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DE102007011681A1 - Air supply unit operation method for fuel cells in motor vehicle, involves driving electric machine using output voltage of fuel cell during starting phase with high field control until sufficient power output is achieved - Google Patents

Air supply unit operation method for fuel cells in motor vehicle, involves driving electric machine using output voltage of fuel cell during starting phase with high field control until sufficient power output is achieved Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102007011681A1
DE102007011681A1 DE102007011681A DE102007011681A DE102007011681A1 DE 102007011681 A1 DE102007011681 A1 DE 102007011681A1 DE 102007011681 A DE102007011681 A DE 102007011681A DE 102007011681 A DE102007011681 A DE 102007011681A DE 102007011681 A1 DE102007011681 A1 DE 102007011681A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
synchronous machine
starter battery
compressor
electric machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE102007011681A
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German (de)
Inventor
Manfred Dipl.-Ing. Stute
Thomas Dipl.-Phys. Vetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Priority to DE102007011681A priority Critical patent/DE102007011681A1/en
Publication of DE102007011681A1 publication Critical patent/DE102007011681A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves arranging an electric machine on the same shaft between a compressor and a turbine. The electric machine has a rotor connected to the shaft, and a stator surrounding rotor. The electric machine is a synchronous machine that is driven using the output voltage of a fuel cell during a starting phase with high field control until sufficient power output is achieved. The starting battery of a motor vehicle is used to start the electric machine. The compressor and turbine are located on a common shaft, and are provided as parts of a turbocharger provided in the motor vehicle.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Luftversorgungseinheit für Brennstoffzellen in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Turbolader, der einen Verdichter und eine Turbine umfasst, die auf einer gemeinsamen Welle angeordnet sind, und mit einer auf derselben Welle zwischen dem Verdichter und der Turbine angeordneten Elektromaschine, die einen auf der Welle befestigten Rotor und einen den Rotor umgebenden Stator aufweist, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The The invention relates to a method for operating an air supply unit for fuel cells in a motor vehicle, with a turbocharger, a compressor and a turbine comprising arranged on a common shaft are, and with one on the same shaft between the compressor and The turbine arranged electric machine, the one on the shaft having fixed rotor and a stator surrounding the rotor, according to the generic term of claim 1.

Zur Luftversorgung von Brennstoffzellen in damit angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugen werden Verdichtermaschinen eingesetzt, insbesondere Turbolader, die durch die Abluft der Brennstoffzellen und/oder eine integrierte Elektromaschine antreibbar sind. Elektrisch antreibbare Verdichtermaschinen für Brennstoffzellensysteme sind bekannt, zum Beispiel aus der DE 43 18 818 C2 , der DE 102 16 953 A1 , der DE 199 23 738 C2 und der DE 102 03 311 A1 .For air supply of fuel cells in motor vehicles driven therewith, compressor machines are used, in particular turbochargers, which can be driven by the exhaust air of the fuel cells and / or an integrated electric machine. Electrically driven compressor machines for fuel cell systems are known, for example from the DE 43 18 818 C2 , of the DE 102 16 953 A1 , of the DE 199 23 738 C2 and the DE 102 03 311 A1 ,

Zweckmäßig betreibt man die Elektromaschine mittels der Ausgangspannung der Brennstoffzelle selbst. Diese Spannung beträgt ein Vielfaches der üblichen 12 Volt einer KFZ-Starterbatterie. Es stellt sich dann das Problem, dass ein Hochvoltakkumulator erforderlich ist, um die Luftversorgungseinheit und damit die Brennstoffzelle anfänglich zu starten.Appropriately operates one the electric machine by means of the output voltage of the fuel cell yourself. This voltage is a multiple of the usual 12 volts of a car starter battery. It then raises the problem that a high-voltage battery is required is to the air supply unit and thus the fuel cell initially to start.

Dieses Problem wird durch die in Anspruch 1 angegebene Erfindung gelöst.This Problem is solved by the invention specified in claim 1.

Durch den Betrieb der Synchronmaschine der Luftversorgungseinheit mit ausgeprägter Feldschwächung lassen sich auch an einer Betriebsspannung von nur 12 Volt Gleichspannung aus der normalen Starterbatterie für eine befristete Zeit hinreichend hohe Drehzahlen und Förderleistungen erzeugen, die ausreichen, um die Brennstoffzelle zu starten. Die sich dann dort aufbauende Betriebsspannung von typisch 200 bis 600 Volt Gleichspannung wird fliegend eingespeist bzw. umgeschaltet, so dass ein kontinuierlicher Betrieb aus dem Startvorgang heraus möglich ist. Dies lässt es zu, auf den sonst erforderlichen Hochvoltakkumulator zu verzichten.By the operation of the synchronous machine of the air supply unit pronounced field weakening can also be operated at an operating voltage of only 12 volts DC from the normal starter battery for a limited time sufficiently high Speeds and delivery rates generate enough to start the fuel cell. Which then there operating voltage of typically 200 to 600 volts DC voltage is fed in or switched over, so that continuous operation is possible from the starting process. This leaves it is necessary to do without the otherwise required high-voltage accumulator.

Bei der Erfindung wird vorzugsweise zuerst der Verdichter durch Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie erwärmt, etwa indem während eines Kaltstarts der Luftversorgungseinheit die Synchronmaschine durch geeignete Stromeinprägungen mit erhöhter Statorverlustleistung betrieben wird. Diese Stromeinprägungen in den Stator können derart sein, dass der Rotor mit einem Voreilwinkel von nahe null Grad mit niedriger Drehzahl, geringer Last und hohem Strom bewegt wird. Außerdem können die Stromeinprägungen einmodulierte Oberwellen aufweisen, durch die außer dem Stator auch der Rotor der Luftversorgungseinheit erwärmt wird.at the invention is preferably first the compressor by operation the synchronous machine heated by the starter battery, about while during a cold start of the air supply unit, the synchronous machine by suitable Stromeinprägungen with elevated Statorverlustleistung is operated. These current impressions in the stator can be like this be that the rotor with a lead angle of close to zero degrees with low speed, low load and high current. In addition, the current impressing have modulated harmonics through which except the stator and the rotor the air supply unit heated becomes.

Anschließend wird der Verdichter durch Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie auf einer verhältnismä ßig niedrigen Drehzahl gestartet, und danach wird die Brennstoffzelle durch Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie angefahren. Schließlich wird auf die Ausgangsspannung der Brennstoffzelle zur Versorgung der Synchronmaschine und des Verdichters umgeschaltet.Subsequently, will the compressor by operation of the synchronous machine by means of the starter battery at a relatively low level Speed is started, and then the fuel cell is operated approached the synchronous machine by means of the starter battery. Finally will to the output voltage of the fuel cell to supply the synchronous machine and the compressor switched.

Die Spannung und der Strom für den Betrieb der Synchronmaschine können während der Startphase über eine Diode von der Starterbatterie abgezweigt und einem Umrichter der Synchronmaschine zugeführt werden.The Voltage and the current for The operation of the synchronous machine can during the startup phase via a Diode branched off from the starter battery and a converter of the Synchronous machine supplied become.

Idealerweise sind die Betriebsparameter des Umrichters bei Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie, insbesondere die Regelparameter und/oder die PWM-Frequenz, andere Betriebsparameter als bei Betrieb mittels der Brennstoffzelle. Speziell wird die PWM-Frequenz bei Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie kleiner gewählt als bei Betrieb mittels der Brennstoffzelle.Ideally are the operating parameters of the inverter during operation of the synchronous machine by means of the starter battery, in particular the control parameters and / or the PWM frequency, other operating parameters than when using the fuel cell. Specifically, the PWM frequency becomes operational the synchronous machine selected smaller by means of the starter battery during operation by means of the fuel cell.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und seine Weiterbildungen haben den Vorzug, dass sie mit der üblichen Bordnetzspannung von 12 Volt durchgeführt werden können.The inventive method and its trainings have the merit of being with the usual Vehicle electrical system voltage of 12 volts can be performed.

Es folgt eine Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.It follows a description of an embodiment of the invention.

Bei einer Luftversorgungseinheit für Brennstoffzellen, mit einem Turbolader, der einen Verdichter und eine Turbine umfasst, die auf einer gemeinsamen Welle angeordnet sind, und mit einer auf derselben Welle zwischen dem Verdichter und der Turbine angeordneten Synchronmaschine, die einen auf der Welle befestigten Rotor und einen den Rotor umgebenden Stator aufweist, wird der Verdichter zuerst mit niedriger Spannung erwärmt, dann auf niedriger Drehzahl gestartet, die Brennstoffzelle wird angefahren, und danach wird auf die hohe Spannung der Brennstoffzelle zur Versorgung auch der Verdichtereinheit gewechselt. Unter Umständen genügt eine einfache Diode zum Einspeisen der 12 Volt in den Umrichter der Synchronmaschine.at an air supply unit for Fuel cells, with a turbocharger, a compressor and includes a turbine arranged on a common shaft are, and with one on the same shaft between the compressor and the turbine arranged synchronous machine, one on the shaft having fixed rotor and a stator surrounding the rotor, the compressor is first heated with low voltage, then started at low speed, the fuel cell is started, and after that, the high voltage of the fuel cell is supplied to the supply also changed the compressor unit. Under certain circumstances, a simple enough Diode for feeding the 12 volts into the inverter of the synchronous machine.

Wichtig in diesem Zusammenhang ist, dass der Umrichter Idealerweise den Betrieb an niedriger Spannung mit anderen Parametern durchführt als die Parameter für Betrieb mit hoher Spannung. Zu nennen wäre nicht nur die Regelparameter, sondern auch die PWM-Frequenz, die man niedriger wählt, um den Spannungswirkungsgrad zu verbessern.Important In this context, the inverter is ideally the Low voltage operation with parameters other than the parameters for High voltage operation. Not only the control parameters, but also the PWM frequency, which one chooses lower to to improve the voltage efficiency.

Zusammengefasst sind die Hauptmerkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung:

  • – eine Luftversorgungseinheit für Brennstoffzellen;
  • – mit einer Synchronmaschine als Antriebsmotor;
  • – welche Synchronmaschine atypisch für einen Startvorgang mit hoher Feldschwächung betrieben wird und damit eine bis zu vier mal so hohe Drehzahl erreicht als sie sonst der Spannung entspricht; und
  • – es wird fliegend auf die sich aufbauende Betriebsspannung der Brennstoffzelle umgeschaltet, so dass ein kompletter Startvorgang durchgeführt wird, ohne dass eine Hochvoltbatterie oder ähnliches erforderlich wäre.
In summary, the main features of the present invention are:
  • An air supply unit for fuel cells;
  • - With a synchronous machine as a drive motor;
  • - Which synchronous machine is operated atypically for a starting process with high field weakening and thus reaches a speed up to four times as high as it otherwise corresponds to the voltage; and
  • - It is flying over to the building up operating voltage of the fuel cell, so that a complete start-up operation is performed without a high-voltage battery or the like would be required.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Luftversorgungseinheit für Brennstoffzellen in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Turbolader, der einen Verdichter und eine Turbine umfasst, die auf einer gemeinsamen Welle angeordnet sind, und mit einer auf derselben Welle zwischen dem Verdichter und der Turbine angeordneten Elektromaschine, die einen auf der Welle befestigten Rotor und einen den Rotor umgebenden Stator aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektromaschine eine Synchronmaschine ist und während einer Startphase mit hoher Feldschwächung mittels der Starterbatterie des Kraftfahrzeugs angetrieben wird, bis die Brennstoffzelle mit genügend Leistung arbeitet, um die Synchronmaschine zu versorgen, wonach die Synchronmaschine mittels der Ausgangsspannung der Brennstoffzelle angetrieben wird.Method for operating an air supply unit for fuel cells in a motor vehicle, comprising a turbocharger comprising a compressor and a turbine, which are arranged on a common shaft, and having an electric machine arranged on the same shaft between the compressor and the turbine, which has an on the having shaft mounted rotor and a stator surrounding the rotor, characterized in that the electric machine is a synchronous machine and is driven during a start phase with high field weakening means of the starter battery of the motor vehicle until the fuel cell operates with sufficient power to power the synchronous machine, according to which the synchronous machine is driven by means of the output voltage of the fuel cell. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zuerst der Verdichter durch Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie erwärmt wird, dann der Verdichter durch Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie auf einer verhältnismäßig niedrigen Drehzahl gestartet wird, dann die Brennstoffzelle durch Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie angefahren wird und danach auf die Ausgangsspannung der Brennstoffzelle zur Versorgung der Synchronmaschine und des Verdichters umgeschaltet wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that first the compressor by operation of the synchronous machine by means the starter battery heats up is then the compressor by operation of the synchronous machine by means of the starter battery is started at a relatively low speed, then the fuel cell by operation of the synchronous machine by means the starter battery is started and then to the output voltage the fuel cell for supplying the synchronous machine and the Compressor is switched. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannung und der Strom für den Betrieb der Synchronmaschine während der Startphase über eine Diode von der Starterbatterie abgezweigt und einem Umrichter der Synchronmaschine zugeführt werden.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the voltage and the current for the operation of the synchronous machine while the starting phase over a diode branched off from the starter battery and a converter fed to the synchronous machine become. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsparameter des Umrichters bei Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie andere Betriebsparameter sind als bei Betrieb mittels der Brennstoffzelle.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the operating parameters of the inverter during operation the synchronous machine by means of the starter battery other operating parameters are as when operated by the fuel cell. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsparameter des Umrichters, die bei Betrieb der Synchronmaschine mittels der Starterbatterie und bei Betrieb mittels der Brennstoffzelle verschieden sind, die Regelparameter und/oder die PWM-Frequenz umfassen.Method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the operating parameters of the inverter when operating the synchronous machine by means of the starter battery and when operating by means of the fuel cell are different, the control parameters and / or the PWM frequency include. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die PWM-Frequenz bei Betrieb mittels der Starterbatterie kleiner ist als bei Betrieb mittels der Brennstoffzelle.Method according to claim 5, characterized in that that the PWM frequency during operation by means of the starter battery smaller is as in operation by means of the fuel cell. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Starterbatterie eine 12-Volt-Batterie ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the starter battery is a 12 volt battery.
DE102007011681A 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Air supply unit operation method for fuel cells in motor vehicle, involves driving electric machine using output voltage of fuel cell during starting phase with high field control until sufficient power output is achieved Withdrawn DE102007011681A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007011681A DE102007011681A1 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Air supply unit operation method for fuel cells in motor vehicle, involves driving electric machine using output voltage of fuel cell during starting phase with high field control until sufficient power output is achieved

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007011681A DE102007011681A1 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Air supply unit operation method for fuel cells in motor vehicle, involves driving electric machine using output voltage of fuel cell during starting phase with high field control until sufficient power output is achieved

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DE102007011681A Withdrawn DE102007011681A1 (en) 2007-03-09 2007-03-09 Air supply unit operation method for fuel cells in motor vehicle, involves driving electric machine using output voltage of fuel cell during starting phase with high field control until sufficient power output is achieved

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008044876A1 (en) 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Daimler Ag Air supply unit for a fuel cell
WO2010022828A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Daimler Ag Air supply unit for a fuel cell

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008044876A1 (en) 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Daimler Ag Air supply unit for a fuel cell
WO2010022828A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Daimler Ag Air supply unit for a fuel cell
DE102008044878A1 (en) 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Daimler Ag Air supply unit for a fuel cell
WO2010022827A1 (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-04 Daimler Ag Air supply unit for a fuel cell

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Effective date: 20140311