DD144525A5 - TRANSFORMABLE TANKER WITH DOUBLE OUTER SKIN - Google Patents

Description

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Berlin, 5 · 10 · 1979 AP B 23 Β / 213 847 35 564 27

Reversible tanker with double outer skin

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to the B _a u. of ships that can be used for several purposes ·

Characteristic of the known technical solution

The International Maritime Safety Committee (IMCO) lays down minimum depths for ballast-borne tankers. With a view to preventing the pollution of ships, MCO also makes special tanks for this purpose - separate from those for liquid cargo - in which seawater can be loaded, the so-called tanks for separate ballast (SBT). In severe weather conditions, some of the empty cargo tanks (GBT) can exceptionally be filled with seawater. In addition, IMCO TSPP 78 places the protected location of separate ballast tanks fe ₃ t (SBT / PIi).

The above specifications apply to crude oil transporters (CC) with an unladen weight of more than 20 000 t and product transporters with an unladen weight of more than 30 000 t.

Existing tankers, those over 20,000 t empty weight mainly, for example, product transporter (PO), raw. oil tanker (CC), very large crude oil tanker (VLCC) and .., esctrem. Large crude oil transports (ULGC) have divided their holds into two longitudinal and several transverse oil / watertight bulkheads. Longitudinal bulkheads are attached to the room .quarschif fs in approximately three

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To divide the same parts or to bring the middle part, which is B / 3 - B / 2, to a maximum of 3/5 width (B) · The distance between the transverse bulkheads is usually 0.1 It or less · When the distance greater than 0.1 L, (0.2 If is the allowed maximum), non-watertight transverse bulkheads are introduced in the middle of the tank, so-called wash plate bulkheads, to reduce the dynamic mass forces of the liquid in the tank. The resulting total number of center and side tanks is ten, two or more times · longitudinal and. Transverse bulkheads are designed to withstand the constant static and dynamic forces * Primary and secondary components are usually concentrated in the side tanks for the purpose of keeping the center tanks as free of the inhibiting structure as possible, thereby facilitating easier washing, cleaning and maintenance "However, it can not be prevented" that the strong and deep structure on the ground leave a large number of cells, from which the removal of liquid, dirt, etc. is virtually impossible. because of many deep ribs and stiffening structure in the side tanks, the possibility of washing and cleaning is even lower there,

New tankers are designed and built in accordance with IMCO regulations. Nevertheless, the construction of the loading surface (GA) remains essentially unchanged. This means that the cargo area is divided transversely by two longitudinal bulkheads into three ("peels") .These bulkheads are mainly used for stability.

Such constructions have several throat parts ". ^: '''"'.-""'- / :.''.' - - - .. - 3 -. '-

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.- 3 -.

Me stiffening structure on the ground, on the sides, on Beck and on the bulkheads makes washing and cleaning the seam difficult or impossible, as well as the complete unloading of the cargo and the cleaning of the floor tent

- the precautionary line of the protected location for separate ballast (SB (D / PL) along the whole loading area (OA) j

- The absence of the double floor (DB) make the

^; complete discharge of splendor and cleaning difficult or impossible, or is unfavorable in the case of creeping or damage;

- about 65 % of the full deck plating of the holds is in direct contact with either the sea or the air, resulting in a large heat exchange area, larger heating coils and increased energy consumption;

-the inflexibility of the constructioni: d. h., the ship is being built as a direct tanker, and in the case of

Lack of crude oil and produce can be difficult. or be unable to turn it into a ship for other purposes.

Goal, the invention °

The useful effect achieved by applying the invention in comparison to previously known solutions is to create a type of ship "which, in compliance with valid international design standards,

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requires less maintenance and cleaning on the wall.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a tanker, which can be converted according to the cargo to be transported and thereby meets the requirements for a low maintenance and cleaning costs, the safety and the stability of the hull structure Förde * ments under international regulations.

According to the invention, this object is achieved as follows. The DS Convertible Tanker presents itself as a double-hulled ship that spans the entire cargo bed. The resulting possibilities are used to load liquid ballast.

The DS Convertible Tanker consists of a cargo hold bounded below by a raised floor, to the sides by side rooms and up through Toppseitentaniks as well as the deck area located between the Toppseitentanks. The Toppseitentanks eι / iron an inclined by 30 ° to the horizontal surface, which connects to a cover carrier, which is connected to the Decksbeplattimg. The deck can be formed with or without buckle and with or without cover jump.

A further feature of the invention is that the said surface is connected directly to the deck at an angle of more than 30 °. The transitions of this surface to the inner skin on the one hand and to the deck on the other hand can be rounded.

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Furthermore, the deck area as a double deck with. be formed an inner stiffening structure.

A further feature of the invention is the arrangement of one or more double plate elements with internal stiffening structure. This ensures smooth tank cross-surfaces · These bulkheads allow an increase in the amount of ballast and also reduce the deflection of the hull in the loaded or ballast state.

Due to the arrangement of oil and watertight hatches with

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Welded hatch covers, a rapid conversion of the tanker can be done in a bulk carrier.

Another inventive feature is that the DS Convertible Tanker has underwater tanks (saddle tanks) with respect to the transverse bulkheads, which also serve to receive ballast. Similar tanks can be located on the inner floor. These tanks reduce the span of the bulkheads and thus their structure. At the same time, a better control, cleaning and maintenance of the tank rooms is possible. These tankers are also suitable in the formation of the tanker as a bulk carrier for the Lösiang the problem of trimming and the free surface. of the cereal *

In order to obtain smooth surfaces in the tank or in the hold, the mounting elements are placed on top of the deck and its corresponding elements on the bottom. However, it can also be mounted on the bottom of the longitudinal elements and on the top of the transverse elements or vice versa _e , ·, · '

y 1979 _ · '. AP B 23 B / 213 84?

Another '' feature of the invention ma passages in the arrangement of a lower deck tunnel iimerhalb the topside tanks for pipelines, Eabel \.

In this way, the requirements of MAEPÖL 73 are fully met. The requirements of SSEP 78 are also met in full and to the maximum extent.

The load compartment sidewalls are highly smooth, allowing for easy washing and cleaning. Horizontal surfaces, if present, are minimized, thus avoiding the accumulation of cargo residues and debris. The inner ground may be either horizontal or inclined. As a result, the liquid charge flows. at the lowest point together, and the cargo space can be completely cleaned over humming.

As needed, part of the deck can be separated between the side rails, the hatches can be capped, and the ship can be converted into iron bulk carriers or an OBO transporter.

Bs are only about 17 % of the total edge area of the cargo box without double outer skin. This refers to the \\ cover strip along the central axis, "the heat exchange is therefore substantially reduced" and energy and the heating system are saved.

If necessary, it is possible to design and build the DS Convertible Tanker from the beginning with hatches. "The hatches may be of conventional and suitable size, with hatch covers and oil / water-resistant cover plate, welded"". , ''. ''·.'' -7 -

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.7 -

To the top of the hatch covers and carefully stiffened. In the case of converting a DS Convertible Tanker to a BC or OBO ship, the deck plate inside the hatch covers will be cut out. D © r DS Convertible

Tankers, which would be designed and built from the beginning, would have a larger loading cubic content.

Based on the above explanations and following all the important IMOO regulations, it can be concluded that the DS Convertible Tanker "has distinct advantages compared to tankers whose holdings are conventionally constructed"

Execution sb e i spi el

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an exemplary embodiment. The accompanying drawings show in FIG. 1ί a cross section of the hull,

2i is a longitudinal section of the hull, Fig. 3 is a view of the main deck,

Fig _{β 4ί} a horizontal section through the cargo hold area. ·

The cargo space 1 of the DS Convertible Tanker is bounded below by the raised floor 2, to the sides by the side rooms 3 and upwards partly by the Toppseitentanks 4 and partly by the deck 10. »The loading space 1 is divided in its length into individual sections, their limits by valid BIGO regulations and / or

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given by special requirements established by the shipowner ·

The raised floor 2 is intended for liquid ballast (SBO?). The height specified by IMCO regulations does not exceed 2.00 m · The double bottom 2 consists of the inner bottom 5 t representing the bottom of the tank or the cargo space, the ship bottom 12 and the center longitudinal member 15. Ss can also have two or more such Along-

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be arranged carriers that form a corresponding number of tunnels for pipes, etc. in this way. The inner bottom 5 can be made horizontal or inclined from the sides to the central axis. For structural reasons, the horizontal construction is preferable.

In the region of the transition from the inner bottom 5 to the inner skin 7, which forms the side wall of the tank, the Kimniplatte 6 of the inner bottom 5 · In general, its generatrix will be rectilinear and inclined at 45 ° to the horizontal. In view of today's technological possibilities, it can also be part of a circle and thus offers an even higher rigidity of the hull.

The connection 16 between Kimmplatte 6 and the adjacent inner bottom 5 on the one hand and the inner skin 7 on the other hand may be an angular construction or a rounded construction.

The same transition area between ship's bottom 12 and the vertical skin skinning 11 is formed by the bilge 13,

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The side space 3 formed in the vertical area between the outer skin plating 11 and the inner skin 7 decreases. Tanks for separate ballast (SBT) on. It may be directly connected to the adjacent double bottom 2 and / or the top-side tanks 4 to form a SBT.

If the side room 3 is designed as an independent room, this will bring along with the advantages of somewhat expensive piping and accessories. The SBTs arranged in the double bottom 2, the side rooms 3 and the top-side tanks 4 extend over the entire length of the holds 1, as stated above. Nevertheless, their individual lengths correspond to the length of adjacent tanks or cargo spaces or, more usually is longer and extends over two or three tanks or holds. According to IMGO TSPP76, the width of side space 3 should not be less than 2.00 m.

The top-side tank 4 is formed by a part of the outer skin plating 11, the cover-limiting part 19, the surface 8 and the cover carrier 9. The size and shape of this space are of importance for the stability of the hull. The surface 8 presents itself as an inclined surface of the top-side tank 4. Generally, this surface 8 is inclined at 30 ° to the horizontal and thus corresponds to the natural angle of the grain cluster. The generatrix of this surface 8 is usually a straight line, but it may also be curved. In this case, the point of the connection 17 between the surface 8 and the Innenha.öt 7 would lower. »The connection 17 may be designed as an angular construction or as a rounded construction.

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The connecting link i4 is the connection between the Schergang and Decksstringer. It can be formed in an angular or rounded construction.

The cover carrier 9 extends over the entire length of the holds. Its height may vary between approximately 600 to 1200 mm and is dependent on the size of the ship. Exceptionally, it may be less than 1200 mm, whereas the height of less than 600 mm is not recommended, mainly for technical reasons. The distance between the cover beams 9 will be generally B / 2. By reducing it, the free surface effect is also reduced and vice versa. " By increasing this distance, the cargo space 1 is increased, and the Toppseitentank 4 is reduced accordingly. The width of the hatch would also depend on this distance in the middle of the transformation in a bulk carrier. The wider ships as well as those with a larger B / H ratio can absolutely and relatively have a greater distance of the decks 9. In each case, the designer will consider the optimal distance and select it, possibly in conjunction with the ship se igaer.

The connection 18 between the deck beam 9 and the surface 8 may be an angled construction or a rounded construction »Sie. Kazm be designed as a welded joint. Furthermore, the cover carrier 9 can also be flanged with the smaller or larger radius and extended beyond the surface 8. Finally, the surface 8 can be guided in a straight line to the Beck 10, whereby the cover carrier 9 is omitted *. In this embodiment, the inclination of the surface 8 srnr horizontal should be no greater than 30 ° mainly for technical reasons. · '. ·:' ·· ..:: '' ',' ·. - .11 - '

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The Beck 10 can be constructed and built as a completely flat surface, consistent with today's structural trend. It can also be constructed with vaulting and topping, either straight or curved. Depending on the size of the ship, the ratio between its main dimensions and the spacing of the deck beams 9, the primary and secondary stiffening structures of the deck 10 may be based on either the longitudinal or the transverse boom system. An extreme example of the DS Convertible Tanker would be one with a double deck. The inner deck would then shorten the distance between the deck beams 9. In this case, the distance between the outer and inner deck should not be less than 900 μm for reasons of construction technique, maintenance and accessibility. Finally, by introducing transverse double plate bulkheads, the ship would be obtained in which the perimeter walls of the tanks / hulls would all be smooth and ideal for convenient washing, cleaning and maintenance. However, apart from the advantages of doing so, this would make the construction more expensive and would entail some loss of loading cubic content. Nevertheless, the suitability of such designs will depend on the type of tanker and the goods. Here, too, it goes without saying that all stiffening structures should be placed between the plating, ie in the cofferdams created in such a way as was excellently done in rooms 2, 3 and 4.

The illustrated in Fig. 2 longitudinal section of a DS convertible en tanker type Aframax with 79 999 t empty weight shows the following subdivision of the hull from the aft ship to the forecastle. · - · ·. - · ..

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-12-

% · Achterpiek, SBT:

- Engine room.

- Accommodation deck & houses

- Tanks / Ship halls. ·

- raised floor, SBT, under the holds - ·

- High tank: for heavy fuel oil; It can also be accommodated in the pump room

- Vorpiek, SBT.

In the view on the main deck (FIG. 3), the part of the Beck 10 shown in dashed lines corresponds to the cover limiting part 19 of the deck 10 and thus includes SBT.

Fig. 4- shows mainly a horizontal section through the holds. The SBT can be clearly seen along the cargo tanks. Between the engine room and the tank no. 8, a cofferdam (SBT) and a main pump room can be set up according to the regulations of the Suez Canal; the latter when no emergency pumps were taken over. Only one tank on the ship instead of the conventional three also means a saving on pipes, pumps, etc ^.: "/;. ·;. ·.. - ..:.;."

Claims (4)

Km V % & τ »" Ψ Μ 5. 10. 1979 AP B 23 B / 213 - 13 / - .. '.' ! Brfindungsanspruch 1 * Convertible double skinned tanker with separate ballast tanks (SBT) and protected location of the separate ballast tanks (SBT / PL) along the full length of the holds, in accordance with IMCO MAEPOL 73 and TSPP 78 regulations; completely protected against damage and leakage of the lungs in case of breakage or recharge, with tanks having a high degree of smooth boundary walls, easy to wash, to clean and to maintain, characterized by a double floor (2 ), Side rooms (3) and above all top-side tanks (4), which have an inclined surface by approximately 30 ° to the horizontal (8), and to which a cover carrier (9), which is connected to the Deckbeplattung, and a deck ( 10), which is designed with or without buckle and with or without cover jump, are provided, .. .. .. -, - '. '.'. . , , / 2e Convertible, tanker according to item 1, characterized in that it has no support (9) but a surface inclined by more than 30 ° to the horizontal (8), which adjoins directly on the deck (10) * Convertible tanker according to item 1, characterized in that the ends of the surface (8) - d. h, at the junction with the inner skin (7) and the deck (10) - are rounded. 4. Convertible tanker according to points 1 to 3 »marked 5. 10. 1979 AP B 23 B / 213 net in that he has a double plate deck and an inner structure · Immovable tanker according to item 1 to 4, characterized in that it has one or more double plate bulkheads with inner stiffening joint, whereby even smooth Tankquerf be obtained laugh, which increases the ballast amount (SBT) - as it may be necessary - and the bending moment (keel drop) reduced in loaded or ballast condition (keel cove). 6 "convertible tanker according to items 1 to 5, characterized in that it is equipped with welded hatch covers and cover plate instead of the deck (10) with oil / watertight hatch, with individual hatches on each tank or a continuous suitcase is provided 7 · Convertible tanker according to item 1 to 6 in d _a through ₉ 'that he (SB) square for the ballast, trapezoid "shaped or concave lower deck tank (saddle tank) with respect to the transverse bulkheads, similar tanks on the inner bottom (5) The tanks reduce the span of the bulkheads and consequently their length. 8. Convertible tanker according to item 1 to 7t characterized in that the "stiffening elements on the top (weather side) of the deck (10) and its elements are arranged on the bottom. W 10. 1979 AP B 23 B / 213 9 · Convertible tanker according to item 1 to 7 characterized by t d _a that on the underside of the Längseientente - and on the outside of the cross members are attached, or vice versa " e Convertible tanker according to items 1 to 9 »characterized in that it is equipped with an under-cover tunnel inside the top-side tanks (4) for pipelines, cables and passages. For this: i2 sheet drawings