DE102007062957A1 - Power supply line and lighting fixture e.g. lamp, communication providing method, for e.g. building automation, involves executing control sequence based on potential sequence, while maintaining protective conductor at constant potential - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves arranging a transmitter (51) in a communicative connection with a power distributor. Data are transmitted between the transmitter and an end circuit. The transmitter and the end circuit designed with a receiver are brought in communicative connection by two power supply lines (L, L', N, N') for power supply and by a protective conductor (PE). Execution of a control sequence is started by the receiver based on a potential sequence of the lines, while maintaining the protective conductor at a constant potential. An independent claim is also included for a communication system for communication of a power supply line and a lighting fixture.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method for a conducted Communication, in particular via supply lines. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an end-side supply network, the to resort to a method according to the invention can.

Supply grids are usually widely branched networks with a variety of energy sources that in particular AC power supplies for consumer networks provide. Despite high network security there there are always states where in the end user network not the sufficient energy supplied from the mains AC voltage can be. As a rule, the mains AC voltage is a sine AC voltage or an AC voltage that is sinusoidal, harmonic and monofrequent. To the energy supply in the end consumer network ensure there are numerous fallback solutions known with DC voltages, both pulsed and permanent DC voltages or line DC voltages, in the event of a power failure or a Supporting network power supply reduction.

Especially in lighting systems in publicly accessible buildings, it is important that in emergencies or in the event of failure or reduction of the central supply energy sufficient emergency or emergency lighting for safe evacuation of individual building areas, building sections or even the entire building is kept. For this purpose, it is well known to hold special lighting means or lighting fixtures that can be reliably switched on and deliberately targeted in the event of a detected special operating condition. Thus, the selective switching on and off of lighting networks without the use of further control lines, ie via the supply lines, according to a ripple control method from the book "Control gear and circuits for electric lamps" by the authors Sturm and Klein, ISBN 3-8009-1586-3 known. The book teaches, among other things, how ballasts for special lighting fixtures should be designed in principle, whereby the ballasts can be equipped with ripple control receivers. In order to be able to present the invention in a more compressed manner in relation to the communication method, the disclosure content of the book with regard to suitable circuit variants of ballasts is incorporated by reference in its entirety as the scope of disclosure of the present invention.

The Buch does not explicitly differentiate between building installation technology and a street installation technique. In larger Buildings, maybe even with outdoor facilities, will be often not just a central distributor but at least a main distributor and a plurality of sub-distributors built, wherein the Example of individual subdistributors for the sections Lighting technology in a building or a group of buildings are responsible. One (or more) of the sub-distributors is (are) possibly with a constant energy or DC voltage source, such as a DC voltage source with batteries or also equipped in terms of circuitry with a fuel cell source, at a supply failure of the sub-distributor to the constant energy source to be able to fall back. The constant energy sources can either as a group battery systems or central battery systems be constructed. By an independently functioning Control unit that is part of a building control system can, in particular part of a central or group battery system can be the energy source of the sub-distribution network or even a main distribution network alternately between the central AC voltage supply from the supply network and a back-fall power supply. Among other things, the risk of short circuits in case of fire by reducing the number of conductors, it is common Lighting fixture not with additional control lines to equip, but the working as a final circuits lamps, Fluorescent tubes and other light-emitting consumers with circuits to drive, so that, for example, the supply voltage an automatic switching on and off of the lighting fixture is possible.

Very detailed explanations can be found in the DIN VDE 0108 , in particular Part 1, of 1989, which has since undergone revision processing. The previously discussed system descriptions and circuit designations can be found in the DIN VDE 0108 in their numerous revisions, which forms the normative corset for safety-relevant final circuits such as lighting fixtures. The content of the standard is incorporated to determine the terms and the required flow charts in full content by their referencing in the disclosure of the present invention. In particular, ready light lamps and continuous light lamps, which are mixed in a final circuit of a building, must be able to be driven and operated in accordance with standards. For this purpose, a transmitter and receiver system is taken, the line-based on the supply lines, the end-side consumers can switch on and off or the end-side consumers if necessary Infor be sent back to central control facilities. In the simplest case, it is sufficient that the lighting fixtures are controllable without the lighting fixtures returning information. In single-phase building installations, at least three lines are thus provided, namely a line via which as a rule an alternating voltage phase is transmitted, a line which serves as a neutral conductor and a line which serves as a protective conductor. In an operating state change, for example in an emergency, the same lines make the connection between the transmitter and receiver, however, at least in a third operating state, two of the three lines are supplied with a DC voltage, so that in this operating state, the names of the lines, although they the same lines remain to be adapted. In order not to have to change permanently between the designations for one and the same line, in the following to promote the easier understanding of the invention of phase conductor, neutral and earth conductor or grounded conductor spoken, even if in the currently considered operating state no exclusive or pure AC power supply the final circuits should be given. In a second operating state, an AC voltage, a pulsed DC voltage or a constant DC voltage or corresponding mixed forms can be impressed on the lines, depending on the circuit realization. In the first operating state, the AC voltage from the supply current network is present in the corresponding sub-distribution network or main distribution network.

From the EP 0 939 476 D2 (Patent owner: Inotec Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, priority date: 25.02.1998) it is known to change the voltage in the sub-distribution network according to the 2a - 2c from a pure sinusoidal voltage via a pulsed DC voltage to a constant DC voltage to be used to signal the lighting fixtures the operating state change. For this purpose, full-wave rectifiers are used. Methods which react in particular with a threshold value switch to the lowering or hiding of individual sine half-waves for connected fluorescent lamps are the publications DE 29 04 875 62 (Applicant: Friemann and Wolf GmbH, filing date: 09.02.1979), DE 29 33 506 C2 (Patent owner: Friemann and Wolf GmbH, filing date: 18.08.1979) and DE 29 47 008 A1 (Applicant: Friemann and Wolf GmbH, filing date: 22.11.1979). Three other possible methods that focus on the voltage on the power supply line are in the DE 28 35 549 A1 (Applicant: Rasmusen, priority date: 15.08.1977). Also, three different ways to influence the AC voltage and thus to send a control signal on the supply energy to the lighting fixtures, is the EP 1 066 690 B1 (Patent owner: Ceag Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, priority date: 31.01.1998).

Out the fact that the cited documents all German applicants have the unspoken Assumption, of a high quality of care, especially in terms of voltage quality, from the supply network to be able to go out. Security Lighting but are increasingly being used in areas where the energy supply quality is no longer in the habitual way as in big German cities can be found. It has been observed occasionally that some of the described voltage-dependent transmission methods in lower supply voltage quality lighting fixture turn on, which are not yet turn on, because the intercept Emergency, z. B. a central power interruption, actually still did not occur. In extreme cases, a burden of as Fallback DC power source operating constant energy source occur, which leads to a shortening of the safety lighting time for the actual emergency leads.

Another control technology alternative from the security sector is the DE 197 25 710 A1 (Applicant: Larcher et al., Priority Date: 01.07.1996), but proposing, inter alia, a change of service transfer, so switching operation in the supply lines to perform.

In the control section is unnecessarily converted energy of the supply current network due to the high impedance of the transmitter. Another problem can be found in the DE 38 28 5271 A1 (Applicant: Siemens AG, filing date: 19.08.1988), namely transmission errors due to running time properties on the lines. There is a tendency throughout the world to see ever larger building units being built in metropolitan areas, so that supply line lengths are continually increasing. It is advantageous to refer to the document coil winding arrangements with other components, such as capacitors, which should be functional in DC networks. The scope of disclosure in relation to the circuit variants is fully incorporated in the description of the present invention by this reference for readability reasons.

Parallel to the signal coding by the energy supply transmission, there has been the Development of so-called powerline modules, for example typical semiconductors of the ST7537 and the ST7538, whose standardization basics include the EN 50065-1 can be seen. In the technical articles published by Domologic Home Automation GmbH regarding the Powerline communication, a looming problem is addressed in which more and more equipment providers, for example for washing machines and refrigerators, access any information on the shared frequency bands without the authorization of a central authorization authority transmit the end-side power supply network and thus influence and interfere with each other, the control information. For safety-critical networks to which additional consumers are switched without the intervention of the emergency lighting manufacturer, insecure connections are not acceptable.

It So is the need given, with increasingly complex energy supply networks in Endstrombereich with a larger number of distributors to be able to offer a communication procedure that itself Safety-critical energy consumers such as standby lights can be operated. The communication method which a network On the basis of the communication method is a high reliability exhibit. To make matters worse, that transmitter and receiver modules are produced by a manufacturer who often does not can determine exactly what electricians and consumers are using companies, especially consumers be connected. If a claim occurs, maybe even with Personal injury, is still trying on the manufacturer individual components for safety lighting systems because product liability considerations like to be practiced widely.

The The object of the invention is achieved by a method solved according to claim 1. An inventive Communication system is presented in claim 8. advantageous Embodiments can be the dependent claims remove.

The Invention relates to a conducted communication method, used within an end-side power supply network can be. The power supply networks are referred to as the end, the electrification primarily a completed building complex equipped with consumers. An end-side supply network can of course also power generators for the emergency power supply include. The communication procedure will be carried out within the framework and building control systems used, so in particular safety-related Lighting fixtures such as lamps and fluorescent tubes can be switched or dimmed. For this purpose, the conducted Communication with a transmitter and with a receiver built up. As a rule, at least several recipients used, in particular every single lighting fixture preceded by a separate recipient. Naturally can also have several transmitters in the end-side supply network to be available. The transmitter (or the transmitter) does not necessarily have to be arranged in a sub-distributor, however, it is advantageous if the transmitter is communicating with in a short way the sub-distributor stands. The sender takes on the task depending on operating conditions a selective Turning on and off individual lighting fixtures, preferably without individual addressing of each individual lighting fixture, to induce. For this purpose, the lighting fixtures have no other control lines, but the communication method attacks on the standard electricity supply back. This type of network construction reduces the number of network Veins. Cables are considered as increased sources of danger in case of fire. The transmitter transmits data that is at least for a final circuit are determined. The communication network knows at least two different operating states, the by the number of lights switched on and off determine. Between transmitter and receiver several power supply lines are provided, of which at least two are intended for energy supply and at least a third serves as a protective conductor. About standard AC grids can have varying voltages, such as for example, sinusoidal alternating voltages, but also Permanent DC voltages across at least two of the three conductors be guided so that at least one lighting fixture electrically, with recourse to the second, as a return conductor imaginary ladder is energized. One to be carried out The sequence of instructions may consist of sending the sender to the receiver Issues the command, a lighting fixture of a particular Category, such as a ready light or a safety light, to turn on or off. Two of the three connection lines experience a potential shift. Of the Protective conductor, which may be grounded, for example, is preferably during the instruction sequence on a constant potential, in particular the earth potential, held. The consumer himself learns about its two power supply lines no voltage change, so that he is signaled the start of a command sequence. The potential shift especially affects the third leader, which is primarily the protective conductor. Thus, the superimposed Command transmission over two of the at least three existing lines have no influence on the quality of supply the supply voltage. The insulation resistance against The protective conductor is usually in the circuits of the final circuits designed so high that one compared to the regular Alternating voltage amplitude irrelevant potential shift occurs.

According to the standard DIN EN 50065-1 respectively. VDE 0808 Part 1 For example, an unbalanced feed must not generate interference on or in residual current circuit breakers. Due to the potential shift, the residual current operated circuit breakers remain free of interference and their response thresholds can remain at a consistently low level, such as 20 mA, even with large lighting networks.

Becomes the present invention applied to a multi-phase supply network, this allows the potential shift to be varied realize. There may be a potential shift between a phase and the neutral as well as a potential shift between all phase conductors and the neutral as well as a potential shift be realized between all phase conductors. What kind of potential shift depends, among other things, on the use and the interconnection of the three-phase system. So can the three-phase system be implemented as TT, TI, TN network, etc.

To One aspect of the present invention no longer becomes voltage monitoring supply lines, for example with a threshold discriminator, but it will be a deviation the protective conductor detected.

in the Fall of an AC power supply can be which designate a power supply line as a phase line, denote the second power supply line as neutral and the protective conductor as earth conductor or grounded conductor. The potential shift takes place on the energy directors, d. h., the phase conductor in the same Dimensions as on the neutral. In the same degree means that the amount of voltage change up two conductors is identical except for one factor. Ideally the potential shift occurs on both energy conductors simultaneously and to the same extent. The potential shift can be perfect be symmetrical, so to the same extent it is understood that a voltage increase on the phase conductor just as noticeable as an increase in voltage on the neutral conductor is. Thus, the relative voltage difference between phase conductors and neutral zero. When switching, for example in one Sub-distributor, of a sinusoidal AC voltage to a supply voltage from a secondary source the two power supply lines are no longer in the classic Considered as a phase conductor and neutral. Because the cable but it does not change its properties, but only the impressed voltage can change somewhat imprecise also in the following of phase conductors and neutral be spoken at any kind of DC voltage.

The Potential shift on the phase conductor and also on the neutral conductor can be achieved by an inductive voltage application realize. Depending on the type of windings of the inductive coupling and the arrangement of the windings determine the time equality and the sign equality of the potential shift. Through a review, like a voltage measurement, towards the ground wire the transmission start of switching information detected.

The Information transfer after the transmission start unfolds, can be performed in packets in one embodiment become. The information transfer takes place in a favorable Fall due to a periodically occurring potential shift. Either the phase conductor as well as the neutral conductor undergo a periodic Potential shift, while the ground wire no Potential or voltage change experiences. Especially in the safety-critical area of emergency lighting systems is the targeted and correct transfer to selected ones Ensure lighting fixture. This is a transmission protocol to choose the self-correcting faulty influences a potential shift, for example due to stray inductances, fades. The switching signal may be clear in comparison to the transmission speed be composed more slowly. A single switching command sequence can span several milliseconds. Thus, the inventive Communication method in terms of its switching speed sufficient time, multiple, redundant the switching information in the frame to transfer the potential shift. The self-correcting Checksum consists of a possible repetition the actual switching information together. Alternatively, you can of course other cyclic redundancy check methods or use cross-sum method.

The switching information can be established by a known under the term powerline communication communication, because for the powerline communication numerous different, ready-integrated modules are offered by default. It is the use of a frequency band, which is released by standardization for data transmission to select. Because for the compilation of a security lighting system no individual votes are to be made with power companies, preferably a frequency band from the frequency spectrum of 95 kHz to 148.5 kHz, in particular between 95 kHz and 125 kHz to choose. If the communication procedure in the said frequency band expires, the operator of the information congestion risk set out above does not prevail, although any manufacturer of electrical appliances can make unauthorized end circuit communications by operating the lighting fixtures in response to potential shifts completely decoupled from the rest of the usual powerline communication techniques. The switching information itself can also be encoded amplitude, frequency or phase modeled beyond. Thus there is a multiple interleaved coding. The information transfer is primarily initiated and dominated by the potential shift, but further coding methods may also be part of the communication method according to the invention.

With the communication method according to the invention can selectively protect individual safety lighting, such as standby lights individually, selected, thus selective, on and off. On a phase conductor, a neutral conductor and enclosed by a ground wire can be so lighting fixtures of different categories at the same time intrude. It can be permanent light, ready light, switched on emergency lights, alarm lights and additional Warning lights on one and the same safety lighting network be electrically connected and all lights can be interconnected electrically in parallel. The wiring effort is reduced. It can still be used depending on the operating condition lights, all belonging to one and the same category, simultaneously to switch on and off. Alternatively, lights in their light intensity in special operating conditions be withdrawn. Is it known, for example, that longer term alarm lights are still to be operated, while continuous lighting is switched off prematurely can be used to adjust the illumination intensity operate the continuous light lamps slowly dimming reduced, without There is a panic in the people in the building to the end of the available auxiliary power breaks out.

in the Compared to the grounded conductor, the potential shifts be determined according to their sign. That's how it works a voltage boost on both the phase conductor and on the neutral conductor opposite the ground conductor a positive potential shift determine. Significant potential shift can occur accordingly a set or a withdrawn Be assigned bit. It is at the discretion of the programmer of with microcontrollers operated transmitter units, whether inversely, the means a positive potential shift corresponds to a recessive Bit, or directly proportional, that means a positive potential shift corresponds to a set bit, the command sequence transfer digitally encoded.

The inventive communication system is from one or more broadcasters and at least one, or else several, recipients together. In general, the building will be from the central power supply network of an energy supplier electrically supplied. The receiver is preferably present connected upstream of the final circuit of a safety light lamp. In In one embodiment, receiver and ballast be integrated into one piece. In a further embodiment example can receiver and ballast of the Safety light two-piece, each in its own housing, designed be. Between a sender and a receiver are at least three electrical lines provided. Two lines serve as Head of power transmission. A conductor is a protective conductor, for example, a certain contact protection for the Can represent the environment. The communication between sender and receiver includes the potential shift on two of the three previously named Conductors. The communication system is multi-component. The transmitter can be used in a monitoring unit for be integrated with a sub-distributor. The transmitter can thus part an emergency power supply, the part of the sub-distributor can be arranged. Similarly, instead of the subdistributor also a central distributor for the arrangement of a transmitter, single or integrated in other components, chosen become.

in the AC voltage-carrying operating state is one of Head of the phase conductors. In the DC-voltage operating state the phase conductor would actually be the positive supply line.

The potential shift on two of the three conductors can be carried out synchronously and with the same voltage. In this context, it should be noted that the absolute voltage values are not important here. As previously indicated, the communication system may include a constant energy source, that is, a DC power source such as a battery system or a fuel cell system. In the absence of the AC power supply, the constant energy source advances in the alternative. The transmitter is ideally in the vicinity, which means directly related spatially, an energy distributor such as main distributor or sub-distributor or central distributor arranged. The transmitter comprises an inductive transformer. The inductive transformer represents the galvanic decoupling of the components required for the control supply, in particular integrated semiconductors. The galvanic decoupling provides overvoltage protection for the voltage-sensitive semiconductors and the separation of the energy and signal paths instead of. The windings are designed so that the two windings are wound in the same direction for the power transmission lines, while the winding for the signal stamping is wound in opposite directions and is thus inductively coupled. With a single inductive component, the correct potentials can be inductively applied to all power lines, in particular to up to three lines. The good galvanic coupling is ensured by one or more ferrite cores. The protective conductor is not routed via the transformer.

Of the Receiver is via a capacitive decoupled Measuring impedance integrated in the supply network at the end of the power supply, preferably the receiver is the supply energy to a lighting means passes.

The inventive communication system increases the safety of one equipped with an emergency lighting system Building. Consumers may be where the term disorder also total failures be understood, the communication between sender and receiver to assume a safe state. The safe state is apparent For example, by switching on all safety lights out. Between transmitter and receiver, a safety signal is transmitted for this purpose. The Safety signal can be in the form of a so-called periodically recurring characteristic signal, in the simplest case of the carrier signal itself, transmitted by the transmitter to at least one receiver become. Missing the expected safety signal, which is also in the actual Powerline transmission can exist, so for example the one or more state followers in a safety state and switches / switch the safety lights connected to them.

To In another aspect, the inventive Communication method for a communication system to the effect describe that the communication system to build an emergency lighting system or an emergency lighting system is usable. The emergency lighting system includes a first energy supply for feeding into an energy distributor and another energy source as a second power supply, as well for feeding into the energy distributor such as main distributor or Sub-distributor. At least one final circuit. The final circuit is made up of, among other things, at least one switchable ready light together. The standby light is often through a ballast electrically operated. As part of the ballast or as a separate superior device is a state follower designed as a receiver. In the area of the energy distributor a control unit is provided. The control unit works with data or signals from a voltage monitoring unit. There may also be several voltage monitoring devices be provided in the pipeline network of the building. Dependent on of a signal representing a switching information becomes a security lighting means switched on. For this purpose, a receiver is a status follower intended. The state follower may be single states due of switching information. Depending on the Condition of the state follower become individual lighting means switched on and off. The emergency lighting system is a mixed operation system designed. The emergency lighting system comprises in one embodiment Continuous lighting, ready light, possibly switched Continuous lighting and suitable additional lights such as warning lights.

A Emergency power lighting system according to the invention can be a mixed plant. Mixed operating systems are common with permanent light, ready light and switched Permanent lighting equipped. When receiving a valid switching information turn on the standby lights, regardless of their place, so not individually addressable, after a fairly short Processing time. A short processing time is shorter as 500 ms. In particular, a processing time can be shorter be as 100 ms. For a longer lasting supply voltage interruption the receivers of the switching information are in their initial state reset. Signal conditioning and signal processing can be done in circuit parts that over Optocouplers are galvanically isolated from the supply lines.

Consequently engages the emergency power lighting system on the previously shown guided management procedures.

The The present invention can be more easily understood when Reference is made to the attached figures, wherein

1 shows a first transmitter circuit in principle circuit diagram,

2 shows a first receiver circuit in principle circuit representation,

3 shows a second receiver in schematic schematic representation,

4 shows a circuit section of a second transmitter circuit with suitable semiconductor,

5 FIG. 2 shows a circuit section of a third receiver circuit with suitable semiconductor, FIG.

6 shows a potential and voltage distribution on lines of a communication system according to the invention,

7 represents a transmission protocol,

8th a building installation according to the invention shows and

9 shows possible illumination pattern according to the invention Mischbetriebsanlagen.

in the The following are functional or by name similar Components and components provided with the same reference numbers although there may be differences in some details, to the possible, inventive design spectrum show.

Independently from the respective claims, the figures and the figure descriptions additional inventive aspects, who also consider themselves as worthy of protection are.

1 shows on the basis of a circuit diagram with electronic symbols, a particularly simple embodiment of a part of a transmitter 51 , which can be used for transmitting a communication method according to the invention, in particular in the region of an energy distributor. The capital letter X denotes individual connection points, for example for electricity cables. The circuit can be built on a circuit board, so that the board after 1 at least three different terminals, namely the terminals X1, the terminals X2 and the terminal X3. At the terminal X1-1, a supply line L for a first line is connected to the power supply. At the terminal X1-2, a second line N is connected to the power supply. Via the supply lines L, N, the power supply from a supply network 1 respectively. Opposite to be provided earth conductor PE grounding capacitances CY1, CY2 between the power line and serving as a protective earth conductor PE are incorporated in the circuit. Similar to the domestic installation technology, L, N and PE designate the phase line, the neutral conductor and a grounded protective conductor, via which a DC voltage supply can also be carried out. Via a transformer L1, which can be unilaterally at a local zero potential GND, the information is applied in the same direction, equal clocked, with the same sign on the two lines L and N. For this purpose, the transformer L1 has at least one connection on which a control supply U can take place. The transformer L1 is in the direction of current flow in the lines L and N. The transformer L1 has the same sense of winding for both lines L, N. The effective magnetic coupling between the individual coils of the transformer L1 is conveyed through a ferrite core M. If individual potential shifts are to be carried out, then a voltage is applied via the terminal X3-1 to the transformer L1, more precisely to the primary winding of the transformer. At the terminals X2-1 and X2-2 can be tapped from the lines L 'and N' the impressed information, such as a switching information in the form of a potential shift. At the terminal X2, another pin, namely the terminal X2-3, provided for the protective conductor PE '.

In 2 becomes part of a recipient 53 for use in a communication method according to the invention via a communicative connection 101 to a sender 51 of the 1 can be connected, shown. The actual information signal is applied to the resistor R1. The resistor R1 as a measuring impedance measures the information in the form of a voltage, which may also be additionally modulated, via the star connection operated connection point between the decoupling capacitors CX1 and CX2 on one side and the decoupled ground conductor PE on the other side. For decoupling of the ground conductor PE at least one Erdleiterkapazität CY1 is provided. The neutral point between the individual decoupling capacitances CX1, CX2 is considered to be the local zero potential GND. A tap is thus to be detected at the terminal X2-1 relative to the local zero potential GND. In a multi-phase power supply system, a corresponding number of decoupling capacitances CX1, CX2 can be provided, thus, for example, in the case of a three-phase conductor system a total of four decoupling capacities. An inventive transmission system from transmitter 51 (see eg 1 and 4 ) and receiver 53 can be unproblema both on a single-phase conductor system as well as on a three-phase or higher-phase conductor system be applied. There are no increased voltages between the phase conductors L, L 'and the neutral conductor N, N'. The power supply cables and the protective conductors must be connected to the terminals X1-1, X1-2, X1-3.

Via connecting lines, such as power lines, can be between a transmitter 51 and a receiver 53 a communicative connection 101 be constructed in the form of a conducted connection, each with a one-sided connection to the respective transmitter 51 or receiver 53 in the 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 and 5 is shown. The communication system comprises at least one transmitter 51 and a receiver 53 ,

3 shows a further embodiment of a receiver 53 , which can be built with both discrete and integrated components. The recipient 53 is via power lines in a communicative connection 101 with a transmitter that can be part of a subdistributor. The supply voltage is supplied via the connection X1-1 and via the line L 'both for the supply of a final circuit 15 as well as for the extraction of switching information via a measuring resistor or a measuring impedance R1 used. In the receiver 53 Circuits U1, U2 are provided which perform different tasks. The circuit U1, which is to be constructed as an integrated circuit, assumes the function of a state follower. Depending on the switching information at the terminals I and GND, the circuit U1 outputs a switching signal via the output 0 to further circuits, such as, for example, to the control input X of the circuit U2. The circuit U2 supplies the supply voltage as a function of a switching level 3 to lighting means 19 that, for example, lamps 23 (symbolized by the lamp socket in 3 ) could be. In the lamp holder can be one or more fluorescent tubes 27 be inserted. The circuit extends between terminals X1 and X3. For the voltage supply of the semiconductor, a voltage part is constructed, comprising the rectifier B1, filter inductors L5, L6, a temperature-dependent resistor R3, a fuse F1 and a smoothing capacitor C1, the necessary supply voltage VCC for the other circuits and the final circuit 15 can provide. The impressed information signal is tapped between capacitors CX1, CX2 and CY1 via a measuring impedance R1. The virtual zero point of the decoupling capacitances CX1, CX2 represents the local ground of the local potential GND. The switching information is thus coupled out via capacitors, while the supply voltage on which the switching information stores both DC voltage and AC voltage via rectification circuits for the further energy supply Can be available. The rectifier B1 rectifies the AC voltage between the lines L and N or N ', while the information between the lines L' and PE is tapped. Special connectors X3-1, X3-2, X3-3 and X3-4 are for connecting lighting fixtures such as fluorescent tubes 27 designed.

The in the previously shown 1 to 3 rather schematically illustrated transmitter 51 and receiver 53 are more concrete with special powerline semiconductors as transmitters in 4 and as a recipient in 5 shown. The transmitter 51 to 4 is centrally around the powerline semiconductor IC1, which may be, for example, the TDA5051 built. The TDA5051 is an integrated circuit IC1 that has many features for powerline communication 103 already offers. The powerline communication 103 is coupled via a capacitor C1, supported by a diode D1, on the supply lines. For a more detailed understanding of the semiconductor reference is made to the relevant data sheets and application notes, from which the IC pin designations can be found. The numbering around the IC1 corresponds to the numbering of common data sheets and has therefore been retained for ease of understanding despite otherwise using the same reference numerals in the remaining figures. From a data source via the connection X2, in particular X2-3, data can be given to the Data_in pin1 of the IC1. The data source may be a microcontroller. The 5 volt power supply from the PinX2-2 is smoothed by suitable capacitors C2, C3. The powerline semiconductor IC1 is clocked from an oscillator with the components quartz Q6, capacitor C31, capacitor C30, resistor R2. For better data transmission or for suppression of interference signals, decoupling capacitors CY1, CY2 are provided on the supply lines L, N to the grounded protective conductor PE '. After the decoupling capacitances, the data protocol of the pin TX of the IC1 is switched to the supply voltage via a transformer L1, which may comprise the coils L2, L3, L4, thus via the communicative connection 101 In addition to the supply voltage present in the sub-distributor, data can also be transmitted to the final circuits. The transformer L1 can be built up with a ferrite core M. The circuit works with a virtual potential zero point. The virtual potential zero GND represents the zero potential for the electronic components of the transmitter 51 If the information signal is impressed on the supply line and on the neutral conductor, then the transmitter becomes 51 and receiver 53 ( 5 ) is spoken by the connection lines L 'and N'. Parallel to the lines L 'and N' there is a grounded protective conductor PE '. It is only to the transmitter 51 via the terminals X3-1, X3-2, X3-3 a normal NYM cable for communicative connection 101 to join. For the integration of the transmitter 51 Only three terminals X1, X2, X3 are to be provided.

A similarly constructed circuit around the same semiconductor IC1, namely a TDA5051, can be used to implement a receiver 53 can be used, wherein the voltage drop over a measuring impedance R1 to a read pin RX of the IC1 capacitively decoupled via the capacitance C1 can be passed. The TDA5051 is used for powerline communication 103 , There are potential boosters both in the transmitter 51 as well as in the receiver 53 a zener diode D1. The zener diode D1 can be designed for a voltage of 6.8 V, for example. At port X1 of a receiver 5 behind the IC1, the data that can be tapped from the Data_Out connection are available again unadulterated and decoupled from the supply voltage. With a single, multi-core cable can be the receiver 53 integrate into a building installation. For the other Schaltzeichen and their circuit arrangement, which are understandable to any electronics engineer, is based on the previous comments on the 1 . 2 . 3 and 4 and to the list of reference numbers.

6 shows a possible transmission protocol on the lines L, N, L ', N' and PE after the 1 to 5 on which normally a Wechselspanungsversorgung 5 is present. 6 shows from the time switching point t _0, the superimposed powerline information of the powerline communication 103 (please refer 4 and 5 ) on the ground conductor PE and the supply voltage 3 , Earth conductor PE remains at a constant potential 105 , The neutral oscillates with the same synchronicity 109 and the same potential shift 107 in the same voltage direction as the supply voltage 3 to which an additional control feed U is impressed. The additional control feed U is impressed to the extent that sufficient damping 113 given is. Thus, the voltage between the neutral and the corresponding phase conductor remains unchanged and information imparting can be ensured by comparison with the ground conductor PE or a grounded conductor. The supply voltage 3 experiences an additional amplitude due to the voltage U, so that from both partial voltages an entire, superimposed voltage amplitude 111 results. As in 6 illustrated, the switching information can be done for example via an amplitude modification or AM modulation. Alternatively, it is also possible to use frequency modulation or phase modulation or a combination of the various types of modulation. The start of an information transmission can be based on the voltage change 115 be detected against the ground conductor PE.

7 shows a possible frequency band f _B , which consists of two superimposed sinusoids, a fundamental frequency and an amplitude modulated information signal. The amplitude level can be used to set a bit 79 or identify a not set bit accordingly as 1 or 0 (or even in recessive coding). The amplitude modulation AM determines the transmission start Ü _S. A switching information S _I is made up of the multiple repetition of the individual information packets 69 together. The checksum 71 (not shown) is formed by the multiple repetition of the information packets 69 , The information transfer 67 (not shown) is through an information packet end 73 certainly. Several individual information repeats 75 create the individual information packages 69 , An example is a digital data transmission 77 with set bits 79 shown. When the information is completely transmitted, the receiver, for example U1, changes 3 from a first state Z1 to a second state Z2 to cause switching S. In the 7 is the command sequence 81 represented by bits 0101100, each containing an information packet 69 forms. The superimposed sine on the frequency band f _B can only be detected by carrying out a voltage with respect to the protective conductor or the grounded conductor. The z. B. constructed by the circuit U1 state follower can identify other states, such. B. a third state Z3 (not in 7 drawn, for example, which would occur in chronological order).

8th shows a schematic representation of a home installation network in a building 9 connected to the supply mains 1 with at least two of the three in-house lines connected so that the supply energy 7 can be initiated in the building's internal grid. The building installation 11 in the building 9 has at least one power distributor 55 on, for example, a main distributor 57 can be. Alternatively, any number of subdistributors 59 to be ordered. The communication system 49 forms between a transmitter 51 and a receiver 53 over the power lines so that a building management system 13 can be formed. The transmitter 51 can in the power distributor 55 to be ordered. The recipient 53 Can individual safety lights 29 upstream. Other lights such as permanent light 33 are equipped with circuits U2 such as ballasts. Via the lines L ', N', the electrical energy from the transmitter 51 to the light emitting end consumers 25 , the appropriate recipient 53 may include. By the arrangement of individual receivers 53 and ordinary ballasts U2 can be connected to one and the same power grid a lighting plant in accordance with the relevant standards within a building installation 11 realize. Two to three lines, as in 8th are sufficient, a selective on and off depending on a state in the power distribution 55 for the lights 29 . 33 sure. The protective conductor or the ground conductor PE, alternatively also a grounded conductor P ", is the reference line for the processing of the individual state detections in the receiver 53 to the, preferably to all, recipients 53 introduced. At the same time, the earth conductor PE assumes the task of representing a protection for the other ballasts U2. As in 8th can be seen next to the main distributors 57 also any number of subdistributors 59 be present, the own phase conductor L '' and neutral N '' for other consumers 17 to offer. At least one energy distributor 55 such as a subdistributor 59 , draws its emergency power from a constant energy source 61 holding a battery system 63 or even a fuel cell system 65 can be.

9 shows an example of a lighting pattern that on a single power cable with different lighting fixtures 21 like lamps 23 , light emitting end consumers 25 , Fluorescent tubes 29 , Safety light 29 , Safety lighting 31 , Continuous light 33 , Ready light 35 , Alarm light 37 as well as warning light 39 can be switched on and off.

As is shown by the embodiments, with a few Circuit supplements, for example, in a housing a ballast U2 and arranged in a sub-distributor can be from a regular power supply for lighting fixtures a very compact and at the same time reliable data transmission for realized a building control system. A voltage change with its numerous error influences is no longer necessary to be able to reliably operate safety light lamps. A voltage increase or decrease with associated voltage Aging of the final power consumers or a reduction in the light output also does not occur anymore.

Although only a few embodiments are disclosed, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is also applicable to power distribution networks constructed over a classic lighting mix operation with other end circuits. The transferable switching information can both switch lighting means on and off as well as control their intensity and illuminance. The error-prone transmission protocol, which can also operate in sub-distribution networks with any circuit breaker, establishes a receiver-evaluable relationship between a grounded conductor, a ground conductor or a protective conductor on one side, and a line for normal power supply on the other side. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS reference numeral importance Graphic rendering 1 Supply mains Fig. 1, Fig. 8 3 supply voltage Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6 5 AC power supply Fig. 6 7 supply energy Fig. 8 9 building Fig. 8 11 building installation Fig. 8 13 building control Fig. 8 15 final circuit Fig. 3 17 consumer Fig. 8 19 lighting means Fig. 3 21 lighting Fig. 9 23 lamps Fig. 3, Fig. 9 25 Light emitting end consumers Fig. 8, Fig. 9 27 fluorescent tubes Fig. 3, Fig. 9 29 Safety Light Lamp Fig. 8, Fig. 9 31 Security lighting means Fig. 9 33 Continuous lighting Fig. 8, Fig. 9 35 Maintained light lamp Fig. 9 37 alarm light Fig. 9 39 warning light Fig. 9 49 communications system Fig. 8 51 transmitter Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Fig. 8 53 receiver Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 8 55 energy distributors Fig. 8 57 main distribution Fig. 8 59 sub-distribution Fig. 8 61 Constant energy source Fig. 8 63 battery system Fig. 8 65 fuel cell plant Fig. 8 67 information transfer Fig. 7 69 information packet Fig. 7 71 checksum Fig. 7 73 Information package end Fig. 7 75 information repetition Fig. 7 77 Digital data transmission Fig. 7 79 Set bit Fig. 7 81 Path Fig. 7 101 Communicative connection Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 103 Powerline communications Fig. 4, Fig. 5 105 constant potential Fig. 6 107 Potential shift, in particular periodic potential shift Fig. 6 109 synchronicity Fig. 6 111 voltage amplitude Fig. 6 113 attenuation Fig. 6 115 voltage change Fig. 6 L, L ' First line for energy supply FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 L, L ', L'' Phase conductor or phase line Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 N, N ' Second line for energy supply 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 N, N ', N'' neutral Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 PE ground wire Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6 PE ' protective conductor Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 PE '' Grounded conductor Fig. 8 GND Local zero potential Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 AT THE amplitude modulation Fig. 6, Fig. 7 B1 Rectifier, in particular bridge rectifier Fig. 3 C1 capacitor Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 C2 capacitor Fig. 4, Fig. 5 C3 capacitor Fig. 4, Fig. 5 C30 capacitor Fig. 4, Fig. 5 C31 capacitor Fig. 4, Fig. 5 CX1 First decoupling capacity Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 CX2 Second decoupling capacity Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 CY1 Erdleiterkapazität Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 CY2 Erdleiterkapazität Fig. 1, Fig. 4 D1 Zener diode Fig. 4, Fig. 5 Data_In, Data_Out dates Fig. 4, Fig. 5 F1 fuse Fig. 3 f _B frequency band Fig. 7 I Input pin or connection Fig. 3 C1 Integrated circuit, in particular for powerline coding Fig. 4, Fig. 5 L1 Transformer, in particular inductive transformer comprising a plurality of windings Fig. 1, Fig. 4 L2 Coil or first winding of the transformer Fig. 1, Fig. 4 L3 Coil or second winding of the transformer Fig. 1, Fig. 4 L4 Coil or third winding of the transformer Fig. 1, Fig. 4 L5 filter inductor Fig. 3 L6 filter inductor Fig. 3 M ferrite Fig. 1, Fig. 4 0 Output pin or output, in particular for outputting a switching signal Fig. 3 Q6 Quartz, in particular as oscillator quartz Fig. 4, Fig. 5 R1 Measuring impedance, in particular measuring resistor Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 R2 Resistance, in particular oscillator resistance Fig. 4, Fig. 5 R3 Temperature-dependent resistance Fig. 3 S _I switching information Fig. 7 S switch Fig. 7 t ₀ Switching time Fig. 6 U Control supply or voltage application, in particular inductive Fig. 1, Fig. 6 U1 Circuit, in particular as a state follower Fig. 3 U2 Circuit, in particular as a ballast Fig. 3, Fig. 8 Ü transmission start Fig. 7 VCC Supply voltage, in particular to individual modules Fig. 3 X control input Fig. 3 X1-1 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the first connection Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 X1-2 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the first connection Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 X1-3 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the first connection Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 X1-4 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the first connection Fig. 5 X1-5 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the first connection Fig. 5 X1-6 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the first connection Fig. 5 X2-1 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the second connection Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 X2-2 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the second connection Fig. 1, Fig. 4 X2-3 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the second connection Fig. 1, Fig. 4 X3-1 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the third connection Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 X3-2 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the third connection Fig. 3, Fig. 4 X3-3 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the third connection Fig. 3, Fig. 4 X3-4 PCB connection, in particular line connection of the third connection Fig. 3 Z1 First operating condition Fig. 7 Z2 Second operating state Fig. 7 Z2 Third operating condition Fig. 7

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 0939476 D2 [0006]
• DE 290487562 [0006]
• - DE 2933506 C2 [0006]
• - DE 2947008 A1 [0006]
• - DE 2835549 A1 [0006]
• - EP 1066690 B1 [0006]
• DE 19725710 A1 [0008]
• - DE 38285271 A1 [0009]

Cited non-patent literature

• - "Control gear and circuits for electric lamps" by the authors Sturm and Klein, ISBN 3-8009-1586-3 [0003]
• - DIN VDE 0108 [0005]
• - DIN VDE 0108 [0005]
• - EN 50065-1 [0010]
• - DIN EN 50065-1 [0014]
• - VDE 0808 Part 1 [0014]

Claims (13)

Method for communication within an end-side supply network ( 11 ) as part of a home and building control ( 13 ) with the end circuit forming ( 15 ) Lighting body ( 21 ) like lamps ( 23 ), Fluorescent tubes ( 27 ) and light-emitting consumers ( 25 ) coming from the supply network ( 1 ) are to be energetically controlled, resorting to a transmitter ( 51 ), who in communicative connection ( 101 ) with an energy distributor ( 55 ) of a building installation ( 11 ), by means of which the data (Data_In, Data_Out, 77 ) between the transmitter ( 51 ) and at least one final circuit ( 15 ) are transferable, the transmitter ( 51 ) and with at least one receiver ( 53 ) end circuit ( 15 ) via at least two lines (L, L ', L'', N, N', N '') for power supply and via at least one protective conductor (PE, PE ', PE'') in communicative connection ( 101 ), characterized in that the receiver ( 53 ) its command sequence to be executed ( 81 ) due to a potential shift ( 107 ) of both power supply lines (L, L ', L'', N, N', N '') starts, while the protective conductor (PE, PE ', PE'') at the same time on a constant potential ( 105 ) is held. Method for communication according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in a first state (Z1), the regular operating state with AC power supply ( 5 ), one of the at least two power supply lines (L, L ', L ", N, N', N") is a phase line (L, L ', L ") of a phase conductor, another one of the at least two power supply lines Neutral conductor (N, N ', N'') and the protective conductor (PE, PE', PE '') is a grounded conductor, whereby in particular the potential shift ( 107 ) is to be performed on at least one phase conductor (L, L ', L'') as well as to the same extent on the neutral conductor (N, N', N ''). Communication method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the potential shift ( 107 ) of the phase conductor (L, L ', L'') as well as the neutral conductor (N, N', N '') at the same time and with the same sign, in particular by inductive voltage application (U), to preferably by means of a temporary voltage change ( 115 ) relative to the ground conductor (PE, PE ', PE'') to detect a transmission start (Ü _S ) of switching information (S _I ). Communication method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an information transmission ( 67 ) by a periodic potential shift ( 107 ) of the phase conductor (L, L ', L'') and the neutral conductor (N, N', N '') takes place, in particular the information transmission ( 67 ) in packages ( 69 ), and in this case each individual packet is informationally completed by a preferably self-correcting checksum which, for example, is replaced by a multiple, redundant information repetition ( 75 ) is bildbar. Method for communication according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is based on a powerline communication ( 103 ) is based on a frequency band (f _B ) enabled at the end-side, such as 95 kHz to 148.5 kHz, preferably 95 kHz to 125 kHz, the periodic, varying potential shift ( 107 ) a greater damping ( 113 ) than 50 dB to a minimum allowable voltage amplitude ( 111 ) of the supply network ( 1 ) and the information transfer ( 67 ) is encoded in an amplitude, frequency or phase modulation (AM). Communication method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the information transmission ( 67 ) the selective switching (S) of safety lighting means ( 31 ) like standby lights ( 35 ) from a group of lighting fixtures ( 21 ), wherein preferably between the phase conductors (L, L ', L''), neutral (N, N', N '') and ground conductors (PE, PE ', PE'') lighting body ( 21 ) of different categories, such as permanent lighting ( 33 ), Ready light lights ( 35 ) and switched on emergency lights, alarm lights ( 37 ) and warning lights ( 39 ), are connected in parallel to each other electrically. Method for communication according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a positive potential shift (PE, PE ', PE'') relative to the ground conductor ( 107 ) on the phase conductor (L, L ', L'') and neutral (N, N', N '') a set bit ( 79 ) of a digital data transmission ( 77 ) the informati transmission ( 67 ) and a negative potential shift ( 107 ) on the phase conductor (L, L ', L'') and the neutral conductor (N, N', N '') a recessive bit of digital data transmission ( 77 ) corresponds. Communication system ( 49 ) via supply lines (L, L ', L'', N, N', N '') of a building installation ( 11 ) with the lighting fixture ( 21 ) as end circuit consumers ( 17 ), which are used as safety light lamps ( 29 ), in particular by a method according to claims 1 to 7, are controllable, at least one transmitter ( 51 ) between energy supply to the building ( 9 ) and a receiver ( 53 ) and at least one receiver ( 53 ), which is used to control at least one safety light ( 29 ) in front of the final circuit ( 15 ), and at least three electrical lines (L, L ', L'', N, N', N '', PE, PE ', PE'') comprising at least two conductors (L, L', L '', N, N ', N'') are intended for energy transmission and of which at least one conductor serves as protective conductor (PE, PE', PE ''), characterized in that the communication between transmitter ( 51 ) and receiver ( 53 ) by a potential shift ( 107 ) of two of the three lines (L, L ', L'', N, N', N '', PE, PE ', PE''), in particular the two energy transmission conductors (L, L', L '', N , N ', N''), while the protective conductor (PE, PE', PE '') at a constant potential ( 105 ) remains. Communication system ( 49 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that of the energy transmission lines (L, L ', L'', N, N', N '') a line in a first, AC-conducting operating state (Z1), a phase conductor (L; L ' , L '') and of the energy transmission lines (L, L ', L'', N, N', N '') a line is a neutral conductor (N, N ', N'') and the at least one protective conductor ( PE, PE ', PE'') is an earth conductor. Communication system ( 49 ) according to one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that the potential shift ( 107 ) is performed synchronously and voltage equal. Communication system ( 49 ) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that with the distributor ( 55 ) a constant energy source ( 61 ) like a battery system ( 63 ) or a fuel cell system ( 65 ) is connected, the supply voltage ( 3 ) to the final circuits ( 15 ) and especially the transmitter ( 51 ) in the area of an energy distributor ( 55 ) of the building ( 9 ) is arranged. Communication system ( 49 ) according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the transmitter ( 51 ) is equipped with an inductive transformer (L1) to a galvanically decoupled control feed (U), wherein preferably the transformer (L1) of at least three windings (L2, L3, L4) is composed, of which the winding (L4) in the first Energy transmission line, such as the first phase conductor (L; L ', L''), and the winding (L3) in the second power transmission line, such as the neutral conductor (N, N', N ''), with a ferrite core ( M) are in the same direction and the winding in the control supply (U, L2)) designed in this opposite direction, and the receiver ( 53 ) is connected via a capacitive (CX1, CX2, CY1) decoupled measuring impedance (R1) end-stream side in the supply network, wherein preferably the receiver ( 53 ) the supply energy to a lighting means ( 19 ). Communication system ( 49 ) according to one of the preceding claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the consumers ( 17 ) in the event of a fault in communication between transmitters ( 51 ) and receiver ( 53 ) assume a safe state, safety lights ( 29 ) are turned on in particular.