[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

DE10105784A1 - Water-needled composite nonwoven made of staple and continuous fibers and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Water-needled composite nonwoven made of staple and continuous fibers and manufacturing process

Info

Publication number
DE10105784A1
DE10105784A1 DE10105784A DE10105784A DE10105784A1 DE 10105784 A1 DE10105784 A1 DE 10105784A1 DE 10105784 A DE10105784 A DE 10105784A DE 10105784 A DE10105784 A DE 10105784A DE 10105784 A1 DE10105784 A1 DE 10105784A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
fibers
fleece
continuous
staple
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE10105784A
Other languages
German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Truetzschler Nonwovens GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE10105784A priority Critical patent/DE10105784A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2002/001146 priority patent/WO2002068744A2/en
Publication of DE10105784A1 publication Critical patent/DE10105784A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5418Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

A method is known, in which continuously spun filaments are laid on a staple-fibre nonwoven and this composite nonwoven is bonded by water-needling. The nonwoven thus obtained is extremely flat and non-voluminous. According to the invention, the continuous filaments are configured as bi-filaments or segmented filaments and a composite of a staple-fibre nonwoven and a continuous-filament nonwoven is formed. The filaments of said composite are these bi-component filaments or similar, which after bonding are subsequently caused to shrink.

Description

Durch die DE-A-19 52 276 ist ein wasservernadeltes Kompositvlies aus Krempelvlies und Endlosfaservlies bekannt. Die Endlosfasern können in einem vorher gefertigten Faservlies als aufgerollte Bahnware vorgelegt oder unmittelbar auf ein Endlosband oder auf das Stapelfaservlies abgelegt werden, wie es in der WO 00/77286 beschrieben ist. Es ist zweckmäßig, die beiden Vliese vor der hydrodynamischen Vernadelung miteinander zu verpressen.DE-A-19 52 276 is a water-needled composite fleece made of carded fleece and continuous fiber fleece known. The continuous filaments can be made in a previously made Fiber fleece presented as a rolled web or directly on an endless belt or placed on the staple fiber fleece, as described in WO 00/77286 is described. It is advisable to place the two fleeces in front of the hydrodynamic Press needles together.

Durch den Pressvorgang und auch durch die Wasservernadelung wird das Komposit zwar gut verfestigt, es wird aber auch sehr flach. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Komposit aus einem Stapelfaservlies plus einem Endlosfaservlies, dessen Fasern insbesondere kontinuierlich auf das Stapelfaservlies abgelegt sein sollten, trotz dieser Behandlung so zu gestalten, dass ein voluminöses Vlies erhalten werden kann.The composite becomes through the pressing process and also through the water needling solidified well, but it also becomes very flat. The object of the invention is to achieve this the basis for a composite made from a staple fiber fleece plus one Endless fiber fleece, the fibers of which are continuously applied to the staple fiber fleece should be filed in spite of this treatment in such a way that a voluminous Fleece can be obtained.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung vor, dass als Spinnfasern allein oder vermischt mit anderen Endlosfasern Bi- oder ähnliche Mehrkomponentenfasern mit dem Krempelvlies zusammengebracht und dann beide Vliese zur Verfestigung ein- oder beidseitig mit der hydrodynamischen Vernadelung beaufschlagt werden und dabei die Endlosfasern mit den Stapelfasern vermischt werden.To achieve this object, the invention provides that as staple fibers alone or mixed with other continuous fibers with bi- or similar multi-component fibers the carded fleece brought together and then both fleece for consolidation or both sides with the hydrodynamic needling and thereby the continuous fibers are mixed with the staple fibers.

Die Bikomponenten- oder Segmentfasern können beliebiger Art sein. Sie können einen zentrischen Mittelpunkt oder aber auch exzentrische Mittelpunkte haben. Es können Splitfasern sein oder auch ein- oder mehrschalige Filamente. Hier ist z. B. auf die Offenbarung der DE-A-28 58 174 oder 28 56 091 oder die EP-A-0 455 927 oder 0 625 221 zu verweisen. Wichtig ist nur, dass die Fasern bei einer folgenden Wärmebehandlung zumindest teilweise schrumpfen, sich kräuseln, wodurch das gewünschte Volumen des ganzen Vlieses erzeugt wird.The bicomponent or segment fibers can be of any type. You can have one have a central center or eccentric centers. It can Be split fibers or single or multi-layer filaments. Here is z. B. on the Disclosure of DE-A-28 58 174 or 28 56 091 or EP-A-0 455 927 or 0 625 221 to refer. It is only important that the fibers in a following Heat treatment at least partially shrink, curl, causing that desired volume of the entire fleece is generated.

Claims (5)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verfestigung eines Faservlieses aus künstlichen Stapelfasern, wie Polyester-, Polyäthylen- oder Polypropylenfasern und/oder mit Naturfasern, das aus reinen Chemiefasern ohne Bindefasern und ohne Bindemittel oder auch allein oder vermischt mit Naturfasern hergestellt wird, indem zumindest ein Krempelvlies mit einem Spinnvlies aus Endlosfasern in einem kontinuierlichen Behandlungsverfahren zusammengebracht und mittels der Wasservernadelung verbunden und verfestigt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Spinnfasern allein oder vermischt mit anderen Endlosfasern Bi-, Segment- oder ähnliche Mehrkomponentenfasern mit dem Krempelvlies zusammengebracht und beide Vliese zur Verfestigung ein- oder beidseitig mit der hydrodynamischen Vernadelung beaufschlagt werden.1. Process for the production and consolidation of a nonwoven fabric from artificial staple fibers, such as polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene fibers and / or with natural fibers, which is produced from pure man-made fibers without binding fibers and without binders or also alone or mixed with natural fibers by at least one carded nonwoven is brought together with a spunbond of continuous fibers in a continuous treatment process and is connected and solidified by means of water needling, characterized in that bi-, segment or similar multicomponent fibers are combined with the carded nonwoven as spun fibers alone or mixed with other continuous fibers and both nonwovens are used for consolidation. or be acted upon on both sides with the hydrodynamic needling. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bi- oder ähnliche Mehrkomponentenfasern beidseitig mit einem Krempelvlies bedeckt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bi- or similar Multi-component fibers are covered on both sides with a carding fleece. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aufeinandergelegten Vliese, von denen eines aus Bi- oder anderen Mehrkomponentenfasern besteht, vor der Wasservernadelung gepresst werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the superimposed nonwovens, one of which is made of bi- or other Multi-component fibers exist, are pressed before water needling. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vlies nach der Wasservernadelung zum Trocknen und dann aber auch zum Schrumpfen der Spezialfasern entsprechend wärmebehandelt wird.4. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the fleece after the Water needling to dry and then also to shrink the Special fibers are heat treated accordingly. 5. Verfestigtes, voluminöses Sandwichvlies, das zumindest aus einem Krempelvlies aus Stapelfasern und/oder Naturfasern und einem Vlies aus synthetischen Endlosfasern besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Endlosfasern aus Bi-, Segment- oder ähnlichen Mehrkomponentenfasern bestehen und beide Vliese mittels der Wasservernadelung miteinander verbunden, verwirrt und verfestigt sind.5. Solidified, voluminous sandwich fleece, which at least consists of a carded fleece made of staple fibers and / or natural fibers and a fleece made of synthetic Continuous fibers, characterized in that the continuous fibers consist of bi-, Segment or similar multi-component fibers exist and both nonwovens connected, confused and solidified by means of water needling are.
DE10105784A 2001-02-07 2001-02-07 Water-needled composite nonwoven made of staple and continuous fibers and manufacturing process Withdrawn DE10105784A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10105784A DE10105784A1 (en) 2001-02-07 2001-02-07 Water-needled composite nonwoven made of staple and continuous fibers and manufacturing process
PCT/EP2002/001146 WO2002068744A2 (en) 2001-02-07 2002-02-05 Water-needled, composite nonwoven consisting of staple fibres and continuous filaments and method for producing the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10105784A DE10105784A1 (en) 2001-02-07 2001-02-07 Water-needled composite nonwoven made of staple and continuous fibers and manufacturing process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE10105784A1 true DE10105784A1 (en) 2002-08-08

Family

ID=7673321

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE10105784A Withdrawn DE10105784A1 (en) 2001-02-07 2001-02-07 Water-needled composite nonwoven made of staple and continuous fibers and manufacturing process

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10105784A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002068744A2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1396567A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-03-10 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik Method of producing a nonwoven web of multicomponent filaments
EP1903134A1 (en) * 2006-09-25 2008-03-26 Carl Freudenberg KG Elastic non-woven fabric and method for its production
EP3192910A1 (en) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-19 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Method for manufacturing a laminate and laminate

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10338196A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-05-12 Reifenhaeuser Masch Process for producing a nonwoven fabric
JP5425352B1 (en) * 2012-05-22 2014-02-26 三井化学株式会社 Non-woven fabric laminate for foam molding, urethane foam molded product composite using the nonwoven fabric laminate, and method for producing non-woven fabric laminate for foam molding

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ212999A (en) * 1984-08-16 1987-05-29 Chicopee Entangled non woven fabric; fusible fibres at one surface thermobonded to base fibres
KR930006226A (en) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-21 원본미기재 Elastic composite nonwoven fabrics and methods of making the same
DE19522763A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-02 Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co Method and device for consolidating a nonwoven fabric
JP3657700B2 (en) * 1996-06-18 2005-06-08 新日本石油化学株式会社 Method for producing high-quality nonwoven fabric
DE59809544D1 (en) * 1997-08-06 2003-10-16 Fleissner Maschf Gmbh Co Process for producing a voluminous composite fleece, device for carrying out the method and composite fleece according to this method
FR2794776B1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2001-10-05 Icbt Perfojet Sa PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A NONWOVEN MATERIAL, INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION AND NONWOVEN THUS OBTAINED
EP1250482B2 (en) * 2000-01-17 2009-06-10 Fleissner GmbH Method and device for production of composite non-woven fibre fabrics by means of hydrodynamic needling

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1396567A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-03-10 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik Method of producing a nonwoven web of multicomponent filaments
CN100507122C (en) * 2002-08-09 2009-07-01 赖芬豪泽机械工厂股份有限公司 Method for producing spun-bonded non-woven fabric web from multiple compoent monofilament
EP1903134A1 (en) * 2006-09-25 2008-03-26 Carl Freudenberg KG Elastic non-woven fabric and method for its production
EP3192910A1 (en) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-19 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Method for manufacturing a laminate and laminate
US11383481B2 (en) 2016-01-15 2022-07-12 Reifenhaeuser Gmbh & Co. Kg Maschinenfabrik Laminate and method of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002068744A2 (en) 2002-09-06
WO2002068744B1 (en) 2003-12-11
WO2002068744A3 (en) 2003-11-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1210474B1 (en) Method and device for producing a composite nonwoven for receiving and storing liquids
DE69514108T2 (en) FLEECE MATERIAL WITH A PARTICULAR PART OF REUSED FIBERS FROM FLEECE AND / OR TEXTILE WASTE
EP1250482B1 (en) Method and device for production of composite non-woven fibre fabrics by means of hydrodynamic needling
EP1266058B1 (en) Method and device for producing composite nonwovens by means of hydrodynamic needling
EP0046834B1 (en) Process for producing a tufted, light-weight soft felt
DE60003086T2 (en) METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COMPOSITE FLEECE MATERIAL AND PRODUCED MATERIAL
DE60300540T2 (en) Apparatus for producing a patterned textile product and nonwoven fabric made therefrom
DE1220141B (en) Process for the production of non-woven felt-like material from synthetic threads and / or fibers
EP1748101A2 (en) Bulky fibrous laminate and its making
EP0751249B1 (en) Method and apparatus for consolidating a fibrous fleece
DE10001957A1 (en) Air laying non-wovens with melt adhesive fiber outer and cellulose inner layers includes bonding of all three layers by water jet needle punching
DE10105784A1 (en) Water-needled composite nonwoven made of staple and continuous fibers and manufacturing process
DE102009031635A1 (en) Inexpensive non-woven, comprises fiber and/or filament layer consolidated using water with layer of fibers from cotton and/or wool waste, e.g. gin motes
DE10349531A1 (en) Process for the production of a voluminous sandwich fleece from at least two cover fleeces and central pulp layer
EP1447466A1 (en) Process for making a spunbond nonwoven fabric from filaments
EP1392905B1 (en) Method for consolidating a material web made from wood pulp
EP0896080B1 (en) Process of making a voluminous nonwoven composite fabric, fabric and apparatus for manufacturing the fabric accordingly
DE1919816A1 (en) Reinforced laminated felt or fleece flexible - textile for gas filtration
DE19500669A1 (en) Consolidating fibre web made of synthetic staple fibres
DE10004448A1 (en) Making composite non-woven, e.g. for sanitary products, involves calendering a support layer, applying a wood pulp layer and needle punching with water jets
DE19902368A1 (en) Compound material has outer layers bonded together by filaments with a center layer of recycled and compressed plastics and/or natural materials in a cost-effective structure
EP0727517B1 (en) Process for manufacturing bonded non-woven material, bonded non-woven material made by this process and use thereof
DE4114952A1 (en) Nonwoven material for use as filter fabric, etc. - has two layers consisting of spun-bounded or nonwoven material on which carded staple mat is placed
DE1660769C (en) Process for the production of needled paper machine felts and similarly usable felt products
EP1519833A1 (en) Product and method for producing a non-woven fabric by means of hydrodynamic needling

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8127 New person/name/address of the applicant

Owner name: FLEISSNER GMBH & CO. MASCHINENFABRIK, 63329 EGELSB

8139 Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee