DE102005007557A1 - Production of high-quality extended shelf life milk in a UHT milk plant, involves reducing the heat absorbed by means of a product by-pass, reducing cooling with a coolant by-pass and adding a further cooling zone - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the production of extended shelf life milk in a UHT milk production plant involves reducing the heat absorbed by means of a by-pass line between the preheating zone and the second stage of non-regenerative heat exchange in the heating zone, reducing cooling in the cooling zone with a by-pass for the coolant, and adding a further cooling zone which is not included in the regenerative heat exchange system. A method for the production of long-life milk (P2) involves heating standard milk (P) to 115-125[deg]C and keeping it at this temperature for 1-3 seconds to make extended shelf life (ESL) milk (P1) in a conventional treatment system with pipe-bundle heat exchangers for the production of UHT milk (P2). The UHT system comprises (in the direction of flow) (a) a preheating zone with 2-stage regenerative heat exchange on either side of a homogeniser (1, 2, 3), (b) a temperature-holding zone (pre-heat temperature ) (4), (c) a heating zone with regenerative heat exchange (5) followed by 2-stage non-regenerative heat exchange (6, 7), (d) a temperature-holding zone (8) and (e) a cooling zone with at least 2-stage regenerative heat exchange (9, (9a), 10). In the modified system, (f) the heat absorbed (with reference to P) between zone (a) and the second stage of non-regenerative heat exchange (7) in zone (c) is reduced by means of a by-pass line (12), (g) cooling in zone (e) is reduced by sacrificing part of the cooling capacity by means of a by-pass line (22) for a regenerative heat transfer medium (M1) at the end of zone (e), and (h) the cooling zone (e) is followed by a further cooling zone (11) which is not included in the "regenerative" heat exchange. Independent claims are included for (1) a system for the production of P2 with a UHT section made up of components as above, in which a first by-pass line (12) bridges the product-side flow path between components (3) and (7), with the aid of switching valves (13, 14, 15) as required, a second by-pass line (22) with switching valve (17) bridges the heat transfer medium side of heat exchanger (10) in the cooling zone, and a further heat exchanger (post-cooling zone 11) is provided after heat exchanger (10) (2) a connecting armature for reducing deposits on tube carrier plates in pipe-bundle heat exchangers for a system as above, which connects together the inner tubes (300) of two adjacent parallel pipe bundles connected in series (100.i, 100.i + 1) at their carrier plates (700) and has a first or second turbulence chamber (T1, T2) assigned to each plate (700) with a flow cross-section (A1) greater than the total cross-section (nAi) of all the parallel internal tubes (300), the chambers (T1, T2) being connected by a linear channel (V) at right angles to the tubes and showing a cross-section smaller than A1 .

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The The invention relates to a process for producing a prolonged-life Drinking milk, a so-called ESL (Extentent Shelf Life) Milk (P1), after The preamble of claim, wherein a standardized to be treated Milk heated to a temperature of 115 to 125 degrees Celsius and over a holding time of 1 to 3 seconds kept at this temperature is, as well as a device for making a long-lasting Drinking milk according to the preamble of the independent claim 5, with the Method for producing the aforementioned ESL milk is feasible,

Under a UHT process (UHT: ultra high temperature) with indirect Product heating by heat exchange by means of a heat transfer medium on a wall is understood a thermal product treatment, which also called aseptic heating, in which just about all micro-organisms, but at least all spoiling microorganisms are killed, the while the storage phase of the product can grow at room temperature. So everyone has to Microorganisms except some, possibly surviving the heating process heat-resistant spores killed become. These may however at normal room temperature during The storage phase only grow up to a defined value.

The indirect product heating through a heat exchange on a wall can be used with so-called plate heat exchangers or also, as in the present case, with so-called tube bundle heat exchangers done at which the heat energy through the pipe walls transferred to a group of inner tubes becomes. It flows the milk to be treated in the inner tubes, while a heat transfer medium, preferably water, these inner tubes on the outside acted in countercurrent. Such a temperature of 136 to 150 degrees Celsius heated up and over a holding time of approx. Milk held at this temperature for 1 second is at room temperature Durable for at least 3 months and is called UHT milk.

The as ESL milk designated drinking milk is at max. 8 degrees Celsius and lasting at least 21 days. It should taste the only few days with cooling similar to fresh fresh milk be. The so-called ESL milk is currently in directly heated UHT devices manufactured, which procedurally in terms of the necessary temperature control are adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, ESL milk can also be used in so-called indirect heating systems, in which the heat exchange via plate heat exchanger takes place. About that It goes without saying possible, ESL milk in special, adapted to the necessary temperature control indirectly heated heating systems in which the heat exchangers as a tube bundle heat exchanger of the type described above are. All the aforesaid heating installations, directly or indirectly heated for the production of ESL milk are special, independent and usually only for the production of these ESL milk designed heating devices, to set up a corresponding investment required is.

A commercial UHT heating device with indirect product heating includes a preheater in a so-called preheating zone for the warming of the product, usually a standardized milk, and subsequently the milk mostly over a so-called homogenizer for fine fat distribution out and then further preheated. It follows a so-called for protein stabilization of milk proteins. After another Heat exchanger, the for the subsequent Milcherhitzungsprozess is provided takes place then the actual UHT heating in a so-called. Erhitzerzone with Hot-holding, subsequently the cooling in a so-called cooling zone under heat exchange with a so-called "regenerative" heat transfer medium.

Under a "regenerative" heat transfer medium, with a so-called "regenerative" heat exchange carried out is to be understood in the following, such a heat transfer medium, which circulated is and, based on the flow direction of the product to be treated, behind a heater hot-holder Thermal energy from the product and this before the heater hot-holder to the product "regenerative" transmits to the quotation marks is subsequently omitted in connection with the classification "regenerative".

If, for example, UHT cream is also to be produced with the UHT heating device, the cooling zone is followed by a post-cooling zone, which is not included in the regenerative heat exchange. In principle, water, which is circulated and in accordance with the temperature-time profile in the milk supply at a higher temperature in countercurrent, heats the milk and, in the return of the milk, also cools it in countercurrent, generally functions as the heat transfer medium. In this heat exchange, up to 90% of the energy used can be recovered. The UHT heater is excluded from this regenerative heat exchange and the necessary Residual heating takes place here by indirect heating with diversion of the water cycle (Principle FINNAH, Ahaus, H. KESSLER, dairy process engineering, 3rd edition, 1988).

An indirect UHT heating device, which has been widely used in practice, realizes both the regenerative heat exchange and the non-regenerative heat exchange in the UHT heater by means of so-called tube bundle heat exchangers (US Pat. DE 94 03 913 U1 ), Principle Tuchenhagen Dairy Systems GmbH, Ahaus, with several parallel inner tubes are provided, which are traversed by the milk, while the heat transfer medium, usually water or steam, in the annular gap of the jacket tube, which surrounds the parallel inner tubes in countercurrent flows. For the hot holders are generally used Einrohrsysteme without heat exchange.

It Object of the present invention, a known method for the preparation of UHT milk in a commercial UHT device (UHT heating device or plant), as described generically in such a way as to modify that in this known UHT device so-called. ESL milk with utmost quality can be produced. It is a further object of the invention, the commercial UHT device without expensive equipment additions or changes to empower with her the inventive method perform.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These The object is achieved by a method having the features of the claim 1 solved. A device for implementation the method according to the invention is characterized by the features of the independent claim 5. advantageous embodiments the proposed method or the device are the subject the respective subclaims.

One inventive procedural principle is to the process for producing a UHT milk, which due to of the higher one Temperature levels in the heater and the subsequent hot holding requires a corresponding heating power, and thus the thermal Treatment of milk on the product side in the so-called upstream area, this is the heating range before reaching the highest temperature, to shorten the product gently, that there are no unnecessary, influencing the desired native properties of ESL milk Temperature load occurs. For this purpose, the heating power with regard to the milk to be treated between an exit from the preheating zone and entering the second stage of non-regenerative heat exchange the Erhitzerzone reduced, by bypassing the Milk in this area.

It So it is not, as would be obvious, on the side of the heat transfer medium significantly reduces the heat output or switches it off completely. A such measure would the In this area, installed heat exchangers, so to speak hot holders transform with a correspondingly negative influence on the product quality. Instead of this is the milk to be treated on the shortest path from the preheating zone in the entry of the reduced in size Heater led.

There the ESL milk on an altogether lower temperature-level course As the UHT milk is produced, there is inevitably a lower upstream Potential for heat energy the treated milk available, as is the case with UHT milk. The regenerative in this area usable heat content can therefore only in the heater hot breaker downstream cooling zone, the so-called downstream area. The here due The cooling capacity installed by the UHT process is greater than the for the cooling off the ESL milk necessary cooling capacity. This is where a second inventive idea is based namely the cooling capacity is reduced in relation to the milk to be treated in the cooling zone by Waiving part of the cooling capacity, in the flow direction Seen the milk, by bypass guide a regenerative first heat transfer medium at the end of the cooling zone.

provides one has to take into account that the milk to be treated in the preheating zone with enters about 5 degrees Celsius and leaves this with about 90 degrees Celsius, then here stands for total the regenerative heat exchange a temperature difference of 85 degrees Celsius available. going For example, assume that the ESL milk is the hot-holding zone leaves at 120 degrees, then, from obvious energetic considerations, the end of the invention is modified chilling about to expect a temperature of the milk of about 35 degrees Celsius. Since, according to the task, the apparatus supplementary or change costs also in the cooling zone as low as possible stops are here, starting from the commercial UHT device to provide significantly less regenerative heat exchangers. Desirable is the arrangement of two re generative heat exchanger sections, from according to the invention, those in the flow direction of Milk seen, at the end of the cooling zone on the side of the heat transfer medium bypassed in the bypass.

Around in the remaining regenerative heat exchanger the cooling zone some flexibility in the adjustment and adjustment of the product side outlet temperature to achieve, sees an embodiment of the method according to the invention before that one for the heat exchange in countercurrent in the cooling zone effective mean logarithmic temperature difference by reduction the inlet temperature of the flowing in the cooling zone regenerative heat transfer medium is enlarged. This can be done, for example, that the cooling of the flowing in the circuit regenerative first heat transfer medium in a suitable place, namely on a heat exchanger integrated in this circuit, by ice-water operation is intensified. Such a procedural embodiment is not mandatory; a usual water supply and drainage with appropriate design of the remaining regenerative heat exchanger surfaces in any case also possible.

There behind the heat holder, in the flow direction of Seen UHT milk, the so-called aseptic area, the on the side of the regenerative first heat transfer medium out of function set heat exchanger surfaces of the chilling the produced ESL milk is not negative in terms of sterility claim influence. Prior to the heater hot-holder would such action by appropriate hot-holding at temperatures above 90 ° C, as stated above, the desired native properties negatively affect the ESL milk.

Around the aforementioned shelf life of the ESL milk of at least To ensure 21 days is the cold chain at a temperature level below 8 degrees Celsius, starting from from their manufacture to the consumer. This means in the present case that the inventive method to make the ESL milk available at a temperature of about 5 degrees Celsius. For this purpose, the commercially available UHT device, if this is not designed for the production of UHT cream and thereby generally has a post-cooling zone, in addition to a post-cooling zone equipped downstream of the cooling zone and which is not involved in the regenerative heat exchange.

The inventive method for the production of the ESL milk is designed such that it Needed automatically in the process of making the UHT milk is changeable. The reverse transformation, namely the process for producing the UHT milk in a process for the production of ESL milk, corresponds the task of the invention and is therefore possible at any time.

conditioned by the aforementioned method according to the invention designed surprising the device for its implementation simple and inexpensive. A first inventive idea then there is an over Valves optionally switchable first bypass line the product side flow between an outlet of a second regenerative heat exchanger the preheating zone and an entrance into the reduced heat exchanger of the heating zone bridged. In this area, before the final heating and keeping hot, is the product-side arrangement of shut-off valves that always a special danger regarding germination, germ transmission and Reinfection represent, unproblematic. In doing so, the product line, in the flow direction seen the milk to be treated, on the one hand behind the branch and on the other hand, before the confluence the first bypass line, respectively via a first and second Shut-off valve switched. At the inlet end of the first bypass line is arranged as a shut-off valve acting first bypass valve and located between the two shut-off valves of the product line Area is transferred in case of need a drain valve adjacent the second shut-off valve, opened for pressure relief of the product side system.

One second inventive concept is that on a second regenerative heat exchanger the cooling zone, on the side of the regenerati first heat transfer medium, one on a second bypass valve switchable second bypass line an input and outlet at this heat exchanger bridges. In This so-called aseptic area is the arrangement of switching elements with Look at the above Problem of germination, germ transmission and reinfection not recommended. Therefore, the apparative adaptation and modification measures find on the side of the heat transfer medium according to the invention. This naturally results in holding times for the Product at lower temperatures.

to Ensuring the above-mentioned storage temperature of produced ESL milk is further provided according to the invention that the second regenerative heat exchanger the cooling zone, in the flow direction Seen the milk, a heat exchanger downstream of the post-cooling zone is not in the field of regenerative heat exchange between the heat exchangers is involved.

In the flow-through region of the first regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone on the one hand and at the outlet of the second "regenerative" heat exchanger of the preheating occurs in the production of ESL milk each a required temperature of about 90 degrees C. Experience shows that above this temperature for the Flow through the process of the invention, a residence time of the milk to be treated should be given by about 16 seconds, so that a possible native, tasty ESL milk is produced. The highest temperature in the Heißheherißhalter is in the range of 120 to 125, preferably at 123 degrees Celsius. Alternatively, an ESL milk produced by the direct heating in the eligible comparable area on both sides each reach a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius, whereas in the Heißheherißhalter reasons of an uncertain temperature control, however, about 127 degrees are needed. The residence time in the candidate, on both sides limited by about 80 degrees Celsius flow area is in this case about 8 seconds.

In order to significantly extend the service life of the second heat exchanger of the heater zone, a further embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that this heat exchanger with the features of the DE 102 56 232 B4 or WO 2004/051 174 A1 known tube bundle heat exchanger is provided. There, it is proposed that the macro-roughness structured surface of the inner tube inner surface of the inner tubes, covering even across the macro-roughness structures, is treated by means of an electrochemical polishing process which produces a micro-surface texture which is structurally like characterized energetically by a reduced tendency for the adhesion of foreign substances due to passivation and reduction of the energy level of the treated surface of the tube inner wall, that the macro-roughness structures are oriented at an angle α relative to the longitudinal axis of the inner tube, and that the angle of attack α in the region 35th up to 25 degrees.

Around the temperature control in the cooling zone more variable and easier to adapt to the respective needs, sees another embodiment the device according to the invention before that a first heat exchanger in a first circulation line of the regenerative first heat transfer medium additionally with a supply line and a discharge line for ice water is provided.

It is known, in each case two adjacent, substantially parallel, connected in series tube bundle of tube bundle heat exchangers, as shown in the aforementioned DE 94 03 913 U1 are known to connect each other via 180-degree pipe bend each other (see also WO 2004/051 174 A1 or WO 2004/083 761 A1).

In order to keep the distance between adjacent tube bundles and thus the height of the tube bundle heat exchanger as low as possible, the above-mentioned connecting sheet usually with respect to their passage cross section one to two nominal widths smaller than the extended passage cross section of Ausauscherflansches, with which the respective connection sheet on the Rohrträ gerplatte is fixed, executed, since it is known that in a pipe bend, the ratio between the radius of curvature and pipe diameter may not fall below a certain value. This nominal passage cross-section of the connecting arc is usually chosen approximately as large as the total passage cross-section of all parallel-flowed inner tubes of a tube bundle (see also 2 to the prior art). Due to this dimensioning, the flow velocity in the connecting bend is almost identical to that in the parallel flowed through inner tubes.

The well-known and in 2 shown solution and also other known solutions are characterized in terms of flow guidance in the connecting sheet together by the fact that the passage cross-section, seen in the flow direction, initially steadily reduced and then steadily expanded again. As a result, the flow losses in the connecting bow are kept as small as possible and at the same time a reduced pipe cross-section of this pipe cross-section correspondingly reduced radius of curvature of the connecting bow and thus a correspondingly reduced height realized.

The known solutions are in terms of the design of the connection sheet in the frame the boundary conditions to be met flow optimized. It However, it must be noted that during heating of milk to produce a prolonged-life drinking milk in the context of the UHT or ESL heating process, as above are described on the pipe support plate both at the streamed as well as on the stream Page over form the course of production deposits, while at cleaning the heater systems are cleanable, the life the heater systems and here in particular the candidate Reduce tube bundle heat exchanger.

This problem should be remedied with a connection fitting for shell-and-tube heat exchangers, as they come in the inventive device for the production of ESL milk and in devices for the production of UHT milk to use effectively. The proposed connection fitting connects the product-flowed inner tubes of two adjacent, substantially parallel arranged in series tube bundles in the region of the respective tube support plate according to the invention with each other that each tube support plate a first or is associated with the second vortex chamber, that the first and the second vortex chamber has an enlarged compared to a total passage cross-section of all parallel-flowed inner tubes passage cross-section, and that the first and the second vortex chamber with a substantially linearly extending connecting channel are flow-permeable interconnected, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the Is oriented tube bundle and has a relation to the extended passage cross-section reduced passage cross-section.

It has proven to be advantageous in this context when the extended passage cross section about one to two nominal diameters larger than that Total passage cross-section of all parallel flowed inner tubes accomplished is. It continues to be effective, if the reduced passage cross-section is equal or approximately equal the total passage cross section of all parallel flowed inner tubes accomplished is.

The Invention proposes with regard to the configuration of the connection fitting an embodiment before, in which the first and the second swirl chamber in each case cup-shaped a coat-shaped chamber housing and a substantially flat chamber floor is executed, in which at the chamber bottom facing away from the open end to the Tube support plate is arranged sealable chamber flange, in the shell-shaped chamber housing a Chamber connection is provided and at the respective chamber connection with a connection housing connected is.

The briefly outlined embodiment is not yet involved in special cross-sectional designs View of circular, square or rectangular Passage cross sections, but it gives hints to geometric cal Basic forms that are to be realized. It is fluidic beneficial, both with regard to an accelerated flow between the vortex chambers as well as with regard to the respective, in the flow direction seen, discontinuous cross-sectional expansion, if, as provided is, the respective chamber connection running relatively short and when he thinks about it In addition, which reduces the pressure losses, at least on the inside rounded is formed.

The proposed connection fitting is according to another proposal relatively easy from semi-finished by cohesive connection, preferably weld, produced, if, as is also proposed, for the chamber housing and the connection housing each a circular Pipe is used and the chamber connection each as a necktie accomplished is.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

embodiments the device according to the invention to carry out the method according to the invention are shown in the figures of the drawing and are below described according to structure and function. Show it

1 a schematic representation, starting from a basic device for producing a UHT milk, an apparatus according to the invention for producing an ESL milk;

2 a central section through a so-called tube bundle as a modular part of a possibly consisting of a plurality of such tube bundle tube bundle heat exchanger according to the prior art, as in the device according to 1 is used, wherein on each side of the tube bundle, a circular connecting arc is arranged;

3 a central section through a proposed connection fitting according to the invention, in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to 2 is used, in each case in conjunction with a flanged pipe support plate of the associated tube bundle shown in sections, wherein in particular the flow areas are designated in the connection fitting and the local flow guidance is drawn qualitatively and

4 the connection fitting according to 3 with the name of their main components.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A standardized milk P (to be treated) 1 ), for example with a set fat content of 1.5%, 2.5% or 3.5%, is via a first product line section L1 of a product line L a first "regenerative" heat exchanger of the preheating zone 1 fed. The milk P is there in the regenerative heat exchange with a circulating in a first circulation line K1 regenerative first heat transfer medium M1, preferably water, with about a warm-up of 5 to 70 degrees Celsius. The thus preheated milk P passes through a homogenizer 2 and then at approximately the same temperature in a second regenerative heat exchanger of the preheating zone 3 , Here is another regenerative heat exchange with the regenerative first heat transfer medium M1 of the first circulation line K1, wherein the outlet side of the heat exchanger 3 about a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius is reached.

For UHT operation, the product line L continues as the second product line section L2 via a pre-hot holder 4 , a regenerative heat exchanger of the heating zone 5 and a first heat exchanger of the heating zone 6 , and enters an entrance of a regenerative heat exchanger of the heater zone 7 ,

To produce an ESL milk P1 according to the invention the Vorheißhalter 4 and the heat exchangers 5 and 6 via a first bypass line 12 bridged. This is optionally via valves 13 . 14 and 15 switchable, wherein, seen in the flow direction of the milk to be treated P, the entry into the first bypass line 12 with the first bypass valve 15 is switched while behind the branch of the first bypass line 12 continuing second product line section L2 via the first shut-off valve 13 is closable. In front of the junction of the first bypass line 12 in the second product line section L2 is seen in the latter, in the flow direction of the milk P, the second shut-off valve 14 arranged. The area between the first and the second shut-off valve 13 . 14 of the second product line section L2 can via a second shut-off valve 14 adjacent drain valve 16 opened and thus relieved of pressure in case of need.

The regenerative heat exchanger of the heater zone 5 is included in the first circulation line K1 of the regenerative first heat transfer medium M1, while the heat exchangers 6 and 7 are integrated in a non-regenerative second circulation line K2, in which a second heat transfer medium M2 circulates the product line L passes as a third product line section L3 behind the outlet of the second heat exchanger of the Erhitzerzone 7 in a heater hot-holder 8th and from there into a first regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone 9 ,

If necessary, behind the heat exchanger 9 in a subsequent fourth product line section L4, a third regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone 9a be arranged. In any case, there is a second regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone at the end of the fourth product line section L4 and thus the cooling zone 10 , where the heat exchangers 9 , possibly. 9a and 10 are all involved in the first circulation line K1 of the regenerative first heat transfer medium M1.

The first circulation line K1 is via a first heat exchanger 18 guided, which is provided with first supply lines Z1 at least for water (water supply W1.1) and first steam D1 on the one hand and with first Abfuhrieitungen A1 for water (water removal W1.2) and first condensate Q1 on the other. In addition, according to the invention a supply line Z1 for inflowing ice water (first ice water supply E1.1) and a discharge line A1 for outflowing ice water (first ice water discharge E1.2) is provided.

The circulation in the first circulation line K1 is via a first conveyor 20 maintained, while the circulation in the second circulation line K2, via a second heat exchanger 19 is guided, via a second conveyor 21 is maintained. To cover the necessary heating power in the heater zone, which in principle can not be provided by the regenerative first heat transfer medium M1 for energetic and temperature-related reasons, the second heat exchanger 19 second steam D2 supplied.

At the second regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone 10 , on the side of the regenerative first heat transfer medium M1, bypasses a via a second bypass valve 17 switchable second bypass line 22 an inlet and outlet at this heat exchanger 10 , By the ice-water supply E1.1 and ice water discharge E1.2 an inlet temperature θ _{K1 of} the regenerative first heat transfer medium M1 of the cooling zone is significantly changed within limits, so that the heat exchanger 9 and possibly 9a an effective average logarithmic temperature difference for heat exchange in countercurrent Δθ can also be significantly changed within limits.

The product line L settles at the outlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone 10 in a fifth product line section L5 and passes into a heat exchanger of the aftercooling zone 11 (Aftercooler), which is not involved in the regenerative heat exchange in the area between the heat exchangers 1 and 10 is involved. The heat exchanger of the aftercooling zone 11 is fed via a feed line of the aftercooler R1 and a drain line of the aftercooler R2 with a third heat transfer medium M3, being supplied via third supply lines Z3 ice water (second ice water supply E3.1) and third steam D3 and via third discharge lines A3 a corresponding amount of ice water ( second ice water discharge E3.2) and third condensate Q3 can be discharged.

The ESL milk P1 thus produced leaves the heat exchanger 11 at the end of the fifth product line section L5 with a temperature of about 5 degrees Celsius as a possible native product.

If the device described above is operated to produce so-called UHT milk P2, then the first bypass line is used 12 and the second bypass line 17 out of function and all che shown heat exchanger 1 to 11 On the one hand, the milk P to be treated or the UHT milk P2 flows through it, and on the other hand it is in each case acted upon effectively by the associated heat transfer medium. The device described is automatically switched from the operation for producing UHT milk P2 as needed to the operation for the production of ESL milk P1 and vice versa, including a sterilization process.

In the production of ESL milk P1, this milk is heated to a temperature in the range of 115 to 125 degrees, preferably to 123 degrees Celsius, and for a holding time of 1 to 3 seconds, preferably 1 to 2 seconds, at this particular realized temperature in the heater hot-holder 8th held. Behind the heat exchanger 3 and in the flow area of the heat exchanger 9 In each case, a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius sets in, wherein the residence time in the area bordered by these temperatures, the first bypass line 12 and the subsequent third product line section L3 to about the beginning of the fourth product line section L4, about 16 seconds.

illustrated but not in detail provided with reference numerals fittings and Equipment and control systems marked with symbols. and control devices are for operating such a UHT or ESL heater required, but you need to look out the inventive method in question is not specified in detail and be described in their function.

A usually from a variety of tube bundles 100.1 to 100.n composite tube bundle heat exchanger 100 according to the prior art, as in the device according to 1 is used, with with 100.i an arbitrary bundle of tubes is designated ( 2 ; see also DE-U-94 03 913), consists in its middle part of an outer channel 200 * limiting outer sheath 200 with a, based on the presentation position, left side arranged Festlagerseitigen Außenmantelflansch 200a and a right side arranged loslagerseitigen Außenmantelflansch 200b , At the latter, one of a first housing closes 400.1 limited first cross channel 400a * with a first connection piece 400a and on the fixed bearing side Außenmantelflansch 200a closes in from a second housing 400.2 limited second cross channel 400b * with a second connecting piece 400b at. A number of axially parallel to the outer shell 200 through the outer channel 200 * extending, together an inner channel 300 * forming inner tubes 300 , Starting with four and then rising to nineteen and possibly more in number, are each end in a fixed bearing side tube support plate 700 or a loose bearing side tube support plate 800 (both also referred to as tube mirror plate) supported and welded at its outer tube diameter in this, this overall arrangement via an unspecified opening on the second housing 400.2 in the outer jacket 200 introduced and via a fixed bearing side exchanger flange 500 with the second housing 400.2 with the interposition of one flat gasket each 900 is clamped together (fixed camp 500 . 700 . 400.2 ).

The two housings 400.1 . 400.2 are opposite the respective outer jacket flange 200b . 200a also with a flat gasket 900 sealed, wherein the right side disposed first housing 400.1 in conjunction with the outer jacket 200 via a loose bearing side exchanger flange 600 with the interposition of an O-ring 910 against the left side arranged fixed bearing 500 . 700 . 400.2 is pressed. The loose bearing pipe carrier plate 800 engages through an unspecified hole in the pilot bearing side exchanger flange 600 and finds its seal against the latter by means of the dynamically stressed O-ring 910 which, in addition, the first case 400.1 static against the loose bearing side exchanger flange 600 seals. The latter and the loose bearing pipe carrier plate 800 form a so-called floating bearing 600 . 800 , Which changes the length of the in the loose bearing side tube support plate 800 welded inner tubes 300 due to temperature change in both axial directions.

Depending on the arrangement of the respective tube bundle 100.1 to 100.n in the tube bundle heat exchanger 100 and its respective wiring, the inner tubes 300 , Based on the presentation position, either from left to right or vice versa of a product P are flowed through, wherein the average flow velocity in the inner tube 300 and thus in the inner channel 200 * marked with v. The cross-sectional interpretation is usually such that these mean flow velocity v in a connecting bow 1000 present, on the one hand with the fixed bearing side exchanger flange 500 and on the other hand indirectly with one with the loose bearing side tube support plate 800 firmly connected loose bearing side connecting piece 800d connected is. With the two in the drawing only half each illustrated connecting sheet 1000 (so-called 180 degree pipe bend) becomes the tube bundle in question 100.i with the respective adjacent tube bundle 100.i-1 respectively. 100.i + 1 connected in series. Therefore, once forms the fixed bearing side exchanger flange 500 an inlet E for the product P and the loose bearing side connecting piece 800d houses an associated outlet A; in each case adjacent tube bundle 100.i-1 respectively. 100.i + 1 These inputs and returns Emergence ratios respectively.

The fixed bearing side exchanger flange 500 has a first connection opening 500a on, the nominal diameter DN and thus a nominal passage cross-section A _{D of} the connection sheet connected there 1000 corresponds and that is usually sized so that there the average flow velocity v in the inner tube 300 or inner channel 300 * corresponding flow velocity is present. In the same way is also a second connection opening 800a in the loose bearing side connecting piece 800d dimensioned, wherein the respective connection opening 500a respectively. 800a on a respective extended passage cross-section 500c respectively. 800c in the area to the adjacent pipe support plate 700 respectively. 800 through a conical transition 500b respectively. 800b extended. The extended passage cross section 500c respectively. 800c is substantially cylindrical with a diameter D ₁ (largest diameter of the first extended passage cross-section 500c ), the latter usually one to two nominal widths larger than the nominal diameter DN of the connecting sheet 1000 (Nominal passage cross-section A _{o of} the connecting arc) and therefore correspondingly larger than the total passage cross-section nA _i all in the fixed bearing side exchanger 500 entering inner tubes 300 is dimensioned with a respective pipe inside diameter D _i and a passage cross section A _i .

Depending on the direction of the flow velocity v in the inner tube 300 or inner channel 300 * the product P to be treated flows either via the first connection opening 500a or the second connection opening 800a the tube bundle 100.1 to 100.n so that either the fixed bearing side tube support plate 700 or the loose bearing tube carrier plate 800 is flown. Since in each case a heat exchange between product P in the inner tubes 300 or the inner channels 300 * and a heat transfer medium M in the outer jacket 200 or in the outer channels 200 * has to take place in countercurrent, this heat transfer medium M flows either the first port 400a or the second connection piece 400b with a flow velocity in the outer jacket c too.

A connection fitting according to the invention 1100 ( 3 ) Is, based on a transversely to a connecting channel V extending axis, constructed symmetrically. It has a first and a second vortex chamber T1, T2, wherein each of these vortex chambers T1, T2 one with respect to a total passage cross-section nA _i all parallel through flown inner tubes 300 extended passage cross-section A ₁ has. The two vortex chambers T1, T2 are connected to the linearly extending connecting channel V flow permeable to each other, the latter perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube bundle 100.i . 100.i + 1 is oriented and has a relation to the extended passage cross section A ₁ reduced passage cross section A _V.

The connection fitting 1100 can from the pipe support plate shown in the upper part of the figure 700 to the pipe support plate also shown in the lower part of the figure 700 be flowed through. An exiting product flow P (A) flows into the first vortex chamber T1 ei, wherein the extended passage cross-section A ₁ one to two nominal diameters greater than the total passage cross-section nA _i all parallel flowed inner tubes 300 is executed. By this discontinuous cross-sectional widening and the subsequent discontinuous deflection of the exiting product flow P (A) by 90 degrees in the connecting channel V turbulence and vortices are generated in the first vortex chamber T1, which so to speak retroactively the flowed-off region of the Rohträgerplatte 700 largely free from deposits. In the connecting channel V, a transversely flowing product flow P (V) (crossflow) is formed, through which there is flowed through a velocity v * which is increased relative to the first turbulence chamber T1.

In the event that the reduced passage cross-section A _{V is} equal to or approximately equal to the total passage cross-section nA _i all internally flowed through the inner tubes 300 is executed, is now in the connecting channel V one of the average flow velocity v in the inner tube 300 appropriate speed before. The cross-flow product stream P (V) now passes into the second vortex chamber T2, which likewise has again there the enlarged passage cross-section _A1. Here, the incoming cross-flow product stream P (V) undergoes a second discontinuous cross-sectional widening and is again deflected discontinuously, vertically. The unsteady cross-sectional widening and the unsteady deflection also produce turbulences and vortices in the second vortex chamber T2, so that the product stream now arising in this regard, an incoming product flow P (E), the tube carrier plate 700 charged and there causes the desired cleaning effect.

The 4 shows the same advantageous embodiment of the connection fitting according to the invention 1100 as 3 , In this case, the first and the second turbulence chamber T1, T2 are each cup-shaped with a shell-shaped chamber housing 1100a and a substantially flat chamber floor 1100b executed, wherein for the shell-shaped chamber housing 1100a preferably a circular tube with the tube inner diameter D _{1 is} used.

At the bottom of the chamber 1100b facing away from the open end is a Rohträgerplatte 700 towards the sealable chamber flange 1100E arranged, in each case a sealing groove 1100e1 for a flat gasket 900 or a differently shaped seal is provided. The diameter D _{1 of} the swirl chamber T1, T2 corresponds to the largest diameter of the tube carrier plate flowed through 700 , In the shell-shaped chamber housing 1100a , in the present case the cylindrical tube wall, is a chamber connection 1100c provided in the form of a necking, wherein the two chamber connections 1100c the two chamber housing 1100a with a connection housing 1100d , which is designed as a circular tube with an inner diameter D _V , are connected.

The two adjacent tube carrier plates 700 facing generatrix of the tubular connection housing 1100d is brought as close as constructively possible to these two (distance of the connecting channel a). The diameter D _{V of} the connecting channel V can be designed to be relatively flexible, since there is no consideration to be taken to a radius of curvature. The distance of the connecting channel a is determined solely by the axial dimensions of the chamber flanges 1100E plus a small safety distance. The respective chamber flanges 1000e is with the associated chamber housing 1100a welded gap-free on the inside. A relief groove 1100e2 , which on the sealing groove facing away from the end face of the chamber flange 1100E is provided here also facilitates Rundumverschweißung with the tubular chamber housing 1100a ,

Two adjacent tube bundles 100.i . 100.i + 1 can be placed next to each other as close as possible (average distance of the pipe support plates b). The connection fitting 1100 does not constitute a limiting component in this regard, as any axial distance between the two chamber connections 1100c due to the flexibly adjustable in length connection housing 1100d to be bridged (length of the connection housing c).

The above-described connection fitting according to the invention 1100 is exemplary in the preferred range of the fixed bearing side tube support plate 700 arranged. In principle, those of the design of the connection fitting 1100 However, underlying flow principles also on the area of the loose bearing side tube support plate 800 transfer.

1

1

first regenerative heat exchanger of preheating

2

homogenizer

3

second regenerative heat exchanger of preheating

4

Vorheißhalter

5

renewable heat exchangers the heater zone

6

first heat exchangers the heater zone

7

second heat exchangers the heater zone

8th

Erhitzerheißhalter

9

first regenerative heat exchanger of chilling

9a

third regenerative heat exchanger of chilling

10

second regenerative heat exchanger of chilling

11

heat exchangers the aftercooling zone

12

first bypass line

13

first shut-off valve

14

second shut-off valve

15

first bypass valve

16

drain valve

17

second bypass valve

18

first heat exchangers

19

second heat exchangers

20

first Conveyor

21

second Conveyor

22

second bypass line

A1

first discharge lines

A3

third discharge lines

E1.1

first Ice water supply

E1.2

first Ice water discharge

E3.1

second Ice water supply

E3.2

second Ice water discharge

D1

first steam

D2

second steam

D3

third steam

K1

first Circulation line of the regenerative first heat transfer medium

K2

second Circulation line of the second heat transfer medium

L

product line

L1

first Product line section

L2

second Product line section

L3

third Product line section

L4

fourth Product line section

L5

fifth product line section

M1

regenerative first heat transfer medium

M2

second Heat transfer medium

M3

third Heat transfer medium

P

to treating milk (standardized milk) / product flow

P1

ESL milk

P2

UHT milk

Q1

first condensate

Q3

third condensate

R1

supply line of the aftercooler

R2

drain line of the aftercooler

W1.1

water supply

W1.2

water drainage

Z1

first supply lines

Z3

second supply lines

α

angle of attack

Δθ

middle logarithmic temperature difference for heat exchange in

counterflow

θ _K1

inlet temperature the regenerative first heat transfer medium of the

chilling

100

Rohrbündel-Wärmeaustauscher

100.1, 100.2, ..., 100.i, ...

..., 100.n

Rohrbündel

100.i

i-tes Rohrbündel

100.i+1

dem Rohrbündel 100.i nachgeschaltetes Rohrbündel

100.i-1

dem Rohrbündel 100.i vorgeschaltetes Rohrbündel

200

Außenmantel

200*

Außenkanal

200a

festlagerseitiger Außenmantelflansch

200b

loslagerseitiger Außenmantelflansch

300

Innenrohr

300*

Innenkanal

400.1

erstes Gehäuse

400a

erster Anschlussstutzen

400a*

erster Querkanal

400.2

zweites Gehäuse

400b

zweiter Anschlussstutzen

400b*

zweiter Querkanal

500

festlagerseitiger Austauscherflansch

500a

erste Anschlussöffnung

500b

erster konischer Übergang

500c

erster erweiterter Durchtrittsquerschnitt

600

loslagerseitiger Austauscherflansch

700

festlagerseitige Rohrträgerplatte (Rohrspiegelplatte)

800

loslagerseitige Rohrträgerplatte (Rohrspiegelplatte)

800a

zweite Anschlussöffnung

800b

zweiter konischer Übergang

800c

zweiter erweiterter Durchtrittsquerschnitt

800d

loslagerseitiger Anschlussstutzen

900

Flachdichtung

910

O-Ring

1000

Verbindungsbogen

c

Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Außenmantel

v

mittlere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Innenrohr

A

Austritt

A_i

Durchtrittsquerschnitt des Innenrohres

nA_i

Gesamtdurchtrittsquerschnitt aller parallel durchströmten Innenrohre

A_o

Nenndurchtrittsquerschnitt des Verbindungsbogens

D_i

Rohrinnendurchmesser (Innenrohr 300)

D₁

größter Durchmesser des ersten erweiterten

Durchtrittsquerschnitts 500c im festlageseitigen Austauscherflansch 500

DN

Nenndurchmesser des Verbindungsbogens (A_o = DN²π/4)

E

Eintritt

2 (State of the art)

100

Shell and tube heat exchangers

100.1, 100.2, ..., 100.i, ...

..., 100.n

tube bundle

100.i

i'th tube bundle

100.i + 1

the tube bundle 100.i downstream tube bundle

100.i-1

the tube bundle 100.i upstream tube bundle

200

outer sheath

200 *

outer channel

200a

fixed bearing side outer jacket flange

200b

loose-side outer jacket flange

300

inner tube

300 *

internal channel

400.1

first housing

400a

first connection piece

400a *

first cross channel

400.2

second housing

400b

second connection piece

400b *

second cross channel

500

fixed bearing side exchanger flange

500a

first connection opening

500b

first conical transition

500c

first extended passage cross-section

600

loose bearing side exchanger flange

700

fixed bearing pipe support plate (tube mirror plate)

800

loose-side tube carrier plate (tube mirror plate)

800a

second connection opening

800b

second conical transition

800c

second extended passage cross-section

800d

loose bearing side connection

900

gasket

910

O-ring

1000

compound bow

c

Flow velocity in the outer jacket

v

mean flow velocity in the inner tube

A

exit

A _i

Passage cross section of the inner tube

nA _i

Total passage cross-section of all parallel flowed inner tubes

A _o

Nominal passage cross-section of the connecting bow

D _i

Inner tube diameter (inner tube 300 )

D ₁

largest diameter of the first extended

The passage cross section 500c in the fixed-side exchanger flange 500

DN

Nominal diameter of the connecting elbow (A _o = DN ² π / 4)

e

entry

1100

Verbindungsarmatur

1100a

Kammergehäuse (z. B. kreisförmiges erstes Rohr)

1100b

Kammerboden

1100c

Kammeranschluss (z. B. Aushalsung)

1100d

Verbindungsgehäuse (z. B. kreisförmiges zweites Rohr)

1100e

Kammerflansch

1100e1

Dichtungsnut

1100e2

Entlastungsnut

a

Abstand des Verbindungskanals

b

mittlerer Abstand der Rohrträgerplatten

c

Länge des Verbindungsgehäuses

v*

erhöhte Geschwindigkeit im Verbindungskanal V

A₁

erweiterter Durchtrittsquerschnitt der Wirbelkammer T1, T2 bzw. des

Kammergehäuses 1100a

A_V

reduzierter Durchtrittsquerschnitt des Verbindungskanals V bzw. des

Verbindungsgehäuses 1100d

D₁

Durchmesser der Wirbelkammer T1, T2 bzw.

des Kammergehäuses 1100a

D_V

Durchmesser des Verbindungskanals V bzw.

des Verbindungsgehäuses 1100d

P(A)

austretender Produktstrom

P(E)

eintretender Produktstrom

P(V)

querströmender Produktstrom (Querstrom)

T1

erste Wirbelkammer

T2

zweite Wirbelkammer

V

Verbindungskanal

3 and 4

1100

connection fitting

1100a

Chamber housing (eg circular first pipe)

1100b

chamber floor

1100c

Chamber connection (eg necking)

1100d

Connection housing (eg circular second pipe)

1100E

chamber flange

1100e1

seal groove

1100e2

relief

a

Distance of the connection channel

b

mean distance of the tube carrier plates

c

Length of the connection housing

v *

increased speed in the connection channel V

A ₁

extended passage cross-section of the vortex chamber T1, T2 or the

chamber housing 1100a

A _V

reduced passage cross-section of the connecting channel V or the

junction box 1100d

D ₁

Diameter of the vortex chamber T1, T2 or

of the chamber housing 1100a

D _V

Diameter of the connecting channel V or

of the connection housing 1100d

P (A)

leaking product stream

P (E)

incoming product stream

P (V)

transverse flow of product (cross flow)

T1

first vortex chamber

T2

second vortex chamber

V

connecting channel

Claims (14)

A process for producing a prolonged drinkable milk, wherein a standard milk to be treated (P) is heated to a temperature in the range of 115 to 125 degrees Celsius and maintained at this temperature over a holding time in the range of 1 to 3 seconds to produce a so-called. ESL (Extent Shelf Life) milk (P1) and this treatment is carried out in a commercial Ultra-High-Temperature (UHT) device, in which an indirect product heating by heat exchange by means of a heat transfer medium to the tube walls of a group of inner tubes in tube bundle heat exchangers for treatment the milk (P) is provided by the process of UHT heating for the production of a so-called UHT milk (P2), and wherein the UHT device, seen in the direction of flow of the milk (P), substantially the treatment zones Preheating zone with two-stage, regenerative heat exchange and intermediate homogenizer ( 1 . 2 . 3 ), • prediction ( 4 ) • Heating zone with regenerative ( 5 ) and subsequently two-stage, non-regenerative heat exchange ( 6 . 7 ), • heat retention ( 8th ) and • cooling zone with at least two-stage, regenerative heat exchange ( 9 , ( 9a ) 10 ), characterized in that the heating power with respect to the milk (P) between an exit from the preheating zone ( 1 . 2 . 3 ) and an entry into the second stage of non-regenerative heat exchange ( 7 ) of the heater zone ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) is reduced by bypass guide ( 12 ) of the milk (P) in this area, • that the cooling capacity with respect to the milk (P) in the cooling zone ( 9 , ( 9a ) 10 ) is reduced by dispensing with a part of the cooling capacity, namely, seen in the flow direction of the milk (P), by bypass guide ( 22 ) of a regenerative first heat transfer medium (M1) at the end of the cooling zone ( 9 , ( 9a ) 10 ), And that the cooling zone ( 9 , ( 9a ) 10 ) a post-cooling zone ( 11 ), which is not included in the "regenerative" heat exchange. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that one for the heat exchange in countercurrent in the cooling zone ( 9 , ( 9a ) 10 ) effective mean logarithmic temperature difference (Δθ) by reducing the inlet temperature (θ _K1 ) of the in the cooling zone ( 9 , ( 9a ) 10 ) flowing regenerative first heat transfer medium (M1) is increased. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that this process for making the ESL milk (P1) when needed automatically convertible into the process of making the UHT milk (P2) is. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the process of making the UHT milk (P2) as needed automatically into the process of producing the ESL milk (P1) is changeable. Apparatus for producing a prolonged drinkable milk, wherein the standardized milk (P) to be treated is heated to a temperature in the range of 115 to 125 degrees Celsius and maintained at this temperature over a holding time in the range of 1 to 3 seconds to produce a so-called. ESL (Extent Shelf Life) milk (P1) and this treatment is carried out in a commercial Ultra-High-Temperature (UHT) device, in which an indirect product heating by heat exchange by means of a heat transfer medium to the tube walls of a group of inner tubes in tube bundle heat exchangers for treatment the milk (P) is provided by the method of UHT heating (UHT heating) for producing a so-called. UHT milk (P2), and wherein the UHT device, seen in the direction of flow of milk (P), substantially • a first regenerative heat exchanger of the preheating zone ( 1 ), • a homogenizer ( 2 ), • a second regenerative heat exchanger of the preheating zone ( 3 ), • a pre-heat holder ( 4 ), • a regenerative heat exchanger of the heating zone ( 5 ), • a first heat exchanger of the heating zone ( 6 ), • a second heat exchanger of the heating zone ( 7 ), • a heater hot-holder ( 8th ), • a first and possibly a third regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone ( 9 respectively. 9a ) and • a second regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone ( 10 ), characterized • that one over valves ( 13 . 14 . 15 ) optionally switchable first bypass line ( 12 ) the product-side flow path between an outlet of the second regenerative heat exchanger of the preheating zone ( 3 ) and an entrance of the regenerative heat exchanger of the heating zone ( 7 ), that at the second regenerative heat exchanger of the cooling zone ( 10 ), on the side of the regenerative first heat transfer medium (M1), one via a second bypass valve ( 17 ) switchable second bypass line ( 22 ) an inlet and outlet at this heat exchanger ( 10 ) and that the heat exchanger ( 10 ), seen in the direction of flow of the milk (P; P1), a heat exchanger of the post-cooling zone ( 11 ), which is not involved in the regenerative heat exchange in the area between the heat exchangers ( 1 and 10 ) is included. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the second heat exchanger of the heater zone ( 7 ) is configured such that its surface roughened by macro-roughness structures of the inner tube inner surface of the inner tubes, also extending over the macro-roughness structures, is treated by means of an electrochemical polishing process which produces a micro-surface texture which is structurally as energetically characterized by a reduced tendency for the adhesion of foreign substances due to passivation and reduction of the energy level of the treated surface of the pipe inner wall, that the macro-roughness structures are oriented at an angle α with respect to the longitudinal axis of the inner pipe, and that the angle of attack α in the region 35 up to 25 degrees. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a first heat exchanger ( 18 ) is additionally provided in a first circulation line (K1) of the regenerative first heat transfer medium (M1) with a supply line (Z1) and a discharge line (A1) for ice water (E.1.1, E1.2). Connection fitting for reducing the deposits on pipe support plates of tube bundle heat exchangers for a device according to one of claims 5 to 7, which the product flow-through inner tubes ( 300 ) each of two adjacent, substantially parallel, series-connected tube bundles ( 100.i . 100i + 1 ) in the region of the respective tube carrier plate ( 700 ), characterized in that • each tube support plate ( 700 a first or second swirl chamber (T1, T2) is assigned, that the first and the second swirl chamber (T1, T2) has a relative to a total passage cross-section (nA _i ) of all parallel-flowed inner tubes ( 300 ) has extended passage cross-section (A ₁ ), and • that the first and the second swirl chamber (T1, T2) with a substantially linearly extending connecting channel (V) are flow-permeable to each other, • perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube bundles ( 100.i . 100.i + 1 ) and has a relation to the extended passage cross-section (A ₁ ) reduced passage cross-section (A _V ). Connection fitting according to claim 8, characterized in that the extended passage cross-section (A ₁ ) one to two nominal widths greater than the total passage cross-section (nA _i ) of all parallel-flowed inner tubes ( 300 ) is executed. Connecting fitting according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the reduced passage cross-section (A _V ) is equal to or approximately equal to the total passage cross-section (nA _i ) of all parallel-flowed inner tubes ( 300 ) is executed. Connection fitting according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that • the first and the second turbulence chamber (T1, T2) in each case cup-shaped with a shell-shaped chamber housing ( 1100a ) and a substantially flat chamber floor ( 1100b ) is carried out, • that on the chamber floor ( 1100b ) facing away from the open end to the pipe support plate ( 700 ) sealable chamber flange ( 1100E ), that in the shell-shaped chamber housing ( 1100a ) a chamber connection ( 1100c ), and • that the respective chamber connection ( 1100c ) with a connection housing ( 1100d ) connected is. Connection fitting according to claim 11, characterized in that the respective chamber connection ( 1100c ) is relatively short. Connection fitting according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the chamber connection ( 1100c ) is executed at least rounded inside. Connection fitting according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that for the chamber housing ( 1100a ) and the connection housing ( 1100d ) in each case a circular tube is used and that the chamber connection ( 1100c ) is designed as a neck.