DE102008024055A1 - Bearing element, particularly bearing ring for roller bearing, sliding bearing or linear guide for use in power engineering including ocean current and transportation of raw materials, comprises support element and functional element - Google Patents

Abstract

A bearing element comprises a support element (9) and a functional element (19). The functional element is made from other material than the support element. The bearing element is formed as a bearing inner ring or bearing outer ring, the support element is formed as a support ring (10) and the functional element is formed as a functional ring (20). The support ring is formed from ring segments (14), where the functional ring is formed from functional ring segments (24).

Description

Field of the invention

The The present invention relates to a bearing, in particular a plain bearing, a spherical plain bearing, a linear guide or a rolling bearing, with function-related material composite.

Some Fields of application of bearings, for example of rolling bearings, require high demands on their corrosion resistance. For example, rolling bearings become corrosive in certain applications Media, eg. As seawater, acids, alkalis or cleaning chemicals exposed. For other applications, eg. In the food industry or for pumps, dry running suitability of the bearings is required. In the field of chemical plants is a suitability for media lubrication, especially by aggressive and / or corrosive media required. Further requirements arise in the field of live voltage Products, eg. B. at railway camps.

resistance against organic growth (fouling resistance) is in long-term use in fresh or salt water or in wet / wet Atmosphere required.

Further Requirements concern the ease of maintenance and the possibility the cost-effective repair as possible without replacement of the entire rolling bearing. Overall, the rolling bearing over its life cause the least possible cost.

by virtue of The diverse requirements will be a variety of different Used bearing materials. Usually, rolling bearings made of chrome steel. He is very tough, but comparatively slightly rusting. The steel grade 100Cr6 (material no. 1.3505). This is a steel with a content of about 1% carbon and 1.5% chromium, a so-called bearing steel. Many curable Steels, in particular rolling bearing steels, are not "stainless", but only for corrosion resistant for a period of time.

For Applications in corrosive environments will also harden Steels X65Cr13 (material No. 1.4037) and X30CrMoN15-1 (Material No. 1.4108) compared to roller bearing steels or other hardenable steels an improved Have corrosion resistance. For applications In strongly corrosive environment are also bearings of so-called non-rusting Steel, z. B. AlSi440C known.

For special operating conditions are bearings made entirely of ceramic (eg silicon nitride) and hybrid bearings where the bearing rings made of steel, the ceramic rolling elements (eg silicon nitride) exist. Bearings made of plastic with rolling elements made of glass are used in aggressive media, eg. As acids or Alkalis used. The latter bearings are only for applications with low load capacity requirements.

To improve the properties of rolling bearings, it is also state of the art to produce the bearing components, in particular the bearing rings, by combining several different materials. To realize this, various techniques are used. Among others, galvanic corrosion protection coatings, z. B. applied to Zn-based. Furthermore, wear protection layers, such. B. TiN applied. Further, when insulation is required against electrically live parts, thermally sprayed ceramic insulation layers such. B. Al ₂ O ₃ used. Furthermore, paints based on silicone or epoxy resins or even copper-containing compounds are used.

Exemplary here is the DE 10 2004 035 212 A1 called, which provides that in a rolling bearing, which comprises at least one inner ring and an outer ring and between them arranged in raceways rolling elements, the raceway of the inner ring and the raceway of the outer ring each with a rolling elements to the inner and outer ring spaced holding and manufactured separately Covering are provided or formed by such a covering, wherein the coverings have embedded in a resin matrix polytetrafluoroethylene fabric (PTFE fabric).

The DE 25 18 789 A1 describes a low cost rolling bearing in which a composite rolling bearing ring is provided which is comprised of a relatively thin metallic web member, a relatively thin metallic support member, and a compliant packing interconnecting the web member and the support member.

The previous solutions according to the prior art each have specific disadvantages. For example, coatings and coatings as well as polymer-based coatings are only partially reusable by rolling elements. There is a risk of the formation of cracks and flaking. At these damaged areas and also on open pores, there is no protective effect. Due to the size of the coating system, PVD or CVD coatings can only be economically produced up to a limited size. For galvanic coatings increases the equipment cost for the production of Coating strongly with increasing bearing size. Furthermore, the media and corrosion resistance of uncoated, corrosion resistant steels is insufficient for certain applications. At the same time, such corrosion resistant steels are very expensive. Bearing rings made of full ceramic are production and cost-related also only to a limited storage size economically produced and also very expensive overall. Overall, there is also no material in the state of the art which meets all the requirements mentioned.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, a structure for to provide a warehouse that meets the above Requirements are sufficient and in particular technically as well economical for use in power engineering, z. B. ocean current, wave, wind or tidal power plants, or in the offshore technology, especially in the promotion of raw materials such as oil or natural gas or in pumps and other conveyors, but also in the other above Fields of application is suitable. Furthermore, the bearing is particularly wear-resistant, easy to maintain and as cost-effective as possible to be repaired.

According to the invention This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims solved. In the dependent claims are advantageous Embodiments and improvements of the invention.

One Inventive bearing element comprises a carrier element and a functional element, wherein the functional element at least in the area of the bearing raceway of a different material than that Carrier element is, characterized in that at least one of the functional element and the carrier element at least two segments joined together.

at a bearing element according to the invention are two Parts, namely a carrier element and a functional element combined because of the different areas of the bearing element different loads occur. So is the warehouse career in Essentially stressed on wear. additionally can in a rolling bearing high surface pressures act on the bearing raceway through the rolling elements. Furthermore, when used in aggressive media, there is also one here Corrosion resistance required. Therefore, it is beneficial here to provide special materials. The part of the bearing element, on to which the rolling elements do not roll off immediately, or not on friction, as in the case of a convoy camp can be claimed in the present invention advantageous from another, z. B. a less high-quality and therefore less expensive Material are produced. Furthermore, sometimes it is not advantageous the entire bearing element due to its large cross-sections or to manufacture its shape from the material intended for the bearing career is required. According to the invention the carrier element and the functional element as segments be configured by the bearing element by installing the individual segments is formed piecewise, giving more flexibility with regard to the manufacturability of the segments (manufacturing process, z. No size limitation) as well as the installation allows the bearing element according to the invention. Furthermore, thus the exchange of individual segments is made possible. So individual functional element segments can be exchanged, if they are worn or damaged. Often occur damage, z. B. as so-called Pittings not over the entire peripheral area (in the case of a rotation bearing) on and It may therefore be advantageous to individual functional element segments exchange. Furthermore, but also the carrier element by external influences, such. B. aggressive Media are damaged and it is then advantageous if individual segments can be exchanged without the entire support element must be renewed.

The both parts of the bearing element, the support element and the functional element or the respective segments of the carrier and / or functional element, are structurally independent of each other and are only combined during assembly to the bearing element, wherein the carrier element is attached to the functional element is.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention is the bearing element formed as a bearing inner ring or bearing outer ring, wherein the carrier element is formed as a carrier ring and the functional element is formed as a functional ring and wherein the Carrier ring is formed from ring segments and / or the Function ring is formed from functional ring segments.

The Inventive bearing elements can formed both as a bearing outer ring and as a bearing inner ring become. The bearing rings can both as a continuous ring or consisting of a plurality of ring segments which are spaced apart or adjoin one another, be designed. Ring segments found especially for bearings with large diameters application. Of the shown construction allows that according to the Requirements for the respective area in the warehouse materials with matched properties can be used. Furthermore, it is possible, with a bearing base structure by Use of specific functional rings to adapt to different To enable applications. The camp is thus modular, taking into account the specific Requirements composed.

According to a preferred embodiment According to the invention, the functional ring has at least one boundary layer, in particular a functional coating, and / or the carrier ring has at least one carrier ring edge layer, in particular a functional coating. Such coatings have various advantages for the carrier ring and the functional ring. For the functional ring coatings are here rather provided, which reduce friction or wear resistant. The coating on the functional ring should be rollover-resistant due to the rolling rolling elements at least in the region of the raceway of the rolling elements. In the area of the carrier ring especially anti-corrosive layers, paints or paints are advantageous if the bearing aggressive media such. B. seawater, acids, alkalis or solvents is exposed. These anti-corrosive layers on the support ring must, since this is done no rolling of the rolling elements, be less or not roll-over.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention is the carrier ring edge layer a chemically or electroplated nickel or chromium layer or one deposited by physical vapor deposition Coating. Particularly preferably, the carrier ring edge layer or surface layer of paints or paints with Corrosion protection and antifouling effect, as z. B. in shipbuilding or used in the off-shore technique; preferred base material the carrier ring on which this edge or surface layer is applied is steel or carbide. The carrier ring is particularly preferably at least partially seawater resistant austenitic steel, preferably of tempered steel or seawater-resistant bronze, high-strength plastic, if necessary, fiber-reinforced plastic sintered material or ceramic educated. These design variants are particularly resistant to corrosion and allow use in seawater, z. B. in camps turbines in tidal, marine or wave power plants. Depending on the requirement for corrosion resistance and Boundary conditions of the embodiment may with reference to the above listed, selected according to the invention Materials also on low-cost carrier ring materials (eg plastic, tempered steel) become. Thus, the economic aspect of o. G. task solved.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention is the functional ring at least partially preferred from bearing steel, especially preferably from a nitrogen-alloyed and / or thermochemical and / or thermally treated, martensitic curing, corrosion resistant and - for rolling bearings and linear units - roll-resistant steel, for example made of steel X30CrMoN15-1 ("Cronidur") or one highly alloyed, thermally or thermochemically near the surface treated steel with a chromium content of at least 13%, z. B. X20Cr13, X45Cr13 or X65Cr13 or ceramic or a metal-ceramic composite material or a cemented carbide or a powder metallurgy produced Alloy or a non-crystalline (= amorphous) or a semi-crystalline metal or austenitic stainless steel with a hard material content greater than 30% or austenitic, stainless, thermomechanically solidified or thermochemical treated steel alloys z. X5CrNi18-10 and X6CrNiMo-17-12-2. produced.

Of the o. g. Cronidur steel is a stainless iron-chromium-molybdenum steel for highly stressed components. The material number / DIN code is 1.4108. It is characterized by a high hardness and Strength with good impact bending, excellent corrosion resistance in the hardened and relaxed state, as well as good corrosion properties in the hardened and tempered state (up to a maximum of 500 ° C). An o. G. inventive martensitic curing High-performance steel with a chromium content of at least 13% by a thermochemical treatment according to the invention a high surface hardness and at the same time a high corrosion and media resistance. The latter is comparable to that of the material cronidur. Steels of the alloy X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 or X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 are higher alloyed, austenitic stainless steels that are seawater resistant. If one modifies these steels according to the invention in such a way, that they contain a content of hard materials, eg. Carbides, of at least 30 vol.%, These steels are characterized by the clear increased hardness overrolling while retaining their corrosion resistance. The combination of roll resistance and Corrosion resistance is also according to the invention achieved by the o. g. special thermomechanical hardening the corresponding austenitic steels.

Examples for - depending on the manufacturing and cooling conditions - amorphous or semi-crystalline solidifying alloys, those of the young material class belong to the so-called metallic glasses are Zr61,7Al8Ni13Cu17Sn0,3 or (Cu0.6Hf0.25Ti0.15) 90Nb10, or Ni53Nb20Ti10Zr8Co6Cu3 or Fe37-50Y1.5 (remainder: Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, C, B), data in atom% in each case. According to the invention, the unique property combination metallic glasses made of corrosion resistance, high strength, fracture toughness and very high elasticity used. Depending on the special requirement profile of the bearing element and its design and the manufacturing technique you access the corresponding Metal glass alloy back. The listed alloy examples are not exclusive.

Of the Functional material should be used for rolling bearing and linear applications permanently larger at a surface pressure 1000 MPa roll-over and generally for all Applications a fracture toughness of at least 6 MPa m - 1/2 possess, to occurring notch stresses from the operation, the production or to be able to withstand joining operations.

According to a preferred embodiment, the functional ring in the region of the bearing raceway consists at least partially of a fracture-resistant, z. As nanostructured ceramic based on Si ₃ N ₄ , SiC, Al ₂ o ₃ or ZrO ₂ or a combination thereof. For the functional ring, such a ceramic is chosen according to this embodiment, since it is both resistant to corrosion, in particular resistant to seawater, and durable at a surface pressure greater than 1000 MPa / m ^{2 is} roll-over. In addition, this material is characterized in that it has a relatively high fracture toughness, so that occurring notch stresses from the operation, manufacturing or assembly can be accommodated. An outstanding feature of the ceramics mentioned above is their excellent wear resistance, which is based on the high hardness of these materials (Mohs hardness> 7 or Vickers HV hardness> 1000).

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the surface layer the functional ring, which is made of metal, in particular steel, particularly preferably metal carbide, preferably diamond-like carbon or metal carbide together with diamond-like carbon. A such coating may be at temperatures less than 240 ° C be applied. This offers the advantage of having a functional ring made of a temperature-sensitive, low-alloyed steel in the hardened and annealed condition when coating no unwanted Phase changes occur. The substrate hardness and the fatigue properties of the functional ring not affected. Nevertheless, one will reach out Adherence, as required for rolling bearings, achieved and by the special nature of the surface layer (eg wear resistance) Increases the requirement-related functionality of the component.

According to one preferred embodiment are the carrier ring and the functional ring particularly preferably by a screw connection, preferably by a gluing, sintering, clamping, shrinking, rolling, welding, Soldering, or a rivet connection or a combination of connected connection types. The screw connection offers the advantage that the functional ring, or the functional ring segments from the carrier ring or carrier ring segments can be solved and so an exchange possible is. Especially with large camps in aggressive media, such as z. B. seawater when using the inventive Camp in tidal, wave or current power plants is the replacement of individual functional ring segments advantageous because in case of wear or if a functional hazard Fouling of storage areas with marine organisms (so-called fouling) has taken place, not the entire warehouse needs to be replaced. This saves time and costs.

According to one preferred embodiment is particularly preferred on Carrier ring, preferably on the functional ring at least one detachable Sacrificial anode element mounted electrically conductive, consisting of a Material consists of that in the electrochemical voltage series lower standard potential than particularly preferred the functional ring and preferably has the carrier ring. Since the invention Bearings are also preferred in tidal, wave or current power plants is to be used and not consistently corrosion-resistant materials can or should be used, the corrosion protection not restricted to corrosion protection layers. a effective corrosion protection offer here sacrificial anodes. In a watery environment form the opera anode element and the carrier ring or functional ring a local element in which the sacrificial anode dissolves and thus the nobler metal of the carrier ring and functional ring preserved from corrosion. According to the invention For this sacrificial anodes of aluminum, magnesium or zinc provided.

One Inventive bearing has at least one inventive Bearing element, wherein the edge layer of the functional element media-resistant, especially in seawater is corrosion resistant. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention provide at least a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring of the bearing a Pairing is preferred. In the case of a sliding bearing, the functional element is preferred formed as a ceramic insert. There are one or more ceramic inserts preferably used in the carrier ring. The ceramic insert can also be on the outside of an inner bearing ring located to with the bearing outer ring to a sliding pair form. As ceramic material, the above-mentioned break-resistant Ceramic types provided.

The Invention will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures of the drawing closer explained.

From show the figures:

1 a cross-sectional view of a bearing according to the invention with two bearing elements according to the invention with functional rings according to a first embodiment;

2 a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a bearing according to the invention with bearing elements with functional rings;

3 a schematic spatial representation of a portion of a bearing element according to the invention with a carrier ring segment and a functional ring segment.

In In the figures, the same reference numerals designate the same or the same function Components, unless stated otherwise.

1 shows a cross-sectional view of a bearing according to the invention 1 with two bearing elements according to the invention 5 with functional rings 20 according to a first embodiment. A bearing outer ring 50 is pictured above and forms a carrier ring 10 as a carrier element 9 , A bearing inner ring 40 further below also forms a carrier ring 10 , Between a roller-shaped rolling element 60 and the bearing outer ring 50 is a functional ring 20 as a functional element 19 arranged. Between the rolling element 60 and the bearing inner ring 40 is also a functional ring 20 arranged. The functional ring 20 between bearing outer ring and rolling element is laterally of a fixing ring 30 limited. The functional rings 20 exhibit in the area of the bearing raceways 21 one edge layer each 22 on.

The outer functional ring 20 that is between the bearing outer ring 50 and the rolling elements 60 is arranged, is between the bearing outer ring 50 and the fixation ring 30 fixed while the functional ring 20 between the bearing inner ring 40 and the rolling elements 60 It is held in position by the bearing inner ring 40 z. B. is glued or soldered or clamped. When operating the rolling bearing 1 turn the bearing outer ring 50 and the bearing inner ring 40 relative to each other. The functional rings rotate 20 with the respective bearing ring 40 . 50 to which they are attached with. The rolling elements 60 run on bearing tracks 21 the functional rings 20 , The functional rings 20 each have a particular edge layer in this embodiment 22 in the area of the bearing career on. This is to ensure the lowest possible rolling resistance, low wear or high corrosion resistance. Such a boundary layer 22 is particularly resistant to wear and is z. B. formed based on metal carbides or titanium nitride.

2 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a bearing according to the invention 1 with bearing elements 5 with functional rings 20 , In this embodiment, it is a deep groove ball bearing with spherical rolling elements 60 , A solid functional ring 20 is as a raceway insert in a bearing inner ring 40 arranged. At the bearing outer ring 50 is a band-shaped functional ring in this embodiment 20 arranged. The operation corresponds to that of the embodiment 1 ,

3 shows a schematic spatial representation of a part of a bearing element according to the invention 5 with a ring segment 14 a carrier ring 10 and a functional ring segment 24 a functional ring 20 , The carrier ring 10 and the functional ring 20 are not as a continuous ring, but from several ring segments 14 . 24 , which are spaced or adjacent to each other formed. Such ring segments are mainly used for bearings with large diameters application. The individual ring segments 14 of the carrier ring 10 be in this embodiment z. B. releasably bolted together. This gives you the opportunity to exchange them. It is also possible only the functional ring 20 from individual functional ring segments 24 form, which on a one-piece support ring 10 be attached. Is a functional ring segment 24 worn out, it can be exchanged. The functional ring segments 24 are for this purpose detachable on the support ring 10 attached, z. B. so screwed or just inserted it. Is on the carrier ring segment 14 here is a sacrificial anode element 70 electrically conductive, which serves as corrosion protection for the ring segment 14 respectively. 24 acts.

Even though the present invention with reference to preferred embodiments described herein, it is not limited thereto but modifiable in many ways.

1

camp

5

bearing element

9

support element

10

support ring

12

Carrier ring surface layer

14

ring segment

19

functional element

20

function ring

21

Bearing race

22

boundary layer

24

Function ring segment

30

fixing

40

Bearing inner ring

50

Bearing outer ring

60

rolling elements

70

Sacrificial anode element

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 102004035212 A1 [0009]
• DE 2518789 A1 [0010]

Claims (15)

Bearing element ( 5 ), in particular bearing ring for a rolling bearing, sliding bearing or a linear guide, wherein the bearing element ( 5 ) a carrier element ( 9 ) and a functional element ( 19 ), wherein the functional element ( 19 ) at least in the area of the bearing ( 21 ) of a different material than the carrier element ( 9 ), characterized in that at least one of the functional element ( 19 ) and the carrier element ( 9 ) consists of at least two segments joined together. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing element as a bearing inner ring ( 40 ) or bearing outer ring ( 50 ) is formed, wherein the carrier element ( 9 ) as a carrier ring ( 10 ) is formed and the functional element ( 19 ) as a functional ring ( 20 ) and wherein the carrier ring ( 10 ) of ring segments ( 14 ) is formed and / or the functional ring ( 20 ) from functional ring segments ( 24 ) is formed. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the functional ring ( 20 ) at least one boundary layer ( 22 ), in particular a functional coating and / or the carrier ring ( 10 ) at least one carrier ring edge layer ( 12 ), in particular having a functional coating. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one boundary layer ( 22 ) is wear-resistant and / or roll-over. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one boundary layer ( 12 ) is corrosion-protective and / or protects against organic growth (fouling). Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one support ring edge layer ( 12 ) is a paint. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one support ring edge layer ( 12 ) and / or at least one boundary layer ( 22 ) is a chemically or electrodeposited nickel or chromium layer or a deposited by physical vapor deposition coating, in particular a diamond-like coating or a metal carbide layer. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rolling bearing ( 1 ) is a radial bearing, a thrust bearing or an element of a linear guide. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier ring ( 10 ) is at least partially formed of seawater-resistant austenitic steel and / or tempered steel and / or seawater-resistant bronze and / or high-strength plastic and / or fiber-reinforced plastic and / or sintered material and / or ceramic. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional ring ( 20 ) consists at least partially of bearing steel, a corrosion-resistant steel, in particular a nitrogen-alloyed and / or thermochemically and / or thermally treated, martensitic hardening, corrosion-resistant steel or a ceramic or a metal-ceramic composite material or a hard metal or of a powder metallurgy alloy or austenitic steel with a hard material content greater than 30% or austenitic, stainless, thermomechanically solidified or thermochemically treated steel is formed. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional ring ( 20 ) in the area of the bearing career ( 21 ) consists at least partially of a fracture-resistant ceramic based on Si ₃ N ₄ , SiC, Al ₂ O ₃ or ZrO ₂ or a combination thereof. Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier ring ( 10 ) and the functional ring ( 20 ) are connected to each other by an adhesive and / or sintering and / or clamping and / or shrinking and / or welding and / or soldering and / or riveting and / or screw connection and / or rolling or a combination thereof , Bearing element ( 5 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the carrier ring and / or on the functional ring at least one sacrificial anode element ( 70 ) is made electrically conductive, which consists of a material which has a lower standard potential in the electrochemical voltage series than the functional ring ( 20 ) and / or the carrier ring ( 10 ) having. Slide bearing with a bearing element ( 5 ), wherein the bearing element ( 5 ) a carrier element ( 9 ) and a functional element ( 19 ), wherein at least one of the functional element ( 19 ) and the carrier element ( 9 ) of at least two together segments and where the functional element ( 19 ) at least in the area of the bearing ( 21 ) is formed as a ceramic insert. Bearings, in particular rolling bearings, plain bearings, spherical plain bearings or linear guide, comprising at least one bearing element according to one of claims 1 to 13.