DE10000370B4 - Wind energy plant with a closed cooling circuit - Google Patents
Wind energy plant with a closed cooling circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10000370B4 DE10000370B4 DE10000370A DE10000370A DE10000370B4 DE 10000370 B4 DE10000370 B4 DE 10000370B4 DE 10000370 A DE10000370 A DE 10000370A DE 10000370 A DE10000370 A DE 10000370A DE 10000370 B4 DE10000370 B4 DE 10000370B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- tower
- air
- hose
- wind energy
- energy plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/10—Stators
- F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
- F05B2240/131—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines by means of vertical structures, i.e. chimneys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05B2260/205—Cooling fluid recirculation, i.e. after having cooled one or more components the cooling fluid is recovered and used elsewhere for other purposes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05B2260/64—Aeration, ventilation, dehumidification or moisture removal of closed spaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Windenergieanlage (1) mit einem Kühlkreislauf, bei welchem die aus dem Kühlkreislauf abzuführende Wärme über den Turm (3) der Windenergieanlage (1) abgegeben wird, wobei der Kühlkreislauf eine Luftleitung aufweist, welche als Schlauch (17) ausgebildet ist, in dem die durch einen Wärmeerzeuger erwärmte Luft vom unteren Teil des Turms oder vom Turmboden nach oben geführt wird, wo die Luft am Ausgang des Schlauches (17) in den Turm (3) austritt, so dass sie sich an der Turmwandung abkühlen kann und wieder zum unteren Teil des Turms oder zum Turmboden strömt.Wind turbine (1) with a cooling circuit, in which the from the cooling circuit dissipated Heat over the Tower (3) of the wind turbine (1) is discharged, wherein the cooling circuit has an air line, which is designed as a hose (17) is where in by a heat generator heated Air from the lower part of the tower or tower bottom is led upwards, where the air at the outlet of the hose (17) exits into the tower (3), so she can cool down on the tower wall and back to the bottom Part of the tower or tower bottom flows.
Description
Bei der Umformung von Energie entstehen regelmäßig Verluste in Form von Wärme. Dies gilt sowohl bei von der Umformung der kinetischen Energie des Windes in elektrische Energie im Generator einer Windenergieanlage, wobei sich diese Verluste regelmäßig im Hauptantriebsstrang der Windenergieanlage einstellen als auch bei der elektrischen Einspeisung der von der Windenergieanlage erzeugten Energie in ein Mitielspannungsnetz. Hierzu sind regelmäßig Einrichtungen der Leistungselektronik, beispielsweise Wechselrichter und/oder Transformatoren notwendig. Im Hauptantriebsstrang, welcher über eine Windenergieanlage in der Gondel der Windenergieanlage untergebracht ist, entstehen die Verluste maßgeblich im Getriebe, an den Lagern und im Generator oder an anderen Steuereinheiten wie z.B. in den Hydraulikanlagen oder ähnlichen Steuer- und Regelungseinheiten, mittels denen die Rotorblätter angestellt oder die Windenergieanlage zum Wind gestellt wird. Bei getriebelosen Windenergieanlagen, z.B. vom Typ E-66 der Firma Enercon, entstehen die Hauptverluste beim Hauptantriebsstrang im Generator, d.h. in der Gondel (Kopf) der Windenergieanlage.at The transformation of energy regularly generates losses in the form of heat. This applies both to the transformation of the kinetic energy of the wind in electrical energy in the generator of a wind turbine, wherein These losses occur regularly in the main drivetrain set the wind turbine as well as the electrical feed the energy generated by the wind turbine in a Mitielspannungsnetz. These are regular facilities the power electronics, such as inverters and / or Transformers necessary. In the main powertrain, which has a Wind turbine housed in the nacelle of the wind turbine is, the losses incurred significantly in the gearbox, on the bearings and in the generator or on other control units such as. in hydraulic systems or similar control units, by means of which the rotor blades are turned on or the wind turbine is turned to the wind. For gearless Wind turbines, e.g. of the type E-66 of the company Enercon the main losses in the main driveline in the generator, i. in the nacelle (head) of the wind turbine.
Bei der Netzeinspeisung entstehen maßgeblich die Verluste beim Netztransformator und ggf. in der Leistungselektronik, z.B. im Wechselrichter.at The grid feed-in is significantly responsible for the losses in the Mains transformer and possibly in the power electronics, e.g. in the inverter.
Bei einer 1,5 Megawatt Windenergieanlage können die Verluste durchaus im Bereich von 60 bis 100 kW liegen. Diese Verluste werden bislang über Lüfter an die Umgebung abgeführt. Dabei wird mittels der Lüfter kalte Luft von außen angesaugt und das entsprechende Bauteil, z.B. der Generator gekühlt. Die erwärmte Luft wird anschließend wieder nach außen geblasen.at A 1.5 megawatt wind turbine can make the losses ranging from 60 to 100 kW. So far, these losses have been caused by fans the environment dissipated. It is by means of the fan cold air from the outside sucked in and the corresponding component, e.g. the generator cooled. The heated Air will follow back out blown.
Es sind auch bereits Überlegungen darüber gemacht worden, den Generator mit Wasser zu kühlen und das dann erwärmte Wasser mit einem Wärmetauscher wieder herunterzukühlen. Alle diese bekannten Lösungen haben gemeinsam, dass stets sehr viel Luft von außen benötigt ist. Dies ist besonders nachteilig, wenn die Außenluft feucht oder – insbesondere in Küstenregionen – salzhaltig ist und die Kühlelemente mit dieser feuchten und salzhaltigen Luft beaufschlagt werden. Besonders extrem ist diese Problematik bei Windenergieanlagen, die direkt an der Küste oder – in der Offshore-Technik – im Salzwasser stehen.It are already considerations made about it to cool the generator with water and then heated water with a heat exchanger to cool down again. All these known solutions have in common that always a lot of air from the outside is needed. This is particularly disadvantageous when the outside air is humid or - in particular in coastal regions - salty is and the cooling elements be charged with this moist and salty air. Especially This problem is extreme with wind energy plants, which are directly at the coast or in offshore technology - in saltwater stand.
WO 99/30031 A1 zeigt eine Windenergieanlage, bei der der Generator durch eine im Turm erzeugte Kühlluftströmung gekühlt wird, wobei die Luftströmung basierend auf einer Kaminwirkung erfolgt.WHERE 99/30031 A1 shows a wind turbine in which the generator is cooled by a cooling air flow generated in the tower, being the airflow done based on a chimney effect.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die vorgenannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine Kühlung für eine Windenergieanlage vorzusehen, welche die Verluste der Windenergieanlage reduziert.It Object of the invention to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and a cooling for a wind turbine to provide, which reduces the losses of the wind turbine.
Die Aufgabe wird mit einer Windenergieanlage mit dem Merkmal nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.The Task is with a wind turbine with the feature of claim 1 solved. Advantageous developments are described in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Windenergieanlage mit einem Kühlkreislauf, wobei keine oder praktisch keine Außenluft für die Kühlung verwendet werden muss. Hierbei zirkuliert die Kühlluft innerhalb der Windenergieanlage vom Fuß der Windenergieanlage durch einen Schlauch nach oben, kühlt an der Turmwandung ab und strömt nach unten. Die von dem Kühlmedium, bevorzugt Luft, bei der Kühlung aufgenommene Energie wird über den Turm der Windenergieanlage abgegeben. Der Turm der Windenergieanlage ist stets dem Wind ausgesetzt, so dass der Turm der Windenergieanlage als Kühlelement oder Wärmetauscher dient und die aufgenommene Energie an den den Turm umstreichenden Wind abgibt.The The invention relates to a wind turbine with a cooling circuit, where no or virtually no outside air needs to be used for cooling. Here, the cooling air circulates inside the wind turbine from the bottom of the wind turbine a hose up, cool on the tower wall and flows downward. The of the cooling medium, preferably air, during cooling absorbed energy is transferred delivered the tower of the wind turbine. The tower of the wind turbine is always exposed to the wind, so the tower of the wind turbine as a cooling element or heat exchanger is used and the absorbed energy to the wind passing over the tower emits.
Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Konzeptes ist es, dass der Turm durch seine Funktion als Wärmetauscher und als tragendes Teil der Windenergieanlage auch bei sehr kalten Außentemperaturen von ca. –20° bis –30°C von innen her aufgeheizt wird. Dadurch kann die Windenergieanlage auch dann noch in Betrieb bleiben. Nach bisherigem Stand der Technik muss ein spezieller kältefester Stahl für sehr kalte Standorte wie z.B. Nord-Schweden, Norwegen, Finnland, Kanada usw. eingesetzt werden.One Another advantage of the inventive concept is that the tower by its function as a heat exchanger and as a bearing Part of the wind turbine even with very cold outside temperatures from about -20 ° to -30 ° C from the inside is heated up. This allows the wind turbine even then still in operation. According to the prior art must a special cold-resistant steel for very cold locations such as Northern Sweden, Norway, Finland, Canada etc. are used.
Es ist auch möglich, wenn dies wegen sehr niedriger Außentemperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes erwünscht ist, die Erwärmung der Rotorblätter mit an den Kühlkreislauf anzuschließen, so dass für die Erwärmung der Rotorblätter nicht eigens Energie aufgebracht werden muss.It is possible, too, if this is due to very low outdoor temperatures below the Freezing point desired is, the warming the rotor blades with to the cooling circuit to join, so for the warming the rotor blades energy does not have to be applied.
Die Kühlung des Kühlmediums durch den Turm erfolgt dadurch, dass die erwärmte Luft an der Turmwandung entlang strömt, damit sie ihre Energie zumindest teilweise an die Turmwandung abgeben kann.The cooling of the cooling medium through the tower is done by the heated air on the tower wall flows along so that they can at least partially deliver their energy to the tower wall.
Durch die Verwendung des Turms der Windenergieanlage, welcher meist aus Stahl gefertigt ist als Kühlelement bzw. Wärmetauscher, wird ein ohnehin vorhandenes Bauteil, welches jede Windenergieanlage benötigt, in einer vorteilhaften Funktion genutzt. Gewärmte Luft strömt innen im Stahlturm an dessen Außenwand. Diese Außenwand ist sehr großflächig, beispielsweise bei einer 1,5 Megawattanlage etwa 500 qm und bietet daher eine sehr große Aufheiz/Kühlfläche. Der den Turm umstreichende Wind kühlt diesen kontinuierlich ab.By using the tower of the wind turbine, which is usually made of steel as a cooling element or heat exchanger, an already existing component, which requires each wind turbine, used in an advantageous function. Warmed air flows inside the steel tower on the outside wall. This outer wall is very large, for example, at a 1.5 megawatts plant about 500 square meters and therefore offers a very large heating / cooling surface. The wind sweeping the tower cools it continuously.
Eine
Windenergieanlage verfügt über eine Generatorleistung
von 1,5 Megawatt. Die Windenergieanlage
Die Gondel nimmt den Hauptantriebsstrang der Windenergieanlage auf. Dieser Hauptantriebsstrang besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Rotor mit daran angebrachten Rotorblättern sowie einem mit dem Rotor verbundenen Generator, wel cher seinerseits einen Generatorläufer und einen Generatorstator aufweist. Dreht sich der Rotor und damit der Generatorläufer, wird elektrische Energie, beispielsweise als Wechselstrom (Gleichstrom) erzeugt.The Gondola picks up the main driveline of the wind turbine. This main drive train consists essentially of a rotor with attached rotor blades and a generator connected to the rotor, wel cher in turn a generator rotor and a generator stator. Rotates the rotor and thus the generator runner, becomes electrical energy, for example as alternating current (DC) generated.
Ferner
weist die Windenergieanlage einen Transformator
Der Kühlkreislauf ist somit geschlossen und es muss nicht notwendigerweise von außen her gekühlte Luft herangeführt werden.Of the Cooling circuit is thus closed and it does not necessarily have to be from the outside chilled Air brought in become.
Zur Kühlung aller Bauteile, insbesondere der empfindlichen Bauteile, der Windenergieanlage wird somit stets die gleiche Luft verwendet.to cooling all components, in particular the sensitive components of the wind turbine thus always the same air is used.
Falls notwendig, können selbstverständlich auch Luftfilter und weitere Kühleinrichtungen (z.B. Wärmetauscher) im Kühlkanal untergebracht werden, falls dies erwünscht ist.If necessary, can of course, too Air filters and other cooling devices (e.g., heat exchangers) in the cooling channel be accommodated if desired.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen darin, dass keine salzhaltige oder feuchte Luft die empfindlichen Komponenten wie Generator, Wechselrichter und Transformator berührt bzw. hiermit in Kontakt kommt. Innerhalb des Maschinenhauses und des Turmes ist die Korrosionsgefahr damit drastisch verringert. In der Windenergieanlage, insbesondere in dessen Turm kann sich keine Schimmel- oder Pilzbildung einstellen.The Advantages of the invention are that no salty or moist air the sensitive components such as generator, inverter and Touched transformer or comes into contact with it. Inside the machine house and of the tower, the risk of corrosion is drastically reduced. In the wind turbine, especially in its tower can be do not set any mold or fungus formation.
Insgesamt wird für die Kühlung der gesamten Windenergieanlage erheblich weniger Energie als bisher benötigt, da die (sekundäre) Kühlleistung außen am Turm vom Wind erbracht wird.All in all is for the cooling The entire wind turbine significantly less energy than before needed since the (secondary) Cooling capacity outside the tower supplied by the wind.
Durch
Ausbildung von Kühlkanälen in den Rotorblättern und
durch den Anschluss dieser Kühlkanäle an den
erfindungsgemäßen Kühlkreislauf
ist es auch möglich,
die von dem Generator erwärmte Luft
zunächst
in die Kühlkanäle der Rotorblätter einzuleiten,
so dass in der kalten Jahreszeit, insbesondere bei Temperaturen
um den Gefrierpunkt, die Rotorblätter
enteist werden können.
Die Aus bildung von Kühlkanälen in einem
Rotorblatt ist beispielsweise auch bekannt aus
Die Ausbildung der Kühlkanäle im Maschinenhaus erfolgt durch entsprechende Wandungen und Luftleiteinrichtungen, mittels denen die Luft so gelenkt wird, dass sie auf die Elemente, wie z.B. den Generator trifft.The Design of the cooling channels in the machine house takes place through appropriate walls and louvers, by means of which the air is directed to the elements such as. hits the generator.
Es sollte die Kühlleistung des Turmes – beispielsweise an sehr warmen Tagen – nicht ausreichen, ist es auch möglich, in den Kühlkreislauf weitere Kühlelement wie z.B. übliche Wärmetauscher einzuschließen.It should the cooling capacity of the tower - for example on very warm days - not it is also possible in the cooling circuit additional cooling element such as. usual heat exchangers include.
Die
mögliche
Kühlleistung
des Windes steigt mit ansteigender Windgeschwindigkeit an. Dieser Zusammenhang
ist in
Zur
Verbesserung der Kühlwirkung
der Gondel
Wie
erste Versuche zeigen, ist die Ausführung eines geschlossenen Kühlkreislaufs
unter Verwendung des in
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10000370A DE10000370B4 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2000-01-07 | Wind energy plant with a closed cooling circuit |
DK00925250.3T DK1200733T4 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
KR1020077005285A KR100769949B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
JP2001510728A JP3715238B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind power facility with closed cooling circuit |
CA002379161A CA2379161C (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
EP00925250A EP1200733B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
AU44032/00A AU758953B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
ES00925250T ES2204573T5 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind turbine with closed cooling circuit |
TR2002/00020T TR200200020T2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind power installation with a closed cold air circulation. |
PT00925250T PT1200733E (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | INSTALLATION OF WIND ENERGY PRODUCTION WITH A CLOSED REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT |
US10/031,043 US6676122B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
KR1020027000534A KR20020021156A (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
BR0012432-0A BR0012432A (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind power installation, and, use of a tower from a wind power installation |
DE50003844T DE50003844D1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | WIND ENERGY SYSTEM WITH A CLOSED COOLING CIRCUIT |
PCT/EP2000/003828 WO2001006121A1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
NZ516566A NZ516566A (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | Wind energy facility with a closed cooling circuit |
AT00925250T ATE250721T1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-04-27 | WIND TURBINE WITH A CLOSED COOLING CIRCUIT |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10000370A DE10000370B4 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2000-01-07 | Wind energy plant with a closed cooling circuit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10000370A1 DE10000370A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
DE10000370B4 true DE10000370B4 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
Family
ID=7626889
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10000370A Expired - Lifetime DE10000370B4 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-01-07 | Wind energy plant with a closed cooling circuit |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE10000370B4 (en) |
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