DE10020680A1 - Color-giving multi-layer paint - Google Patents

Abstract

A chromophore multilayered lacquer coating for primed and non-primed substrates, containing the following elements superimposed in the following order: (A) at least one chromophore lacquer coating and (B) at least one clear lacquer coating, wherein at least one of the chromophore lacquer coatings (A) can be produced from at least one colorless or other colored reactive layer (A) by the introduction of energy or and/or diffusion of chromophore and/or potentially chromophore substances. The invention also relates to novel methods for the production of chromophore multilayered lacquer coatings.

Description

The present invention relates to a new multi-layer paint system. In addition, the present invention relates to new processes for the production of colorants Multi-layer paintwork. The present invention further relates to the use the new multi-layer paint systems and the new processes for their Production for coating primed and unprimed substrates such as Motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof, furniture, windows, doors, structures in the interior and outdoor areas, plastic parts, industrial components, including coils, containers and electrotechnical components, aircraft, surface and underwater ships or devices used in and used for shipping, such as buoys.

Color-giving multi-layer paintwork, one on top of the other, in the given order horizontal, at least one color coating and at least one clear coating contain, as well as processes for their preparation have long been known. Be exemplary to patent applications EP 0 089 497 A1, EP 0 256 540 A1, EP 0 260 447 A1, EP 0 297 576 A1, WO 96/12747, EP 0 523 610 A1, EP 0 228 003 A1, EP 0 397 806 A1, EP 0 574 417 A1, EP 0 531 510 A1, EP 0 581 211 A1, EP 0 708 788 A1, EP 0 593 454 A1, DE-A-43 28 092 A1, EP 0 299 148 A1, EP 0 394 737 A1, EP 0 590 484 A1, EP 0 234 362 A1, EP 0 234 361 A1, EP 0 543 817 A1, WO 95/14721, EP 0 521 928 A1, EP 0 522 420 A1, EP 0 522 419 A1, EP 0 649 865 A1, EP 0 536 712 A1, EP 0 596 460 A1, EP 0 596 461 A1, EP 0 584 818 A1, EP 0 669 356 A1, EP 0 634 431 A1, EP 0 678 536 A1, EP 0 354 261 A1, EP 0 424 705 A1, WO 97/49745, WO 97/49747, EP 0 401 565 A1 or EP 0 817 684, column 5, lines 31 to 45.

As is known, the colors and / or the optical effects are based on metallic effects or dichroic effects on organic and inorganic pigments used in the relevant coating materials and the color coatings of the known Multi-layer coatings form separate phases. These pigments have to be in often complex and difficult to reproduce grinding and mixing processes in the Coating materials are incorporated. Due to the different physicochemical properties of the pigments on the one hand and the Uses of the coating materials on the other hand must be unmanageable Variety of recipes and pigment pastes are available to everyone  Cover uses and meet all requirements. This is both technically and economically of great disadvantage.

The object of the present invention is a new multi-layer coating to provide which no longer has the disadvantages of the prior art, but in the most different colors in the most varied hues the basis of a few basic recipes - ideally based on a basic recipe - for the coating material can be produced. It was also the job of present invention, new processes for the production of multi-layer coatings To provide the new multi-layer coatings in a simple and safe way reproducible with the desired color in the desired shade.

Accordingly, the new multi-layer paint system for primed and unprimed substrates, containing, one above the other in the specified order,

• A) at least one color coating and
• B) at least one clear coat,

wherein at least one of the color coatings (A) consists of at least one colorless or different colored reactive layer (A) by input of energy and / or Diffusion of coloring and / or potentially coloring substances can be produced is.

In the following, the new multi-layer paint system is called "according to the invention Multi-layer painting ".

In addition, a new process for the preparation of the invention Multi-layer coating found that in the following as "inventive method" referred to as.

At least one color coating (A) is essential for the present invention. According to the invention, it is formed from at least one colorless or differently colored reactive Layer (A) produced. Layer (A) in turn is made of a colorless or  different colored reactive coating material (A) by application to a primed or unprimed substrate.

The thickness of the layer (A) and paint (A) to be used according to the invention can vary very widely and depends primarily on the opacity (cf. Römpp Lexicon of lacquers and printing inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, page 124, "Opacity") of the paint (A). Layer thicknesses of 1 to are preferred 200, preferably 2 to 150, particularly preferably 3 to 100, very particularly preferably 4 to 80 and in particular 5 to 60 microns applied.

In the context of the present invention, “colorless” is understood to mean the property that the layer (A) or the coating material (A) white clear and transparent, white matted and transparent or white and opaque or of a bright color, d. H. gray to dark gray, (see Römpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, page 590, "achromatic dot").

In the context of the present invention, the property is "different colored" understand that the layer (A) or the coating material (A) has a different basic color or has a different hue than the finished paint (A).

In the context of the invention, “reactive” is to be understood as the property that in the Layer (A) generally speaking chemical or physical processes take place can be triggered by the entry of energy or a concentration gradient can be. These chemical and physical processes are selected so that they provide the desired color of the coating (A) to be used according to the invention.

The energy is preferably generated by heat, electrical voltage, ultrasound or actinic radiation entered. This can be done under normal pressure or through increased pressure are supported. Above all, increased pressure can increase energy input support with heat, for example when layer (A) is heated under a press becomes.

Actinic radiation is electromagnetic radiation or corpuscular radiation. Microwaves, near infrared (NIR), visible light, UV radiation are preferred  or X-rays, but especially visible light and UV radiation, as electromagnetic radiation applied. Is preferred as corpuscular radiation Electron radiation used.

In the context of the present invention, the energy input for the respective form of energy customary and known devices such as radiant heaters, Air circulation ovens, voltage generators, ultrasonic transmitters, microwave transmitters, NIR emitters, Lamps, daylight, UV lamps, X-ray sources or electron beam generators be used.

However, the color can also be generated by physical processes such as diffusion. Here diffuses, driven by a concentration gradient, at least one coloring material from an adjacent layer, for example one removable, applied color film, in the layer (A). Or diffuse it potentially coloring substances in layer (A), where they form coloring compounds, such as this for example in color photography or instant photography happens. These physical processes can be increased by increasing the pressure, for example in a press, and / or through the entry of Energy are supported.

In the production of the coatings (A) essential to the invention, the above described procedural measures are combined with each other, such as diffusion accelerated by heat and pressure or exposure to UV radiation and electron beams or the simultaneous use of coloring and potentially coloring substances.

According to the invention, the form of energy and the method for its entry into the layer (A) on the material composition of the layer (A) and those running therein chemical and / or physical processes of color production coordinated. Another the determining parameter here is the stability of layer (A) with respect to the selected one Energy form. So much energy must not be introduced that the layer (A) irreversibly damaged and made unusable.  

For the production of the coloring paint (A) essential to the invention According to a first preferred variant, coating materials (A) and layers (A) used that are colorless and do not contain any potentially coloring material.

In a second preferred variant, it contains colorless or other colors Coating material (A) or the colorless or differently colored layer (A) at least one potentially coloring material.

In a third preferred variant, the differently colored coating material or different colored layer (A) at least one coloring substance and one potentially coloring fabric.

According to the invention, the coloring substance is a low molecular weight Compound, especially an organic dye. For use in the Coatings (A) to be used according to the invention come with all customary and known coatings Dyes considered, which are molecularly dispersed in the matrix of the coating (A) can be. Organic dyes which are lightfast and are preferred show no tendency to exude from the paint (A). Furthermore come organic dyes that are chemically d. H. via covalent or ionic Bonds, to oligomeric and polymeric components of the coating materials (A), the Have layers (A) or the coatings (A) bound or bound to them. This bound organic dye preferably have the same chromophores Groups such as the molecularly dispersed organic dyes.

In the case of the polymeric or oligomeric constituents of the coating materials (A), the Layers (A) or the coatings (A) are in particular binders for Varnishes (see Römpp Lexicon Varnishes and Printing Inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, pages 73 to 74, "binder").

The potentially coloring substances are preferably the precursors of organic dyes described above. Examples of suitable precursors are usual and known thermochromic, photochromic or electrochromic compounds, usual and known leuco compounds caused by reactions with acids or bases become colored, common and known dyes, by reactions with acids or  Bases show a color change in the sense of an indicator reaction, or compounds, the organic through coupling reactions, oxidation, reduction or decomposition Form dyes.

Because of the multitude of principles of coloring that can be used according to the invention the coating materials (A), the layers (A) and the paints (A) in to the most diverse uses and the various forms of energy and the associated procedural measures and Devices are adapted, which is a very special advantage of the invention Procedure is.

In addition to the components described above, the coating material (A) can contain at least one additive.

Examples of suitable additives are customary and known, oligomeric and polymeric, physically or thermally curable, linear and / or branched and / or block-like, comb-like and / or randomly constructed poly (meth) acrylates or acrylate copolymers, in particular the polyesters described in the patent specification DE 197 36 535 A1, in particular those in the patents DE 40 09 858 A1 or DE 44 37 535 A1 described, alkyds, acrylated polyesters, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, Epoxy resin-amine adducts, (meth) acrylate diols, partially saponified polyvinyl esters, Polyurethanes and acrylated polyurethanes, such as those in the patents EP 0 521 928 A1, EP 0 522 420 A1, EP 0 522 419 A1, EP 0 730 613 A1 or DE 44 37 535 A1 described, or polyureas or binders curable with actinic radiation, as described for example in German patent application DE 198 35 206.9 become. Preferably, those binders are chosen whose hardening mechanism is adapted to the mechanism of color generation, such as with actinic radiation curable binders and when irradiated with UV radiation to organic dyes reacting potentially coloring compounds.

Crosslinking agents are further examples of suitable additives. Examples of more suitable Crosslinking agents are aminoplast resins, such as those found in Römpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1998, page 29, »Aminoharze«, the textbook "Lackadditive" by Johan Bieleman, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, New York, 1998, pages 242  ff., the book "Paints, Coatings and Solvents", second completely revised edition, Edit. D. Stoye and W. Freitag, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, New York, 1998, pages 80 ff., The Patents US 4,710,542 A1 or EP-B-0 245 700 A1 and in the article by B. Singh and co-workers "Carbamylmethylated Melamines, Novel Crosslinkers for the Coatings Industry ", in Advanced Organic Coatings Science and Technology Series, 1991, Volume 13, pages 193 to 207, are described containing carboxyl groups Compounds or resins, as described, for example, in patent specification DE 196 52 813 A1 described compounds or resins containing epoxy groups, such as for example in the patents EP 0 299 420 A1, DE 22 14 650 B1, DE 27 49 576 B1, US 4,091,048 A1 or US 3,781,379 A1 are blocked Polyisocyanates, as described, for example, in the patents US 4,444,954 A1, DE 196 17 086 A1, DE 196 31 269 A1, EP 0 004 571 A1 or EP 0 582 051 A1 and / or tris (alkoxycarbonylamino) triazines, as described in the patents US 4,939,213 A1, US 5,084,541 A1, US 5,288,865 A1 or EP 0 604 922 A1 become.

Other examples of suitable additives are catalysts for the coloring Reactions, thermally curable reactive thinners or curable with actinic radiation Reactive thinner (see Römpp Lexicon Laclce and Druckfarben, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, pages 491), low-boiling organic solvents and / or high-boiling organic solvents ("long solvents"), water, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, Radical scavengers, thermolabile free radical initiators, photoinitiators, photosensitizers, Crosslinking catalysts, deaerating agents, slip additives, Polymerization inhibitors, defoamers, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adhesion promoters, Leveling agents, film-forming aids, rheology-controlling additives or Flame retardant. Further examples of suitable paint additives are given in the textbook "Lackadditive" by Johan Bieleman, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, New York, 1998, described.

The production of the coating materials (A) to be used according to the invention has no special features, but takes place in the usual and known manner Mixing the ingredients described above in suitable mixing units such as Stirred kettles, dissolvers, agitator mills, static mixers, gear rim dispersers  or extruder according to the for the production of the respective coating materials (A) appropriate procedures.

The coating materials (A) can be in a wide variety of forms. So can they be conventional, i.e. H. based on organic solvents Coating materials, aqueous, d. H. water-based coating materials, from Water and organic solvents are essentially free, powdered or liquid Coating materials, solid, powdery dispersed in aqueous media Coating materials or powder slurries or foils.

The application of the coating materials (A) also shows no methodological Peculiarities, but takes place with the help of the usual and known, the adapted physical forms of the coating materials (A) used in each case Methods and devices by electrostatic deposition, spraying, dipping, Rolling, pouring, trickling or film lamination.

The further processing of the resulting layers (A) in the context of the The method according to the invention depends in detail on its above described material composition, the ones described above Procedural measures are taken.

Apart from the color-generating processes, the layers (A) can still be cured physically or thermally and / or with actinic radiation. In the The coating materials (A) can be thermally crosslinked or self-crosslinking be cross-linking.

In the context of the present invention, the term "physical hardening" means the Hardening of a layer (A) by filming by release of solvent from the Coating material (A), the link within the coating via Loops are formed in the polymer molecules of the binders. Or the film adaptation takes place via the coalescence of binder particles (cf. Römpp Lexikon Lacke and Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, "Hardening", pages 274 and 275). No crosslinking agents are usually necessary for this. Possibly  can the physical hardening by atmospheric oxygen, heat or by radiation with actinic radiation are supported.

In the context of the present invention, the term “self-crosslinking” denotes the Property of a binder to undergo crosslinking reactions with itself. The prerequisite for this is that both types of complementary reactive functional groups are required for crosslinking are necessary. On the other hand, such coating materials Adhesives and sealants referred to, which is a type of complementary reactive functional groups in the binder, and the other type in a hardener or crosslinking agents are present. In addition, Römpp Lexikon Lacke and Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, "Hardening", pages 274 to 276, especially page 275, below.

The multi-coat paint system according to the invention contains at least one clear coat (B).

All customary and. Come as clearcoats (B) for producing the clearcoats (B) known one-component (1K), two-component (2K) or multi-component (3K, 4K) clear coats, powder clear coats, powder slurry clear coats or UV-curable clear coats in Consideration.

As a result, the curing mechanisms of the clear lacquer layers (B) can outstandingly the mechanisms of color generation in layer (A) and / or the Hardening mechanisms of layer (A) are tuned, which is another special one The advantage of the method according to the invention is.

Thermally curable one-component (1K) -, two-component (2K) - or Multi-component (3K, 4K) clearcoats are known from European patent applications DE 42 04 518 A1, 0 594 068 A1, 0 594 071 A1, 0 594 142 A1, 0 604 992 A1 or 0 596 460 A1 international patent applications WO 94/10211, WO 94/10212, WO 94/10213, WO 94/22969 or WO 92/22615 or the American patents US 5,474,811 A1, 5,356,669 A1 or 5,605,965 A1.  

One-component (1K) clearcoats are known to contain hydroxyl groups Binders and crosslinking agents such as blocked polyisocyanates, Tris (alkoxycarbonylamino) triazines and / or aminoplast resins. In another variant they contain polymers with pendant carbamate and / or Allophanate groups and carbamate and / or allophanate modified aminoplast resins as Crosslinking agents (see US Pat. Nos. 5,474,811 A1, 5,356,669 A1 or 5,605,965 A1, international patent applications WO 94/10211, WO 94/10212 or WO 94/10213 or the European patent applications EP 0 594 068 A1, 0 594 071 A1 or 0 594 142 A1).

Two-component (2K) or multi-component (3K, 4K) clearcoats contain as essential components known binders containing hydroxyl groups and Polyisocyanates as crosslinking agents, which are stored separately until used become.

Thermally curable powder clearcoats are, for example, from the German Patent application DE 42 22 194 A1, the product information from BASF Lacke + Farben AG, "Pulverlacke", 1990 or the company name of BASF Coatings AG "Powder coatings, powder coatings for industrial applications", January 2000, known.

Powder clearcoats are known to contain essential components binders containing epoxy groups and polycarboxylic acids as crosslinking agents.

Examples of suitable powder slurry clearcoats are from US Pat. No. 4,268,542 A1 and the patent applications DE 195 40 977 A1, DE 195 18 392 A1, DE 196 17 086 A1, DE-A-196 13 547, EP 0 652 264 A1, DE 196 18 657 A1, DE 196 52 813 A1, DE 196 17 086 A1 or DE 198 14 471 A1.

Powder slurry clear coats are known to contain powder clear coats in an aqueous Medium dispersed.

Clearcoats and powder clearcoats curable with actinic radiation, for example, run out European patent applications EP 0 928 800 A1, 0 636 669 A1, 0 410 242 A1, 0 783 534 A1, 0 650 978 A1, 0 650 979 A1, 0 650 985 A1, 0 540 884 A1, 0 568 967 A1,  0 054 505 A1 or 0 002 866 A1, German patent applications DE 197 09 467 A1, 42 03 278 A1, 33 16 593 A1, 38 36 370 A1, 24 36 186 A1 or 20 03 579 B1, den international patent applications WO 97/46549 or 99/14254 or the American US 5,824,373 A1, 4,675,234 A1, 4,634,602 A1, 4,424,252 A1, 4,208,313 A1, 4,163,810 A1, 4,129,488 A1, 4,064,161 A1 or 3,974,303 A1. Furthermore, coating materials are known which are thermal and actinic Radiation can be networked (cf. European patent application EP 0 844 286 A1).

The clearcoats (B) can still be modified with scratch-resistant, organically modified ones Ceramic layers are coated, the sol-gel clearcoats, for example are marketed under the brand ORMOCER®.

The clear coats are preferably used in the process according to the invention Applied using the methods described above.

The method according to the invention and the multi-layer coating according to the invention are used to coat primed and unprimed substrates. Examples Suitable substrates are motor vehicle bodies made of steel or aluminum or parts of these, furniture, windows, doors, buildings indoors and outdoors, plastic parts or industrial components, including coils, containers and electrical components, or Aircraft, surface and underwater ships or devices used in and for shipping used like buoys. Examples of suitable primers are Electrocoating, anodized metal surfaces, primer layers, fillers, Stone chip protection primers or adhesive layers.

To create very special optical effects, for example metallic effects and / or dichroic effects, the paintwork (A) and clearcoat (B) in the frame the multi-layer coating according to the invention with opaque or non-opaque effect basecoats, such as those mentioned in the introduction Patent applications are described, combined. In this case it takes over the coating (A) to be used according to the invention the function of the coloring and the base coat the function of the optical effects.  

In and of itself, the multi-layer coatings according to the invention can be in any Way. According to the invention, it is advantageous for them to produce methods according to the invention.

In a first preferred embodiment

• A) at least one colorless or differently colored reactive coating material (A) applied, whereby at least one colorless or differently colored reactive layer (A) results
• B) energy in the colorless or different colored reactive layer (s) (A) registered and / or at least one coloring and / or potentially coloring Allow fabric to diffuse into them, creating at least one color Painting (A) results, and
• C) at least one clear coat (B) on the outer surface of the color Paint (s) (A) applied, whereby at least one clear coat (B) results in what
• D) the clear lacquer layer (s) (B) hardened physically or by the introduction of energy will or will, resulting in at least one clear coat (B).

In a second preferred embodiment

• A) at least one colorless or differently colored reactive coating material (A) applied, whereby at least one colorless or differently colored reactive layer (A) results
• B) at least one clear coat (B) on the outer surface of the colorless (s) or different colored (n) reactive layer (s) (A) applied, whereby at least one Clear coat (B) results, and
• C) energy in the clear coat (s) (B) and energy in the colorless (s) or different colored (n) reactive layer (s) (A) entered and / or at least one  diffuse coloring and / or potentially coloring substance therein left, whereby at least one clear coat (B) and at least one coloring paint (A) result.

In a third preferred embodiment

• A) at least one colorless or differently colored reactive coating material (A) applied, whereby at least one colorless or differently colored reactive layer (A) results, and
• B) at least one clear coat (B) on the outer surface of the colorless (s) or different colored (n) reactive layer (s) (A) applied, whereby at least one Clear coat (B) results, after which one
• C) the clear coat (s) (B) physically hardens and at least one color and / or potentially coloring substance in the colorless or other colored can diffuse reactive layer (s) (A), whereby at least one Clear coating (B) and at least one color coating (A) result.

The process according to the invention is so variable that it is in an excellent manner substrates used in each case, in particular with regard to their thermal stability and chemical resistance, can be adjusted.

The resulting multicoat paint systems of the invention have one excellent overall impression and especially beautiful brilliant colors. It is a very special advantage of the multi-layer coating according to the invention that it on the one hand can be realized with the most diverse coating materials (A), that on the other hand after the selection of a certain material Basic composition (A), this is sufficient for almost all conceivable colors and Realize hues.

In addition, the multi-layer coating according to the invention and the The inventive method has the very special advantage that the energy input can be carried out imagewise, for example by simultaneous or successive  full exposure of layer (A) in the sense of a photographic process actinic radiation of different wavelengths or by exposure of the layer (A) through masks or stencils or with the help of laser beams, whereby here too the application of actinic radiation of different wavelengths different Colors and hues can be created side by side.

Claims (18)

1. Color-imparting multi-layer coating for primed and unprimed substrates, containing, lying one above the other in the specified order,

• A) at least one color coating and
• B) at least one clear coat,

characterized in that at least one of the coloring coatings (A) can be produced from at least one colorless or differently colored reactive layer (A) by introducing energy and / or diffusing in coloring and / or potentially coloring substances. 2. Process for the production of a color-giving multi-layer coating on a primed or unprimed substrate, comprising, lying one above the other in the stated order,

• A) at least one color coating and
• B) at least one clear coat,

by applying at least one color coating (A) and at least one clear coating (B), characterized in that

• A) at least one colorless or differently colored reactive coating material (A) is applied, resulting in at least one colorless or differently colored reactive layer (A),
• B) introduces energy into the colorless or differently colored reactive layer (s) (A) and / or allows at least one coloring and / or potentially coloring substance to diffuse into it, whereby at least one coloring coating (A ) results,
• C) at least one clear coat (B) is applied to the outer surface of the color coating (s) (A), resulting in at least one clear coat (B), and
• D) the clear lacquer layer (s) (B) hardens physically or by introducing energy, resulting in at least one clear lacquer (B).

3. A process for producing a multi-layer paint system on a primed or unprimed substrate, comprising, one above the other in the order given,

• A) at least one color coating and
• B) at least one clear coat,

by applying at least one color coating (A) and at least one clear coating (B), characterized in that

• A) at least one colorless or differently colored reactive coating material (A) is applied, resulting in at least one colorless or differently colored reactive layer (A),
• B) at least one clear lacquer (B) is applied to the outer surface of the colorless (s) or other colored (s) reactive layer (s) (A), resulting in at least one clear lacquer layer (B), and
• C) energy in the clear coat (s) (B) and energy in the colorless (s) or different colored (s) reactive (s) (A) and / or at least one coloring and / or potentially coloring substance therein can diffuse in, resulting in at least one clear coat (B) and at least one color coat (A).

4. A process for producing a multi-layer paint system on a primed or unprimed substrate, comprising, one above the other in the order given,

• A) at least one color coating and
• B) at least one clear coat,

by applying at least one color coating (A) and at least one clear coating (B), characterized in that

• A) at least one colorless or differently colored reactive coating material (A) is applied, resulting in at least one colorless or differently colored reactive layer (A),
• B) at least one clear lacquer (B) is applied to the outer surface of the colorless (s) or other colored (s) reactive layer (s) (A), resulting in at least one clear lacquer layer (B), and
• C) the clear lacquer layer (s) (B) physically hardens and at least one coloring and / or potentially coloring substance can diffuse into the colorless (s) or other colored (s) reactive layer (s) (A), whereby at least one Clear coating (B) and at least one color coating (A) result.

5. Multi-layer coating according to claim 1 and method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the energy through heat, electrical voltage, Ultrasound or actinic radiation is entered. 6. Multi-layer coating according to claim 1 or 5 and method according to claim 2 or 5, 3 or 5 or 4 or 5, characterized in that it is the actinic radiation around electromagnetic radiation or around Corpuscular radiation.   7. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1, 5 or 6 and method according to one of claims 2, 5 or 6, according to one of claims 3, 5 or 6 or according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it is in the electromagnetic radiation around microwaves, near infrared (NIR), visible Light, UV radiation or X-rays and around corpuscular radiation Electron radiation. 8. multi-layer coating and method according to claim 7, characterized in that you use UV radiation or visible light. 9. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 8 and method according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 8, according to one of claims 3 or 5 to 8 or according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the coloring coating (A) at least one molecularly dispersed and / or at least one oligomeric and / or polymeric component of the paint (A) contains bound, low molecular weight, coloring compound. 10. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 9 and method according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 9, according to one of claims 3 or 5 to 9 or according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the colorless reactive coating material (A) or the colorless reactive layer (A) none contains potentially coloring substance. 11. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 9 and method according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 9, according to one of claims 3 or 5 to 9 or according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the colorless or other colored reactive coating material (A) or the colorless or different colored reactive layer (A) at least one potentially coloring substance contains. 12. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 9 and method according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 9, according to one of claims 3 or 5 to 9 or according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the  different colored reactive coating material (A) or the different colored reactive Layer (A) at least one potentially coloring substance and at least one contains coloring material. 13. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1, 5 to 9 or 11 or 12 and Method according to one of claims 2, 5 to 9 or 11 or 12, according to one of the Claims 3, 5 to 9 or 11 or 12 or according to any one of claims 4 to 9 or 11 or 12, characterized in that the coloring low molecular weight Compound is an organic dye. 14. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1, 5 to 9 or 11 to 13 and Method according to one of claims 2, 5 to 9 or or 11 to 13, according to one of the Claims 3, 5 to 9 or 11 to 13 or according to one of claims 4 to 9 or 11 to 13, characterized in that the potentially coloring substances precursors of organic dyes. 15. Multi-layer coating and method according to claim 14, characterized in that the potentially coloring substances thermochromic, electrochromic or photochromic compounds, leuco compounds by reaction with acids or bases become colored, dyes that result from reactions with acids or bases show a color change in the sense of an indicator reaction, or compounds, the organic through coupling reactions, oxidation, reduction or decomposition Form dyes. 16. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 15 and method according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 15, according to one of claims 3 or 5 to 15 or according to one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that it is in the case of the oligomeric or polymeric components around binders for paints acts. 17. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 16 and method according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 16, according to one of claims 3 or 5 to 16 or according to one of claims 4 to 16, characterized in that the  colorless or other colored coating material (A) or the colorless or different colored layer (A) contains at least one additive. 18. Multi-layer coating according to one of claims 1 or 5 to 17 and method according to one of claims 2 or 5 to 17, according to one of claims 3 or 5 to 17 or according to one of claims 4 to 17, characterized in that it is in the primed and unprimed substrates around motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof, furniture, windows, doors, buildings inside and Outdoor areas, plastic parts or industrial components, including coils, containers and electrotechnical components, or aircraft, surface and underwater ships or equipment used in and for shipping, such as buoys, acts.