DE102004057774A1 - Mobile radio aerials for operation in several frequency bands, with several dipole radiator, in front of reflector, radiating in two different frequency bands, with specified spacing of radiator structure, radiator elements, etc - Google Patents

Abstract

In front of reflector (1) are located several dipole radiators (2,3) with radiator elements or structures (102,103). At least one dipole radiator (3) is for lower frequency band and at least one radiator (2) radiates in higher frequency band. Spacing of radiator structure, radiator elements, or their top side (102) of higher frequency radiator to reflector plane (E) of 75 to 150 per cent of specified elements. Spacing is also 0.4 to 2 lambda with respect to mean frequency of higher frequency radiator.

Description

The The invention relates to an antenna, in particular a mobile radio antenna, for operation in at least two frequency bands.

Multi-range antennas are known from the prior art, which make it possible to receive or transmit radiation in at least two different frequency ranges. For example, the document shows DE 198 23 749 A1 a dual polarized multigrade antenna comprising first and second radiators. The first and second radiators radiate in different frequency ranges and comprise dual polarized dipole radiators arranged on a reflector and radiating in polarizations oriented at + 45 ° and -45 ° to the vertical. In the multigrade antenna shown in this document, the first radiators comprise cross dipoles that radiate in an upper frequency band. The radiators in the lower frequency band are dipole squares, wherein in each dipole square a cross dipole is arranged. By appropriate shaping of the reflector, the radiation properties of the first and second radiators can be changed, but it is not possible to simultaneously optimize the radiation characteristics for the upper and lower frequency bands.

task Therefore, the invention is one operating in multiple frequency bands Antenna, which has improved radiation characteristics in each frequency band allows.

These The object is achieved by the antenna according to the independent claim. further developments of the invention are in the dependent claims Are defined.

The antenna according to the invention includes a plurality of radiators, in front of an electrically conductive and preferably metallic reflector are arranged, the one flat surface includes, which forms the reflector plane. The radiators include one or more radiation edges and / or one or more rod-shaped Elements that represent the essential parts of the dipole radiators and in the following partly also as radiator or dipole radiator structure be designated. The radiators are also each in a radiating plane, in the radiation edges and / or the rod-shaped elements of the radiator are arranged, each radiating plane substantially parallel to the reflector plane is or at most at an angle of ± 5 ° with respect to Reflector plane is inclined. To in at least two frequency bands too radiate, first and second radiators are provided, one or a plurality of the first radiators in a common first radiating plane and one or more of the second radiators in a common second radiation level and radiate in different frequency bands. The first emitters are here in an upper frequency band and the second radiators operated in a lower frequency band. The antenna according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the distance of the first radiation plane from the reflector plane at least 90% and at most 150 of the distance of second radiating plane from the reflector plane.

Thereby, that the distance of the first working in the upper frequency band Emitter is approximated to the distance of the second emitter or greater than This is an improved radiation characteristic in particular for the Spotlight for the reached upper frequency band.

By the solution according to the invention can be to realize an extremely compact design. Finally surrendered further by the inventive solution design options for the radiation diagram, So for the radiation pattern shaping, and in particular for the upper Frequency band. So lets in the context of the invention characterized particularly favorable and the half-width change, improve the fore / aft ratio as well as an improved sidelobe damping realize.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second radiating planes are substantially spaced at the same distance from the reflector plane.

Around the first, working in the upper frequency band emitters of the Reflect reflector plane to be, in a particularly preferred embodiment the invention uses pedestals, which are connected to the reflector are and are preferably at least partially electrically conductive. On each pedestal, a first radiator is arranged. The pedestal can be referred to as a platform or as an auxiliary reflector which is a longitudinal and transverse extension in longitudinal and transverse direction parallel to the reflector, which is larger as the cross section of the base or the symmetrization of the associated dipole radiator.

Preferably have the pedestals on their top an electrically conductive and preferably metallic podium top or platform on which in each case a first radiator is positioned.

Finally, at the boundary edges of the pedestal, so preferably at the upper level the pedestal, on which the associated radiator is held on its base, offset in the circumferential direction lying so-called lobes or flap-shaped extensions may be provided. These can be issued at any angle, for example at an angle of 20 °, with respect to the vertical upwards and obliquely outwards. But these lobes can also be formed as lying in the plane with the pedestal, so in other words lying parallel to the reflector plane, the pedestal area quasi-expanding, outwardly projecting lobes. Likewise, the lobes can also be angled down. In other words, the lobes in any angular positions of 0 °, for example, by + 10 °, compared to the directed away from the reflector plane vertical up to 180 °, for example, 170 °, be set at an angle relative to the vertical. Finally, the tabs can be provided only at the side wall sections on the pedestal at a distance from each other, so that in corners between two adjacent flaps an open angle range remains. In the same way, however, the lobes can also be formed as a peripheral boundary or wall on the pedestal, over which the associated radiator rises upwards. Finally, but can be dispensed with the rag altogether.

Prefers have the rag - if they are intended - specific linear and cross-overs, to achieve an optimization. The spotlight standing on the pedestal Can with his pedestal on the top of the pedestal or through the platform formed platform to be mounted. Pedestal and pedestal of the associated Spotlights can but also be formed in one piece, in an appropriate amount then the side over provided the base projecting conductive or metallic surface which is referred to as podium top, plateau or auxiliary reflector can be.

In a further embodiment of the invention, one or more first radiators are each arranged substantially centrally in a second radiator in plan view of the reflector. Preferably, in plan view of the reflector, one or more first radiators are each arranged substantially centrally between adjacent second radiators. The arrangement in plan view thus substantially corresponds to that in the document DE 198 23 749 A1 shown arrangement.

Next the first and second radiating planes may further have other radiating planes, in which the radiation edges and / or the rod-shaped elements of the first and / or arranged by second radiators. This way you can the radiation field of the antenna be further adjusted.

One or more second emitters may be, for example, dual-polarized dipole squares formed from four dipoles, as described, for example, in the already mentioned DE 198 23 749 A1 are shown. The second radiators may in particular also be cup-shaped, dual-polarized radiators, which have radiation edges or rod-shaped elements at the end remote from the reflector. In particular, the second radiators can adopt any embodiment described in document WO 03/065505 A1. The cup-shaped radiators preferably comprise a plurality of surface area elements which extend obliquely and / or perpendicular to the reflector plane and whose boundary edge remote from the reflector plane is a radiation edge. In a further preferred embodiment, in each case a first radiator is arranged in plan view of the reflector in one or more of the dipole squares and / or spherical radiators.

One or more first radiators are preferably dual polarized cross dipoles and / or vector dipole radiators. Cross dipoles are for example in the DE 198 23 749 A1 and the structure of vector dipole radiators is from the document DE 198 60 121 A1 known.

In a further embodiment According to the invention, the reflector has side walls which extend in the longitudinal direction of the reflector and extend obliquely and / or vertically from the Reflect reflector plane, wherein between the side walls, the plurality arranged by emitters.

As usual, possible side walls can open the reflector (the outside lying or slightly offset inwardly are provided) in appropriate height and angled alignment to be able to do this Shaping radiation diagram with.

In A further embodiment of the antenna according to the invention is the center frequency the lower frequency band is substantially half the size of the Center frequency of the upper frequency band. Further, they are preferably a plurality of first and second radiators in the longitudinal direction of the reflector, wherein above each second radiator essentially centrally a first radiator and between each pair each of adjacent second radiators substantially centered a first radiator is arranged.

In a further embodiment are all first emitters in the first radiating plane and all second radiator arranged in the second radiation plane.

The antenna according to the invention is preferred example, a mobile radio antenna whose frequency bands are particularly in the GSM, in the CDMA and / or for example in the UMTS mobile radio frequency range.

embodiments The invention will be described below with reference to the attached figures described in detail.

It demonstrate:

1 a plan view of a section of an embodiment of the invention to the invention;

2 a sectional view taken along the line II of 1 ;

3 : a side view of the in 2 shown pedestal with arranged thereon radiator;

4 a plan view of a detail of a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention;

5 a sectional view taken along the line II-II of 4 ;

6 a non-cut side view of the antenna according to 5 ;

7 a top view of a section of a third embodiment of the antenna according to the invention;

8th a sectional view taken along the line III-III of 7 ; and

9 a non-cut side view of the antenna according to 8th ,

1 shows a plan view of a section of a reflector sheet 1 , which hereinafter briefly as a reflector 1 is designated, which extends in the X direction. Usually, the X-longitudinal direction corresponds to the vertical direction of the antenna. The reflector comprises a substantially planar reflector base 1a , which forms the reflector plane E. The reflector plate further comprises two extending in the longitudinal or vertical direction X side walls 1b which can rise perpendicularly or at an angle to it from the plane E of the reflector and limit the reflector at the outer edge, but can also be arranged lying offset from the outer edge further inwards. On this reflector 1 are in 1 two types of spotlights arranged. The first radiator type consists of a dipole radiator 2 in the form of a vector dipole radiator. Of this type are in 1 three radiators are shown, which are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction X side by side and radiate in an upper frequency band, for example in the range of 1700 MHz to 2500 MHz. The structure and operation of vector dipole radiators is well known in the art and in particular in the document DE 198 60 121 A1 , the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and incorporated herein by reference.

The vector dipole radiators each comprise a base extending perpendicular to the reflector plane E. 2a which in turn results from a symmetrization 2 B which is formed by that in the socket 2a from above in the direction of the reflector plane E extending and usually to the reflector 1 vertically aligned axial sections, for example, with a length of λ / 4, are introduced, which are remote from the reflector plane lying electrically connected to the radiator or radiator elements. The axial sections 2e extend almost to the reflector level E, so up to a so-called basement floor 2f ( 2 ). At the top of each symmetry 2 B are two perpendicular to each other and parallel to the reflector plane E extending lines 2c provided, wherein at each front end of the lines 2c Half-dipole components 2d are arranged, which are perpendicular to the respective line and also parallel to the reflector plane E extend. The vector dipole radiator is constructed in electrical terms like a crossed dipole, each consisting of two mutually perpendicular dipole halves, which radiate in the first polarization plane P1 or P2 ( 1 ). Such a radiator structure forming a dipole half in electrical terms is, in the case of the vector dipole, structurally made up of two half-dipole components oriented perpendicular to one another 2d formed, wherein the interconnection of the ends of the leading to the respective dipole halves symmetrical or substantially or approximately symmetrical lines such that always the corresponding line halves of the adjacent, mutually perpendicular dipole halves are electrically connected. The electrical supply of each diametrically opposite dipole halves is decoupled for a first polarization and a second polarization orthogonal thereto. The vector dipole radiators thus constructively form a dipole square, but radiate electrically in a + 45 ° polarization P1 or -45 ° polarization P2.

The at the spotlight 2 shown dipoles or semi-dipole components ultimately form the dipole structure 102 , the radiator elements 102 or the radiator element top 102 that essentially shape and influence the radiation pattern of this type of radiator.

The second type of dipole radiator is a second radiator in the form of a dual polarized, cup-shaped dipole radiator 3 used. This dipole radiator is likewise well known from the prior art and is described in particular in WO 03/065505 A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety and made part of the content of this application. The cup-shaped dipole radiator 3 includes in the embodiment shown four full surface elements 3a which is remote from the reflector bottom 1a lying boundary edges 3f (S. 2 ) of the surface elements, the dipole beam elements or the essential for the radiation pattern radiator structure or radiator elements 103 or radiator element top 103 form. The surface elements 3a become electrically at four Anspeisstellen 3b fed, the feed to the Anspeisstellen at least approximately in-phase and approximately symmetrical. This will allow the dipole radiator 3 - analogous to the dipole radiators 2 - radiates in the + 45 ° polarization P1 and the -45 ° polarization P2. As can be seen from WO 03/065505 A1, but the feed takes place at the feed points 3b in each case so that in each case the outer conductor with the one end of a corresponding radiating element 3a and the inner conductor with the adjoining end of a neighboring 90 ° twisted radiating element 3a is electrically connected. Between two such described radiator elements then runs from the above-mentioned prior publication as known to be taken gap or slot 3g which extends to a lower base portion adjacent to the reflector plane E.

The individual surface elements 3a the spotlight 3 are designed trapezoidal and extend substantially obliquely from the reflector base 1a , The obliquely running out of the reflector bottom edges of the surface elements 3a also have bends 3c on, wherein between adjacent folds a gap is formed. This shape and arrangement of the surface elements is the cup-shaped shape of the dipole radiator 3 reached. It should be noted that other types of cup-shaped dipole radiators can be used in the antenna according to the invention. In particular, the surface elements must 3a not be formed over the entire surface, but may have a frame structure formed of a plurality of rods. In particular, all dipole radiator molds described in the aforementioned application WO 03/065505 A1 are conceivable for use in the present invention.

The second spotlight 3 radiates in a lower frequency band whose center frequency is substantially half the center frequency of the first radiator 2 is, so for example in the 900 MHz band can radiate, ie in the range of 800 MHz to eg 1000 MHz.

In the case of 1 and 2 shown embodiment are in addition to the three radiators shown for the higher frequency band 2 with the associated radiator structure 102 a spotlight 3 with the associated radiator structure 103 shown for the lower frequency band. The middle spotlight 2 for the higher frequency band is in plan view centrally within the cup-shaped second radiator 3 arranged, this radiator 2 on a pedestal 4 is arranged so that the plane of the lines 2c and especially the semi-dipole components 2d and thus the radiator elements or radiator structure 102 in the embodiment shown above the upper edge of the spherical radiator 3 What is more detail below 2 is explained. The pedestal 4 is preferably made of electrically conductive material or at least provided with a conductive top layer. The pedestal thus has an upper side, which is aligned parallel to the reflector plane or at least substantially parallel to the reflector plane E. The podium top 4f thus forms a plateau 4f , which partly also as an auxiliary reflector 4f referred to as. The size of the auxiliary reflector 4f is larger than the socket cross section. As can be seen from the drawings, in the illustrated embodiment, the podium top side is formed substantially rectangular or square, which may be provided in the corner regions recesses (as well as from the top view 1 results). The length of the podium top or plateau 4f has a longitudinal dimension in the X or vertical direction of the reflector 1 which corresponds to at least λ / 4 and at most λ, wherein the smallest value of λ corresponds to the wavelength at the lower band limit (lower frequency) of the upper frequency band. The largest value of λ corresponds to that value at the upper band limit (highest frequency) with respect to the upper transmitted frequency band. Accordingly, the dimensioning in transverse extent transverse to the X or vertical direction of the reflector and is selected. A preferred value for the lower longitudinal or transverse extent for the diameter of the plateau surface is, for example, λ / 4 at a frequency of 2.5 GHz.

As is apparent from the drawings, are on the boundary sides or edges 4g the podium top 4f or the plateau 4f so-called rag 4a which will be discussed in more detail later. But it can already be emphasized at this point that the podium top 4f may have different shapes, for example, square, rectangular, generally n-polygonal or curved, ie, round, etc., may be, the Pedestal each dimensioned larger than the base cross-section of the corresponding radiator.

2 shows a sectional view taken along the line II of 1 , Out 2 is again detailed the structure of the cup-shaped radiator 3 and the pedestal arranged therein 4 seen. It can be seen in particular that the individual surface elements 3a from a lower, obliquely upward section 3d consist, at its upper end a perpendicular to the reflector plane E extending section 3e connects to the upper boundary edges 3f which ends the dipole beam elements of the radiator 3 form. It also becomes apparent that the pedestal 4 down to tapered side walls 4b has and is hollow inside. In the middle of the pedestal is the vector dipole radiator 2 arranged and from the pedestal also extend the obliquely upwardly extending tabs 4a ,

By using the pedestal, it is achieved that the semi-dipole components of a vector dipole radiator arranged on the pedestal 2 lie in a first radiating plane S1, which lies in the vicinity of the radiating plane S2 passing through the boundary edges 3f the cup-shaped radiator 3 is formed. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the plane S1 is higher than the plane S2. However, it is also conceivable that the. Level S1 is substantially the same height as the plane S2 and is also located slightly below the level S2. In particular, the distance of the plane S1 lies in a range of between 75% and 150 of the distance of the plane S2 from the reflector plane E. However, this lower limit can also be 80%, 90%, 100% or even 110%. The corresponding upper limit may also be 140%, 130% or 120%. In 2 Furthermore, a third radiation plane S3 is shown, in which the dipoles of the left and right vector dipole radiators 2 lie. The plane S3 is much lower than the levels S1 and S2, since the left and right radiators 2 not on a pedestal. However, it is also conceivable that the left and right spotlights 2 also on a corresponding pedestal 4 are arranged, as will be described in more detail below.

By using a pedestal with a dipole radiator 2 which radiates in an upper frequency band, is spaced from the reflector plane E, the radiation behavior, in particular the half-value width of the radiation in the upper frequency band, can be influenced in an advantageous manner. By appropriate shaping of the pedestal 4 This can also act as a second reflector for the spotlight located on the pedestal, whereby the radiation behavior can be further positively influenced.

The one on the pedestal 4 in plan view in the center of the radiator 3 for the low frequency band arranged radiator 2 for the higher frequency band is with respect to its radiator elements, radiator element top or generally its radiator structure 102 arranged at such a height relative to the reflector plane E at least in the region of this radiator, which is greater than 0.4 λ, where λ is the mean wavelength for the center frequency of the radiator provided for the higher frequency band range 2 is. However, this lower limit may also be 0.6 λ, 0.8 λ, 1.0 λ or for example 1.2 λ or more. On the other hand, the distance from the reflector plane E should not be greater than 2 λ, but this upper limit can also be at 1.8 λ, 1.6 λ or 1.4 λ. λ is again related to the center frequency of the upper frequency band.

3 again shows a side detail view of in 2 shown podium 4 with arranged vector dipole radiator 2 , Out 3 will be particularly apparent that the pedestal 4 a closed structure with four side walls 4b which is different from the level of the upper platform level 4f starting from the already mentioned four lobes 4a extend obliquely upwardly and outwardly extending in the embodiment shown. On the upper platform or plateau level is then the spotlight 2 mounted with its socket.

It is off 3 especially in synopsis with the 1 and 2 It can be seen that the pedestal in plan view has an approximately square structure whose lateral boundaries parallel to the Halbdipol components of the vector dipole 2 lie. The side walls (lobes) rising from these side distances of the pedestal 4b do not run perpendicular to the plane of the pedestal and thus not perpendicular to the reflector plane E in the illustrated embodiment, but are set at an angle to the outside running. This angle is preferably more than 10 ° and preferably less than 40 °. In particular, this angle α is about 20 ° ( 2 ) with respect to the vertical. Incidentally, the side walls 4a not closed circumferentially, but open in the corners, as shown in particular from the top view 1 results.

However, this angle α can also assume any other values, so that the lobes or the flap-shaped extensions 4a even in the plane of the platform top or the plateau formed thereby 4f lie and can be interpreted as a kind of auxiliary reflector extension. In addition, these rags can 4a based on the podium top 4f even angled down, for example, almost to a vertical angle. In other words, the angle between the lobes 4a and a plane parallel to the reflector plane E between + 85 ° or + 80 ° and 0 °, in which the flaps are aligned parallel to the reflector plane.

The length of the lobes starting from the pedestal 4 to its free end is preferably λ / 10 to λ, wherein the smallest value of λ corresponds to the wavelength at the upper band limit (highest frequency) of the upper transmitted frequency band and the maximum value of λ to the wavelength at the lower band limit (lowest frequency) corresponds to the upper frequency band to be transmitted. The same dimensioning also applies to the transverse extent of the lobes, these values representing preferred values.

The flaps are preferably symmetrically formed and aligned on each pedestal. However, certain imbalances can sometimes be beneficial in terms of their angular orientation as compared to another lobe on a pedestal or its sizing. Finally, however, the lobes omitted altogether or to a circumferential boundary or side wall 4b be closed.

4 shows a plan view of a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention. In the embodiment of the 4 become the same emitters 2 and 3 as in 1 used and the radiators are in plan view just as well as in the embodiment of 1 arranged. In contrast to the embodiment of 1 However, the left and right first spotlights are arranged on a pedestal, this pedestal a closed, substantially rectangular pedestal 4c with a corresponding the podium surface framing and circumferential boundary 4d having. The pedestal on which the middle spotlight 2 is arranged, further corresponds to the pedestal, which is also in the embodiment of 1 is used.

5 shows a sectional view taken along the line II-II of 4 , It can be seen in particular that the left and right pedestals are identical and have a different shape than the middle pedestal. The left and right pedestals essentially form a tower with obliquely upwardly extending side walls, at the top of the tower, the platform platform with the circumferential closed sidewall boundary 4c is trained. In addition, the left and right shots have elevated pedestals 4d on each of which a first emitter 2 is positioned. The left and right pedestals have - analogous to the middle pedestal - in the lower part of a cavity, which by tapered side walls 4b is limited. In contrast to the embodiment of 1 there is in the embodiment of 5 only two radiation levels S1 and S2, with all three first radiators 2 are arranged in the first radiation plane S1. The arrangement can be of 5 deviating also be chosen so that the pedestal height of the outer radiator elements or radiator structures 102 For example, are slightly lower or higher than the radiator elements or radiator structure 102 the spotlight 2 , which is centered in the spotlight 3 is arranged, so that the radiating plane S3 for the non-disposed within the radiator for the low frequency band radiators 2 differs from the radiator plane S1.

6 shows the same side view as 5 , where the side view of 6 however not cut. It can be seen here in particular that the left and right platforms have inclined, closed side walls, so that they form a laterally open, ie in the circumferential direction, open towards the top tower, on its plateau or platform surface 4d the corresponding radiator is arranged.

7 shows a plan view of a third embodiment of the antenna according to the invention. The antenna of the 7 differs from the antenna of the 1 in that a different type of second radiator is used. Otherwise, the embodiment corresponds to 7 the embodiment of the 1 so that a detailed description is omitted.

In 7 is used instead of a cup-shaped radiator 3 a dipole square 3 ' used, the four, from two Di half halves 3a ' existing rod-shaped dipoles comprises. The individual dipoles run at a 45 ° angle to the side walls 1b of the reflector 1 , In this way, the dipole square radiates - analogous to the cup-shaped radiator of 1 In the + 45 ° polarization P1 and the -45 ° polarization P2. The construction of radiators in the form of dipole squares has long been known from the prior art. As an example, the publication DE 198 23 749 A1 which is made part of this application by this reference with its entire disclosure content.

8th shows a section along the line III-III cut side view of 7 , One recognizes that - analogously as in 2 - Three different radiation levels S1, S2 and S3 are present. In the lowest radiating plane S3, the left and right first radiators 2 arranged. In the radiation plane S2, which is higher than the radiation plane S3, are the dipoles of the dipole radiator 3 , In the uppermost radiation plane S1 are the dipoles of the radiator 2 on the podium 4 is arranged. One recognizes in 8th in that the distance between the radiation planes S1 and S2 is significantly greater than in the embodiment according to FIG 2 , It should be noted here that in the Ausfüh form of the 8th It is also possible that the left and right first emitters are also positioned on a pedestal, so that they are also in the radiation plane S1. Here, the same pedestal can be used in 5 is used for the left and right first emitters, however, the height of the pedestal to the height of the plane S1 in 8th to adapt.

9 shows a non-cut side view analogous to 8th , One recognizes in this figure that the middle pedestal 4 identical to the one in 3 shown podium is. But here too, the podiums for the outside spotlights 102 be slightly formed in height so that the radiator height S3 at the radiator height S1 with respect to the reflector plane E at least slightly different from each other.

Notwithstanding the embodiments shown, the emitters can also 2 for the higher frequency band not as vector dipoles, but for example as dipole squares (similar to the radiator type in the embodiment of 7 to 9 ) or in the form of dipole crosses. Therefore, there are no limitations on the use of certain dipole radiators or dipole radiators.

The explained radiation planes S1, S2 and S3 are basically aligned parallel to the reflector plane E. In individual cases, but could the radiator elements or radiators structures 102 . 103 may also deviate and tilt at an angle of less than + 5 ° with respect to this plane. Therefore, if appropriate, the radiator planes S1, S2 and S3 could also deviate at an angle of less than + 5 ° relative to the reflector plane, at least in a partial length of the reflector.

It is always referred to that the explained distances between the radiation planes and thus the distances between the radiator elements and the radiator structure 102 . 103 at least in the area of the relevant radiator 2 . 3 . 3 ' have the explained distances. In principle, it is also possible to use an antenna arrangement which consists of a plurality of reflector sections which, for example, have reflector sections folded over one another in an angular range in the circumferential direction in order to radiate the radiating elements seated thereon at different azimuth angles.

Claims (27)

Antenna, in particular mobile radio antenna, for operation in at least two frequency bands, having the following features: - there are a plurality of dipole radiators ( 2 ; 3 . 3 ' ) provided in front of a reflector ( 1 ), - the plurality of dipole radiators ( 2 ; 3 . 3 ' ) radiating elements or radiator structures ( 102 . 103 ), from the several dipole radiators ( 2 ; 3 . 3 ' ) is at least one dipole radiator ( 3 . 3 ' ) which radiates in a lower frequency band and it is at least one radiator ( 2 ), which radiates in a contrast higher frequency band, characterized by the following further features: - the distance of the radiator structure, the radiator elements or the radiator element top ( 102 ) at least one dipole radiator ( 2 ) for the higher frequency band has a distance to the reflector plane (E) which is at least 75% and at most 150% of the distance between a radiator structure, a radiator element or a radiator element upper side (E). 103 ) at least one dipole radiator ( 3 . 3 ' ) corresponds to the lower frequency band and the reflector plane (E), and / or - the distance between the radiator structure, the radiator elements or the radiator element top ( 102 ) at least one dipole radiator ( 2 ) for the higher frequency band has a distance to the reflector plane (E), which is greater than 0.4 λ and preferably less than 2 λ relative to the center frequency of the radiator for the higher frequency. Antenna according to Claim 1, characterized by the following features: - the radiator elements or the radiator structure ( 102 ) at least one radiator ( 2 ) for the higher frequency range lies in a radiation plane (S1), and - the radiator elements or the radiator structure ( 103 ) at least one dipole radiator ( 3 . 3 ' ) for a lower frequency range are in a second radiation plane (S2), - wherein the first radiation plane (S1) has a greater distance from the reflector plane (E) than the second radiation plane (S2). Antenna according to Claim 1, characterized by the following features: - the radiator elements or the radiator structure ( 102 ) at least one radiator ( 2 ) for the higher frequency range lies in a radiation plane (S1), and - the radiator elements or the radiator structure ( 103 ) at least one dipole radiator ( 3 . 3 ' ) for a lower frequency range are in a second radiation plane (S2), - wherein the first radiation plane (S1) and the second radiation plane (S2) have substantially the same distance from the reflector plane (E). Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more first radiators ( 2 ), which in the first Radiating plane (S1), each on a pedestal ( 4 ) with a larger area than the base cross-section of the associated dipole radiator ( 2 ) arranged with the reflector ( 1 ) is connected and preferably at least partially electrically conductive. Antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the pedestal ( 4 ) on its upper side an electrically conductive and preferably metallic podium upper side ( 4d ), on which a first radiator ( 2 ) is positioned. Antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that at least a part of the podium upper side ( 4d ) each have a plurality of vertically and / or obliquely to the reflector plane extending lobe ( 4a ), which are arranged in plan view offset in the circumferential direction to each other. Antenna according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the lobes ( 4a ) are aligned at any angle between -90 ° and + 90 °, in particular of less than + 80 °, with respect to a plane parallel to the reflector plane (E). Antenna according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that in the circumferential direction of the pedestal ( 4 ) or on the platform plateau ( 4d ) provided lobes ( 4a ) are spaced from each other or connected to a circumferential boundary wall. Antenna according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that in plan view of the reflector ( 1 ) on the podium ( 4 ) arranged first radiator ( 2 ) within the border of the pedestal ( 4 ) lies. Antenna according to one of Claims 4 to 9, characterized in that one or more first radiators ( 2 ), which are arranged in the first radiation plane (S1), with the associated pedestal ( 4 ) are integrally formed. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in plan view of the reflector ( 1 ) one or more first radiators ( 2 ) in each case substantially in plan view in the middle in the second radiator ( 3 ) are arranged. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in plan view of the reflector ( 1 ) one or more first radiators ( 2 ) each substantially centered between adjacent second radiators ( 3 ) are arranged. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more further radiation planes (S3) exist in which the radiation edges (S3) 3f ) and / or the rod-shaped elements ( 2d . 3a ' ) are arranged by first and / or second radiators. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more second radiators consist of dual-polarized dipole squares (4) formed from four dipoles. 3 ' ) are. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more second transducers have dual-polarized, spherical radiators ( 3 ), which at the remote from the reflector end radiation edges ( 3f ) or rod-shaped elements. Antenna according to Claim 15, characterized in that the cup-shaped radiators ( 3 ) a plurality of full surface area elements ( 3a ) which run obliquely and / or perpendicular to the reflector plane (E) and whose boundary edge remote from the reflector plane (E) has a radiation edge ( 3f ). Antenna according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that in plan view of the reflector ( 1 ) in one or more of the dipole squares ( 3 ' ) and / or the cup-shaped radiator ( 3 ) in each case a first radiator ( 2 ) is arranged. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more first radiators ( 2 ) are dual polarized cross dipoles and / or vector dipoles. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflector ( 1 ) Side walls ( 1b ), which in the longitudinal direction of the reflector ( 1 ) and extend obliquely and / or vertically from the reflector plane (E), wherein between the side walls ( 1b ) the plurality of radiators ( 2 . 3 . 3 ' ) is arranged. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the frequency of the lower frequency band within from 800 MHz to 1,000 MHz and the frequency of the upper frequency band within 1,700 MHz to 2,500 MHz. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of first and second radiators ( 2 . 3 . 3 ' ) in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the reflector ( 1 ) are arranged side by side, wherein above each second radiator ( 3 ) substantially centrally a first radiator ( 2 ) and between each pair of adjacent second radiators ( 3 ) substantially centrally a first radiator ( 2 ) is arranged. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the first radiators ( 2 ) in the first radiating plane (S1) and all second radiators ( 3 . 3 ' ) are arranged in the second radiation plane (S2). Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frequency bands of the antenna in the GSM, CDMA and / or UMTS mobile radio frequency range are. Antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the first radiation plane (S1) and the second Radiation plane (S2) substantially parallel to the reflector plane (E) or at most at an angle of + 5 ° with respect to the Reflector plane (E) is inclined. Antenna according to one of claims 4 to 24, characterized in that the platform surface or the platform plateau ( 4d ) in plan view rectangular, square, n-polygonal or curvy, in particular circular shape is designed. Antenna according to one of claims 4 to 25, characterized in that the platform surface or the platform plateau ( 4d ) has a longitudinal dimension in plan view parallel to the X or vertical direction of the reflector and / or a transverse extent thereto which is at least λ / 4 and at most λ, the minimum value of λ being the wavelength at the lower band limit (lower frequency) of the upper transmitted frequency band and the maximum value of λ is at the upper band limit (maximum frequency) of the upper transmitted frequency band. Antenna according to one of Claims 4 to 26, characterized in that the lobes ( 4a ) a longitudinal and / or transverse extension between their side, on which they at the pedestal ( 4 ) to their remote free end, which is between λ / 10 and λ, the smallest value of λ corresponding to the wavelength at the upper band limit (highest frequency) of the upper transmitted frequency band and the maximum value of λ corresponds to the wavelength at the lower band limit (lowest frequency) of the upper frequency band to be transmitted.