DE102005027576A1 - Piston driving method for internal combustion engine involves driving piston cyclically within cylinder when air/fuel mixture combusts - Google Patents

Abstract

A compressed air/fuel mixture is generated outside of a cylinder (3) during a first process. During a second process the air/fuel mixture is ignited such that the air/fuel mixture combusts, thereby driving a piston (2) cyclically within the cylinder. Independent claims are also included for the following: (A) a drive device; and (B) an internal combustion engine.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a device for driving a piston of an internal combustion engine.

combustion engines compress a mixture of fuel and air that either itself inflamed or by means of ignition contacts (Spark plug) inflamed is, and have one or more in each a workspace out Piston on, by or in the explosive combustion of the fuel-air mixture resulting pressure cyclically driven is or are and, generally via one connected to the piston Connecting rod and a crankshaft that produce desired movement. Of the Working space is in the vast majority of engines a cylinder in which a likewise cylindrical piston between a top dead center (OT) and a bottom dead center (UT) cyclically back and forth. Internal combustion engines with cylinders are both the gasoline engines, at which is used as fuel gasoline and the fuel-air mixture in general by means of one or more spark plugs is ignited externally, as well as the diesel engines, where the fuel-air mixture is self-igniting, by facing it the gasoline engine to a higher Pressure in the cylinder is compressed (30 to 55 bar in the diesel engine compared to 10 to 20 bar when gasoline engine when compressing and 60 to 120 bar in the diesel engine compared to 40 to 60 bar at Petrol engine when working). But also known is a rotary engine (Wankel engine), in which a three-sided rotary piston is moved eccentrically in a working chamber. The interior of a cylinder between OT and UT of the piston is referred to as displacement, the distance between OT and UT of the piston as a stroke.

at all known internal combustion engines, the fuel-air mixture within of the working space, that is inside the cylinder, compressed and burned after ignition. The compression space for the Compression and the combustion chamber for combustion are above of the piston inside the cylinder. The efficiency of the engine depends on the compression ratio that's the relationship from the sum of the volume of the displacement and the compression space on the one hand and the volume of the compression chamber on the other hand corresponds.

the Cylinder must be fed cyclically fresh fuel-air mixture and the burned exhaust gas must be removed from the cylinder. For this Gas changes are usually the two-stroke working method and, much more frequently, the four-stroke working method used.

At the Two-stroke work process and associated two-stroke engine are slots provided in the cylinder wall, wherein in the expansion stroke of the downward Piston releases the upper part of the outlet slots and the combustion gases flow out of the outlet slots. Later the deeper inlet slots are released, through which under overpressure a fresh fuel-air mixture flows into the cylinder and the There still displaced combustion gases displaced. This rinse period The gas exchange is by the upward piston and the Covering the slots again finished.

At the Four-stroke engine and the corresponding four-stroke gas exchange is in a first cycle, the intake stroke, the piston moves from OT to UT and through open Inlet valves become fuel-air mixture by the resulting negative pressure sucked into the space located above the piston of the cylinder. The exhaust valve remains closed. Shortly after the piston is on its UT, each intake valve) is closed again.

in the second cycle, the compression stroke, is closed with valves the in-cylinder fuel-air mixture by the after above going piston increasingly compressed (compressed) and, briefly before the piston reaches its TDC, the fuel-air mixture becomes inflamed, the petrol or gasoline engine by a head in the upper part of the cylinder arranged spark plug and the diesel engine by autoignition of the mixture.

By the combustion of the mixture now increases the pressure in the cylinder greatly on and in the third bar, the so-called work stroke, moves the piston again from OT to UT due to this pressure. While these Work cycle transfers now the Piston the compressive force of combustion through the connecting rod on the Crankshaft and crankshaft is going through every stroke put the piston in a rotary motion. Stay during the work cycle the valves are closed. Just before reaching the UT of the piston the exhaust valve opened. By premature opening of the exhaust valve before UT, the combustion pressure is reduced faster.

In a fourth stroke, the so-called exhaust stroke or exhaust stroke, the upward cylinder pushes the burned gases (exhaust gases, combustion gases) out of the cylinder via the exhaust valve out into the exhaust pipe or exhaust. During the fourth stroke or exhaust stroke, the intake valve opens shortly before TDC again for the subsequent intake stroke of the second Ar beitszyklus.

By the cyclic succession of work strokes becomes one turn the crankshaft generates, being offset by several cylinders work together, a quieter engine can be achieved.

at the internal combustion engines, the fuel-air mixture in advance a carburetor are generated and then fed to the cylinder. In modern engines, the fuel as well as the air is directly in introduced the cylinder, the fuel usually over a injection under a high pressure is injected. The injection pressures are up to 1000 bar. The compression and combustion of the fuel-air mixture happens but always in the working space of the cylinder.

combustion engines One finds especially in the field of motor vehicles. For passenger cars (Cars) are usually shorter Strokes for the pistons used as trucks (lorries) and buses.

Of the The invention is based on the object, a new device and a new method of driving a piston of an internal combustion engine specify.

These Task is according to the invention solved by a method having the features of claim 1 or a Device with the features of claim 31.

• a) In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird außerhalb des Arbeitsraumes des Kolbens ein verdichtetes Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch erzeugt,
• b) in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt wird das verdichtete Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch gezündet und der bei der Verbrennung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches entstehende Verbrennungsdruck treibt den Kolben (2) an.

The method according to claim 1 is suitable and intended for driving a piston of an internal combustion engine that moves, preferably cyclically, in a working space, and comprises the method steps:

• a) In a first method step, a compressed fuel-air mixture is generated outside the working chamber of the piston,
• b) in a second method step, the compressed fuel-air mixture is ignited and the combustion pressure generated during combustion of the fuel-air mixture drives the piston ( 2 ) at.

• a) einen Arbeitsraum für den Kolben, in dem sich der Kolben bewegt,
• b) wenigstens einen Verdichtungsraum, der außerhalb des Arbeitsraumes des Kolbens angeordnet ist,
• c) wenigstens eine dem Verdichtungsraum zugeordnete Einrichtung zum Einleiten oder Erzeugen eines verdichteten Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemischs in den bzw. dem Verdichtungsraum.

The apparatus according to claim 31 is suitable and intended for driving a piston of an internal combustion engine and is particularly suitable and comprises for carrying out a method according to the invention

• a) a working space for the piston in which the piston moves,
• b) at least one compression space, which is arranged outside the working space of the piston,
• c) at least one device associated with the compression chamber for introducing or generating a compressed fuel-air mixture into the compression space or the compression space.

The Invention is based on a new principle, in which the working space of the piston no compression of the fuel (or: fuel) -air mixture more takes place. It is thus in contrast to the known internal combustion engines on the compression process or compression chamber in the work space the piston is omitted. Rather, a condensed (or compressed) Fuel-air-gas mixture outside or outside the working space of the Produced piston. The compressed fuel-air mixture is in the Generally in an outside of the working space of the piston arranged compression space (or: Preparation room, mixture production or treatment room) generated or provided, preferably by means of a compressor (or: compressor).

There the piston according to the invention not compressed, it can run easier and faster, so that arise new engine characteristics. So first is a fuel economy possible. On the other hand, the over affects the running time or service life increasing wear of the piston and the working space wall no longer negative on the compression of the fuel-air mixture and thus on the performance like in the prior art.

The Compaction of the fuel-air mixture can rather over the lifetime of the engine by means of not wear as the piston subjected to external compressor kept substantially constant become. Thus, the engine characteristic and / or the engine power remain over the Service life of the engine largely constant. This increases not the fuel consumption with aging piston / engine in contrast to the prior art.

It It should be noted here that the term fuel-air mixture far is interpreted and all together exothermic and generally via oxidation reactions should include combustible mixtures, so for example, deviations the gas composition of the air composition, in particular through a different oxygen content to pure oxygen.

advantageous Embodiments and developments of the method and the device according to the invention emerge from the claim 1 or 31 respectively dependent claims.

The combustion process in which the Combustion fuel-air mixture can take place as in known engines within the working space of the piston.

In a particular embodiment combustion takes place at least partially outside the working space, preferably in a separate, additional combustion chamber (or: combustion chamber). The compressed fuel-air-gas mixture is thus outside the working space, preferably in the combustion chamber, brought to ignition, self-igniting or with spark ignition. The combustion chamber and the working chamber of the piston are in communication with each other, which is a transfer of the Combustion pressure allowed on the piston in the working space.

The Power of the piston of the internal combustion engine is in this embodiment no longer dependent on the stroke or displacement of the piston, but in particular on the Volume of the external combustion chamber (as parameter or parameter) adjustable, while the stroke of the piston and the working space geometry within wide limits are freely selectable, without significantly affecting the performance.

The transfer the combustion pressure is preferably via a flow passage (or: flow channel, Flow opening) between the at least one combustion chamber and the working space. The flow passage can, generally by an actuatable closing device, preferably a valve, closed or opened so that the flow connection between combustion chamber and work space produced or interrupted can be. In the first process step then the flow passage before generating or feeding of the fuel-air mixture locked. In the second process step, the flow passage opened between the combustion chamber and the work space and then the Fuel-air mixture ignited in the combustion chamber, reducing the working pressure is exerted on the piston in the working space.

A transmission the combustion pressure would be but also at least partially over a non-gaseous Medium conceivable, for example, a membrane and / or a liquid (Hydraulic).

Of the Combustion chamber preferably serves as a compression chamber at the same time.

In an advantageous embodiment Air and fuel are separated from each other in the combustion chamber or compression chamber introduced and the fuel-air mixture is only generated in the combustion chamber or compression chamber. Since that of the compression room available gas volume is not dependent on the position of the piston, the fuel-air mixture in the compression space is preferably compressed by introducing compressed air or as compressed Mixture produced. The compression pressure of the compressed air is typically between 5 bar and 60 bar. Similarly, the already mixed Fuel-air mixture be compressed in advance. For compression is preferably a used external compressor, in particular one with the fuel or preferably electrically operated turbomachine.

Additionally or as an alternative to compression, the air or the fuel-air mixture before the ignition of the fuel-air mixture to one or more predetermined Preheated temperatures, in particular before the introduction into the compression chamber and / or in the compression space. This can be done in the compression chamber or in a gas channel in front of the inlet device at least one Heating device may be provided, which is electrically or with the fuel is operated. Alternatively or additionally, in the combustion chamber also the residual heat a previous combustion process for preheating the air or the fuel-air mixture can be used. The predetermined one Temperature of the air or the fuel-air mixture during preheating is preferably between about 300 ° C up to 550 ° C, especially between 400 ° C and 500 ° C, set when the fuel is gasoline (gasoline engine), and between about 400 ° C and 950 ° C, especially between 500 ° C and 900 ° C, if the fuel is diesel (diesel engine).

Either the compression as well as the preheating of the fuel-air mixture and / or the air are used for better ignition of the fuel-air mixture.

In an advantageous embodiment will be in at least one following the second process step third method step, preferably via at least one of the working space associated outlet, the combustion gases combustion of the combusted fuel-air mixture and possibly unburned fuel-air mixture from the working space and / or from the combustion chamber and / or from the flow passage and / or out one located between the piston and the flow passage Interspace (or: interior or gas space in the work space) of the work space discharged (gas exchange).

in the Generally, at least one combustion chamber valve or compression space valve to open or closing the flow passage and / or the introduction device (s) provided.

It can Two-stroke or four-stroke work to be realized.

The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments. Reference is made to the drawing, in whose 1 to 5 a first embodiment and 6 to 11 a second embodiment of a device according to the invention is schematically illustrated in each case in different operating states or working process steps. Corresponding parts and sizes are in the 1 to 11 provided with the same reference numerals.

The device according to the 1 to 5 is to driving a piston 2 an internal combustion engine suitable and determined and includes for this purpose a cylinder 3 as working space for the piston 2 and one above the cylinder head 33 of the cylinder 3 arranged combustion chamber 4 , The piston 2 moves in the cylinder 3 cyclically up and down between a top dead center OT and a bottom end point, the bottom dead center UT. The volume of between the piston 2 and the cylinder wall 30 of the cylinder 3 formed intermediate space 34 inside the cylinder 3 is thus smallest at OT and largest at UT. In this space 34 lead to the cylinder head 33 an inlet 31 that with an inlet valve 11 is closable, and an outlet 32 that with an exhaust valve 12 is closable.

Over a connecting rod 10 is the piston 2 generally connected to a crankshaft, for example for driving a motor vehicle such as a car or a truck or a bus.

Between the combustion chamber 4 and the gap 34 in the cylinder 3 is a flow passage 5 formed as a gas passage. This flow passage 5 can be closed or opened via a combustion chamber valve G. The combustion chamber valve 6 is formed in cross-section T-shaped and has a disc-shaped, in particular circular disk-shaped, transverse part 60 and a longitudinal part 63 on and is along the longitudinal part 63 axially within the combustion chamber 4 , in the illustrated embodiments, from top to bottom and vice versa, movable. In the upper end position beats the combustion chamber valve 6 with the top 61 of the crosspiece 60 both at one the air intake 41 surrounding valve seat 45 as well as at one the fuel inlet 42 surrounding valve seat 46 and seals or closes the air intake at the same time 41 and the fuel inlet 42 from. In the lower or opposite end position, however, lies the bottom 62 of the crosspiece 60 at one the flow passage 5 surrounding valve seat 44 and seals the flow passage 5 off, leaving the combustion chamber 4 and the gap 34 in the cylinder 3 are fluidically separated from each other.

In the combustion chamber 4 are also at the of the flow passage 5 facing away from an air intake 41 and a fuel inlet 42 arranged. The air intake 41 is over an air duct 51 with one, only in 1 indicated, air compressor 9 connected, the compressed air L at a predetermined pressure in the flow channel 51 passes. In the flow channel 51 is also a heater 8th , For example, an electric heating coil or a fuel-powered combustion heater, arranged to heat the air L of the compressor 9 to predetermined temperature (s). The pressure of the compressed air L at the outlet of the compressor 9 is typically between 5 bar to 20 bar for gasoline as fuel KS and between 20 bar to 60 bar for diesel fuel KS. The temperature to which the compressed air L with the heater 8th may be between 300 ° C and 550 ° C, preferably 400 ° C to 500 ° C, for a gasoline engine and between 500 ° C and 950 ° C, preferably 600 ° C to 900 ° C, for a diesel engine. Of course, the higher temperature further increases the pressure of the compressed air L. The thus compressed and preheated air L can then pass through the air inlet 41 in the combustion chamber 4 be initiated when the combustion chamber valve 6 not in the upper position.

About the fuel inlet 42 can fuel, especially gasoline or diesel, by means of an injector 7 , in particular an injection nozzle, into the combustion chamber 4 be initiated when the combustion chamber valve 6 not in the upper position.

In 1 is the combustion chamber valve 6 in the lower position and closes the flow passage 5 between combustion chamber 4 and the gap 34 between pistons 2 and cylinders 3 , At the same time are now the air intake 41 and the fuel inlet 42 open and the compressor 9 compressed and from the heater 8th heated air L flows through the air inlet 41 in the combustion chamber 4 and mixes with that of the injector 7 over the fuel inlet 42 injected fuel KS to a fuel-air mixture L + KS, which is then under a predetermined pressure and a correspondingly elevated temperature. The piston 2 moves in 1 up to his OT. The air inlet valve 11 on the cylinder head 33 closes the air intake 31 while the exhaust valve 12 is open and through the outlet 32 The piston 2 the gas in the gap 34 with the decreasing volume of the gap 34 displaced and through the outlet 32 pushes outward. As a result, the gas condenses in the space 34 not and the piston 2 can move up without resistance.

According to 2 Now the combustion chamber ven til 6 moved up to the upper end position and now closes the air inlet 41 and the fuel inlet 42 during the flow passage 5 is released. At TDC or shortly after reaching the TDC of the piston 2 will now be over the spark plug 43 the fuel-air mixture L + KS in the combustion chamber 4 , in the flow passage 5 as well as in the remaining space 34 located fuel-air mixture L + KS ignited and burned explosively. The inlet valve 11 stays closed. The outlet valve 12 will be in time before the ignition, for example shortly after TDC of the piston 2 closed. The combustion pressure p exerts a pressure on the piston in the direction of the arrow shown 2 down from the bottom of the piston 2 accelerated downwards. 2 So shows the power stroke of the device.

In that, in 3 shown, the next step moves the piston still in the power stroke down and is nearing UT. The combustion chamber valve 6 is moved down from its upper position, thereby opening the air inlet 41 and the fuel inlet 42 , The fuel supply via the injector 7 is deactivated, so that at this stage no fuel KS through the fuel inlet 42 can get. The compressed and optionally preheated air L flows out of the air inlet 41 in the combustion chamber 4 and flushes the combustion gases resulting from the combustion or exhaust gases A together with the air L already at least partially from the combustion chamber 4 and the outlet 32 with the exhaust valve open 12 out.

Alternatively, the method step according to 3 omitted, that is, the valve position of the combustion chamber valve 6 and the exhaust valve 12 can also during the entire downward movement, that is, the entire power stroke, of the piston 2 in the position according to 2 remain.

4 now shows an operating state of the device, in which the piston 2 again from UT upwards to OT moves in on the power stroke according to 2 and possibly 3 following clock. The combustion chamber valve 6 is moved down, but is still in a middle position, where both the air intake 41 , the fuel inlet 42 as well as the flow passage 5 from the combustion chamber valve 6 not closed. Furthermore, there are also the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 on the cylinder 3 in the open position. About the air intake 31 fresh air FL flows into the gap 34 and over the air intake 41 compressed air L flows into the combustion chamber 4 and through the flow passage 5 in the gap 34 , The upwardly moving piston 2 displaces the gas mixture A + L + FL from the still in the interspace 34 located exhaust gases A and the via the air inlet 41 the air L and the inlet 31 Inflow fresh air FL through the outlet 32 outward. In the step according to 4 So it is an exhaust stroke for gas exchange.

According to 5 the piston moves 2 following the clock according to 4 back down to UT. The inlet valve 11 is opened, the exhaust valve 12 closed and the combustion chamber valve 6 placed in the lower position to close the flow passage 5 , To compensate for the otherwise by the downward movement of the piston 2 resulting negative pressure flows through the open inlet 31 Fresh air FL in the gap 34 , At the same time it is already in the cylinder 3 through the combustion chamber valve 6 completed combustion chamber 4 new fuel-air mixture generated by moving back through the open air intake 41 compressed and preheated air L and through the fuel inlet 42 Fuel KS in the combustion chamber 4 is initiated.

Following the operating state according to 5 the piston moves 2 back up and it closes again the clock or step according to 1 at.

In a four-stroke work process in which the piston moves four times in a work cycle, namely once up, down once, up again and back down, so are all process steps or operating conditions according to the 1 to 5 go through one after the other. The method steps according to 4 and 5 cause an additional air purge for gas exchange and cooling and thus protection of the piston 2 and the materials of the combustion chamber and working space from thermal overloads.

In a two-stroke operation, in which the piston runs twice in one cycle, only once up and once down, the process steps according to FIG 4 and 5 and the sequence of the method steps is carried out according to 1 . 2 and 3 and then starting again cyclically 1 . 2 . 3 etc .. The gas exchange takes place here so by the upward movement of the piston 2 in an exhaust stroke according to 2 on the one hand and also the fresh air supply according to 1 in the downward movement of the piston 2 on the other hand. In the two-stroke version also eliminates the air intake valve 11 that in the 1 . 2 and 3 is continuously in the closed position and thus obviously has no function in the sequence of these steps.

The working method thus consists of a cyclical sequence of method steps which repeat themselves in the same order. Arrange the order now in analogy to the known working method of internal combustion engines, one can describe the working methods in an advantageous embodiment as follows:

Two-stroke operating procedures

• Clock 1: Piston moves from TDC to TDC (cf. 2 and 3 ): ∙ at TDC or shortly after TDC becomes exhaust valve 12 closed, the combustion chamber valve 6 is actuated and gives flow passage 5 free and closes air intake 41 and fuel inlet 42 , ∙ then ignite the fuel-air mixture and drive the piston downwards from OT to UT (power stroke) ∙ even before UT becomes combustion chamber valve 6 placed in a middle position and gives air intake 41 free and exhaust valve 12 is opened, compressed air L now flows through the combustion chamber 4 and the upper space 34 of the cylinder 3 and with the exhaust gases A through the outlet 32 directed to the outside (gas exchange) (cf. 3 ).
• Cycle 2: Piston moves upwards from BDC to TDC (cf. 1 ) ∙ combustion chamber valve 6 closes flow passage 5 and gives air intake 41 and fuel inlet 42 free, exhaust valve 12 opened ∙ In the combustion chamber 4 is generated fuel-air mixture. The piston displaces gas through the outlet 32 to the outside (gas exchange).

In analogy to the conventional designations, you can beat the clock 1 as a working cycle. The beat 2 But in contrast to the prior art is not exhaust stroke and at the same time compression stroke, but only an exhaust stroke.

Four-stroke working procedures

• Clock 1: Piston moves down from OT to UT (cf. 5 ) ∙ exhaust valve 12 is closed shortly after TDC, combustion chamber valve 6 closes flow passage 5 , Inlet valve 11 stays open ∙ In the combustion chamber 4 is generated fuel-air mixture. In the gap 34 Fresh air FL flows through the inlet 31 (Intake stroke, gas exchange, cooling).
• Cycle 2: Piston moves upwards from BDC to TDC (cf. 1 ) ∙ shortly after UT becomes inlet valve 11 closed and exhaust valve 12 opened, combustion chamber valve 6 closes flow passage 5 and gives air intake 41 and fuel inlet 42 free, inlet valve 11 is closed, exhaust valve 12 open (2-valve overlap) ∙ In the combustion chamber 4 is generated fuel-air mixture. The piston displaces gas through the outlet 32 to the outside (gas change, exhaust stroke). ∙ inlet valve 11 is closed shortly before TDC
• Cycle 3: Piston moves from TDC to TDC (cf. 2 and 3 ): ∙ exhaust valve 12 is closed shortly after TDC, right after the combustion chamber valve 6 actuates and gives flow passage 5 free and closes air intake 41 and fuel inlet 42 , Inlet valve 11 stays closed. ∙ Igniting the fuel-air mixture and driving the piston downwards from OT to UT (power stroke) ∙ before UT becomes combustion chamber valve 6 placed in a middle position and gives air intake 41 free and exhaust valve 12 opens, inlet valve 11 remains closed (gas change, cf. 3 ).
• Bar 4: piston moves back up from BDC to BDC (cf. 4 ) ∙ combustion chamber valve 6 is brought into center position and moves to the position for closing the flow passage 5 out. Air inlet valve 11 is opened, exhaust valve 12 is also opened (3-valve overlap) ∙ Through air inlet 41 compressed air L flows into the combustion chamber 4 and through the flow passage 5 in the gap 34 , By air intake 31 Fresh air FL flows into intermediate space 34 , ∙ By the piston movement of the piston 2 upwards, the gas is released from the gap 34 through the outlet 32 ejected (gas change, exhaust stroke, cf. 4 ) ∙ inlet valve 11 is opened shortly before TDC

In Analogy to the conventional names in the four-stroke engine you can clock 1 as the intake stroke, the clock 3 as a working cycle and the clock 4 as the exhaust stroke describe. The clock 2 is in contrast to the prior art not compression stroke, but an additional exhaust stroke for gas exchange. In cycle 1 or intake stroke and no working mixture is sucked, but only air.

Instead of the one combustion chamber valve 6 can also separate, independently controllable valves for closing the air inlet 41 , the fuel intake 42 and the flow passage 5 at the combustion chamber 4 be provided.

In a particular embodiment, the ignition means, in particular the ignition contact or the spark plug 43 also on the crosspiece 60 of the combustion chamber valve 6 , Preferably, in a central region, be arranged and the electrical line for supplying the ignition contact with the current necessary for the arc then through the longitudinal part 63 be guided.

In the in the 6 to 11 shown further embodiment is not an external Brenn room provided as in the 1 to 5 but the mixture is ignited in the working space of the piston similar to conventional engines. However, the measure is maintained that the piston 2 do not compact the mixture before igniting. Rather, according to the 6 to 11 an external compression space 14 outside the workroom 3 of the piston 2 , for example, above the working space 3 provided, which takes the place of the combustion chamber 4 according to 1 to 5 occurs.

This compression space 14 is with the gap 34 in the workroom 3 of the piston 2 via a flow passage 5 connected by means of a compression chamber valve 16 lockable and reopenable. The compression chamber valve 16 is similar to the combustion chamber valve 4 in the 1 to 5 with a flat crosspiece 26 to complete the flow passage 5 and a rod-shaped longitudinal part 27 (only in 8th ) Shown. The compression chamber valve 16 is at the end remote from the cross member of the longitudinal part 27 through the wall of the compression chamber 14 guided and outside of a spring 29 and a rotatable cam 28 acted upon and can thereby be moved up and down in the longitudinal direction, wherein the transverse part 26 in the upper position at the intermediate space 34 facing edge of flow passage 5 sealingly abuts and is spaced in the lower position of this.

On or around the longitudinal part 27 of the compression chamber valve 16 is a heating device 18 , in particular an electric heating coil arranged.

The combustion chamber is now in the gap 34 between pistons 2 and cylinders 3 relocated. A spark plug 43 protrudes with their ignition contacts in the gap 34 of the cylinder 3 ,

A flow channel 52 connects to the transport of compressed air L the compressor 9 with the compression space 14 , In the flow channel 52 opens a fuel inlet 42 , about the fuel KS from an injector 7 can be injected. At the downstream end of the flow channel 52 is a closing device 17 , For example, a flap arranged, which depends on the pressure difference between the flow channel 52 and compression space 14 the mouth of the flow channel 52 opens or closes, namely at overpressure on the compressor side or in the flow channel 52 opposite the compression chamber 14 opens and closes at negative pressure as a pressure relief valve or a pressure and / or non-return valve.

In 6 promotes the compressor 9 over the flow channel 52 and the opened closing device 17 precompressed air L in the compression space 14 , In the gap 34 is compressed fuel-air mixture KS + L. The inlet valve 11 closes the inlet 31 and the exhaust valve 12 the outlet 32 on the cylinder 3 , The compression chamber valve 16 closes the flow passage 5 , The piston 2 is just before OT still on the way up.

The from the piston 2 over the connecting rod 10 driven crankshaft and its rotation or angular position depending on the position of the piston 2 between OT (cf. 6 ) and UT ( 8th ) are also in 6 to 11 shown.

7 shows the piston shortly after TDC on the way down. The spark plug 43 ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture KS + L in the gap 34 , The piston 2 is accelerated downwards by the combustion pressure.

According to 8th gets close to UT of the piston 2 the outlet valve 12 open. During the downward movement of the piston 2 according to 7 and 8th continues to be compressed air L continuously in the compression chamber 14 initiated.

In 9 is the piston 2 again in the downward movement. Because the inlet valve 11 is opened through the inlet 31 from the outside fresh air FL in the gap 34 sucked. At the same time, the compressed air L is discharged through the injector 7 Fuel KS mixed and the fuel-air mixture KS + L in the compression chamber 14 collected.

The piston 2 is in 10 just before UT. The outlet valve 12 is open, the inlet valve 11 closed.

According to 10 now has the pressure in the compression chamber 14 the compressor 9 established pressure in the flow channel 52 reached and the closing device 17 is now closed. The pressure of the thus precompressed fuel-air mixture KS + L is preferably 25 to 30 bar in the case of a gasoline engine and preferably between 30 and 35 bar in the case of a diesel engine and the temperature is typically between 50 ° C. and 120 ° C. ,

In the now closed compression space 14 will now be over the electric heater 18 the pre-compressed fuel-air mixture KS + L still heated to temperatures of preferably 400 ° C to 500 ° C in a gasoline engine, and preferably 550 ° C to 750 ° C in a diesel engine, whereby the pressure of the fuel Air mixture KS + L further increased, for example, in a gasoline engine on vorzugswei se 30 to 40 bar and in a diesel engine to preferably between 35 and 45 bar.

The compression chamber valve 16 is in the 6 to 10 unchanged in the closed state.

According to 11 is during the upward movement of the piston 2 before TDC now the compression chamber valve 16 opened and the compressed and heated fuel-air mixture KS + L flows from the compression chamber 14 in the gap 34 in the cylinder 3 , Through the open outlet 32 It had been during the upward movement of the piston 2 in the space 34 can not build up a significant overpressure, so that the full compression pressure for this gas flow of the fuel-air mixture KS + L is available. Further, before opening the compression chamber valve 16 the outlet valve 12 closed to allow the fuel-air mixture KS + L to escape through the outlet 32 to avoid.

Now the state closes again according to 6 on, ie very shortly before OT the Kobens 2 closes the compression chamber valve 16 again.

With the device in the embodiment according to 6 to 11 can be in an advantageous embodiment analogous to 1 to 5 Perform two-stroke and four-stroke work procedures. In the following, an embodiment for a four-stroke method will be explained.

Four-stroke working procedures

• Clock 1: Piston moves down from OT to UT (cf. 9 and 10 ) ∙ shortly after TDC becomes exhaust valve 12 closed, inlet valve 11 is or remains open and compression chamber valve 16 closes flow passage 5 , ∙ In the gap 34 Fresh air FL flows through the inlet 31 (Intake stroke, gas exchange, cooling) ∙ shortly before UT becomes the intake valve 11 closed and the exhaust valve 12 opened, ∙ in the compression chamber 14 Simultaneously compressed air L and fuel KS is introduced to produce the fuel-air mixture KS + L ( 9 ) and the mixture KS + L is heated ( 10 )
• Cycle 2: Piston moves upwards from BDC to TDC (cf. 11 and 6 ) ∙ inlet valve 11 is closed, exhaust valve 12 remains open until just before TDC, compression chamber valve 16 closes flow passage 5 , the air FL gets out of the gap 34 from the piston 2 through the outlet 32 discharged to the outside (gas exchange, exhaust stroke), ∙ before TDC becomes the exhaust valve 12 closed and the compression chamber valve 16 is opened, the precompressed and heated fuel-air mixture KS + L flows through the overpressure into the interspace 34 of the cylinder 3 ( 11 ), ∙ a little later and still (short) before TDC becomes the compression space valve 16 closed again ( 6 )
• Cycle 3: Piston moves from TDC to TDC (cf. 7 and 8th ): ∙ inlet valve 11 , Exhaust valve 12 and compression chamber valve 16 remain closed, ∙ fuel-air mixture KS + L is in the intermediate space 34 ignited and the piston is thereby driven down from OT to UT (power stroke) ∙ even before UT is exhaust valve 12 opened, inlet valve 11 stays closed
• Cycle 4: Piston moves up again from BDC to TDC (no FIG) ∙ Inlet valve 11 and compression chamber valve 16 are closed, exhaust valve 12 opened, ∙ by the piston movement of the piston 2 upward, the combustion gas from the gap 34 through the outlet 32 expelled (gas change, exhaust stroke) ∙ inlet valve 11 is opened shortly before TDC for the following intake stroke or first cycle)

In Analogy to the conventional names in the four-stroke engine you can clock 1 as the intake stroke, the clock 3 as a working cycle and the clock 4 as the exhaust stroke describe. The clock 2 is in contrast to the prior art not compression stroke, but an additional exhaust stroke for gas exchange and at the same time the tact, in which the working mixture in the working space brought by or compression pressure of the working mixture and not by negative pressure (Suction) by piston as in the prior art.

The combustion chamber 4 with its wall 40 according to 1 to 5 or the compression space 14 according to 6 to 11 is freely designable within wide limits. Only at the combustion chamber 4 this must of its internal dimensions ago a movement of the combustion chamber valve 6 allow between the two Anschlagendpositionen.

By the volume of the combustion chamber 4 or the compression chamber 14 and beyond also on the compression of the fuel-air mixture, the performance of the piston drive and thus the internal combustion engine can be adjusted. The cubic capacity, the partial volume of the intermediate space 34 between UT and OT, can thus be set largely independent of the performance of the internal combustion engine. Because the piston 2 he does not have to condense anymore, he can do it faster move.

The combustion chamber valve 6 or compression chamber valve 16 is preferably as well as the inlet valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 controlled by a camshaft in a conventional manner and thus moved.

In all embodiments can also several air inlets and / or fuel inlets as well as several spark plugs be provided or even a plurality of combustion chambers or compression chambers a Cylinder be assigned.

Finally, it is also possible, instead of a cylinder 3 with a linear movement of the piston 2 form a working space with a rotary piston as in a Wankel engine.

2

piston

3

cylinder

4

combustion chamber

5

Flow passage

6

Combustion chamber valve

7

Fuel injector

8th

heater

9

compressor

10

connecting rod

11

intake valve

12

outlet valve

14

compression chamber

16

Compression chamber valve

17

closing

18

heater

26

cross section

27

slitting

28

cam

29

feather

30

cylinder

31

inlet

32

outlet

33

cylinder head

34

gap

41

air intake

42

Fuel inlet

43

spark plug

44 45, 46

valve seat

51

air duct

52

flow channel

60

cross section

61

top

62

bottom

63

slitting

L

air

FL

fresh air

KS

fuel

A

exhaust

Claims (70)

Method for driving a piston ( 2 ) of an internal combustion engine, in which a) the piston ( 2 ), preferably cyclically, in a work space ( 3 ) is moved, b) in a first process step outside the working space ( 3 ) of the piston ( 2 ) a compressed or under a compression pressure stationary air-fuel mixture (KS + L) is generated, c) in a second process step, the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) is ignited and in the combustion of the fuel-air Mixture (KS + L) resulting combustion pressure (p) the piston ( 2 ) drives. Method according to Claim 1, in which, in the first method step, the compressed or under compression pressure fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in at least one compression chamber ( 4 . 14 ) is generated outside the working space of the piston or is supplied to the compression space. Method according to Claim 2, in which in the first method step air (L) on the one hand and fuel (KS) on the other hand into the compression chamber ( 4 . 14 ) and mixed or mixed in the compression space to the fuel-air mixture. Method according to Claim 3, in which the air (L) before being introduced into the compression space ( 4 . 14 ) is compressed. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in which the compressed fuel-air mixture or the compressed Air under a compression pressure of between 5 bar and 60 bar is produced. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, at the time before the ignition of the Fuel-air mixture, in particular compressed, air (L) or the, in particular compressed, fuel-air mixture, in particular in the compression space and / or before entering the compression space, is heated. Method according to claim 6, wherein the temperatures) the air (L) or the fuel-air mixture after heating between about 300 ° C up to 550 ° C, preferably between 400 ° C and 500 ° C, is, if the fuel (KS) is gasoline, and between about 400 ° C and 950 ° C, preferably between 500 ° C and 900 ° C, is, when the fuel (KS) is diesel. A method according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the pressure of the air (L) or the force material-air mixture (KS + L) before heating between about 25 bar and about 30 bar, when the fuel (KS) is gasoline, and between 30 bar and 40 bar, when the fuel (KS) is diesel, and / or after heating up between about 30 bar and 40 bar when the fuel (KS) is gasoline and between about 35 bar and 45 bar when the fuel (KS) is diesel. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which in the or each second method step the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in at least one combustion chamber ( 4 ) outside the workroom ( 3 ) of the piston ( 2 ) is ignited and in the combustion chamber of the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) resulting combustion pressure (p) ( 3 ) is transmitted. Method according to Claim 9, in which the combustion chamber ( 4 ) is at least partially equal to or equal to the compression space. A method according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein a) the or each combustion chamber ( 4 ) with the working space via at least one flow passage ( 5 ) is or can be brought into fluid communication, b) in the first method step, the flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and working space is closed and the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in the combustion chamber ( 4 ) or the combustion chamber ( 4 c) in the second method step the flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and work space ( 3 ) is opened before the ignition of the fuel-air mixture. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the or each second process step, the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) within the working space ( 3 ) of the piston ( 2 ) is ignited. Method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, in at least a third process step, the combustion gases the burned fuel-air mixture (KS + L) and possibly unburned Fuel-air mixture (KS + L) from the working space and / or the combustion chamber be discharged. The method of claim 13 and one of claims 9 to 11, wherein in the at least one third process step, the combustion gases of the combusted fuel-air mixture (KS + L) and possibly unburned fuel-air mixture (KS + L) from the Combustion chamber ( 4 ), the flow passage ( 5 ) and one between the piston ( 2 ) and the flow passage ( 5 ) intermediate space ( 34 ) of the work area are discharged. A method according to claim 13 or claim 14 when dependent on any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein during at least part of the third process step compressed air is introduced into the compression space (15). 4 . 14 ) and, if necessary, the flow passage ( 5 ) is opened from the compression chamber to the work space. Method according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein during at least part of the third method step fresh air (FL) into the working space ( 3 ), especially in the between the piston ( 2 ) and the flow passage ( 5 ) intermediate space ( 34 ). A method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the third step or during the third process step again the first process step is started or carried out. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the first, second and / or third method step respectively at or in the vicinity of an associated working position (OT, UT) of the piston ( 2 ) and / or an associated direction of movement of the piston is initiated or carried out. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the piston ( 2 ) cyclically in individual successive clocks substantially linearly between two end positions (TDC, UT) in the working space back and forth and in each case reverses the direction of movement after reaching the end positions, wherein a movement of the piston between the two end positions in a direction of movement in each case one clock defined the piston. The method of claim 19, wherein the first step while a first stroke of the piston is performed and the second process step while an immediately after the first clock following second clock of Piston performed becomes. The method of claim 20, wherein the third step only or during the first stroke of the piston or only or even during the second stroke of the piston is performed. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein the third process step only or even during an immediate on the second stroke of the piston following the third clock and / or during a immediately after the third stroke following the fourth stroke of the piston carried out becomes. Method according to one of claims 20 to 22, in which a) the piston ( 2 ) in the first clock and possibly the third clock from that of the flow passage ( 5 ) farther away from the first end position (UT) to the flow passage closer to the second end position (OT), so that the space between the piston and the flow passage of the working space is reduced in volume, and in the b) the piston ( 2 ) in the second clock and possibly the fourth clock from the flow passage ( 5 ) closer to the second end position (OT) to that of the flow passage ( 5 ) moved farthest first end position (UT), so that the space between the piston and the flow passage of the working space increases in volume. Method according to claim 23, wherein during the third method step and the first cycle of the piston at least one of the working space ( 3 ) associated outlet ( 32 ) is opened or remains and preferably also the flow passage ( 5 ) between the compression chamber and the working space is or remains, and thereby the piston ( 2 ) during its first cycle the combustion gases and possibly unburned fuel-air mixture from the intermediate space ( 34 ) through the outlet ( 32 ) ejects. The method of claim 24, wherein shortly after beginning the second stroke of the piston, the outlet is closed. Method according to Claim 23, in which during the third method step and during the second cycle and / or the third cycle of the piston ( 2 ) at least one of the working space ( 3 ) associated outlet ( 32 ) is opened or remains and if necessary the flow passage ( 5 ) between compression space ( 4 . 14 ) or combustion chamber ( 4 ) and working space is opened or remains, and in the compression chamber or combustion chamber, preferably compressed, air (L) is introduced. Method according to one of Claims 23 to 26, in which during the third method step and during the third cycle and / or the fourth cycle of the piston ( 2 ) an air inlet assigned to the working space ( 31 ) is opened or remains and over this air intake ( 31 ) Fresh air (FL) into the working space or the intermediate space ( 34 ) of the working space ( 3 ) is initiated. Method according to claim 27, wherein the air inlet ( 31 ) is closed again shortly before the end of the fourth bar or shortly after the beginning of the first bar. A method according to claim 27 or claim 28, wherein during the third step and the third stroke of the piston ( 2 ) the flow passage ( 5 ) between compression space ( 4 . 14 ) and working space is opened or remains, and in the compression space, preferably compressed, air is introduced. Method according to one of Claims 27 to 29, in which during the third method step and the fourth cycle of the piston ( 2 ) the flow passage ( 5 ) between compression space ( 4 . 14 ) and work space ( 3 . 34 ) is closed or remains closed. Device for driving a piston of an internal combustion engine, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a) a working space ( 3 ) for the piston ( 2 ), in which the piston moves, preferably cyclically, b) at least one compression chamber ( 4 . 14 ) outside the working area ( 3 ) of the piston ( 2 ), c) the compression space ( 4 . 14 allocated funds ( 9 . 7 . 41 . 42 . 52 ) for introducing or generating a compressed fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in or in the compression chamber ( 4 . 14 ). Apparatus according to claim 31 with a combustion chamber for burning the compressed fuel-air mixture (KS + L). Apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the combustion chamber ( 4 ) at least partially coincides with the compression space. Apparatus according to claim 32 or claim 33, wherein the combustion chamber ( 4 ) within the workspace ( 3 ) of the piston ( 2 ) lies. Apparatus according to claim 32 or claim 33, wherein the combustion chamber ( 4 ) outside the workroom ( 3 ) of the piston ( 2 ) and transmission means ( 5 ) for transmitting one by a combustion of the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in the combustion chamber ( 4 ) combustion pressure (p) in the working space ( 3 ) for driving the piston ( 2 ) are provided. Device according to Claim 35, in which the transmission means a) have at least one flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and work space ( 3 ) and b) at least one combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) for opening or closing the flow passage ( 5 ). Device according to Claim 31, having a) at least one flow passage ( 5 ) between compaction space ( 4 . 14 ) and work space ( 3 ) and b) at least one compression space valve ( 16 ) for opening or closing the flow passage ( 5 ). Apparatus according to claim 36 or claim 37, wherein at least one combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) or compression space valve ( 16 ) for opening or closing an introduction device ( 41 . 42 . 7 . 9 ) of compressed air (L) and fuel (KS) or a compressed fuel-air mixture (KS + L) is provided. Device according to one of claims 31 to 38, in which as inlet device (s) a) at least one air inlet ( 41 ) for introducing air (L) into the combustion chamber ( 4 ) or compression space ( 14 ) and b) at least one fuel inlet ( 42 ) for introducing fuel (KS) into the combustion chamber ( 4 ) or compression space ( 14 ) are provided. Device according to one of claims 31 to 39 with a compressor ( 9 ) for generating compressed air, wherein the compressor ( 9 ) via an air duct ( 51 ) with the at least one introduction device or the at least one air inlet ( 31 ) is connected or connectable, preferably compressed air or the compri mized fuel-air mixture (KS + L) is under a compression pressure of between 5 bar and 60 bar. Device according to one of claims 31 to 40 with at least one working space ( 3 ) associated outlet ( 32 ) for discharging gases, in particular combustion gases and possibly unburned fuel-air mixture. Device according to one of Claims 31 to 41, having at least one heating device ( 8th ) for heating the, in particular compressed, air and / or the fuel-air mixture, in particular to one or more temperatures) of between about 300 ° C to 550 ° C, preferably between 400 ° C and 500 ° C, when the fuel (KS) is gasoline, and between about 400 ° C and 950 ° C, preferably between 500 ° C and 900 ° C, when the fuel (KS) is diesel. Apparatus according to claim 42, wherein at least a heater upstream is arranged in front of the air inlet, preferably in the air duct between compressor and air inlet, is switched. Apparatus according to claim 42 or claim 43, wherein the at least one heating device in the combustion chamber or compression space and / or in or on the wall of the combustion chamber or compression space is arranged. Device according to Claim 38, one of the claims dependent on Claim 38, in which the combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) or compression space valve ( 16 ) in a first position, the inlet device (s), in particular air inlet and fuel inlet closes and opens the flow passage and in a second position, both the inlet device (s), in particular air inlet and fuel inlet, and the flow passage opens and in a third position, the flow passage closes and the inlet device (s), in particular air inlet and fuel inlet opens. Device according to Claim 45, in which the combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) or compression space valve, in particular disc-shaped, transverse part ( 60 ) and one with the cross member ( 60 ) connected longitudinal part ( 63 ), wherein the valve in the combustion space or compression space along the longitudinal part is axially movable and the transverse part with one side ( 61 ) seals in the first position the air inlet and the fuel inlet and with a side facing away from the first side ( 62 ) seals the flow passage in the third position. Apparatus according to claim 38 and claim 42, wherein the at least one or the heating device on, on or in the Combustor valve or compression chamber valve, in particular its Longitudinal part, arranged is. Device according to Claim 32 or one of the claims referring back to Claim 32 with at least one ignition means assigned to the combustion chamber, in particular at least one ignition contact and / or spark plug ( 43 ), for igniting the fuel-air mixture, wherein in particular at least one ignition means ( 43 ) on a wall ( 40 ) of the combustion chamber is arranged and / or at least one ignition means ( 43 ) is arranged on or on the or a combustion chamber valve, in particular at the transverse part, preferably centrally or centrally. Device according to one of claims 31 to 48, wherein the or each outlet ( 32 ) of the working space ( 3 ) an exhaust valve ( 12 ) is associated with the opening or closing of the outlet and with at least one of the working space ( 3 ) associated inlet ( 31 ) for introducing fresh air into the intermediate space ( 34 ), wherein the or each inlet ( 31 ) an inlet valve ( 11 ) is assigned to open or close the inlet. Device according to one or more of Claims 31 to 49, having control means which, in a first method step, control the flow passage (FIG. 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) or compression space ( 14 ) on the one hand and work space ( 3 on the other hand with at least one combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) or compression chamber valve ( 16 ) and via at least one inlet device a fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in the combustion chamber ( 4 ) or compression space or the combustion chamber ( 4 ) or compression space and in a second process step, the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in the combustion chamber ( 4 ) to ignite. Device according to claim 50, in which the control means in the second method step by means of the combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) the flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and work space ( 3 ) and then the fuel-air mixture (KS + L) in the combustion chamber ( 4 ) to ignite. Apparatus according to claim 50 or claim 51, wherein the control means in at least a third process step, the combustion gases of the combusted fuel-air mixture (KS + L) and possibly unburned fuel-air mixture (KS + L), in particular from the combustion chamber ( 4 ), the flow passage ( 5 ) and / or from between the piston ( 2 ) and the flow passage ( 5 ) intermediate space ( 34 ) of the working space ( 3 ), at least one of the working space ( 3 ) associated outlet ( 32 ). Apparatus according to claim 52, wherein during at least a part of the third process step the control means is controlled by means of the compressor (10). 9 ) compressed air into the combustion chamber ( 4 ) and by means of the combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) the flow passage ( 5 ) from the combustion chamber ( 4 ) to the workroom ( 3 ) and / or at which the control means by opening the inlet valve ( 11 ) over the inlet ( 31 ) during at least part of the third process step fresh air (FL) into the working space ( 3 ) initiate. Device according to one of claims 50 to 53, in which the Control means after the third step or already during the third step again the first step start or perform. Device according to one of claims 50 to 54, wherein the control means the first, second and / or third method step in each case at an associated working position (OT, UT) of the piston ( 2 ) and / or an associated direction of movement of the piston ( 2 ) initiate or perform Device according to one of Claims 31 to 55, in which the piston ( 2 ) cyclically in individual successive cycles substantially linearly between two end positions in the working space ( 3 ) and in each case reverses the direction of movement after reaching the end positions, whereby a movement of the piston ( 2 ) between the two end positions in a direction of movement in each case one stroke of the piston ( 2 ) Are defined. Apparatus according to claim 56, wherein the control means comprises the first step of the method during a first stroke of the piston ( 2 ) and the second method step during a second cycle of the piston immediately following the first cycle ( 2 ) and / or in which the control means perform the third method step only or even during the first cycle or only or during the second cycle of the piston ( 2 ) carry out. Device according to one of Claims 31 to 57, in which the control means carry out the third method step only or also directly during the second cycle of the piston ( 2 ) following third clock and / or during a fourth clock of the piston immediately following the third clock ( 2 ) carry out. Device according to one of Claims 31 to 58, in which a) the piston ( 2 ) in the first clock and possibly the third clock from that of the flow passage ( 5 ) further away from the first end position (UT) to the flow passage ( 5 ) closer to the second end position (OT), so that between the piston ( 2 ) and the flow passage ( 5 ) intermediate space ( 34 ) of the working space ( 3 ) in its volume, and in which b) the piston ( 2 ) in the second clock and possibly the fourth clock from the flow passage ( 5 ) closer to the second end position (OT) to that of the flow passage ( 5 ) moved farther away from the first end position (UT), so that between the piston ( 2 ) and the flow passage ( 5 ) intermediate space ( 34 ) of the working space ( 3 ) in its volume increased. Device according to one of claims 31 to 59, wherein the control means during the third step and the first stroke of the piston ( 2 ) the at least one the work space ( 3 ) associated outlet ( 32 ) by means of the outlet valve ( 12 ) or keep open and preferably also by operating the combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) the flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and work space ( 3 ) by means of the combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) close or keep closed and thereby the piston ( 2 ) during its first cycle, the combustion gases and possibly unburned fuel-air mixture (KS + L) from the intermediate space ( 34 ) through the outlet ( 32 ) ejects. Apparatus according to claim 60, wherein the Control means the outlet ( 32 ) via the outlet valve ( 12 ) shortly after the beginning of the second stroke of the piston ( 2 ) close. Device according to one of claims 31 to 61, wherein the control means during the third step and during the second stroke and / or the third stroke of the piston ( 2 ) the at least one the working space ( 3 ) associated outlet ( 32 ) by means of the outlet valve ( 12 ) or keep open and preferably the flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and work space ( 3 ) by means of the at least one combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) or keep it open and into the combustion chamber ( 4 ), preferably compressed air (L). Device according to one of Claims 31 to 62, in which the control means are (during the third method step during the third cycle and / or the fourth stroke of the piston ( 2 ) by means of the air inlet valve the the working space ( 3 ) associated air intake ( 41 ) or open and open via the air inlet ( 41 ) Fresh air (FL) into the gap ( 34 ) of the working space ( 3 ) initiate. Apparatus according to claim 63, wherein the control means by means of the air inlet valve, the air inlet ( 41 ) close shortly after the beginning of the first measure or keep it closed. Device according to Claim 63 or 64, in which the control means (15) during the third step and the third stroke of the piston ( 2 ) by means of the combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) the flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and work space ( 3 ) or keep it open and into the combustion chamber ( 4 ), preferably compressed air (L). Device according to one of claims 63 to 65, in which the control means during the third process step and the fourth stroke of the piston ( 2 ) by means of the at least one combustion chamber valve ( 6 ) the flow passage ( 5 ) between combustion chamber ( 4 ) and work space ( 3 ) close or keep closed. Device according to one of claims 31 to 66, in which the Control means comprise at least one camshaft. Internal combustion engine with a) at least one in a working space guided piston, b) at least one device according to one or more of claims 31 to 67 for driving the, each or each of a piston. Internal combustion engine according to claim 68, comprising at least a crankshaft connected to the or each piston, preferably above each a connecting rod, is in operative connection. An internal combustion engine according to claim 68 or claim 69 with at least one camshaft for controlling the at least one Combustor valve, the at least one exhaust valve and / or the at least one intake valve.