DE102004055673B4 - Process and composition for cleaning plastic surfaces containing halogenated polymers - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the cleaning of surfaces of halogen-containing plastics, in which a surface of a shaped body containing at least one halogen-containing plastic is treated with a composition containing at least one liquid carrier medium and at least one hydrocarbon liquid at 23 ° C, at least one curable monomer, in addition to the carrier medium or at least one polymer or at least one wax or a mixture of two or more thereof, and the excess composition is subsequently removed from the surface, at least one carrier medium being an ester which is liquid at 23 ° C and the proportion of polymer or wax or both less than 50 wt .-% is.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for cleaning surfaces of halogen-containing plastics, in which a surface of a coating or of a shaped body containing at least one halogen-containing plastic is treated with a composition comprising at least one liquid carrier medium and additionally at least one liquid at 23 ° C Hydrocarbon, at least one curable monomer, a polymer or at least one wax or both, a composition with which the inventive method can be carried out and the use of such a composition.

Due to their simple production, their chemical properties as well as their essentially arbitrary formability, coatings and moldings made of plastics are impossible to imagine in many areas of life. In particular, the chemical properties of plastics are valued in terms of their resistance to environmental influences in many areas. Especially in applications that require a high resistance of surfaces or objects to environmental conditions, for example in the food industry or in outdoor applications, plastics are generally the most suitable material due to the above-mentioned properties.

Among the plastics themselves, there are a variety of different design options with regard to the production of surface coatings and moldings. However, halogenated plastics have proven to be particularly inert to environmental influences in the past. Thus, surface coatings and moldings made of halogenated plastics or at least containing such halogenated plastics generally exhibit excellent properties in the production of surface coatings and moldings, and moreover, in terms of the durability and mechanical strength of the plastics excellent weathering behavior.

However, it is known that the color of the surfaces of objects containing halogen-containing plastics, or consisting solely of such plastics, in some cases by environmental factors such as heat, cold, artificial lighting, sunlight, rain, snow, humidity, solvents, detergents and the like Changes may be subject. Especially with objects that are exposed to strong weather conditions, such as window frames or garden furniture, such a color change can cause the corresponding objects must be replaced for aesthetic reasons.

Especially with firmly anchored objects, such as window frames or door frames, this can lead to high costs. From the prior art, therefore, various attempts are known to return such surfaces to an aesthetically appropriate condition.

For example, it has been suggested on various occasions that a white surface can be restored by covering the corresponding, discolored surface with a white topcoat. However, such a solution is not optimal in view of the associated costs and the changed surface structure of the plastic surface. In addition, such topcoats often show after a relatively short time already detachment from the substrate, which give the surface an irregular appearance.

The WO 03/025050 A1 describes a method of treating objects containing PVC. For the removal of discoloration, it is proposed to treat the surface with a composition containing an organic solvent and a peroxide. In order to avoid subsequent discoloration in a sufficient manner, however, a UV absorber must be applied in a subsequent step. Apart from the fact that only the number of cleaning steps makes the process very complex, the processing of the surface must be very uniform, otherwise an irregular color distribution results.

There was therefore a need for a process for the treatment of surfaces of objects or moldings which contain at least a proportion of at least one halogen-containing polymer. In particular, there was a need for a method for the treatment of such surfaces, which can be carried out simply and with as few work steps as possible. Furthermore, there has been a need for a method of treating such surfaces which results in the most uniform possible removal of discoloration. In addition, there was a need for a composition with which the present method can be carried out.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and a composition available, with the at least one of the above needs is solved. In particular, the present invention has the object to provide a method for cleaning surfaces of objects or moldings containing at least one halogen-containing polymer available that allows the most uniform removal of discoloration and thereby manages with as few steps.

The objects underlying the invention are achieved by methods and compositions as described in the context of the present text.

The present invention is a process for the purification of surfaces of halogen-containing polymers, wherein a surface of a shaped body containing at least one halogen-containing polymer is treated with a composition containing at least one liquid carrier medium and additionally at least one at 23 ° C liquid hydrocarbon curable, for example, a UV-curable monomer, at least one polymer or at least one wax or both, wherein the proportion of polymer or wax or both is less than 50 wt .-%.

In the context of the present invention, a "surface of a shaped body which contains at least one halogen-containing polymer" is understood to mean a surface which comprises a shaped body which contains at least one halogen-containing polymer, this surface being in contact with the environment and thus also at least a halogen-containing polymer is in contact with the environment.

Examples of halogen-containing polymers are polymers of vinyl chloride, vinyl resins containing vinyl chloride units in the polymer backbone, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl esters of aliphatic acids, especially vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl chloride with esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid or acrylonitrile or mixtures of two or more thereof, copolymers of the vinyl chloride with diene compounds or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides, for example copolymers of vinyl chloride with diethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate or maleic anhydride, postchlorinated polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride with unsaturated aldehydes, ketones and other compounds such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl methyl ether , Vinylisobutylether and the like, polymers and copolymers of vinylidene chloride with vinyl chloride and other polymerizable compounds, as already mentioned above, polymer e of vinyl chloroacetate and dichloro divinyl ether, chlorinated polymers of vinyl acetate, chlorinated polymeric esters of acrylic acid and a-substituted acrylic acids, chlorinated polystyrenes, for example polydichlorostyrene, chlorinated polymers of ethylene, polymers and chlorinated polymers of chlorobutadiene and their copolymers with vinyl chloride and mixtures of two or more of said polymers or polymer blends containing one or more of the above polymers.

In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the inventive method for the treatment of moldings made of PVC-U is used as window profiles, technical profiles, pipes and plates.

Also suitable for the treatment with the method according to the invention are the graft polymers of PVC with EVA, ABS or MBS. Preferred substrates for such graft copolymers are also the abovementioned homopolymers and copolymers, in particular mixtures of vinyl chloride homopolymers with other thermoplastic or elastomeric polymers, in particular blends with ABS, MBS, NBR, SAN, EVA, CPE, MBAS, PAA (polyalkyl acrylate), PAMA (polyalkyl methacrylate), EPDM, polyamides or polylactones.

Likewise suitable for the treatment with the process according to the invention are mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated polymers, for example mixtures of the abovementioned non-halogenated polymers with PVC, in particular mixtures of polyurethanes and PVC.

Furthermore, recyclates of chlorine-containing polymers can also be treated with the process according to the invention, with basically all recyclates of the abovementioned halogenated polymers being suitable for this purpose. Suitable in the context of the present invention, for example, PVC recyclate.

The process according to the invention is preferably used for the treatment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a halogen-containing thermoplastic resin. The term polyvinyl chloride as used herein includes conventional homo- and copolymers of vinyl chloride and mixtures thereof Polyvinyl chloride compounds with other polymer compositions. Such polymers may have been prepared by any means, for example by suspension, emulsion or bulk polymerization. For example, your K-value may be between 50 and 100.

A process according to the invention is carried out using a composition comprising at least one liquid carrier medium and additionally at least one hydrocarbon at 23 ° C, at least one curable, for example a UV-curable monomer, at least one polymer or at least one wax or both, wherein the Proportion of polymer or wax or both is less than 50 wt .-%.

In the context of the present invention, a liquid carrier medium is understood as meaning any medium which puts the composition in an at least pasty or flowable state. A liquid carrier medium according to the present invention may, for example, completely or partially dissolve one or more further ingredients of the compositions used in the process according to the invention. However, it is also possible for a liquid carrier medium in the context of the present invention to be used exclusively for adjusting the viscosity or for regulating the state of aggregation of the compositions used.

It is provided in the context of the present invention that a suitable composition contains only a liquid carrier medium. However, it is also possible that a suitable composition contains a mixture of two or more liquid carrier media. When a composition according to the invention contains a mixture of two or more liquid inert media, such a mixture may be a molecular disperse mixture, i. h., the liquid carrier media form a true mixture at the molecular level. However, it is also possible according to the invention that a composition is used which contains a mixture of two or more liquid carrier media, wherein the carrier media form a multiphase mixture. Such a multiphase mixture may be in the form of, for example, a suspension, an emulsion, a microemulsion or a nanoemulsion.

If the use according to the invention is to be carried out from an aqueous solvent, the use of water together with a water-miscible alcohol as solvent is preferred. An advantage of such aqueous-alcoholic solutions or dispersions, the easy and harmless to the user handling when applied to the surface, for example, by a simple spraying of the dispersion on the surface to be treated from.

In principle, suitable carrier media are all liquids which are liquid at least within a temperature range of about 10 ° C. to about 30 ° C. Usually prevail in a method according to the invention, depending on the object to be treated, the area in which the object is located or the treatment method, temperatures of about -40 to about 120 ° C. Thus, it may be advantageous, for example, if the carrier medium used is a liquid or a mixture of two or more liquids, which can be used, for example, up to a lower temperature limit of about -10 or about -20 or about -30 or about -40 ° C For example, if the treatment takes place outdoors in winter or if treatment is generally carried out in an area that is often low in temperature. On the other hand, it may be advantageous if the carrier used is a liquid or a mixture of two or more liquids, for example up to an upper temperature limit of about 50 or about 60 ° C. or more, for example up to an upper temperature limit of about 70. 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 or 130 ° C or above, for example up to about 200 ° C can be used.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, in a method according to the invention, a composition is used in which the liquid carrier medium dissolves at least part of the at least one polymer or the at least one wax or at least a part of both. In this case, the liquid carrier medium can be selected in such a way that, with respect to its type or in terms of its concentration, it dissolves only a part of the further ingredients, in particular only a part or a part of both.

For example, a liquid carrier medium may be selected such that it contains, for example, at least about 20% or at least about 50% or at least about 80% by weight of the at least one polymer or the at least one wax or a mixture of both solves.

However, it is also possible within the scope of the present invention to select a carrier medium such that it contains at least one polymer present in the composition or at least one wax, or both, to a large extent, ie, at least about 95% by weight, or even completely soluble.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a composition is used in carrying out the method according to the invention, in which at least a portion of the liquid carrier medium has a solubility parameter δ Hildebrand of at least 6 H.

Definition and determination of the Hildebrand parameter are described, for example, by John Burke in "The Book and Paper Group ANNUAL, Volume Three 1984, The American Institute for Conservation, Solubility Parameters: Theory and Application".

Suitable liquid carrier medium are, for example, water, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, monoesters, diesters, triesters, ethers, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, with linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic Hydrocarbons substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, brominated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorinated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), amines, amides, pyridines, pyrimidines, pyrroles, mercaptans, polyalkylene glycols, di- n-butyl ether or tert-butyl methyl ether or mixtures of two or more of said compounds.

Suitable solvents are, for example, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, freon ^® TF, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-Tetroctylachlorethylen, n-dodecane, hydrocarbon mixtures such as petroleum ether or white spirit, turpentine, cyclohexane, amyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, pentyl propionate, hexyl propionate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, chloroform, 1,1,2-trichloroethane , trichlorethylene, cellosolve ^® acetate, chlorobenzene, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, diethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, ethylene dichloride, methylene dichloride, butyl cellosolve ^®, pyridine, cellosolve ^®, morpholine, dioxane, dimethylformamide, n-propyl alcohol, Isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, n-butyl alcohol, methanol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol or glycerol or fluorine-containing organic solvents el, such as 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (2H, 3H-perfluoropentane), 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro-1-octene (marketed by Clariant under perfluoroalkylethylene Fluowet ET 600), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-1-octene, 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro-1-decene (of Clariant distributed under perfluoroalkylethylene Fluowet ET 800) = 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluoro-1-decene, ( Trifluoromethyl) undecafluorocyclohexane, hexadecafluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, tetradecafluorohexane, hexadecafluoroheptane, octadecafluorooctane, Fluka: Fluorinert ^™ Fluid FC-77 (mixture of perfluorocarbons), Fluka: Fluorinert ^™ fluid PF5050 (mixture of perfluoropentane isomers), 1,3-bis- (Trifluoromethyl) xylene, cis / trans octadecafluorodecahydronaphthalene, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2-propanol, 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-octanol (ex Clariant sold under Fluowet EA 600) = 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-1-octanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3 Hexafluoro-2-propanol and 1,1,2-trichloro-trifluoroethane or mixtures of two or more more of that.

For example, the esters of carbonic acid or aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched or cycloaliphatic or aromatic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acids having from 1 to about 18 C are particularly suitable here, for example, in many cases. Atoms with aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched or cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohols having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Particularly suitable are, for example, those esters which contain an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated acid having 1 to 6 C atoms, for example 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, and as the alcohol component an aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or linear acid component branched alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example having 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms. Suitable examples are the esters of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid or caproic acid with methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, the isomeric pentanols or isomers Hexanols such as ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, pentyl formate, hexyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate; Pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, pentyl propionate, hexyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, pentyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate and the like. In many cases, ethyl acetate is particularly suitable.

It is provided within the scope of a further embodiment of the present invention that a composition is used in which at least a portion of the liquid carrier medium has a Hildebrand solubility parameter δ of at least 8 H or at least about 10 H or at least about 12 H or at least about 13H. The stated values refer to the standard Hildeband values of Hansen in "Journal of Paint Technology", Vol. 505, Feb. 1967.

It is also within the scope of the present invention to use, for example, liquid carrier media having a Hildebrand value δ of about 14 to about 48 H (SI), the parameter H being determined according to Barton in Handbook of Solubility Parameters, CRC Press, 1983 ,

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid carrier medium contains at least one compound which is capable of at least swelling halogen-containing polymers. For example, the liquid carrier medium can be selected such that it represents at least one θ-solvent for surfaces to be cleaned in the context of the method according to the invention.

The statements made above with regard to the solubility parameters or with respect to the θ value may apply to the liquid carrier medium as a whole. However, it is especially provided in the case of multiphase liquid carrier media that the above statements apply to the solvents in the hydrophobic phase.

In addition to a liquid carrier medium, a composition usable in the context of a process according to the invention contains at least one hydrocarbon at 23 ° C, at least one curable monomer, a polymer or at least one wax or a mixture of two or more thereof, the proportion of polymer or wax or both or, if appropriate, the proportion of curable monomer is less than 50% by weight.

Suitable curable monomers are in principle all monomer compounds known to those skilled in the art which can be applied to the surface to be treated from the support medium and which can build up molecular weight on the surface by polymerization, polycondensation or polyaddition. Particularly suitable compounds are those which have epoxy groups or double bonds as groups reactive with respect to a polyaddition or polymerization. Suitable compounds are mentioned in the context of the following text. Also suitable are so-called macromonomers, d. h., compounds which already have an increased molecular weight, for example a molecular weight of more than about 200 or more than about 500 or more than about 1000 and at least one polyaddition or polymerization or polycondensation reactive group and polymerizable under the conditions of the inventive method are.

The curable monomers can be cured, for example, by a corresponding curing process caused by a starter. A suitable starter can in turn be excited by external influences to decay, for example by light, heat or oxygen. Optionally, however, it is also possible to use monomers which already have such a starter as part of the molecule or do not require a starter but form a polymer solely by external influence (light, for example UV light, heat or oxygen supply).

Suitable polymers or waxes in the context of the process according to the invention are in principle all polymers and waxes which form a residue on the surface in the context of a treatment according to the invention of a corresponding surface. Such a residue can be achieved, for example, by penetrating a polymer or a wax in the course of a treatment according to the invention for a surface into a swollen or dissolved superficial polymer skeleton and, for example, being firmly held on the surface due to mechanical loop formation. It is also possible to use polymers or waxes which form a residue on the surface in the context of a method according to the invention due to ionic forces or Van der Waals forces between the treated surface and the polymer or the wax.

In the context of the present text, "residue" is understood as meaning any proportion of polymers or waxes or both on a surface treated according to the invention which suppresses the tendency of the treated surface to re-form a discoloration in comparison to a surface without residue.

In the context of the process according to the invention are, for example, a composition containing at least one product of a polymerization or a polyaddition or a polycondensation or a mixture of two or more thereof

For example, these are polyurethanes, polyacrylates, vinyl acetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, polyepoxides, polyesters, polysiloxanes, polyalkyl fluorides and the like, which may have a variety of substituents, for example to adjust the solubility in the liquid carrier medium or the compatibility with the treated surface.

• p1) Di- und/oder Polycarbonsäuren oder deren veresterungsfähigen Derivaten, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit Monocarbonsäuren,
• p2) Diolen,
• p3) Polyolen, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit Monoolen, und
• p4) gegebenenfalls weiteren modifizierenden Komponenten.

In principle, all polyesters are suitable for use in the compositions according to the invention. Preferably, the polyesters (A) have a number average molecular weight of 200 to 150,000. Preference is given to using polyesters which are obtainable by reacting

• p1) di- and / or polycarboxylic acids or their esterifiable derivatives, optionally together with monocarboxylic acids,
• p2) diols,
• p3) polyols, optionally together with monools, and
• p4) optionally further modifying components.

Examples of di- and polycarboxylic acids which can be used as component p1) include aromatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic di- and polycarboxylic acids. Aromatic, optionally together with aliphatic, di- and polycarboxylic acids, are preferably used as component p1).

Examples of suitable polycarboxylic acids are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, halophthalic acids, such as tetrachloro- or tetrabromophthalic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3- Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic acid, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic acid, tricyclodecane-dicarboxylic acid, endoethylenehexahydrophthalic acid, camphoric acid, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid and others. The cycloaliphatic polycarboxylic acids can be used both in their cis and in their trans form and as a mixture of both forms. Also suitable are the esterifiable derivatives of the above polycarboxylic acids, such as. B. their mono- or polyhydric esters with aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydroxy alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In addition, the anhydrides of the above acids can be used, if they exist.

Examples of monocarboxylic acids which may optionally be used together with the polycarboxylic acids are benzoic acid, tert-butylbenzoic acid, lauric acid, isononanoic acid and hydrogenated fatty acids of naturally occurring oils, preferably isononanoic acid.

Suitable diols p2) or polyols p3) for the preparation of the polyesters (A) are, for example, ethylene glycol, propanediols, butanediols, hexanediols, neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, trimethylpentanediol and ethylbutylpropanediol. Also suitable are aliphatic polyether diols, such as linear or branched poly (oxyethylene) glycols, poly (oxypropylene) glycols and / or poly (oxybutylene) glycols and mixed polyether diols, such as poly (oxyethyleneoxypropylene) glycols. The polyether diols have, for example, a molecular weight Mn of from 400 to 20,000. In the context of the present invention, a "polyether diol or polyether polyol" is understood as meaning a compound obtainable by addition of one or more alkylene oxides to a suitable starting compound.

Suitable starting compounds in the context of the present invention are compounds which have at least two functional groups suitable for nucleophilic ring opening of an alkylene oxide. Such functional groups are, for example, OH groups, primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, thiol groups, carboxyl groups or imino groups. For example, the starting compound may have two or more identical functional groups, but it is also possible that the starting compound has two or more different functional groups. Another suitable starting compound is, for example, a compound which has two or more identical first functional groups and one or more functional groups which are not identical to this first functional group.

Examples of suitable starting compounds are water, ethylene glycol, 1,2- or 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene glycol, the isomeric pentanediols, hexanediols, heptanediols, octanediols, nonanediols and their higher homologs , Cycloaliphatic diols such as 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 2,4'- and 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, triethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol or sucrose and other sugar alcohols with up to about 12 OH groups, or mixtures of two or more thereof.

Also suitable as starting compounds, for example, alkanolamines such as ethanolamine, N-methyl or N-ethyl-ethanolamine, dialkanolamines such as diethanolamine, N-methyl and N-ethyldiethanolamine or Triethanolamines such as triethanolamine or ammonia, or mixtures of two or more thereof. Also suitable as starting compounds are organic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid and aliphatic and aromatic, optionally N-mono-N, N- or N, N'-dialkyl-substituted diamines having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical. Suitable compounds of the last-mentioned class of compounds are, for example, mono- or dialkyl-substituted ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3- or 1,4-butylenediamine, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-optionally -, 1,5- or 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, phenylenediamines, 2,3- 2,4- and 2,6-tolylenediamine or 4,4'-, 2,4'- or 2,2'-diaminodiphyenylmethane, or mixtures from two or more of them.

The starter molecules mentioned are reacted by known processes with cyclic ethers, in particular cyclic ethers having 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. Cyclic ethers particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide, or mixtures of two or more thereof. Preferably, the polyether polyols are prepared by anionic polymerization of such cyclic ethers with alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or with alkali metal alkoxides z. As sodium methoxide, sodium or Kaliumehtylat or potassium isopropylate as catalysts and with the addition of at least one starter molecule containing, for example, about 2 to 8 reactive hydrogen atoms, can be prepared. Also usable are polyether polyols, as can be prepared by cationic polymerization of cyclic ethers with Lewis acids such as antimony pentachloride, boron trifluoride etherate or bleaching earth as catalysts.

It is also possible to use as polyether polyols such compounds as are obtainable by reacting said starting compounds with more than one type of cyclic ether. For example, the reaction products of a starting compound with 2 or more different cyclic ethers can be used as polyether polyols. Such compounds are referred to herein as "copolyethers".

Copolyethers can be used, for example, as random copolyethers for the purpose according to the invention. As a rule, random copolyethers are obtained by reacting a starting compound with a mixture of two or more cyclic polyethers, in particular the o. G. cyclic polyether, is reacted under appropriate conditions.

Also suitable as copolyether are the so-called block copolyethers. Block copolyethers can be obtained by initially reacting a starter molecule with only one type of cyclic polyether. After completion of this reaction, the first polyether thus obtained is reacted with a second type of cyclic polyether, so that block-wise polyether sections are formed, each having an identical monomer base.

Furthermore, as diols and aromatic or alkylaromatic diols can be used, such as. B. 2-alkyl-2-phenyl-propane-1,3-diol, bisphenol derivatives with ether functionality, etc.

Other diols which are also suitable are esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with diols, it being possible to use as diols the abovementioned diols. Examples of hydroxycarboxylic acids are hydroxypivalic acid or dimethylolpropanoic acid.

Examples of suitable polyols are ditrimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, homopentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, trishydroxyethyl isocyanate, 1,2,4 butanetriol, propane and hexane triols, trihydroxycarboxylic acids such as trishydroxymethyl (ethyl) ethanoic acids. The polyols having at least 3 OH groups can be used alone or as a mixture. Optionally, the triols can be used together with monohydric alcohols, such as butanol, octanol, lauryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, tert-butylcyclohexanol, ethoxylated or propoxylated phenols.

Particularly suitable as component p4) for the preparation of the polyesters (A) are compounds which have a group which is reactive with respect to the functional groups of the polyester. As modifying component p4) Diepoxidverbindungen, possibly also monoepoxide compounds can be used. Suitable components (p4) are described, for example, in DEA 40 24 204 on page 4, lines 4 to 9.

Polyurethanes which can be obtained, for example, by the reaction of polyisocyanates with a polyol or polyol mixture can likewise be used as polymers within the scope of the compositions which can be used according to the invention.

Examples of suitable polyisocyanates are described, for example, in Methods of Organic Chemistry, Houben-Weyl, Volume 14/2, 4th Edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1963, pages 61 to 70, and by W. Siefken, Liebigs Ami Chem. 562 , 75 to 136, described. For example, 1,2-ethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate are suitable , ω, ω-diisocyanatodipropyl ether, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanate, 2,2- and 2,6-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane, 3-isocyanatomethyl- 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanate ("isophorone diisocyanate"), 2,5- and 3,5-bis (isocyanatomethyl) -8-methyl-1,4-methano-decahydronaphthalene, 1,5-, 2,5- , 1,6- and 2,6-bis (isocyanatomethyl) -4,7-methanohexahydroindane, 1,5-, 2,5-, 1,6- and 2,6-bis (isocyanato) -4,7-methanehexahydroindane , Dicyclohexyl-2,4'- and -4,4'-diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-hexa-hydrotoluylene diisocyanate, perhydro-2,4'- and -4,4'-di-phenylmethane diisocyanate, ω, ω-diisocyanato-1,4-diethylbenzene, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylenediisocyanate, 4,4'-diisocyanato-diphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dichlorodiphenyl, 4, 4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethoxy-diphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethyl diphenyl, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-diphenyl-diphenyl, 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanates, such as 2,4- or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, N, N '- (4,4'-dimethyl-3,3'-diisocyanatodiphenyl) uretdione, m-xylylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, but also triisocyanates, such as 2,4, 4'-Triisocyanatodiphenyl ether, 4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanatotriphenylmethane. Preference is given to using, if appropriate in combination with the abovementioned polyisocyanates, isocyanurate groups and / or biuret groups and / or allophanate groups and / or urethane groups and / or polyisocyanates containing urea groups. Urethane-containing polyisocyanates are obtained, for example, by reacting part of the isocyanate groups with polyols, such as trimethylolpropane and glycerol.

Aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates, in particular hexamethylene diisocyanate, dimerized and trimerized hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 2,4'-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and 1,3-bis (2-isocyanatopropyl-2) benzene ( TMXDI) or mixtures of these polyisocyanates, very particularly preferably isocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate and / or isophorone diisocyanate. Very particular preference is given to using mixtures of polyisocyanates based on hexamethylene diisocyanate which have uretdione and / or isocyanurate groups and / or allophanate groups, as are formed by catalytic oligomerization of hexamethylene diisocyanate using suitable catalysts. Incidentally, the polyisocyanate component can also consist of any desired mixtures of the stated polyisocyanates.

For the reaction with the above-mentioned isocyanates, in principle, the above-mentioned polyols are suitable. The term "polyol mixture" in the context of the present invention refers to a mixture of two or more polyols. For the purposes of the present invention, polyols are understood as meaning compounds which have at least two OH groups. The polyols which can be used in the polyol mixture in the context of the present invention may contain, in addition to OH groups, further functional groups, and optionally also further functional groups which are capable of reacting with isocyanate groups.

• a1) einem von (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) und (a6) verschiedenen, mit (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) und (a6) copolymerisierbaren, im wesentlichen säuregruppenfreien (Meth)acrylsäureester oder einem Gemisch aus solchen Monomeren,
• a2) einem mit (a1), (a3), (a4), (a5) und (a6) copolymerisierbaren, von (a5) verschiedenen, ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomer, das mindestens eine Hydroxylgruppe pro Molekül trägt und im wesentlichen säuregruppenfrei ist, oder einem Gemisch aus solchen Monomeren,
• a3) einem mindestens eine Säuregruppe, die in die entsprechende Säureaniongruppe überführbar ist, pro Molekül tragenden, mit (a1), (a2), (a4), (a5) und (a6) copolymerisierbaren, ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomer oder einem Gemisch aus solchen Monomeren,
• a4) gegebenenfalls einem oder mehreren vinylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen,
• a5) mindestens einem Umsetzungsprodukt aus Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure mit dem Glycidylester einer in alpha-Stellung verzweigten Monocarbonsäure mit 5 bis 18 C-Atomen je Molekül oder anstelle des Umsetzungsproduktes einer äquivalenten Menge Acryl- und/oder Methacrylsäure, die dann während oder nach der Polymerisationsreaktion mit dem Glycidylester einer in alpha-Stellung verzweigten Monocarbonsäure mit 5 bis 18 C-Atomen je Molekül umgesetzt wird,
• a6) gegebenenfalls einem mit (a1), (a2), (a3), (a4), und (a5) copolymerisierbaren, von (a1), (a2), (a4) und (a5) verschiedenen, im wesentlichen säuregruppenfreien, ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomer oder einem Gemisch aus solchen Monomeren,

wobei (a1), (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) und (a6) in Art und Menge so ausgewählt werden, dass das Polyacrylatharz (B) die gewünschte OH-Zahl, Säurezahl und das gewünschte Molekulargewicht aufweist.Polyacrylate resins which are obtainable by polymerization in an organic solvent or a solvent mixture and in the presence of at least one polymerization initiator and optionally in the presence of regulators of at least one of the monomers described below or a mixture of two or more are also suitable as constituents of a composition which can be used according to the invention such monomers:

• a1) one of (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) and (a6) different, with (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) and (a6) copolymerizable, substantially acid group-free (Meth) acrylic ester or a mixture of such monomers,
• a2) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which is copolymerizable with (a1), (a3), (a4), (a5) and (a6) and different from (a5) and which carries at least one hydroxyl group per molecule and which is essentially free from acid groups Mixture of such monomers,
• a3) at least one acid group which can be converted into the corresponding acid anion group, per molecule bearing, with (a1), (a2), (a4), (a5) and (a6) copolymerisable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of such monomers .
• a4) optionally one or more vinylaromatic hydrocarbons,
• a5) at least one reaction product of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with the glycidyl ester of an alpha-branched monocarboxylic acid having 5 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule or instead of the reaction product of an equivalent amount of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid, then during or after the polymerization reaction with the glycidyl ester of an alpha-branched monocarboxylic acid having 5 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule,
• a6) optionally a copolymerizable with (a1), (a2), (a3), (a4), and (a5), of (a1), (a2), (a4) and (a5), substantially acid group-free, ethylenic unsaturated monomer or a mixture of such monomers,

wherein (a1), (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) and (a6) are selected in kind and amount such that the polyacrylate resin (B) has the desired OH number, acid number and desired molecular weight ,

For the preparation of the polyacrylate resins used according to the invention, it is possible for component (a1) to be any ester of (meth) acrylic acid copolymerizable with (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) and (a6) and substantially acidic, or a mixture of such ( Meth) acrylic acid esters are used. As examples, alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates having up to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, such as. For example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, ethylhexyl, stearyl and lauryl acrylate and methacrylate and cycloaliphatic. (Meth) acrylic acid esters, such as. As cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentene (meth) acrylate and tert.Butylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate called.

As component (a2), (a1), (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5) and (a6) copolymerizable and (a5) ethylenically unsaturated monomers which carry at least one hydroxyl group per molecule and are essentially free of acid groups or a mixture of such monomers are used. Examples which may be mentioned are hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or another alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. These esters may be derived from an alkylene glycol esterified with the acid, or may be obtained by reacting the acid with an alkylene oxide. As component (a2) are preferably hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, in which the hydroxyalkyl group contains up to 20 carbon atoms, reaction products of cyclic esters, such as. As epsilon-caprolactone and these hydroxyalkyl esters, or mixtures of these hydroxyalkyl esters or epsilon-caprolactone-modified hydroxyalkyl esters used.

As component (a3), any at least one acid group, preferably a carboxyl group, per molecule carrying, with (a1), (a2), (a4), (a5) and (a6) copolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a mixture of such monomers be used. For example, acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid are used as component (a3). However, it is also possible to use other ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids having up to 6 C atoms in the molecule. As examples of such acids are mentioned ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid. Furthermore, for example, ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic or phosphonic acids, or their partial esters, can be used as component (a3). As component (a3) it is also possible to use maleic acid, mono (meth) acryloyloxyethyl ester, monosurfactant (meth) acryloyloxyethyl ester and phthalic mono (methyl) ester.

As component (a4), vinylaromatic hydrocarbons, such as styrene, alpha-alkylstyrenes and vinyltoluene, are used.

Component (a5) used is the reaction product of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with the glycidyl ester of an alpha-branched monocarboxylic acid having 5 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. Glycidyl esters of highly branched monocarboxylic acids are available under the trade name "Cardura".

As the component (a6), all of (a1), (a2), (a3), (a4) and (a5) copolymerizable ones other than (a1), (a2), (a3) and (a4) are substantially acid group-free ethylenically unsaturated monomers or mixtures of such monomers. As component (a6) one or more vinyl esters of alpha-branched monocarboxylic acids having 5 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule can be used. The branched monocarboxylic acids can be obtained by reacting formic acid or carbon monoxide and water with olefins in the presence of a liquid, strongly acidic catalyst; the olefins may be cracking products of paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as mineral oil fractions, and may contain both branched and straight-chain acyclic and / or cycloaliphatic olefins. The reaction of such olefins with formic acid or with carbon monoxide and water produces a mixture of carboxylic acids in which the carboxyl groups are predominantly on a quaternary carbon atom. Other olefinic starting materials are, for. For example, propylene trimer, propylene tetramer and diisobutylene. The vinyl esters can also be prepared in known manner from the acids, for. By allowing the acid to react with acetylene.

As component (a6) it is also possible to use polysiloxane macromonomers in combination with other monomers which are suitably mentioned as component (a6). Polysiloxane macromonomers having a number average molecular weight Mn of from 1,000 to 40,000 daltons, preferably from 2,000 to 10,000 daltons, and on average from 0.5 to 2.5, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5, of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds per molecule are suitable. Suitable examples are those in the DE-A 38 07 571 on pages 5 to 7, in the DE-A 37 06 095 in columns 3 to 7, in the EP-B 358 153 on pages 3 to 6 and in the US-A 4,754,014 polysiloxane macromonomers described in columns 5 to 9. Also suitable are other acryloxysilane-containing vinyl monomers having the abovementioned molecular weights and contents of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, for example compounds which can be prepared by reacting hydroxy-functional silanes with epichlorohydrin and subsequent reaction of the reaction product with methacrylic acid and / or hydroxyalkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid.

Are preferred as component (a6) in the DE-A 44 21 823 used polysiloxane macromonomers used.

Examples of polysiloxane macromonomers suitable as component (a6) are also those disclosed in international patent application publication no WO 92/22615 on page 12, line 18, to page 18, line 10, said compounds.

As examples of suitable regulators are mercaptans, such as. B. mercaptethanol, thiolglycolic acid esters and hydrogen chloride u. Ä. called. The regulators are preferably used in an amount of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers.

Polysiloxanes are also suitable as constituents of the compositions which can be used in the context of the present invention.

sowie Polysiloxane mit Perfluoralkyl- und Perfluorethersubstituenten.Also suitable are, for example, fluoropolymers or fluoropolymers. Suitable fluorine-containing polymers are, for example, polyacrylate or polymethacrylate esters of fluorinated alcohols, polyacrylamides of fluorinated amines, fluorinated polystyrenes, styrene- (N-fluoro) -maleimide copolymers, homo and copolymers of the following compounds

and polysiloxanes having perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroether substituents.

enthalten, worin PB für ein Polymerrückgrat mit durchgehenden kovalenten C-C-Bindungen, beide Reste Z¹ und Z² jeweils unabhängig voneinander für O^–M⁺ oder ON⁺R₄ wobei M für Li, Na oder K und R für H oder einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen oder einen Rest der allgemeinen Formel -(CH₂-CHR'-O-)_mL, worin R' für H, einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen, m für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis etwa 20 und L für H, CH₂-CHR'-NR'₂ oder CH₂-CHR'-N⁺R'₃ steht oder R für einen Aminozucker steht, oder einer der Reste Z¹ und Z² für O^–M⁺ oder ON⁺R₄ und der verbleibende Rest Z¹ und Z² für X-R'' steht, wobei X für O oder NH und R'' für H, einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen oder einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten gesättigten oder ungesättigten mono- oder polycyclischen Cycloalkylrest mit 4 bis 24 C-Atomen oder einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten Aryl- oder Heteroarylrest mit 6 bis 24 C-Atomen oder für R steht oder die Reste Z¹ und Z² zusammen für NR stehen, oder die Reste Z¹ und Z² zusammen für O stehen oder zwei oder mehr gleiche oder unterschiedliche Strukturelemente der allgemeinen Formel I.Suitable fluoropolymers or copolymers may, for example, be a structural element of the general formula I

in which PB represents a polymer backbone with continuous C-C covalent bonds, both Z ¹ and Z ^{2 are} each independently O ^- M ⁺ or ON ⁺ R ₄ where M is Li, Na or K and R is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 18 C atoms or a radical of the general formula - (CH ₂ -CHR'-O-) _m L, where R 'is H, a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 24 C atoms, m an integer from 1 to about 20 and L is H, CH ₂ -CHR'-NR ' ₂ or CH ₂ -CHR'-N ⁺ R' ₃ or R is an amino sugar, or one of Z ¹ and Z ^{2 is} O ^- M ⁺ or ON ⁺ R ₄ and the remainder Z ¹ and Z ^{2 is} X - R '', where X is O or NH and R '' is H, an optionally completely or partially fluorine-substituted linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an optionally wholly or partially fluorine-substituted saturated or unsaturated mono- or poly cyclic cycloalkyl radical having 4 to 24 carbon atoms or an optionally completely or partially fluorine-substituted aryl or heteroaryl radical having 6 to 24 carbon atoms or R or the radicals Z ¹ and Z ² together represent NR, or the radicals Z ¹ and Z ² together represent O or two or more identical or different structural units of the general formula I.

enthalten, worin die Reste R¹ bis R³ für H oder einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, Y für R oder einen linearen oder verzweigten, gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten gesättigten oder ungesättigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen, einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten gesättigten oder ungesättigten Cycloalkylrest oder Arylrest mit 6–24 C-Atomen, einen Rest der allgemeinen Formel C(O)OR, einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten Alkarylrest mit 7 bis 24 C-Atomen oder einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten Alkoxyalkarylrest steht, oder zwei oder mehr gleiche oder unterschiedliche Strukturelemente der allgemeinen Formel II und wobei mindestens ein Strukturelement der allgemeinen Formel I oder II im Copolymeren einen mit Fluor substituierten Rest aufweist und mindestens ein Strukturelement der allgemeinen Formel II einen Fluorsubstituenten aufweist, wenn das Copolymere ein Strukturelement der allgemeinen Formel I aufweist in dem Z¹ für O^–M⁺ und Z² für OR steht, wobei R einen Fluorsubstituenten aufweist. Suitable fluoropolymers or fluoropolymers can also be a structural element of the general formula II

in which the radicals R ¹ to R ^{3 are} H or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, Y is R or a linear or branched, optionally wholly or partially fluorine-substituted saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 1 to 24 C atoms, an optionally completely or partially fluorine-substituted saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl radical or aryl radical having 6-24 C atoms, a radical of the general formula C (O) OR, an optionally completely or partially fluorine-substituted alkaryl radical having 7 to 24 C atoms or an optionally completely or partially substituted with fluorine Alkoxyalkarylrest, or two or more identical or different structural elements of the general formula II and wherein at least one structural element of the general formula I or II in the copolymer having a fluorine-substituted radical and at least one structural element the general formula II has a fluorine substituent, we nn the copolymer has a structural element of the general formula I in which Z ^{1 is} O ^- M ⁺ and Z ^{2 is} OR, where R has a fluorine substituent.

In the context of the present invention, a polymer or copolymer used according to the invention has a molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 1,000,000. In principle, it is also possible to use copolymers of the invention having a molecular weight which is above the upper limit value or below the lower limit value.

The term "molecular weight" in the context of the present invention means the value for the weight-average molecular weight, as it is usually abbreviated by the variable M _w , unless expressly stated otherwise. The values stated in the context of the present text, unless expressly stated otherwise, relate to values determined by GPC measurements. The values given are, as is common practice in the prior art, relative values to closely distributed calibration samples and thus do not necessarily correspond to the actual molecular weight.

auf. Der Begriff ”Polymerrückgrat” umfasst dabei im Rahmen des vorliegenden Textes auch diejenigen Fälle, in denen ein Strukturelement der allgemeinen Formel I am Kettenende sitzt. In Abhängigkeit vom Start und von Abbruch der radikalischen Polymerisation steht in solchen Fällen eine der Variablen PB für die am Kettenende befindliche, durch den Starter oder das Quenchmittel oder eine sonstige Abbruchreaktion hervorgerufene Struktureinheit.A polymer used according to the invention has, for example, a structural element of the general formula I.

on. In the context of the present text, the term "polymer backbone" also encompasses those cases in which a structural element of the general formula I is located at the end of the chain. In such cases, depending on the start and termination of the radical polymerization, one of the variables PB is the structural unit located at the chain end and caused by the initiator or the quenching agent or another termination reaction.

The fluoropolymers or copolymers used according to the invention can in principle be prepared by any desired polymerization process, provided that these polymerization processes lead to the desired polymer structures. In the context of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, however, the fluoropolymers or copolymers used according to the invention are prepared by free-radical polymerization, as explained in more detail below.

worin Z¹ und Z² die oben genannte Bedeutung aufweisen, in das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Copolymere eingebaut. Im Rahmen einer radikalischen Polymerisation wird dabei die olefinisch ungesättigte Doppelbindung der Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel IV geöffnet und in ein Polymerrückgrat (PB) eingebaut.A structural element of general formula I is therefore, for example, by copolymerization of a compound of general formula IV

wherein Z ¹ and Z ^{2 have} the abovementioned meaning, incorporated into the copolymer used according to the invention. As part of a radical polymerization while the olefinically unsaturated double bond of the compound of general formula IV is opened and incorporated into a polymer backbone (PB).

Suitable compounds of general formula IV are in principle maleic acid, the alkali or ammonium salts of maleic acid, maleic anhydride and derivatives thereof. Suitable derivatives are, for example, mono- or diesters of maleic acid with suitable monofunctional alcohols and their salts, mono- or diamides of maleic acid or cyclic monoamides of maleic acid (maleimides) with ammonia or substituted monoamines. In the context of the present invention, preference is given to using compounds of the general formula IV which are suitable for the preparation of the copolymers used according to the invention for the preparation of the copolymers used according to the invention.

The proportion of structural elements of the general formula I in the total copolymer used according to the invention is preferably about 1 to about 50 mol%, in particular about 2 to about 50 or about 3 to about 50 mol%. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of structural elements of the general formula I is selected such that at least about 5 mol%, but preferably more, for example at least about 7 or at least about 10 mol% of structural units of the general formula I in contained copolymers are used according to the invention. The content of structural elements of the general formula I is preferably, for example, about 15 to about 50 mol%, in particular about 20 to about 50 mol% or about 25 to about 50 mol%. In principle, contents of structural elements of the general formula I lying within these ranges are also possible, for example about 30 to about 42 mol% or about 35 to about 39 mol%.

enthalten, worin die Reste R¹ bis R³ für H oder einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen, Y für R oder einen linearen oder verzweigten, gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 24 C-Atomen, einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten Cycloyalkylrest oder Arylrest mit 2–24 C-Atomen, einen Rest der allgemeinen Formel C(O)OR, einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten Alkarylrest oder Alkoxyarylrest mit insgesamt 2 bis 24 C-Atomen oder einen gegebenenfalls ganz oder teilweise mit Fluor substituierten Alkoxyalkarylrest steht.A fluoropolymer or copolymer used according to the invention can be a structural unit according to the general formula II

in which the radicals R ¹ to R ^{3 are} H or a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms, Y is R or a linear or branched, optionally wholly or partially fluorine-substituted linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 24 C atoms, an optionally completely or partially fluorine-substituted cycloyalkyl radical or aryl radical having 2-24 C atoms, a radical of the general formula C (O) OR, an optionally completely or partially fluorine-substituted alkaryl radical or alkoxyaryl radical having a total of 2 to 24 C atoms or an optionally fully or partially fluorine-substituted alkoxyalkaryl.

worin PB, R¹, R², R³ die oben genannte Bedeutung aufweisen und R⁴ für R, insbesondere für die im Rahmen der Beschreibung als fluorsubstituiert bezeichneten Reste R'' steht.In the context of a further embodiment of the present invention, a polymer used according to the invention contains, for example, a structural element of the general formula III

wherein PB, R ¹ , R ² , R ^{3 have} the abovementioned meaning and R ^{4 is} R, in particular for the radicals R "which are designated as fluorine-substituted in the context of the description.

Suitable compounds for the preparation of the polymers used according to the invention are, for example, compounds having silyl or fluoroalkyl groups, such as trimethylsilyl methacrylate, 2- (trimethylsilyloxy) ethyl methacrylate, 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, 2,2, 3,3-tetrafluoropropyl acrylate, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate, 2-fluorostyrene, 3-fluorostyrene, 4-fluorostyrene, 3- (trifluoromethyl) styrene, 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) styrene or vinyl ethers with long fluorinated side chains.

The polymers used according to the invention have, for example, a fluorine content which gives as optimal as possible a resistance to hydrophilic or hydrophobic compounds, for example water or oil, and dirt repellent properties as compared with hydrophilic and hydrophobic soiling.

The fluorine content of the polymers and copolymers used according to the invention is preferably at least about 58 wt .-% or at least about 52 wt .-%, when the fluorine substituents are introduced both via compounds of general formula I and the general formula II or, for example, about 10 to about 40 wt .-% when the fluorinated substituents are introduced by compounds of general formula 1 alone.

Particularly suitable further comonomers for incorporating further structural elements are, for example, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, isopentyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, iso-hexyl methacrylate, n-heptyl methacrylate, iso-heptyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, iso-octyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, caprolactone 2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl ester, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, 2- (dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, 2- (Diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, iso-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, iso-pentyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, iso-hexyl acrylate , n-heptyl acrylate, iso-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate , iso-octyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl acrylate, iso-decyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate, di (ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate, 2- (e.g. Dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate, 2- (dipropylamine) propyl methacrylate, di (ethylene glycol) -2-ethylhexyl ether acrylate, 2- (dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, trans-beta-methylstyrene, 2-methyl-1 phenyl-1-propene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, alpha-2-dimethylstyrene, 4-tert-butylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 2,5-dimethylstyrene, 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, 4-vinylbiphenyl , 4-vinylanisole, 4-ethoxystyrene, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, N-vinylpyrrolidone or vinyl fluoride or mixtures of two or more thereof.

When the compositions used according to the invention are used as emulsions or dispersions, the particle size in the discontinuous phase in such emulsions or dispersions is for example about 30 to 1500 nm or about 100 to 350 nm.

Fluorinated waxes are waxes which contain at least one fluorine atom bonded to a carbon atom, preferably at least one -CF ₂ or / and CF ₃ group. Preferably, the proportion of the -CF ₂ - or / and CF ₃ group is high.

Examples of suitable compounds are perfluorocarboxylic esters, partially fluorinated carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters, such as partially fluorinated alkanoic acids, partially fluorinated alkenoic acids, perfluoroalkoxyalkanoic acids, perfluoroalkylethylenoxyalkanoic acids, perfluoroalkoxybenzoic acids and sulfide, sulfonic, carboxylic acid amide, hydrofluorocarboxylic acids containing oxo and / or ether groups and esters thereof, perfluorosulfonic acid esters, partially fluorinated sulfonic acid esters, eg. B. Perfluoralkylethansulfonsäureester, Perfluorpropylethansulfonsäureester, partially fluorinated alkene sulfonic, and sulfide, carboxylic acid amide, hydroxy, oxo or / and ether groups containing partially fluorinated sulfonic acid esters, fluorinated sulfoesters, eg. For example, sulfosuccinic, Perfluoralkylsulfopropionate or Perfluoralkylsulfobutyrate

Also suitable are fluorinated waxes as in the US 5,114,482 A . EP 0 444 752 A1 or the EP 0 421 303 A2 to be named. The disclosure of said publications and the compositions described therein are understood to be part of the disclosure of the present text.

Also suitable as a constituent of the compositions which can be used according to the invention are waxes. For example, a composition according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following waxes: paraffin waxes, polyethylene waxes, montan waxes, oxidized polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, other hydrocarbon waxes, carnauba wax, beeswax, ester or amide waxes, complex ester waxes, pentaester waxes or waxes of di- or polycarboxylic acids or mixtures of two or more of it.

Also suitable as constituents of the compositions according to the invention are the esters of polyols with monocarboxylic acids. Examples of suitable polyols are compounds having 2 or more OH groups, in particular compounds having 3 or more OH groups, such as ditrimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, homopentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, trishydroxyethyl isocyanate, 1,2,4-butanetriol, propane and hexane triols Trihydroxycarboxylic acids such as trishydroxymethyl (ethyl) ethanoic acids and the like. Suitable carboxylic acids are in particular aromatic or aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched or cyclic monocarboxylic acids having 2 to 44 carbon atoms, for example having 6 to 22 carbon atoms such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid , Palmitic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic, oleic, elaidic, petroselic, linoleic, linolenic, elaeostearic, arachidic, gadoleic, behenic and erucic acids and their technical mixtures.

In many cases, the diesters or triesters of glycerol are suitable, for example the glycerol tristearate. The content of a composition of such polyol esters which can be used in the context of a process according to the invention is, for example, about 0.0001 to about 5% by weight, for example about 0.001 to about 3 or about 0.01 to about 2% by weight.

In addition to a liquid carrier medium and a polymer or a mixture of two or more polymers or a wax or a mixture of two or more waxes or a mixture of one or more polymers and one or more waxes, a composition which can be used according to the invention may contain further additives.

Examples of suitable additives are light stabilizers based on a UV absorber and / or based on sterically hindered amines, which may be, for example, aminoether-functionalized, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

According to the invention, it is advantageous if the light stabilizers are present in the coating composition according to the invention in an amount of, for example, at least about 0.05% by weight, for example in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10% by weight. The quantitative upper limit varies depending on the coating agent and is achieved in all cases when an increase in the amount of light stabilizer no longer causes any further positive effect, but there is a risk that due to the high degree of filling other valuable technological properties are affected.

Of particular advantage are amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, because this can be achieved in all variants of the coating compositions of the invention, the desired effects with a relatively small amount. Within this range, the one from 1 to 5 wt .-% is emphasized. It represents the optimum in terms of the amount used and the effects achieved.

As light stabilizers based on a UV absorber, for example, light stabilizers of the benzotriazole type and / or triazine type are used. As light stabilizers are therefore suitable for. For example, the products commercially available under the following names:
Tinuvin ^® 384 or Tinuvin ^® 320 from Ciba Geigy, light stabilizer based on iso-octyl-3- (3 (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionate, average molecular weight 451.6, Tinuvin ^® 1130 from Ciba Geigy, light stabilizer based on the reaction product of polyethylene glycol 300 and methyl 3- [3- (2Hbenzotriazol-2-yl) -5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl] propionate, average molecular weight> 600, Cyagard ^® UV-1164L from Dyna Cytec, light stabilizer based on 2,4Bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -6- (2-hydroxy-4-isooctyloxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, average molecular weight 510, 65% in xylene.

Likewise suitable as light stabilizers are light stabilizers based on benzotriazole and / or triazine. Examples of such light stabilizers are the products obtainable commercially under the following names: Tinuvin ^® 400 from Ciba Geigy, light stabilizer based on a mixture of 2- [4 - ((2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl) oxy) -2-hydroxyphenyl ] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine and 2- [4 - ((2-hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl) oxy) -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, average molecular weight 654, 85% in 1-methoxy-2-propanol, CGL 1545 from Ciba Geigy, light stabilizers based on 2- [4 - ((2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyl) oxy) -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-bis) dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5triazin, average molecular weight 583, CYAGARDO UV-3801 from Dyno Cytec, immobilizable light stabilizer based on triazine, average molecular weight 498, Cyagard ^® UV 3925 from Dyno Cytec, light stabilizers based on triazine, average molecular weight 541 ,

All light stabilizers based on sterically hindered amines (HALS) are also suitable as light stabilizers. Suitable light stabilizers are therefore, for example, piperidine derivatives such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine derivatives.

Other suitable UV absorbers and light stabilizers are used in the EP-A 1 046 668 on pages 35 and 36. Both disclosures are hereby incorporated by reference, the disclosures being considered as part of this text

Further suitable additives are, for example, silicones, dyes, pigments, fillers, perchlorates, auxiliary solvents, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, wetting agents, spreading agents, leveling agents, lubricants, defoamers and the like. Examples of the above-mentioned other additives are, for example, the Dow commercially available Corning ^® additives Fluowet ^® SB, Tego ^® Glide, molybdenum sulfide and Tego ^® Foamex as well as the commercially available silicones, silicone surfactant Dow Corning 67, Tegopren 6800 (Goldschmidt), Tegoglide 411 , Tegoglide 415 or Elastosil RD (Wacker).

A composition which can be used in the context of a process according to the invention can contain, for example, onium salts of perchlorates. For the purposes of the present text, "onium salt" is a compound which represents an ammonium, sulfonium or phosphonium salt. An "onium salt" according to the present invention is an organic onium salt. This means that the ammonium, sulfonium or phosphonium group of the onium salt carries at least one organic radical. An onium salt according to the present invention may, depending on the nature of the onium group, carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 organic radicals. The organic radicals can be connected to the onium radical, for example via a C-X linkage, where X is S, N or P. However, it is also possible that the organic radicals are connected to the onium radical via another heteroatom, for example an O atom.

An onium perchlorate which can be used in the context of the present invention has at least one positively charged N, P or S atom or two or more such positively charged N, P or S atoms or mixtures of two or more of the named, positively charged atom types on.

In the context of the present invention, for example, onium perchlorates are compounds which carry at least one organic radical and at most the maximum possible number of organic radicals on the N, S or P atom. If an onium perchlorate which can be used according to the invention carries fewer organic radicals than necessary for the formation of a positively charged onium ion, the positive charge is generated in a conventional manner known to the person skilled in the art by protonation by means of a suitable acid, so that the corresponding onium perchlorate is present in this case organic residue still carries at least one proton.

Therefore, according to the invention, it is therefore possible to use compounds as onium perchlorates which have a positive charge as a result of protonation reactions. However, it is also possible within the scope of the stabilizer combinations according to the invention to use onium perchlorates which have a positive charge due to a peralkylation reaction. Examples of such compounds are tetraalkylammonium, trialkylsulfonium or tetraalkylphosphonium perchlorates. However, it is also provided in the context of the present invention that a peralkylated onium perchlorate which can be used according to the invention has an aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cycloalkenyl radical. It is likewise possible and provided according to the invention for an onium salt which can be used in the context of a stabilizer composition according to the invention to have two or optionally more different substituent types, for example an alkyl and a cycloalkyl radical or an alkyl radical and an aryl radical.

For example, onium perchlorates which lead to an ammonium perchlorate by appropriate reaction of suitable reactants are suitable. In this case, ammonium perchlorates which can be used according to the invention can be obtained, for example, by appropriate reaction of amines or amides, such as alkylmonoamines, alkylenediamines, alkylpolyamines, secondary or tertiary amines. Suitable ammonium perchlorates are therefore derived, for example, from primary mono- or polyamino compounds having from 2 to about 40, for example from 6 to about 20, carbon atoms. For example, these are ethylamine, n-propylamine, i- Propylamine, n-butylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, substituted amines having 2 to about 20 carbon atoms such as 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) -1-aminoethane. Suitable diamines have, for example, two primary, two secondary two tertiary or one primary and one secondary or one primary and one tertiary or one secondary and one tertiary amino group. Examples of these are diaminoethane, the isomeric diaminopropanes, the isomeric diaminobutanes, the isomeric diaminohexanes, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine, IPDA), 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane , 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, aminoethylethanolamine, hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate or triamines such as diethylenetriamine or 1,8-diamino-4-aminomethyloctane or tertiary amines such as triethylamine, tributylamine, trihexylamine, triheptylamine, trioctylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, N-ethyl-, N- Methyl, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimorpholinodiethylether, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, 1-azabicyclo [3,3,0] octane, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N , N, N ', N'-tetramethylbutanediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylhexanediamine-1,6, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetramethyldiaminoethyl ether, bis (dimethylaminopropyl) urea, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 1,2- Dimethylimidazole or di (4-N, N-dimethylaminocyclohexyl) methane.

Also suitable are aliphatic amino alcohols having 2 to about 40, preferably 6 to about 20 C atoms, for example triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, tributanolamine, tri-tert-butanolamine, tripentanolamine, 1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-pentane-5 -ol, 2-aminohexane-2 ', 2 "-diethanolamine, 1-amino-2,5-dimethylcyclohexan-4-ol-2-aminopropanol, 2-aminobutanol, 3-aminopropanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 5-aminopentanol, 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, 1-amino-1-cyclopentan-methanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3- propanediol, 2- (dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, aromatic-aliphatic or aromatic-cycloaliphatic amino alcohols having 6 to about 20 C-atoms, wherein as aromatic structures heterocyclic or isocyclic ring systems such as naphthalene or especially benzene derivatives such as 2-aminobenzyl alcohol, 3- (hydroxymethyl ) Aniline, 2-amino-3-phenyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-1-phenylethanol, 2-phenylglycinol or 2-amino-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol and mixtures of two i or more of such compounds are used.

Suitable fillers in the context of the present invention are all materials which are at least largely inert to the other ingredients and, if appropriate, have a slightly abrasive character with respect to the surface to be treated. For example, an inorganic filler is used as the filler. Suitable inorganic fillers include, for example, chalk, quartz, mica, barite, kaolin, talc, alumina, aluminum silicate, other phyllosilicates such as antigorite, serpentine, hornblende, amphiboles, chrysotile and zeolites.

Inorganic fillers may, in some processing methods, have the disadvantage that, because of their comparatively high hardness, they lead to excessive abrasion phenomena on the material to be processed. In a further embodiment of the invention, a filler is therefore used which has a lower abrasiveness than quartz powder. For example, chalk is used as the filler.

Further additives can serve, for example, to color the formulation. Suitable for this purpose are, for example, water-soluble, ionic dyes, organic and inorganic pigments, sepia, bone charcoal, TiO ₂ (rutile, anatase, brookite), lead white 2PbCO ₃ , Pb (OH) ₂ , basic zinc carbonate 2ZnCO ₃ 3Zn (OH) ₃ , zinc oxide ZnO , Zirconium dioxide ZrO ₂ , zinc sulfide ZnS, lithopone ZnS / BaSO ₄ , carbon black, iron oxide black (Fe ₃ O ₄ ), red iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ), apatite 3Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ CaF ₂ , calcium sulfate CaSO ₄ 2H ₂ O (Gypsum), barium sulfate BaSO ₄ (barite), barium carbonate BaCO ₃ , calcium silicates or other silicates (eg kaolin, talc, mica) or mixtures of two or more thereof. A coloring of the compositions which can be used according to the invention can serve, for example, to facilitate the most complete removal of the compositions used according to the invention from one to be treated.

The formulations for lubricants which can be used according to the invention can contain from 0 to about 30% by weight of additives. A preferred range for the content of such compounds is about 0.1 to about 10% by weight.

A composition according to the invention may additionally contain, as additives, hardeners which initiate or accelerate the curing of a curable monomer optionally present in the composition.

Also suitable as additives are optical brighteners, for example brighteners of the Uvitex series (Ciba Specialty Chemicals) such as Uvitex OB-C.

A composition used according to the invention has, for example, the following ingredients Esterlösemittel: 70 to about 98% by weight polyacrylate: From 0.1 to about 3% by weight wax 0.2 to about 2% by weight polyol: 0.001 to about 1% by weight Hydrocarbon solvents: From 0.1 to about 10% by weight Light stabilizers: From 0.1 to about 5% by weight Optical brighteners: 0.01 to about 2% by weight

The present invention therefore also provides a liquid composition comprising at least one ester which is liquid at 23 ° C., at least one hydrocarbon which is liquid at 23 ° C., at least one wax and at least one ester of a polyol with monocarboxylic acids.

Another object of the invention is the use of a liquid composition containing at least one at 23 ° C liquid ester, at least one liquid at 23 ° C hydrocarbon preferably having a boiling point of more than 60 ° C, at least one wax and at least one ester of a polyol with monocarboxylic acids for cleaning and sealing of plastic surfaces.

In the context of the method according to the invention, a surface to be cleaned is brought into contact with a composition described above. The contact preferably takes place in such a way that the composition used for cleaning is distributed on the surface under low pressure, as can be generated manually, for example, by sponges or other applicators. In the context of a further embodiment of the present invention, a surface is subjected to a cleaning treatment in the process according to the invention by applying a composition described above with a suitable application, the composition is spread on the surface under light to medium pressure until any impurities present are substantially removed and the excess composition is then also preferably removed manually from the surface.

The treatment takes place, for example, in two or more steps, and it has proved advantageous in some cases, after removing the discoloration as completely as possible, from the composition used according to the invention to apply to the surface to be cleaned and the solvent is removed by evaporation.

The surfaces thus cleaned can be polished, for example, following the removal of the contaminant or following a final application of the composition employed. The polish can be done, for example, directly after the last cleaning. However, it has been found that advantageously between the last application of a composition and the polishing of the surface should be a period of at least 1 min to 5 hours, for example about 5 to about 60 or about 10 to about 40 minutes.

As applicators are basically sponges, textiles, fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens and the like materials.

The process according to the invention is essentially suitable for arbitrary surfaces and shaped bodies, for example for shaped bodies which have been produced by calendering, extruding, injection molding, sintering, extrusion blow molding or the plastisol process.

The term "shaped body" in the context of the present invention basically includes all three-dimensional structures that can be produced from a polymer composition according to the invention. The term "shaped body" in the context of the present invention, for example, wire sheaths, automotive components, such as automotive components such as those used in the interior of the car, in the engine compartment or on the outer surfaces, cable insulation, decorative films, agricultural films, hoses, sealing profiles, office films, hollow bodies (bottles) , Packaging films (thermoformed films), blown film, pipes, foams, heavy profiles (window frames), light wall profiles, construction profiles, sidings, fittings, plates, foam boards, recycled core coextrudates or housings for electrical equipment or machinery, such as computers or household appliances.

Further examples of treatable surfaces are artificial leather, floor coverings, textile coatings, wallpaper or coil coatings.

The invention will be explained in more detail by examples.

embodiment

The following composition was prepared: 1. Cleaning composition ethyl acetate 93% Polymethylmethacrylate (Baerorapid 10 F) 1% beeswax 0.9% glyceryl 0.1% White spirit (60 ° C boiling point) 3% 2-benzotriazole-2-yl-4,6-ditertbutylphenol (Tinuvin ^® 320) 1.9% 2,5-thiophenediylbis (5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole) (Uvitex OB-C) 0.1%

The percentages are based on the weight of the composition.

To prepare the above composition, the ingredients were mixed and heated to a temperature of 60 ° C. There was a clear solution. Upon cooling to room temperature, flocculation of a portion of the waxes could be observed. The result was an opaque suspension that worked perfectly.

2. Application

For cleaning PVC window profiles, the composition described above was uniformly and quickly applied to the discolored profile. The suspension was rubbed with a little pressure with a rag. This process was repeated until the discoloration was removed. It was then applied again with a fresh rag of the composition and allowed to dry. After 15 minutes at a temperature of about 20 ° C, the surfaces were polished. Polishing the surfaces after a period of about 5 minutes resulted in a poorer surface gloss result.

Claims (11)

Process for the cleaning of surfaces of halogen-containing plastics, in which a surface of a shaped body containing at least one halogen-containing plastic is treated with a composition containing at least one liquid carrier medium and at least one hydrocarbon liquid at 23 ° C, at least one curable monomer, in addition to the carrier medium or at least one polymer or at least one wax or a mixture of two or more thereof, and the excess composition is subsequently removed from the surface, at least one carrier medium being an ester which is liquid at 23 ° C and the proportion of polymer or wax or both less than 50 wt .-% is. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a composition is used, in which at least part of the at least one polymer or the at least one wax or at least a part of both is dissolved in the liquid carrier medium. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a composition is used in which at least a portion of the liquid carrier medium has a solubility parameter δ according to Hildebrand of at least 6 H. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a composition is used in which at least a portion of the liquid carrier medium has a solubility parameter δ Hildebrand of at least 8 H. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the composition is applied to the surface of the shaped body and after a contact time with a suitable absorbent article is removed again from the surface. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a composition is used which contains at least one product of a polymerization or a polyaddition or a polycondensation or a mixture of two or more thereof. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the composition is triturated on the surface to be treated. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the surface has an undesirable discoloration and the composition is rubbed on the surface to be treated until the discoloration is at least substantially removed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that excess composition is removed again from the surface. Use of a composition which contains at least one liquid carrier medium and additionally at least one hydrocarbon at 23 ° C, at least one polymer or at least one wax or both, wherein at least one carrier medium is a liquid ester at 23 ° C and wherein the proportion of polymer or Wax or both is less than 50 wt .-%, for cleaning surfaces containing halogen-containing plastics. Liquid composition for cleaning and sealing plastic surfaces, containing at least one at 23 ° C liquid ester, at least one at 23 ° C liquid hydrocarbon, at least one wax and at least one ester of a polyol with monocarboxylic acids, wherein the proportion of liquid at 23 ° C ester 70 to 98 wt .-% is.