DE10061346A1 - Vehicle seat has bearing points for padded seat and backrest parts displaceable by motorised adjusting units and with spring-damper elements supporting seat upper frame on lower frame - Google Patents

Abstract

The seat part (10) consists of a lower seat frame (16) and an upper seat frame (18) forming a support for the padded part (20). The padded part for the seat and the padded part for the backrest are each mounted on a bending elastic bearing part (22) whose bearing points (36, 38, 40, 42) can be moved in the x and y direction of the vehicle through motor-driven adjusting units. The seat lower frame has near the front and rear area of the seat part close to the front and rear ends spring-damper elements (30) and pyrotechnic piston-cylinder units (32) through which the upper frame (18) of the seat is supported on the lower frame.

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle seat with a variable stiffness and a variable Contour with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

It is known that vehicle manufacturers equip motor vehicles with vehicle seats, the different vibration and damping properties depending on the vehicle type as well as different hardness and shape of the upholstery. Customary Motor vehicle seats usually have cushions made from a combination of Wire suspension and resilient foam material exist. These seats have one Defined upholstery detection, either depending on the vehicle type and / or vehicle manufacturer is softer (comfort seat) or harder (sports seat), but not subsequently by the customer or another vehicle occupant can be changed to one that is perceived as comfortable Adjust compliance. In addition, comfort seats can be particularly soft Suspension and upholstery can be disadvantageous in certain accident situations because they are due to the give way to high acceleration or inertia forces and thus do not provide sufficient support or restraint for the vehicle occupant.

DE 42 11 895 A1 describes a vehicle seat with a deformable body support known. The body support is covered by a pad that has at least one an airtight elastic cushion connected to a pressure generator with one therein arranged porous elastic foam body comprises. To achieve an optimal The foam body has body-appropriate support in the unloaded state a basic shape adapted to an average body contour. This is supposed to achieved that only slight adjustments to fit the vehicle seat Make changes in shape to the body support and thus the possibility of Setting incorrect postures in the upholstery contour are excluded. This Solution according to the invention only allows changes in the contour of the cushion in Areas of the vehicle seat. A change in the hardness of the upholstery can Solution cannot be made.

DE 198 06 535 A1 describes a solution to an automatic one Seat comfort adjustment system. With this system, when the  Vehicle seat occupant characteristics are automatically recorded and these characteristics for output used by seat comfort setting commands to ensure optimal seating comfort and a to achieve the desired interaction with other control systems. The Comfort setting commands are in the form of desired print commands for at least one fluid-filled bladder issued inside the vehicle seat and can during the Occupying the vehicle seat can be updated periodically. Updating the Print commands serve the purpose of changing the position of the vehicle occupant or reduce muscle fatigue in the vehicle occupant. adversely with this solution is that through this seat comfort adjustment via fluid-filled bubbles inside the vehicle seat, the change in both the upholstery hardness and the Upholstery contour of the vehicle seat is only effective locally, so that none Consistent and uniform change in the hardness and contour of the upholstery Seat of the seat part and the leaning surface of the backrest is possible.

In an older, not yet published patent application (DE 10 04 1910.0) one Solution proposed, in which the adjustment of the cushion hardness in the central area of the Seat part or the backrest with a change in contour of the seat part or Backrest goes hand in hand. The solution sees one for the seat part or the backrest between two opposing spars meandering shaped wire springs. By means of the shaped wire springs Tension belts with different degrees of tension can be pulled towards the surface of the Seat part or the backrest produces different curvatures. So that is achieved that without changing the position of the side beads one to the respective seat hardness corresponding effective side bead height adjusts itself automatically.

If this solution also describes a simple and relatively inexpensive structure, However, it can only meet the needs of Vehicle occupants are taken into account. The main disadvantage is that in terms of optimal seating comfort and high driving safety Adjustment options both on the seat part and on the backrest of the vehicle seat are inadequate. In the event of a crash in particular, the vehicle occupants are not adequately supported against slipping on the vehicle seat so that There is a risk of injury to the vehicle occupants and therefore not their safety is guaranteed.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a vehicle seat at the outset mentioned type to create an individual setting one of the vehicle occupants as  the perceived flexibility of the seat and one of the vehicle occupants as Comfortable shape of the seat and the leaning surface of the backrest enables and in the event of a crash for an automatic reduction in the flexibility of the Seat surface and changes the inclination so that a seated on the vehicle seat Vehicle occupant is better supported.

This task is accomplished by a vehicle seat with a variable stiffness and a variable contour solved with the features mentioned in claims 1 and 19. Because the seat part consists of a seat base and a seat base, wherein the seat frame is the carrier of a cushion part, and the cushion part of the seat part and the cushion part of the backrest each on at least one flexible elastic Support part is arranged, the bearings of which can be driven by motors Adjustment units in the x direction and z direction of the vehicle are movable, and on Seat base, in each case in the front and rear area of the seat part, near his front and rear ends, spring / damper elements and pyrotechnic piston / cylinder Units are mounted on both sides, via which the seat frame on the seat frame is arranged so that it can be supported, a vehicle seat is created which has an individual setting a resilience of the seat that is perceived as comfortable by the vehicle occupant and a form of the seat which is perceived as comfortable by the vehicle occupant and the Leaning surface of the backrest enables. In the event of a crash is due to the invention Vehicle seat automatically reduces the compliance of the seat guaranteed and their inclination is automatically changed so that one on the Vehicle seat seated vehicle occupant is better supported. Overall, the Vehicle seat according to the invention advantageously an individual adjustment of the Vibration and damping behavior of the vehicle seat as well as the hardness and Contour of the seat surface of the seat part and the leaning surface of the backrest. The Vehicle seat according to the invention advantageously offers high seating comfort and ensures an improved level of security at the same time.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is that the seat part consists of a seat frame and a seat frame, the seat frame Carrier of a cushion part, and the cushion part of the seat part and the cushion part of the Backrest is arranged on at least one flexible support part, the its position and shape can be changed by at least one spring / damper unit, and on the seat base in the front and rear area of the seat part, close its front and rear ends, spring / damper elements and pyrotechnic piston / cy  Linder units are mounted on both sides, through which the seat frame on the Seat base is arranged to be supported.

Further preferred refinements of the invention result from the others in the Characteristics mentioned subclaims.

The invention is described in an exemplary embodiment based on the associated Drawing explained in more detail. The figure shows a schematic representation of a Vehicle seat according to the invention as a side view.

The vehicle seat shown consists essentially of a seat part 10 and a backrest 12 with a headrest 14 arranged thereon. The seat part 10 has a seat base frame 16 and a seat upper frame 18 , the seat upper frame 18 being the carrier of a cushion part 20 . The seat bottom frame 16 may be connected in known manner either directly to a vehicle floor 46, or (not shown) within the guide rails, which are fixed on the vehicle floor 46 to be mounted. The cushion part 20 of the seat part 10 and the backrest 12 is each arranged on at least one flexurally elastic support part 22 . The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the flexible support part 22 is a curved leaf spring. The curved leaf spring can preferably be made of steel, plastic or CFRP. Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the flexible support part 22 is a meandering shaped wire spring that can be tensioned by means of a belt.

In the further explanation of the exemplary embodiment, the flexurally elastic support part 22 in the preferred embodiment of the invention is described as a curved leaf spring 22 . The curved leaf spring 22 of the seat part 10 has at its two ends a front bearing 36 and a rear bearing 38 , the position of which can be changed. The curved leaf spring 22 of the backrest 12 is designed analogously and has an upper bearing point 40 and a lower bearing point 42 at each of its two ends, the position of which can be changed. The bearings 36 , 38 , 40 and 42 of the curved leaf spring 22 of the seat part 10 and the backrest 12 are each connected to adjustment units by means of which a change in the position and shape of the curved leaf spring 22 is realized.

The curved leaf spring 22 of the seat part 10 and the curved leaf spring 22 of the backrest 12 are each connected to a spindle 26 at the front bearing point 36 and at the upper bearing point 40 , which spindle can be driven by a motor 24 . An electric motor is preferably provided as the motor 24 for driving the spindle 26 . The position of the front bearing 36 of the seat part 10 and the upper bearing 40 of the backrest 12 can be advantageously changed via the motor 24 and the spindle 26 .

The curved leaf spring 22 of the seat part 10 and the curved leaf spring 22 of the backrest 12 are each connected at their rear bearing 38 and at their lower bearing 42 via an angle lever 44 which can be pivoted about a pivot axis 34 to a flexible shaft 28 which is connected by a motor 24 is drivable. The position of the rear bearing 38 of the seat part 10 and the lower bearing 42 of the backrest 12 can be advantageously changed via the motor 24 , the flexible shaft 28 and the angle lever 44 .

It is particularly advantageous that the motor 24 is supported on a swivel bearing 34 within the upper seat frame 18 of the seat part 10 in such a way that it can be swiveled about a swivel axis running transversely to the direction of travel.

In the figure, only one motor 24 is shown within the seat part 10 and within the backrest 12 for driving the adjustment units of the bearings 36 , 38 , 40 and 42 . Instead of a motor 24 for driving the adjusting units can also advantageously two motors 24 within the seat portion 10 and be inserted within the backrest 12th In this case, the spindle 26 and the flexible shaft 28 are driven separately and independently of one another.

The curved leaf spring 22 can advantageously be designed as a one-piece part in the shape of a shell. Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that the curved leaf spring 22 is in each case designed as a single segment part which forms the support for the cushion part 20 with other segment parts.

Another preferred embodiment (not shown) of the invention provides that the curved leaf spring 22 has body- adapted contours on its surface and body-specific stiffness in sections. It is also advantageous if the curved leaf spring 22 has recesses for air conditioning the seat part 10 and / or the backrest 12 .

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, adjustment elements (not shown) are additionally arranged above the curved leaf spring 22 , with which the cushion hardness and cushion contour of the seat part 10 and / or the backrest 12 can be changed relative to the curved leaf spring 22 .

Further preferred configurations, which are not shown in detail in the figure, consist in the fact that the desired end positions of the bearing points 36 , 38 , 40 and 42 of the curved leaf spring 22 can be automatically reached by the vehicle occupant via memory programming when the vehicle seat is occupied. It is particularly advantageous if, in order to compensate for the H point shift, the height and length adjustment of the vehicle seat is coupled with the automatic approach to the end positions of the bearing points 36, 38, 40 and 42. The height and length adjustment of the vehicle seat in turn can advantageously be coupled with a presetting of the spring / damper elements 30 .

On the seat underframe 16 , spring / damper elements 30 and pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 are mounted on both sides in the front and rear area of the seat part 10 , near its front and rear end. The seat upper frame 18 is supported on the seat lower frame 16 via the spring / damper elements 30 and the pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 . The pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 are advantageously designed such that they can each be activated in two opposite directions.

The spring / damper elements 30 can advantageously be controlled by means of a pre-crash sensor system such that the seat part 10 of the vehicle seat can be raised in its front region in the event of a front impact of the vehicle and lowered in its rear region and in its front region in the event of a rear impact Area can be lowered and raised in the rear area. Analogous to this advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 can be controlled in the same way by means of a pre-crash sensor system.

To increase the seating comfort, it is advantageous if the upholstery parts 20 of the seat part 10 and the backrest 12 have a leather cover. In addition, inflatable air cushions can also be incorporated into the cushion parts 20 for local support of the buttocks and back of the vehicle occupant. It is also advantageous if a pressure mat for weight sensing is arranged on the seat surface of the seat part 10 , with which occupant-specific data for the automatic adjustment of the upholstery hardness and upholstery contour can be recorded. The pressure mat for weight sensing can also be used for a device for seat occupancy detection, by means of which airbags can be controlled in accordance with the load on the seat part 10 of the vehicle seat.

The function of the vehicle seat according to the invention is described below. If the vehicle seat is to appear soft and soft when sitting, that is when the vehicle occupant takes the vehicle seat, the curved leaf springs 22 must have the greatest curvature. The side cheeks 48 on the seat part 10 and on the backrest 12 protrude only slightly beyond the seat surface of the seat part 10 and the leaning surface of the backrest 12 , which makes it easier to get on and off. Characterized in that the curved leaf springs 22 are articulated in the bearing points ( 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 ), they give way when sitting and the cushions of the seat part 10 and the backrest 12 appear soft.

After the vehicle occupant has occupied the vehicle seat, the bent leaf springs 22 in the seat part 10 and / or in the backrest 12 can be tensioned via the motors 24 . If the motor 24 moves the curved leaf spring 22 of the seat part 10 forwards via the rotating spindle 26 , the curved leaf spring 22 becomes flatter and the seat surface lowers. The distance between the seat and the side cheeks 48 increases. In this way, a more sporty vehicle seat is created, which has a lower suspension but offers more lateral support due to the more protruding side bolsters 48 . The improved lateral hold of the vehicle occupant on the vehicle seat is particularly advantageous when driving through tight curves, with lateral accelerations acting on the vehicle occupant. Such a vehicle seat also creates better front buttocks and thigh support, as is particularly preferred by larger vehicle occupants. By pivoting the motor 24 , which is supported on a pivot bearing 34 , the thigh support can be reinforced in the front region of the seat part 10 . Smaller vehicle occupants will prefer the formation of a more arched leaf spring 22 , in which the seat cover is shifted further in the direction of the backrest 12 .

To support the iliac crest, the bearing points 38 , 44 of the curved leaf spring 22 are displaced upwards or forwards via the flexible shaft 28 within the seat part 10 and / or the backrest 12 . This also changes the contour of the seat part 10 for buttock support and / or the contour of the backrest 12 for back support. For smaller vehicle occupants, the back support is advantageously shifted further forward and the lumbar support is shifted further down. The curvature of the curved leaf spring 22 in the seat part 10 and in the backrest 12 is greatest for small vehicle occupants, so that the spring travel of the curved leaf spring 22 is also greatest. At the same time, the protrusion of the side cheeks 48 of the seat part 10 and the backrest 12 is less than the seat surface and the lean-on surface. For larger vehicle occupants, in turn, the curved leaf springs 22 are advantageously set flat. The lumbar support in the backrest 12 automatically shifts further upward, as is required for larger vehicle occupants.

The upholstery of the backrest 12 can advantageously also be designed as a pelvic crest support such that the lumbar vertebrae of the vehicle occupant are relieved. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flexurally elastic support part 22 of the backrest 72 can consist of a plurality of bent leaf springs which are arranged at a distance from one another in the Y direction of the vehicle and are connected to one another. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the resilient support part 22 of the backrest 12 consists of a bent leaf spring which is divided in its lower region. In analogy to this, the flexible support part 22 can also consist of two spaced leaf springs.

The vehicle occupant thus has the option of adjusting the vehicle seat in such a way that he feels comfortable with regard to the hardness and contour of the upholstery of both the seat part 10 and the backrest 12 . It is particularly advantageous here that the change in seating is carried out continuously and can be carried out while driving, which is particularly desirable in the case of longer journeys. By coupling the change in the position and shape of the curved leaf spring 22 with the opening of the vehicle doors, the curved leaf spring 22 is automatically moved into the position in which the curved leaf spring 22 has the greatest curvature and the vehicle seat both visually and at the start of the journey Sitting looks soft. The positive visual impression of the vehicle seat can be further promoted by equipping the vehicle seats with a leather cover with an intentional wrinkle formation. The folds of the leather cover have the advantageous effect that they compensate for thrust movements caused by the relative movements of the vehicle occupant between the backrest 12 and the seat part 10 . In the "soft" position of the curved leaf springs 22, the side cheeks 48 of the seat part 10 and the backrest 72 protrude only slightly above the seat surface of the seat part 10 and the leaning surface of the backrest 12 . This advantageously makes it easier for the vehicle user to get on and off.

During the journey, the bent leaf springs 22 can be automatically tensioned again by the motors 24 and brought into their "hard" position. Here, the side cheeks 48 become more functional again and the seating surface of the seat part 10 and the leaning surface of the backrest 12 become harder.

The arrangement of the upper seat frame 18 on the seat base frame 16 additionally enables an optional adjustment of the vehicle seat with rather comfortable or rather sporty properties. For this purpose, the spring / damper elements 30 , which serve to support the seat upper frame 18 on the seat lower frame 16 , can advantageously be continuously adjusted and adjusted, so that a different vibration or damping behavior of the vehicle seat can be generated.

The spring / damper elements 30 are also designed so that they cause a change in the position of the vehicle seat in the event of a crash of the vehicle. According to the invention, it is provided for this that the spring / damper elements 30 are controlled by a pre-crash sensor system known per se, which detects a front or rear impact of the vehicle. In the event of a front impact, the seat part 10 of the vehicle seat is raised in its front area and lowered in its rear area by the spring / damper elements 30 . In the event of a rear impact of the vehicle, the seat part 10 is lowered in its front area and raised in its rear area. In this way, the vehicle occupant is better held in his sitting position on the vehicle seat when acceleration or inertial forces occur in the event of a crash.

The spring / damper elements 30 are advantageously adjustable in their identifiers, as a result of which the seating comfort can be matched to the chassis. If the vehicle is equipped with a device for predictive road detection, the identifications of the spring / damper elements 30 can be set automatically to the respective road condition and the respective driving speed of the vehicle.

In addition, it is possible to determine the weight and the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle occupant in the x direction of the vehicle via the spring / damper elements 30 . This determination can advantageously also be carried out in connection with a pressure mat arranged on the seat part 10 . By determining the center of gravity of the vehicle occupant, the current position of the vehicle occupant can be determined, for example, in the event of a longitudinal displacement of the vehicle seat. The current position of the vehicle occupant on the vehicle seat can advantageously be used to trigger signals for the activation of airbags and / or the pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 .

To ensure a high level of safety within the vehicle and to avoid injuries to the vehicle occupant (s) in the event of a crash, pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 , which are known per se, are used, which are also controlled by the pre-crash sensor system. The pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 can advantageously be activated in two opposite directions, for example via two pressure chambers which can be acted upon in opposite directions, and thus ensure a rapid change in the position of the vehicle seat. In the event of a front impact, the seat part 10 of the vehicle seat is raised in its front area and lowered in its rear area. In the event of a rear-end collision, the processes of raising and lowering the seat part 10 of the vehicle seat are reversed. The pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units 32 advantageously enable rapid reaction in the event of a crash.

Another preferred embodiment (not shown) of the invention is similar in construction to the above-described embodiment. It differs essentially from this in that the change in the position and shape of the flexible support part 22 does not take place by moving its bearing points 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 by adjusting units which can be driven by motors 24 , but by at least one spring / damper Unit is made. The spring / damper unit can advantageously be designed to be controlled by a motor 24 .

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

seat part

12

backrest

14

headrest

16

Seat base

18

Seat upper frame

20

upholstery part

22

flexible support part (curved leaf spring)

24

engine

26

spindle

28

flexible shaft

30

Spring / damper element

32

pyrotechnic piston / cylinder unit

34

pivot bearing

36

front bearing

38

rear bearing

40

upper bearing

42

lower bearing

44

bell crank

46

vehicle floor

48

side cheek

Claims (36)

1.Vehicle seat with a variable stiffness and a variable contour, wherein the vehicle seat has a seat part and a backrest each with a cushion part and at least one flexurally elastic support part is arranged within the seat part and the backrest, with which the hardness and / or the contour of the Upholstery of the seat part and the backrest can be changed, characterized in that the seat part ( 10 ) consists of a seat base frame ( 16 ) and a seat upper frame ( 18 ), the seat upper frame ( 18 ) being a carrier of a cushion part ( 20 ), and the cushion part ( 20 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) and the upholstered part ( 20 ) of the backrest ( 12 ) are each arranged on at least one flexible support part ( 22 ), the bearing points ( 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 ) of which can be driven by motors ( 24 ) adjustment units in The x direction and z direction of the vehicle can be moved, and on the seat base frame ( 16 ), in each case in the front and rear en area of the seat part ( 10 ), near its front and rear ends, spring / damper elements ( 30 ) and pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units ( 32 ) are mounted on both sides, via which the seat upper frame ( 18 ) on the seat base frame ( 16 ) is arranged to be supported. 2. Vehicle seat according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor ( 24 ) for driving the adjusting unit for moving the bearings ( 36 , 38 ) of the flexible support part ( 22 ) of the seat part within the upper seat frame ( 18 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) supported on a swivel bearing ( 34 ) in such a way that it can be swiveled about a swivel axis running transversely to the direction of travel. 3. Vehicle seat according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexurally elastic support part ( 22 ) is preferably a curved leaf spring. 4. Vehicle seat according to claim 3, characterized in that the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) in the bearing points ( 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 ) is articulated. 5. Vehicle seat according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) is preferably made of steel, plastic or CFRP. 6. Vehicle seat according to claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) is designed as a one-piece part in the form of a shell. 7. Vehicle seat according to claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) is designed as a single segment part, which forms the support for the cushion part ( 20 ) with other segment parts. 8. Vehicle seat according to claim 1, characterized in that the resilient support part ( 22 ) of the backrest ( 12 ) preferably consists of a plurality of spaced apart in the Y direction of the vehicle and interconnected bent leaf springs. 9. Vehicle seat according to claim 1, characterized in that the resilient support part ( 22 ) of the backrest ( 12 ) preferably consists of a curved leaf spring which is divided in its lower region. 10. Vehicle seat according to claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) has body-adapted contours on its surface and body-specific stiffness in sections. 11. Vehicle seat according to claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) has recesses for air conditioning the seat part ( 10 ) and / or the backrest ( 12 ). 12. vehicle seat according to claims 3 to 11, characterized in that above the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) are additionally arranged adjusting elements with which the cushion hardness and cushion contour of the seat part ( 10 ) and / or the backrest ( 12 ) relative to the curved leaf spring ( 22 ) are changeable. 13. Vehicle seat according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexurally elastic support part ( 22 ) is preferably a meandering shaped wire spring which can be tensioned by means of a belt. 14. Vehicle seat according to claim 1, characterized in that the resilient bearing part ( 22 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) has at its two ends a front bearing point ( 36 ) and a rear bearing point ( 38 ), the positions of which in the x direction and z -Direction of the vehicle can be moved. 15. Vehicle seat according to claim 1, characterized in that the resilient support part ( 22 ) of the backrest ( 12 ) has at its two ends an upper bearing point ( 40 ) and a lower bearing point ( 42 ), the positions of which in the x direction and z -Direction of the vehicle can be moved. 16. Vehicle seat according to claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the flexurally elastic bearing part ( 22 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) at its front bearing point ( 36 ) and the flexurally elastic bearing part ( 22 ) of the backrest ( 12 ) at its upper bearing point ( 40 ) is in each case connected to a spindle ( 26 ) which can be driven by a motor ( 24 ) and can be changed via the position of the front bearing ( 36 ) and the upper bearing ( 40 ). 17. Vehicle seat according to claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the flexurally elastic bearing part ( 22 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) at its rear bearing point ( 38 ) and the flexurally elastic bearing part ( 22 ) of the backrest ( 12 ) at its lower bearing point ( 42 ) each is connected via a pivotable about a pivot axis (34) of angle levers (44) with a flexible shaft (28) in combination, by a motor (24) driven and the position of the rear bearing point (38) and the lower bearing point (42 ) is changeable. 18. Vehicle seat according to claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the desired end positions of the bearing points ( 36 , 38 , 40 and 42 ) of the flexible support part ( 22 ) via memory programming by means of a program control unit when occupying the vehicle seat by the vehicle occupant automatically are approachable. 19. Vehicle seat according to claim 18, characterized in that, in order to compensate for the H point shift, the vertical and longitudinal adjustment of the vehicle seat is coupled with the automatic approach to the end positions of the bearing point ( 36 , 38 , 40 and 42 ) of the flexible support part ( 22 ) is. 20. Vehicle seat according to claim 19, characterized in that the height and length adjustment of the vehicle seat is coupled to a presetting of the spring / damper elements ( 30 ). 21. Vehicle seat with a variable stiffness and a variable contour, wherein the vehicle seat has a seat part and a backrest, each with a cushion part, and at least one flexurally elastic support part is arranged within the seat part and the backrest, with which the hardness and / or contour of the cushion of the seat part and the backrest is changeable, characterized in that the seat part ( 10 ) consists of a seat base frame ( 16 ) and a seat upper frame ( 18 ), the seat upper frame ( 18 ) being a carrier of an upholstered part ( 20 ) and the upholstered part ( 20 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) and the cushion part ( 20 ) of the backrest ( 12 ) are each arranged on at least one flexible support part ( 22 ), the position and shape of which can be changed by at least one spring / damper unit, and on the seat base frame ( 16 ) in the front and rear area of the seat part ( 10 ), near its front and rear ends , Spring / damper elements ( 30 ) and pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units ( 32 ) are mounted on both sides, via which the seat frame ( 18 ) is arranged to be supported on the seat frame ( 16 ). 22. Vehicle seat according to claim 21, characterized in that the spring / damper unit for changing the position and shape of the flexible support part ( 22 ) is preferably controlled by a motor ( 24 ). 23. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the pyrotechnic piston-cylinder units ( 32 ) can each be activated in two opposite directions. 24. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the cushion parts ( 20 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) and the backrest ( 12 ) preferably have a leather cover. 25. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that in the cushion parts ( 20 ) of the seat part ( 10 ) and the backrest ( 12 ), for locally supporting the buttocks and back of the vehicle occupants, in each case additionally inflatable air cushions are incorporated. 26. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that a pressure mat for weight sensing is arranged on the seat of the seat part ( 10 ), with the data for automatic adjustment of the upholstery hardness and cushion contour of the seat of the seat part ( 10 ) and / or the leaning surface of the backrest ( 12 ) can be detected. 27. Vehicle seat according to claim 26, characterized in that the pressure mat for weight sensing can also be used for a device for seat occupancy detection, by means of which airbags can be controlled in accordance with the load on the seat part ( 10 ). 28. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the change in position and shape of the flexible support part ( 22 ) is coupled to the opening of at least one vehicle door. 29. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the spring / damper elements ( 30 ) can be controlled by means of a pre-crash sensor system such that the seat part ( 10 ) of the vehicle seat in the event of a front impact of the vehicle front area can be raised and lowered in its rear area and in the event of a rear-end collision it can be lowered in its front area and its rear area can be raised. 30. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the spring / damper elements ( 30 ) are adjustable in their identifiers and thereby the seating comfort can be matched to the chassis of the vehicle. 31. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the identifications of the spring / damper elements ( 30 ) can be automatically adjusted to the respective road condition and the respective driving speed of the vehicle by means of predictive road detection. 32. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the weight and the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle occupant in the x-direction of the vehicle can be determined via the spring / damper elements ( 30 ). 33. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that via the spring / damper elements ( 30 ), in connection with a pressure mat arranged on the seat of the seat part ( 10 ) for weight sensing, the weight and the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle occupant can be determined in the x direction of the vehicle. 34. Vehicle seat according to claims 1 or 21, characterized in that the pyrotechnic piston / cylinder units ( 32 ) can be controlled by means of a pre-crash sensor system such that the seat part ( 10 ) of the vehicle seat in the event of a front impact of the vehicle in its front area can be raised and lowered in its rear area and in the event of a rear impact it can be lowered in its front area and its rear area can be raised. 35. Vehicle seat according to claims 1, 2 and 21, characterized in that for driving the adjusting units of the bearing points ( 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 ) of the flexible support part ( 22 ) within the seat part ( 10 ) and within the backrest ( 12 ) In each case two motors ( 24 ) are arranged, with which the front bearing point ( 36 ) and rear bearing point ( 38 ) of the flexible support part ( 22 ) within the seat part ( 10 ) and the upper bearing point ( 40 ) and lower bearing point ( 42 ) of the flexible support part ( 22 ) can be moved within the backrest ( 12 ). 36. Vehicle seat according to claims 1, 2, 21 and 35, characterized in that the motors ( 24 ) are preferably electric motors.