means of a clamping device on the workpiece table 6 curious; excited. Along the X and Y axes and rotational around the axis of rotation 10 of the workpiece table 6 the workpiece is first moved to the machining position. Also, the corresponding machining spindle along the Z axis and rotational about the axis of rotation 9 brought into machining position.

During processing, the individual elements of the device 1 along the offered degrees of freedom, preferably numerically controlled and controlled, are moved.

Thus, the machining spindle in question while translating in the arrow directions 24 to be moved. In the same way, however, the workpiece can also be horizontal along the directions 25 (X-axis) and vertically along the directions 26 to be moved. In particular, complex shapes are possible by virtue of a rotary interpolation movement during processing 27 can be realized about the axis of rotation of the workpiece table. In the same way, however, a rotational interpolation movement can also be used 28 around the axis of rotation 9 of the spindle carrier 4 be done. The combination of controlled degrees of freedom makes it possible to process very complex shapes. By the degrees of freedom and in particular by the different orientations of the spindles 19 and 20 on the spindle carrier 4 allows the spindle axis of the respective machining spindle at any angle to the axis of rotation 10 of the workpiece table 6 align.

4 shows the second machining spindle 20 in machining position while the first spindle 19 away from the actual workpiece. This position can be used as a workpiece change position, which means that when the second machining spindle 20 in machining position, the first machining spindle 19 at the same time at its workpiece change position and only needs to be moved away from the workpiece for the tool change the spindle carrier.

In 5 are exemplary possible grinding machining a workpiece 29 shown. In 5a is exemplary oscillating surface grinding by means of a suitable tool 22 shown on the second machining spindle. The axis of the tool 22 runs essentially parallel to the X-axis. The 5b again shows a Innenrundschleifvorgang in which the tool 21 the first machining spindle in the interior of the tool piece 29 is arranged and the inside of the workpiece 29 sanded. The axis of the tool 21 runs essentially perpendicular to the X-axis, ie parallel to the Z-axis.

Only on the basis of the illustrated degrees of freedom in conjunction with the advantageous embodiment of a multi-spindle head such work time and cost savings are possible. From the point of view of combined machining, the present invention thus offers a concept for the complete combination of different machining methods on a machine tool.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

processing device

2

frame

3

first linear guides

4

spindle carrier

5

pillar

6

Worktable

7

second linear guides

8th

Input and control device

9

Rotary axis spindle carrier

10

Rotary axis workpiece table

11

drive unit

12

Workpiece change position

13

Workpiece machining position

14

underbody

15

frame members

16

rack storage

17

Third linear guide

18

spindle column

19

first machining spindle

20

second machining spindle

21

Tool of the first machining spindle

22

Tool of the second machining spindle

23

dressing

24

translatory interpolation movement spindle carrier

25

translatory horizontal interpolation movement workpiece table

26

translatory vertical interpolation movement workpiece table

27

Rotatory interpolation movement workpiece table

28

Rotatory interpolation movement spindle carrier

29

workpiece

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 1552393 B [0003]
• DE 2739087 C2 [0004]
• DE 3236356 C2 [0005]

Claims (15)

Device suitable for machining workpieces with a rotation axis ( 10 ) rotatable workpiece table ( 6 ) and a spindle carrier ( 4 ) for receiving at least one machining spindle ( 19 . 20 ) for receiving a tool ( 21 . 22 ), wherein the workpiece table ( 6 ) and the spindle carrier ( 4 ) along three spatial coordinate axes (X, Y, Z) are translationally movable relative to each other, wherein the spindle carrier ( 4 ) by means of a pivoting device about an axis ( 9 ) is pivotable, and wherein relative movements between the spindle carrier ( 4 ) and the workpiece table ( 6 ) along the coordinate axes (X, Y, Z) and the pivot axes ( 9 . 10 ) are numerically controllable, characterized in that the spindle carrier ( 9 ) has a plurality of rotary drivable and lockable machining spindles. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece table ( 6 ) about a horizontal axis ( 10 ) is rotatable and has two translatory degrees of freedom along a first horizontal coordinate axis (X) and along a vertical coordinate axis (Y) and that the spindle carrier ( 4 ) has a translatory degree of freedom along a second horizontal coordinate axis (Z) and about an axis ( 9 ) is pivotable perpendicular to the second horizontal coordinate axis (Z). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the second horizontal coordinate axis (Z) is aligned perpendicular to the first horizontal coordinate axis (X). Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that device on a frame ( 2 ), whose components are preferably made of composite materials, in particular sheet metal and reactive resin concrete. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining spindles ( 4 ), in particular during workpiece machining, are alignable such that the spindle axis of the machining tool spindle ( 19 . 20 ) and the axis of rotation ( 10 ) of the workpiece table ( 6 ) in the pivoting plane of the spindle carrier ( 4 ) are aligned at an arbitrary angle to each other. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axes of at least two machining spindles ( 19 . 20 ) on the spindle carrier ( 4 ) are aligned with each other such that upon rotation of the spindle carrier ( 4 ) the axis of a machining spindle ( 19 ) in processing position parallel to the axis of rotation ( 10 ) of the workpiece table ( 6 ) and that the axis of the other machining spindle ( 20 ) in machining position senkecht to the axis of rotation ( 10 ) of the workpiece table ( 6 ) is aligned. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining spindles ( 19 . 20 ) Have options for receiving rotary tools and that the spindle carrier ( 4 ) can be fixed. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining spindles ( 19 . 20 ) Have options for holding abrasive tools. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining spindles ( 19 . 20 ) have a means for supplying cooling lubricant. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises at least one device for conditioning ( 23 ) of grinding tools, such as a dresser or profile roller device. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the workpiece table ( 6 ) is stored hydrostatically. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the workpiece table ( 6 ) by a torque motor ( 11 ) is drivable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to the spindle carrier ( 4 ) a tool magazine with a tool changer for the exchange of the tools of the machining spindles ( 19 . 20 ) and that the machining spindles ( 19 . 20 ) are preferably perpendicular to the tool changer in a tool change position. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spindle carrier ( 4 ) is designed for receiving devices for welding, deep rolling or other joining, separating and forming processes. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual machining spindles ( 19 . 20 ) on the spindle carrier ( 4 ) are formed rotatably pivotable.

Images