DE102005007100A1 - Process or working machine with ionic liquid as operating fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process or working machine with a liquid as operating fluid, wherein the invention is that the operating fluid is an ionic liquid. DOLLAR A The invention also consists in the use of operating fluids in process or working machines in that an ionic liquid as a working fluid, in particular as lubricating fluid, barrier fluid, Abdichtflüssigkeit, pressure transfer fluid, etc., is used.

Description

The The invention relates to a process or work machine with a liquid as operating fluid.

In many funding, Working and working principles of process and work machines become fluids used for functional maintenance and / or assurance.

So Be in the range of process machines, such as pumps, in particular Vacuum pumps, rotary vane pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps, Diaphragm pumps, etc., in compressors, such as screw compressors etc., and in piston machines liquids, preferably oils, as a lubricating fluid, Sealing fluid, barrier fluid, pressure transfer fluid, i. all generally as working fluid used. As a result, the use of a process machine at all only allows because so beisp. a reduction of wear, the Friction and the gap leakage current can be achieved.

• a) Hydraulische Membranpumpen. Hierbei wird (Öl oder eine andere Flüssigkeit als Hydraulikflüssigkeit für den Membranantrieb sowie als Kopplungsfluid zwischen den Membranen verwendet;
• b) Verschiedene Typen von Vakuumpumpen und Verdichtern, wie Drehschieberpumpen, Rootspumpen, Drehkolbenverdichter, Schraubenverdichter, Kolbenkompressoren, Scrollverdichter usw. Hier gelangen Schmierflüssigkeiten zur Schmierung, aber auch zur Abdichtung der Verdichterorgane sowie zur Kühlung der Verdichterorgane und der Förderfluide zur Anwendung;
• c) Flüssigkeitsringvakuumpumpen. Diese verwenden Flüssigkeiten als Betriebsflüssigkeit zur Erzeugung des Fördereffektes (flüssiger Kolben), zur Schmierung sowie zur Aufnahme der Kompressionswärme.
• d) Arbeitsmaschinen und Arbeitsaggregate, wie Motoren, Getriebe, Hydrauliksysteme usw. Hier gelangen Flüssigkeiten als Schmierfluide, d.h. zur Lagerschmierung, zur Zahnschmierung usw., sowie zur Kraftübertragung, insbesondere bei Hydraulikaggregaten, Hydraulikzylindern, Hebevorrichtungen usw., zum Einsatz;

Typical examples of such applications are:

• a) Hydraulic diaphragm pumps. In this case (oil or another liquid is used as hydraulic fluid for the membrane drive and as coupling fluid between the membranes;
• b) Different types of vacuum pumps and compressors, such as rotary vane pumps, Roots pumps, rotary compressors, screw compressors, reciprocating compressors, scroll compressors, etc. Here are lubricating fluids for lubrication, but also for sealing the compressor bodies and for cooling the compressor members and the delivery fluids used;
• c) liquid ring vacuum pumps. These use liquids as operating fluid to generate the conveying effect (liquid piston), for lubrication and to absorb the heat of compression.
• d) machines and work units, such as motors, gearboxes, hydraulic systems, etc. Here are fluids as lubricating fluids, ie for bearing lubrication, tooth lubrication, etc., and for power transmission, especially in hydraulic units, hydraulic cylinders, lifting devices, etc., used;

• a) Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades,
• b) Schutz vor Verschleiß und
• c) Verdunstungskühlung, d.h. die Flüssigkeit verdunstet in den Pumpenkammern bei Überschreitung der Verdampfungstemperatur und kühlt damit das Prozessgas, da die Flüssigkeit einen Teil der Verdichtungswärme aufnimmt.

As a result, there are certain benefits, including:

• a) increasing the efficiency,
• b) protection against wear and tear
• c) evaporative cooling, ie the liquid evaporates in the pump chambers when the evaporation temperature is exceeded and thus cools the process gas, since the liquid absorbs part of the heat of compression.

one such use of the known operating fluids in process and work machines, however, there are serious disadvantages across from. Thus, the vapor pressure of such liquids determines the minimum pressure in a process machine, wherein in case of evaporation of the liquid this again has to be deposited consuming from the process gas.

hydraulic Diaphragm pumps are a typical example of the disadvantages described. Such hydraulic diaphragm pumps are due to their hermetic Properties with simultaneously high compressive rigidity and conveying accuracy preferred for critical promotional tasks, how to promote toxic, environmentally relevant or hygienic liquids, for conveying at high pressures as well as to the precise Dosing any liquids used.

in this connection However, a multiple limiting factor is the hydraulic fluid, as a pressure transfer fluid from the piston to the membrane is used. Usually this is mineral oil or else synthetic oil, For example, polyglycol with a variety of additives, or also special oil used. Due to the physiological concern of this lubricant Glycerine is also used in food or biotechnology.

Alles However, these fluids have disadvantages. This is shown, for example in the application of mineral oil, that solved Gas the minimum suction pressure of the diaphragm pump to 0.4 bar absolute limited. The thermal limit is reached at about 150 ° C. It also gives a big change the viscosity due to temperature change. The application of synthetic oil shows the same disadvantages as mineral oil, the thermal limit a little bit higher lies.

Finally conditioned the application of glycerine the use of inhibitors of biological decomposition. Nevertheless, lets but do not prevent the decomposition. The thermal limit here is only 95 ° C. The viscosity is here in consuming Set by mixing with water.

Another typical example of the disadvantages described are liquid ring vacuum pumps. Here, the rotating liquid ring is needed to seal the impeller chambers against each other and to transfer the necessary compression energy to the gas. The vapor pressure of the ring liquid limits the minimum he achievable suction pressure level. At this suction pressure, the impeller chambers then completely fill up with the evaporating working fluid, and the pumping speed of the liquid ring vacuum pump drops to zero. In practice, used operating fluids, preferably water with a vapor pressure at ambient temperature of about 23 mbar and oils with a vapor pressure of about 1 mbar, therefore, allow only the operation in the so-called.

Rough vacuum range. In processes, by contrast need the so-called fine vacuum range, have to therefore inevitably other compressors are used. These are, however, due to their operating principles disadvantages compared to the use of a liquid ring vacuum pump. Especially in the field of the chemical industry is the application for Compaction of hydrocarbons only possible with great safety precautions, since the applicable compressors require an explosion-proof design.

Around to reduce the vacuum range, were therefore already investigations with oils and various fluids on aqueous Base performed. The lowering of the suction pressure level, however, could only up to one Limit of 1 mbar can be achieved. This minor extension of the field of application is however at the same time with difficulties concerning the Handling of the most toxic or environmentally hazardous operating fluid connected. At the same time it had to be ensured that the ring liquid not with the most aggressive or corrosive gas to be sucked off responding.

Finally are Piston engines another typical example of the occurrence the disadvantages described. In such piston engines would be a possible technical solution for special applications, this for the purpose of gas or also fluid delivery with a liquid piston or a liquid feed flask to operate at a given sufficient density difference and Immiscibility. However, this is so far at the limits of the known fluids failed because of the application of aqueous liquids the known disadvantages, such as evaporation, corrosion, toxicity, gas solubility etc., result. The same applies to the use of organic liquids, since the disadvantages of evaporation, toxicity, volatility, etc. occur here. Finally are more fluid during use Metals the disadvantages of toxicity, high cost, high density, difficult sealing, etc. given.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a process or working machine of the generic type, the one liquid as operating fluid has, in such a way that the described disadvantages are avoided without the benefits of the previously used fluids to lose.

The Features of the solution this problem created invention will become apparent from the claim 1. Advantageous embodiments thereof are described in the further claims.

Of the Invention is based on the essential idea of a process or work machine such that the provided in her operating fluid an ionic liquid is. This results in amazing benefits, which are listed below be set out in detail.

As known to exist ionic liquids from ions and are thus salts. Unlike common salts, For example, sodium chloride, but they have a lower Melting point and can already liquid at room temperature be. Thus, by definition, all salts which are in pure form below from 100 ° C liquid present as ionic liquid.

Ionic liquids can be referred to as liquid salts. They have an extremely low vapor pressure (10 ^-13 bar), have low gas solubility, are nonflammable, are often physiologically harmless, are often thermally stable up to over 250 ° C and are lubricated. The list of benefits offered by ionic liquids is long. Ionic liquids therefore represent an environmentally friendly and resource-saving substitute for the previously described liquids.

at ionic liquids is a desired stepwise by appropriate choice of cation and anion Setting the polarity and thus a tuning of their properties, in particular their solubility properties, possible. The spectrum ranges from water-miscible ionic liquids to water-immiscible ones Liquids up to those that form two phases even with organic solvents. The skilful exploitation of these extraordinary properties of ionic liquids is the key for the successful use of these liquids in the sense of the invention.

• a) Schmierwirkung
• b) Drucksteifigkeit
• c) Viskosität in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur
• d) Dampfdruckgrenze
• e) chemische Inertheit
• f) thermische Inertheit
• g) Löslichkeitsverhalten
• h) physiologische Unbedenklichtkeit.

The inventively provided use of an ionic liquid as a working fluid in process or working machines, the following parameters can be advantageously influenced as desired:

• a) Lubricating effect
• b) compressive stiffness
• c) viscosity as a function of the temperature
• d) vapor pressure limit
• e) chemical inertness
• f) thermal inertness
• g) solubility behavior
• h) physiological neutrality.

• a) Absenkung der durch den Verdampfungsdruck bestimmten Vakuumgrenze. Dies beruht darauf, dass der extrem niedrige Verdampfungsdruck einer ionischen Flüssigkeit von etwa 10^–13 bar eine deutliche Herabsetzung des erreichbaren Vakuumdrucks ermöglicht, z.B. im Bereich von Flüssigkeitsringvakuumpumpen, bei denen erfindungsgemäß eine ionische Flüssigkeit als Ringflüssigkeit zur Anwendung gelangen kann.
• b) Eine vorhandene Schmierwirkung in Kombination mit höherer Temperaturstabilität und niederem Dampfdruck führt bei allen geschmierten Vakuumpumpentypen und Verdichtern zu einem geringeren Schmiermittelverbrauch sowie zur Einsparung von Ölabscheidern bei gleichzeitiger Absenkung des erreichbaren Vakuums.
• c) Eine erzielbare gute Schmierwirkung in Kombination mit physiologischer Unbedenklichkeit und thermischer sowie chemischer Stabilität stellt für Schmieranforderungen in Hygienebetrieben und Hygienemaschinen sowie Apparaten einen grossen Hinzugewinn an Wirtschaftlichkeit und Sicherheit dar. Typische Beispiele hierfür sind hydraulische Membranpumpen für den Hygienebetrieb, Getriebe für den Hygienebetrieb, Lagerschmieranforderungen im Hygienebetrieb, Dichtungsschmierung im Hygienebetrieb usw.
• d) Eine höhere Drucksteifigkeit verspricht bei allen Druckerzeugern aufgrund der geringeren Kompressibilität höhere Wirkungsgrade und ermöglicht damit kleinere Maschinen für die gleiche Förderleistung.
• e) Ein geringerer Abfall der Viskosität bei Temperaturerhöhung ermöglicht stabilere Betriebszustände und geringere Leckverluste in Pumpen bei hohen Temperaturen. Damit steigt auch der Wirkungsgrad.
• f) Die geringe Gaslöslichkeit sowie der sehr niedrige Dampfdruck einer ionischen Flüssigkeit ermöglichen deren erfindungsgemäße Verwendung als Flüssigkolben für Gase und bestimmte Flüssigkeiten sowie als Hydraulikfluid für Membranpumpen mit geringem Gasgehalt und damit verbesserter Fördergenauigkeit. Als Besonderheit gilt, dass spezielle ionische Flüssigkeiten absolut oxidationsunwillig sind und daher für die Sauerstoffverdichtung oder als Flüssigkolben als Schmiermittel dienen können.
• g) Der typische sehr niedrige Dampfdruck einer ionischen Flüssigkeit erlaubt große Saughöhen bei Membranpumpen.
• h) Die chemische Inertheit einer ionischen Flüssigkeit erlaubt die Anwendung als Schmierung in Fördermaschinen für Chemikalien.

This can be achieved with ionic liquids, which improve the aforementioned parameters compared to the previously used operating fluids, the following advantages:

• a) lowering the vacuum limit determined by the evaporation pressure. This is based on the fact that the extremely low evaporation pressure of an ionic liquid of about 10 ^-13 bar allows a significant reduction of the achievable vacuum pressure, for example in the area of liquid ring vacuum pumps, in which according to the invention an ionic liquid can be used as ring liquid.
• b) An existing lubricating effect in combination with higher temperature stability and lower vapor pressure leads to lower lubricant consumption and to the saving of oil separators for all lubricated vacuum pump types and compressors while simultaneously reducing the achievable vacuum.
• c) An achievable good lubricating effect in combination with physiological safety and thermal and chemical stability represents a major gain in economy and safety for lubrication requirements in sanitary and hygienic machines and apparatus. Typical examples include hydraulic diaphragm pumps for sanitary operation, gearboxes for hygienic operation, bearing lubrication requirements in hygienic operation, seal lubrication in hygienic operation, etc.
• d) A higher compressive stiffness promises higher efficiencies for all pressure generators due to the lower compressibility and thus allows smaller machines for the same capacity.
• e) A lesser drop in viscosity with temperature increase allows more stable operating conditions and lower leakage in pumps at high temperatures. This also increases the efficiency.
• f) The low gas solubility and the very low vapor pressure of an ionic liquid allow their use according to the invention as a liquid piston for gases and certain liquids as well as hydraulic fluid for diaphragm pumps with low gas content and thus improved delivery accuracy. A special feature is that special ionic liquids are absolutely unwilling to oxidize and can therefore serve as a lubricant for the oxygen compression or as a liquid piston.
• g) The typical very low vapor pressure of an ionic liquid allows high suction heights for diaphragm pumps.
• h) The chemical inertness of an ionic liquid allows its use as lubrication in chemical handling equipment.

Ionic liquids are therefore able to avoid the disadvantages described so far. Due to their extremely low vapor pressure of 10 ^-13 bar (liquid salt), they can achieve extremely low pressures in the vacuum technology and at the same time avoid contamination of the process gas in both vacuum pumps and compressors.

There is also the possibility, in this way also critical gases, such as pure oxygen, in liquid to promote lubricated machines without Oxidation or even fires to cause.

by virtue of the inventively provided Use of ionic liquids In process machines, it is now also possible, also the aforementioned piston engines with a liquid piston, the from an ionic liquid exists to operate and at the same time the disadvantages described to avoid. This involves the use of ionic liquids Furthermore the advantage that a reaction with the conveyed material is excluded, since they are to a great extent are inert.

Finally will also with liquid ring vacuum pumps due to the use according to the invention ionic liquids as ring liquid the Use of these pumps also in the fine vacuum range allows. That way you can Liquid ring vacuum pumps instead of the previously used screw compressors, piston compressors, rotating vane compressor etc. are used and their major advantages in terms of robustness, reliability and fully exploit process reliability.

The Here before occurring disadvantages and difficulties are by the use according to the invention of ionic liquids circumvented, because these on the respective process conditions and the be sucked gases can be adjusted. Thus, a reaction be reliably prevented with the gas to be sucked off.

The Advantages of using ionic liquids as working fluid The following are based on the principle of operation of a liquid ring vacuum pump and the limits of the fluids used in this case explained.

Thus, a paddle wheel is eccentrically arranged in a cylindrical housing in a liquid ring vacuum pump. The operating fluid in the housing forms due to the rotation of the impeller a co-rotating, concentrically formed liquid ring. This completes together with the rotor blades, the gas volumes in the chambers. Due to the eccentricity of the rotor, the blades completely submerge in the upper area in the liquid ring, so that the chamber volume is filled with operating fluid. During the rotation, the liquid ring lifts off the impeller hub and forms a crescent-shaped space. The gaseous fluid to be delivered is sucked into the working space by the control disk openings arranged on the end faces of the impeller. Just before the gas-filled chamber volume reaches its maximum, the suction slot ends and the chamber is sealed by the control discs, the impeller blades and the fluid. Then the liquid ring migrates back to the hub and compresses the gas like a piston. As soon as the pressure slot openings are reached, the compressed gas is expelled.

The operating fluid has in liquid ring vacuum pumps especially to fulfill three functions, First, the function of a moving piston with the work cycles Suction, compression and expulsion, secondly the sealing function for sealing the scoop spaces against each other and third, the inclusion of the heat of compression.

Around the heat of compression dissipate, is constantly a part of the operating fluid discharged through the pressure slot, with the same amount of fresh liquid over a liquid channel is supplied in the shaft hub of the pump. Because of this permanent Re-cooling is reaches a constant temperature of the operating fluid.

Basically limited the vapor pressure of the operating fluid, as known, the lowest suction level in the intake manifold to be achieved the pump. The suction pressure drops to a value equal to or near the vapor pressure of the liquid, it comes to cavitation and thus to a complete power loss the pump.

In most applications becomes water as ring liquid used. The advantage here is the high specific heat capacity, the constant availability, the environmental compatibility and finally the price.

adversely However, the risk of corrosion affects ferritic materials out and the limitation of the application area to the rough vacuum until to about 50 mbar.

at Special applications are also used oils, which have a lower vapor pressure. However, such oils lead to a contamination of the pumped medium and pose an environmental risk. It is also known to use chemicals as operating fluid, For example, concentrated sulfuric acid for chlorine gas compression.

These However, applications require increased Safety measures as well as additional Apparatuses such as oil separators etc.

In all previously known cases however, the field of application of liquid ring vacuum pumps remains limited the rough vacuum.

Here The invention now provides a remedy by virtue of the inventively provided Use of ionic liquids the area of application of the liquid ring vacuum pumps is expanded into the fine vacuum range. Since such ionic fluids have no significant vapor pressure, no cavitation occurs on, so that also no limitation of the suction pressure down results. Furthermore, ionic fluids have very good lubricating properties and allow so that adapted to the fine vacuum shaft seal. In contrast to the use of oil there is no contamination of the conveying fluid.

by virtue of the inventively provided Use of ionic liquids in process machines, especially in liquid ring vacuum pumps, Therefore, their application is expanded in the fine vacuum range. This is where liquid ring vacuum pumps come into contact in a field of application that was previously of rotary and gate valves, Roots or steam jet pumps was covered. However, these have the Disadvantage that the necessary blschmierung the impeller in the housing to a Contamination of the conveying medium leads and that the removal of the heat of compression only expensive apparatus can be realized.

It can therefore liquid ring vacuum pumps in the now possible application of fine vacuum (10 ^-3 - 10 ^-1 mbar) their pump immanent advantages, such as highest reliability, quasi isothermal compression and freedom from oil in the compression process play, and they open up in this way completely new process control and applications ,

The according to the invention as a working fluid for Use are reaching ionic liquids in their different ways Composition described in claim 6.

• 1) 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborat: wassermischbar, stabil >250°C, chemisch inert, positive Schmiereigenschaften;
• 2) 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphat: nicht mischbar mit Wasser, stabil bis 250°C, chemisch inert, positive Schmiereigenschaften;
• 3) 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumethylsulfat: mischbar mit Wasser, physiologisch unbedenklich (nachgewiesen), stabil bis 250°C, chemisch inert, im Tonnenmaßstab verfügbar;
• 4) 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbistrifluoromethansulfonylamid: nicht mit Wasser mischbar, stabil >300°C, chemisch inert, positive Schmiereigenschaften;
• 5) 3-Methyl-1-ethylpyridiniumethylsulfat: mischbar mit Wasser, stabil bis 250°C, chemisch inert;
• 6) Butyltrimethylphosphoniumdimethylphosphat: mischbar mit Wasser, stabil bis 200°C, chemisch inert.

For the sake of example only, some preferred ionic liquids which have the stated properties for certain desired purposes are mentioned below:

• 1) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate: water-miscible, stable> 250 ° C, chemically inert, positive lubricating properties;
• 2) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: immiscible with water, stable up to 250 ° C, chemically inert, positive lubricating properties;
• 3) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumethylsulfate: miscible with water, physiologically harmless (proven), stable up to 250 ° C, chemically inert, available on a ton scale;
• 4) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbistrifluoromethanesulfonylamide: not miscible with water, stable> 300 ° C, chemically inert, positive lubricating properties;
• 5) 3-methyl-1-ethylpyridiniumethylsulfate: miscible with water, stable up to 250 ° C, chemically inert;
• 6) Butyltrimethylphosphonium dimethyl phosphate: miscible with water, stable up to 200 ° C, chemically inert.

Claims (17)

Process or working machine with a liquid as the operating fluid, characterized in that the operating fluid is an ionic liquid. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that they as a gas carrier is configured and as a lubricating or barrier fluid, an ionic liquid having. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that it is designed as a hydraulic diaphragm pump and as Hydraulic fluid an ionic liquid having. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a liquid ring vacuum pump and has as an annular liquid an ionic liquid, which extends the working range of the pump in the fine vacuum range (10 ^-3 to 1 mbar). Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that that they are oscillating as a piston engine with one in a cylinder Piston in the form of a liquid piston or an upstream liquid feed piston designed, which consists of an ionic liquid and due its oscillating motion a gas or a immiscible liquid low density or a liquid of high density promotes. Machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ionic liquid provided as operating fluid is composed of cations and anions, wherein the cation used - a quaternary ammonium cation of the general formula [NR ¹ R ² R ³ R] ⁺ , - or a phosphonium cation of the general formula [PR ¹ R ² R ³ R] ⁺ , - or an imidazolium cation of the general formula

wherein the imidazole nucleus may be substituted with at least one group selected from C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ aminoalkyl, C ₅ -C _12- aryl or C ₅ -C ₁₂ -aryl-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl groups, - pyridinium cations of the general formula

wherein the pyridine nucleus may be substituted with at least one group selected from C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ aminoalkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ - Aryl or C ₅ -C ₁₂ -aryl-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl groups, - pyrazolium cations of the general formula

wherein the pyrazole nucleus may be substituted with at least one group selected from C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ aminoalkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ - Aryl or C ₅ -C ₁₂ aryl-C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl groups, - and triazolium cations of the general formula

wherein the triazole nucleus may be substituted with at least one group selected from C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ aminoalkyl, C ₅ -C ₁₂ - Aryl or C ₅ -C ₁₂ aryl-C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl groups, and the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ^{3 are} independently selected from the group consisting of - hydrogen; - linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or alicyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the heteroaryl radical and at least one heteroatom selected from among N, O and S, which is substituted by at least one group selected from C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl groups and / or halogen atoms may be substituted; - aryl, aryl-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms in the aryl radical, which may optionally be substituted by at least one C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl group and / or one halogen atom; and the radical R is selected from: linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or alicyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; - heteroaryl-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the aryl radical and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S, which may be substituted by at least one C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl groups and / or halogen atoms; - Aryl-C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms in the aryl radical, which may be optionally substituted with at least one C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl group and / or a halogen atom, and wherein the anion of the ionic liquid used is an anion of the group [PF ₆ ] ^- , [BF ₄ ] ^- , [CF ₃ CO ₂ ] ^- , [CF ₃ SO ₃ ] ^- , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ^- , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ( CF ₃ COO) N] ^-, [R ⁴ -SO _3] ^-, [R ⁴ -O-SO _3] ^-, [R ⁴ COO] ^-, Cl ^-, Br ^-, I ^-, [NO _3] ^- , [N (CN) ₂ ] ^- , [HSO ₄ ] ^- or [R ⁴ R ⁵ PO ₄ ] ^- and the radicals R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} independently selected from the group consisting of - hydrogen; - linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or alicyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; - Heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C1-C6-alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the heteroaryl radical and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S, which are substituted with at least one group selected from C1-C6-alkyl groups and / or halogen atoms can; - Aryl, aryl-C1-C6-alkyl groups having 5 to 12 carbon atoms in the aryl radical, which may be substituted by at least one C1-C6-alkyl group and / or a halogen atom. Machine according to claim 6, characterized that the as operating fluid used ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Machine according to claim 6, characterized that the as operating fluid used ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Machine according to claim 6, characterized that the as operating fluid used ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumethylsulfat. Machine according to claim 6, characterized that the as operating fluid used ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumbistrifluoromethanesulfonylamide. Machine according to claim 6, characterized that the as operating fluid used ionic liquid 3-methyl-1-ethylpyridinium ethylsulfate. Machine according to claim 6, characterized that the as operating fluid used ionic liquid Butyltrimethylphosphoniumdimethylphosphat is. Use of operating fluids in process or Work machines, characterized in that an ionic liquid as operating fluid, especially as a lubricating fluid, Sealing liquid, Plugging liquid, Oil filling, is used. Use according to claim 13, characterized that the ionic liquid in gas carriers used as lubricating and sealing fluid becomes. Use according to claim 13, characterized that the ionic liquid used in hydraulic diaphragm pumps as hydraulic fluid. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the ionic liquid is used in liquid ring vacuum pumps as a ring liquid for expanding the working range in the fine vacuum (10 ^-3 - 1 mbar). Use according to claim 13, characterized that the ionic liquid in piston engines as in a cylinder oscillating liquid piston is inserted, due to its oscillating motion Gas or a non-mixable liquid low density or a liquid greater Promote density can.