DE102006012241A1 - Method and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of air - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of air Download PDFInfo
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- DE102006012241A1 DE102006012241A1 DE102006012241A DE102006012241A DE102006012241A1 DE 102006012241 A1 DE102006012241 A1 DE 102006012241A1 DE 102006012241 A DE102006012241 A DE 102006012241A DE 102006012241 A DE102006012241 A DE 102006012241A DE 102006012241 A1 DE102006012241 A1 DE 102006012241A1
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- air stream
- air
- nitrogen
- pressure
- distillation column
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000883306 Huso huso Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PDEXVOWZLSWEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton xenon Chemical compound [Kr].[Xe] PDEXVOWZLSWEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04436—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
- F25J3/04454—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system a main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. serially coupling of columns or more than three pressure levels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
- F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
- F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
- F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
- F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
- F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung dienen zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft mit einem Destilliersäulen-System zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung (20), das mindestens eine Trennsäule (21, 22) aufweist. Ein Hauptluftstrom (1, 5) wird in einem Luftverdichter (2) verdichtet und in einer Reinigungsvorrichtung (4) gereinigt. Ein erster und ein zweiter Luftstrom (7, 8) werden aus dem Hauptluftstrom (5) abgezweigt. Der erste Luftstrom (7) wird in zwei seriell verbundenen Nachverdichtern (10, 13) nachverdichtet. Der nachverdichtete erste Luftstrom (15) wird durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch (16) abgekühlt und mindestens teilweise verflüssigt oder pseudoverflüssigt und anschließend in das Destilliersäulen-System zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung (20) eingeleitet. Der zweite Luftstrom (8) wird durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch (16) abgekühlt und anschließend in zwei Teilströme (24, 27) aufgeteilt, in zwei Entspannungsmaschinen (25, 28) arbeitsleistend entspannt, wobei die beiden Entspannungsmaschinen im Wesentlichen den gleichen Eintrittsdruck aufweisen. Die arbeitsleistend entspannten Teilströme (26, 29) des zweiten Luftstroms werden mindestens zum Teil in das Destilliersäulen-System zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung (20) eingeleitet (30, 129). Die bei der arbeitsleistenden Entspannung (25, 28) des zweiten Luftstroms erzeugte mechanische Energie wird mindestens teilweise zum Antrieb der beiden seriell verbundenen Nachverdichter (10, 13) genutzt. Ein flüssiger Produktstrom (31) ...The method and the device are used for the low-temperature separation of air with a distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation (20), which has at least one separation column (21, 22). A main air stream (1, 5) is compressed in an air compressor (2) and cleaned in a cleaning device (4). A first and a second air flow (7, 8) are branched off from the main air flow (5). The first air stream (7) is post-compressed in two series-connected post-compressors (10, 13). The post-compressed first air stream (15) is cooled by indirect heat exchange (16) and at least partially liquefied or pseudo-liquefied and then introduced into the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation (20). The second air stream (8) is cooled by indirect heat exchange (16) and then divided into two partial streams (24, 27), relaxed in two expansion machines (25, 28) while performing work, the two expansion machines having essentially the same inlet pressure. The work-relieved partial streams (26, 29) of the second air stream are at least partially introduced (30, 129) into the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation (20). The mechanical energy generated during the relaxation of work (25, 28) of the second air stream is at least partially used to drive the two series-connected post-compressors (10, 13). A liquid product stream (31) ...
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a process for the cryogenic separation of Air according to the generic term of claim 1
Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft sind zum Beispiel aus Hausen/Linde, Tieftemperaturtechnik, 2. Auflage 1985, Kapitel 4 (Seiten 281 bis 337) bekannt.method and devices for cryogenic separation of air are the Example from Hausen / Linde, cryogenic technology, 2nd edition 1985, chapter 4 (pages 281 to 337) known.
Das Destilliersäulen-System der Erfindung kann als Einsäulensystem zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung ausgebildet sein, als Zweisäulensystem (zum Beispiel als klassisches Linde-Doppelsäulensystem), oder auch als Drei- oder Mehrsäulensystem. Zusätzlich zu den Kolonnen zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung können weitere Vorrichtungen zur Gewinnung anderer Luftkomponenten, insbesondere von Edelgasen vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise eine Argon- oder eine Krypton-Xenon-Gewinnung.The Distillation column system The invention can be used as a single pillar system for nitrogen-oxygen separation be formed as a two-pillar system (For example, as a classic Linde double column system), or as Three or more column system. additionally to the columns for nitrogen-oxygen separation can more Devices for obtaining other air components, in particular of Noble gases may be provided, for example an argon or a Krypton-xenon recovery.
Die
Erfindung betrifft insbesondere ein Verfahren, in dem mindestens
ein gasförmiges
Druckprodukt gewonnen wird, indem ein flüssiger Produktstrom aus dem
Destilliersäulen-System
zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung entnommen, in flüssigem Zustand
auf einen erhöhten
Druck gebracht und unter diesem erhöhten Druck durch indirektem
Wärmeaustausch
verdampft oder (bei überkritischem
Druck) pseudo-verdampft
wird. Derartige Innenverdichtungsverfahren sind zum Beispiel bekannt
aus
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein derartiges Verfahren und eine entsprechende Vorrichtung wirtschaftlich besonders günstig zu gestalten.Of the Invention is based on the object, such a method and a corresponding device economically particularly favorable shape.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass beide Nachverdichter mit einer Eintrittstemperatur betrieben werden, die höher als 250 K, insbesondere höher als 270 K ist.These Task is solved by that both booster operated at an inlet temperature be higher as 250 K, especially higher than 270K.
Beide Nachverdichter werden also im Warmen betrieben. Hierdurch kann man wohl erprobte Technik einsetzen, zum Beispiel zwei identische Turbinen-Booster-Kombinationen. Außerdem wird das Wärmetauscher-Volumen relativ gering und damit werden Investitionskosten gespart.Both After-compressors are therefore operated in the warm. This one can well-proven technology, for example, two identical turbine-booster combinations. In addition, will the heat exchanger volume relatively low and thus investment costs are saved.
Die Entspannungsmaschinen sind vorzugsweise als Turbinen ausgebildet. Sie weisen "im Wesentlichen denselben Einstrittsdruck" auf, das heißt ihre Eintrittsdrücke unterscheiden sich allenfalls durch verschiedene Druckverluste in Leitungen, Wärmetauscherpassagen oder Ähnlichem. Die Eintrittstemperaturen der beiden Entspannungsmaschinen sind gleich oder verschieden und liegen auf einem oder zwei Zwischenniveaus zwischen dem warmen und dem kalten Ende des Hauptwärmetauschers.The Relaxation machines are preferably designed as turbines. They essentially point same inlet pressure ", that is theirs admission pressures differ at best by different pressure losses in Lines, heat exchanger passages or similar. The inlet temperatures of the two expansion machines are the same or different and are at one or two intermediate levels between the warm and the cold end of the main heat exchanger.
Die Erfindung ist auf Verfahren mit genau zwei Luftströmen und der Unterteilung des zweiten Luftstroms in genau zwei Teilströme anwendbar. Alternativ können bei der Erfindung auch ein oder mehrere zusätzliche Luftströme und/oder ein oder mehrere zusätzliche Teilströme eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, drei oder mehr Entspannungsmaschinen einzusetzen. Diese können, müssen aber nicht, eintrittsseitig parallel geschaltet sein.The Invention is to method with exactly two air streams and the subdivision of the second air flow in exactly two streams applicable. Alternatively you can in the invention also one or more additional air streams and / or one or more additional ones substreams be used. For example, it is possible to have three or more relaxation machines use. These can, have to but not, be connected in parallel on the inlet side.
Die zwei oder mehr Entspannungsmaschinen der Erfindung können auch austrittsseitig parallel geschaltet sein, das heißt im Wesentlichen den gleichen Austrittsdruck und im Wesentlichen die gleiche Austrittstemperatur aufweisen. Alternativ dazu weisen mindestens zwei der eintrittsseitig parallel geschalteten Entspannungsmaschinen unterschiedliche Drücke auf.The Two or more relaxation machines of the invention may also be connected in parallel on the outlet side, that is essentially the same outlet pressure and substantially the same outlet temperature exhibit. Alternatively, at least two of the entry side parallel relaxation machines on different pressures.
Die Übertragung der mechanische Energie aus der arbeitsleistenden Entspannung wird vorzugsweise durch eine direkte mechanische Kopplung einer ersten der beiden parallel geschalteten Entspannungsmaschinen mit dem ersten der beiden seriell verbundenen Nachverdichter und durch eine direkte mechanische Kopplung der zweiten der beiden Entspannungsmaschinen mit dem zweiten der beiden Nachverdichter bewirkt.The transfer the mechanical energy from the work performing relaxation becomes preferably by a direct mechanical coupling of a first the two parallel relaxation machines with the first of the two serially connected booster and by a direct mechanical Coupling of the second of the two expansion machines with the second causes the two booster.
Besonders günstig ist die Anwendung der Erfindung auf ein Zwei- oder Mehr-Säulen-System, das mindestens eine Hochdrucksäule und eine Niederdrucksäule aufweist, wobei der Betriebsdruck der Niederdrucksäule niedriger als der Betriebsdruck der Hochdrucksäule ist.Particularly advantageous is the application of the invention to a two- or multi-column system having at least one high pressure column and a low pressure column, wherein the operating pressure of Low pressure column is lower than the operating pressure of the high pressure column.
Vorzugsweise wird ein erster der beiden Teilströme stromabwärts seiner arbeitsleistenden Entspannung in die Hochdrucksäule eingeleitet. Der Austrittsdruck der entsprechenden Entspannungsturbine liegt dabei etwa auf dem Niveau des Betriebsdrucks der Hochdrucksäule.Preferably becomes a first of the two sub-streams downstream of its work Relaxation in the high-pressure column initiated. The outlet pressure of the corresponding expansion turbine is approximately at the level of the operating pressure of the high pressure column.
Der zweite der beiden Teilströme kann dann ebenfalls auf etwa Hochdrucksäulendruck entspannt und beispielsweise gemeinsam mit den ersten in die Hochdrucksäule eingeleitet werden.Of the second of the two partial streams can then also relaxed to about high-pressure column pressure and, for example are introduced together with the first in the high-pressure column.
Alternativ dazu wird der zweite der beiden Teilströme des zweiten Luftstroms mindestens zum Teil in die Niederdrucksäule eingeleitet. Damit ist es möglich, den Austrittsdruck der entsprechenden Entspannungsturbine niedriger zu wählen und durch das erhöhte Druckverhältnis mehr Arbeit bei der Entspannung zu leisten und damit mehr Kälte zu erzeugen.alternative For this purpose, the second of the two partial flows of the second air flow is at least partly in the low pressure column initiated. This makes it possible the outlet pressure of the corresponding expansion turbine lower to choose and by the increased pressure ratio to do more work in terms of relaxation and thereby generate more cold.
Bei einem Drei- oder Mehr-Säulen-System, wenn also das Destilliersäulen-System zur Stickstoff-Sauerstoff-Trennung eine Hochdrucksäule, eine Mitteldrucksäule und eine Niederdrucksäule aufweist, die unter verschiedenen Drücken betrieben werden, kann der erste Teilstrom mindestens zum Teil in die Hochdrucksäule und der zweite Teilstrom mindestens zum Teil in die Mitteldrucksäule und/oder die Niederdrucksäule eingeleitet werden.at a three or more pillar system, though So the distillation column system for nitrogen-oxygen separation, a high-pressure column, a medium-pressure column and a low pressure column which can be operated under different pressures can the first partial flow at least partially into the high-pressure column and the second partial flow at least partially into the medium-pressure column and / or the Low-pressure column be initiated.
In vielen Fällen ist es günstig, wenn der erste Luftstrom stromaufwärts des ersten Nachverdichters und der erste Luftstrom stromabwärts des zweiten Nachverdichters in indirekten Wärmeaustausch gebracht werden. Hierbei wird der erste Luftstrom vor dem ersten Nachverdichter angewärmt und nach dem zweiten Nachverdichter wieder abgekühlt. Damit tritt der erste Luftstrom mit einer Temperatur in den Hauptwärmetauscher ein, die niedriger als die Temperatur nach dem zweiten Nachverdichter beziehungsweise nach dessen Nachkühler ist. Typischerweise beträgt diese Temperaturdifferenz 1 bis 10 K, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 K. Damit können die Produktströme unter niedrigerer Temperatur aus dem Hauptwärmetauscher abgeführt werden, was günstige Auswirkungen für die Vorkühlung der Luft und für das Kühlen des Molekularsiebs für die Luftreinigung hat.In many cases is it cheap when the first airflow upstream of the first booster and the first airflow downstream the second post-compressor are brought into indirect heat exchange. Here, the first air flow is warmed before the first booster and cooled again after the second booster. This is the first step Air flow at a temperature in the main heat exchanger, the lower as the temperature after the second booster or after its aftercooler is. Typically, this is this temperature difference 1 to 10 K, preferably 2 to 5 K. Thus can the product streams be removed from the main heat exchanger at a lower temperature, what favorable effects for the Pre-cooling the air and for the cooling of the molecular sieve for the air purification has.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich werden klassische Zwischen- beziehungsweise Nachkühler eingesetzt, welche die in den Nachverdichtern anfallende Kompression durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch mit einem externen Kühlmittel, beispielsweise mit Kühlwasser, entfernen. Hierbei können ein oder zwei Nachkühler eingesetzt werden, indem nur der erste Nachverdichter, nur der zweite Nachverdichter oder beide Nachverdichter je einen Nachkühler aufweisen. Grundsätzlich ist es auch möglich, auf Nachkühler und den oben beschriebenen indirekten Wärmeaustausch vollständig zu verzichten. In der Regel weist jedoch mindestens der erste Nachverdichter einen Nachkühler (Zwischenkühler) auf.alternative or additionally Are used classic intermediate and aftercooler, which the compression in the booster compressors by indirect heat exchange with an external coolant, for example, with cooling water, remove. Here you can one or two aftercoolers be used by only the first booster, only the second After-compressor or both booster each have an aftercooler. in principle it is also possible on aftercooler and the above-described indirect heat exchange completely without. In general, however, at least the first post-compressor an aftercooler (Intercooler) on.
Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft gemäß Patentanspruch 9.The Invention also relates a device for cryogenic separation of air according to claim 9th
Die Erfindung sowie weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im Folgenden anhand von in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen:The Invention and further details of the invention are hereinafter Based on schematically illustrated in the drawings embodiments explained in more detail. in this connection demonstrate:
In
dem Ausführungsbeispiel
von
Der
erste Luftstrom wird in einem Booster-Wärmetauscher
Nicht
nachverdichtet wird der zweite Luftstrom
Aus
der Niederdrucksäule
In
dem Ausführungsbeispiel
der
Der
Booster-Wärmetauscher
Die
erste Abwandlung betrifft den Austrittsdruck der zweiten Turbine
In
einer zweiten Abwandlung ist der zweite Nachverdichter
Abweichend
von dem Ausführungsbeispiel
in
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (6)
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DE102006012241A DE102006012241A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | Method and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of air |
US12/282,606 US20090188280A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-03-06 | Process and device for low-temperature separation of air |
CN2007800135967A CN101421575B (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-03-06 | Method and apparatus for fractionating air at low temperatures |
EP07723062A EP1994344A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-03-06 | Method and apparatus for fractionating air at low temperatures |
PCT/EP2007/001917 WO2007104449A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-03-06 | Method and apparatus for fractionating air at low temperatures |
JP2008558680A JP2009529648A (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-03-06 | Cryogenic air separation method and apparatus |
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DE102006012241A DE102006012241A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | Method and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of air |
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DE102006012241A1 true DE102006012241A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
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DE102006012241A Withdrawn DE102006012241A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | Method and apparatus for the cryogenic separation of air |
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US (1) | US20090188280A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1994344A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009529648A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101421575B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006012241A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007104449A1 (en) |
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- 2007-03-06 JP JP2008558680A patent/JP2009529648A/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-06 WO PCT/EP2007/001917 patent/WO2007104449A1/en active Application Filing
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EP2466236A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-06-20 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for creating a gaseous, pressurised product by the cryogenic decomposition of air |
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EP3179185A1 (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the low-temperature decomposition of air and air separation plant |
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EP1994344A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
CN101421575A (en) | 2009-04-29 |
US20090188280A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
JP2009529648A (en) | 2009-08-20 |
CN101421575B (en) | 2012-11-07 |
WO2007104449A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
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