CS207660B2 - Fibrous band of material,method of making the same and device for executing the said method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a longitudinally creped paper web for use in the manufacture of filter rods. In order to improve the filtering capacity and resistance to flow therethrough without weakening filter plugs formed from the web in respect of resistance to radial crushing the longitudinally creped web is provided wth linear indentations transversely thereof which are sufficiently closely spaced one from the other longitudinally of the web to provide consistency in draw of short length sections cut from filter plugs made from the web. The invention also relates to the process and apparatus for forming such a filter web using co-operating spaced rollers for forming controlled linear compression zones extending transversely of the web, at least one of these two rollers being provided with ribs extending at least approximately axially of the roll. A drive to the two rollers is synchronized so that the surface speed of both the rollers is at the same speed as the speed of advance of the web being treated thereby. The treated web may either be formed into a roll or coil for storage and subsequent use or may be fed directly to a tow machine in which it is formed at once into filter plugs in the conventional manner. The invention also relates to filter plugs of which the filling comprises the gathered together material web.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a fibrous web of material, to a method for manufacturing the same, and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a paper web having longitudinally extending regions with a substantially fibrous structure and / or unconnected slit-like openings, wherein regions with denser structure and / or rib-like profiles lie between these regions, while maintaining consistency paper strip.

These strips of material, in particular paper strips, are already widely used for the manufacture of cigarette filters. They are mainly produced by the methods described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,931,748, 2,940,891, 2,995,481, 3,161,557, 3,179,024, 3,226,280 and 3,383,449.

Filters manufactured on conventional wrapping machines of this material are suitable for most purposes in terms of their suction resistance, which is proportional to their separating effect for unwanted components of tobacco smoke.

The mechanical strength of the filters is also sufficient. For some filters required by cigarette manufacturers, in order to provide the required substantially higher suction resistance, a paper web must be guided after drying between a pair of so-called grooved rollers which have pyramid-like tips on their surface and which again violate the denser regions with ribbed profiles.

Even higher pulping achieved in this way allows the desired higher suction resistance to be achieved, but at the same time it reduces the mechanical strength of these filters.

Another way of increasing the suction resistance of the paper webs described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,383,852 is that the groove rollers are replaced by a pair of smooth-grinded surface rollers which cause compression of mainly ribbed profiles, which in turn increases the suction resistance, but again at the cost of reduced meehealic strength filters.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide such a fibrous material web, in particular a paper web, and further to produce filters of the described embodiment which, on the one hand, have a significantly higher suction resistance and hence separating effect.

The object of the invention is essentially that the strip of material or the filter cartridge is provided with a pattern of closely formed straight notches that extend across at least a portion of the longitudinal regions, so that notches are formed in the ribbed profiles extending in the longitudinal direction. along in the longitudinal direction.

The method of manufacture of the fibrous web of maaerial according to the invention is characterized in that the web of maaerial, provided with longitudinally extending regions of different structure and its transversely extending transversal sections, is briefly pressed in time intervals, thereby at least in longitudinal regions of denser texture. and / or in the rib-like profiles, the successive notches form successive notches, but the successive notches remain longitudinally intact.

The apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention, which consists of two rollers provided with circular ribs for forming longitudinal blanks and of a support frame with two additional rollers whose axes are parallel to one another, is according to the invention in that the distance of the first additional roll The rollers of the second auxiliary roller arranged in parallel are precisely adjustable and at least one of the auxiliary rollers has protruding ribs on its surface which are arranged in a straight line pattern and run at least approximately parallel to the roller axis, the two additional rollers being provided with a drive the same peripheral velocities of the two additional rollers can be regulated together.

A novel and superior effect of the invention is that the fiber web of the material enables the manufacture of cigarette filters with increased suction resistance and hence a separating effect at an unchanged mmehanic strength.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of the paper web prior to entering the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 after leaving the apparatus in plane AA of FIGS. 1 and 2; FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-section of another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, Fig. 6 is a photographic image of one embodiment of a paper web according to the invention at scale 1.1; Fig. 7 is a photographic image of Fig. 6 enlarged at 8: 1 scale; 1 is an enlarged photograph of a filter made of the paper web of FIGS. 6 and 7, with a partially skimmed jacket; FIG. The dependence of the tensile resistance on the used width of the paper strip in the various filters is measured. FIG. 10 shows the depth of penetration when measuring the hardness of the various filters. Figures J to 15 show the surfaces of various embodiments of rollers in the apparatus according to the invention;

Fig. 17 shows a longitudinal section through one embodiment of the extrusion roll; Fig. 17 shows a front view of the embodiment of the extrusion roll of Fig. 16; Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a paper web manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention and its processing into filters; Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a paper web manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention; an embodiment of a device for producing a paper web according to the invention from a roll of starting paper and processing it into filters.

The essence of the method for producing a web of material according to the invention will first be explained by means of FIGS. 1 to 4.

It is believed that a paper web 10 of the known embodiment is provided, consisting of ribbed profiles 12 with a densified fibrous structure that extend parallel in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the movement direction 11, and between which are longitudinal regions with a substantially fibrous structure and a plurality of unconnected longitudinal gaps.

These paper strips, for example 15 to 30 cm wide, are already used in large quantities for the production of filters in so-called wrapping machines, in which the passing paper web is folded together in a transverse direction, wrapped with plain paper and shaped into an endless cylindrical blank. 8 mm, from which the filter rollers, for example 80 mm long, are formed by cutting. These filter rollers are conveyed to cigarette making machines, where they are further divided into filters, and attached by means of a so-called lip strip to a previously prepared column of tobacco in the package, so that filter cigarettes are formed.

In carrying out the method according to the invention, however, the paper web 10 is guided first into a device which, according to FIGS. 1 and 2, consists essentially of two rollers 13 and 14 arranged in parallel, the spacing of which can be adjusted.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the two rollers 13, 14 on their surfaces 15, 16 are provided with protruding ribs 17, 18 running parallel to the axes of the rollers 13, 14 and distributed uniformly over their circumferences.

Both rollers 13 and 14 have a suitable cross-section as well as protruding ribs 17, 18 and are jointly driven so as to rotate at the same peripheral speed.

The rollers 13, 14 are adjusted relative to each other such that in the gap between the rollers 12, 14, the faces of the protruding ribs 17 of the upper cylinder 13 are exactly opposite the faces of the protruding ribs 18 of the lower cylinder 14.

A paper web 10 is guided through this gap, and the distance between the rollers 13 and 14 is therefore adjusted so that the ribs 17 and 16 which are protruding against each other do not touch. A gap of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm must be maintained between the ribs 17 and 18 facing each other.

As shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2, on the paper web 10, particularly on the longitudinal rib profiles 12, when passing through the gap between the rollers 13 and 14, indentations 19 are formed in succession which extend across all longitudinal regions of the paper web 10 and in particular they form notches on the longitudinal rib profiles 12.

While before entering the gap between the rolls 13 and 14, the paper web 10 still has a cross-section shown schematically in Figure 3 when its total thickness between the upper and lower longitudinal rib profiles 12 is, for example, 0.8 mm, the paper web 10 after passing between the rollers 13 and 14 in the notches 19 are practically fully depressed as shown in FIG. 4 in section along the plane AA.

Of course, between the adjacent notches 19, the transverse profile of the paper web 10 is virtually unchanged and thus corresponds approximately to the profile of FIG. 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the rollers 13 and 14 have a diameter of approximately 180 mm and projecting ribs 17. the axes project above the surfaces 15, 16 of the rollers 13, 14 about 3 mm, and the distance between the centers of the adjacent projecting ribs 17, 18 is about 2 mm.

In order to guarantee the exact profiles of the rollers 13 and 14 after the machine manufacture, the rollers 13, 14 are ground on the surface, so that the width of the end faces of the projecting ribs 17 is about 0.2 mm.

In the exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2, it must be ensured that the faces of the protruding ribs 17 and 16 are exactly in each other in the gap between the rollers 13 and 14, requiring high precision in the production of the rollers 3, 14 and high accuracy. and settings.

In this respect, the preferred embodiment of the inventive paper strip manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is less demanding. In this embodiment, the upper roll is used. 13. on the surface 15 of which the ribs 17 of the same prooil protrude as in the embodiment of FIG. 1. Against this roller 13 with the protruding ribs 17, a roller 20 with a smoothly ground surface 21 is arranged.

The gap between the rollers 13 and 20, i.e. the gap between the projection of the protruding rib and the smooth surface 21 is also adjustable here and is preferably set to about 0.15 to 20.

0.2 mm. Notches 12 are also formed on the paper web 10 but are formed only by the upper roller 13 and its projecting ribs 17.

However, by properly adjusting the gap width of the rollers 13 and 20 to 0.15-0.2 mm, practically as good results can be obtained as the paper web 10 provided with the notches 19 at the same time on the upper and lower sides. .

As already mentioned, paper strips provided with ribbed prooils in the longitudinal direction are used for the manufacture of tobacco filter preforms, among which there are longitudinal strips with a plurality of non-adjacent slit-shaped openings.

Paper strips have been found to be particularly advantageous on which longitudinal ribbed profiles are spaced about 1 mm apart.

If on such a paper web using the device of FIG. 5 transverse to the longitudinal rib profiles, successive notches of succession are formed at a distance of 2 mm, the paper web of FIG. 6 is obtained, showing a photographic image of the paper web at scale 1: 1.

The photographic image clearly shows the non-adjacent holes extending in the longitudinal direction 11 and the longitudinal rib-like profiles extending therebetween and also transverse notches extending perpendicular to the longitudinal rib-like profiles 11, which extend transversely to the longitudinal rib-like profiles.

The resulting structure is even more evident in Fig. 7, where the photographic image of Fig. 6 is enlarged at a 6: 1 scale. In both of these shots, the white paper web was placed on a black background and photographed under illumination from above, so the black areas represent openings on the highly fibrous paper web.

However, the paper web, despite its highly fibrous structure required for efficient film-making, has considerable strength in the longitudinal direction 11, which is necessary for its processing into filter blanks in a winder.

Despite mmnožtví nesouuvieeících longitudinal slots is assured consistency paper ^h o ^{p p} Asa in river direction ^{kt ER} is equal ^EZ ЗД1е21Ы of M ^ likewise zpěčování to svinovam ^ * machines.

However, it should be noted that the paper web of FIGS. 6 and 7, in spite of the considerable flexibility required to achieve a good film effect, has a stable structure which is retained even after deliberately crushing in the transverse direction. at the entrance to the wrapping machine for the production of filter blanks.

This can be seen, for example, in FIG. 6, in which a photograph of a filter blank made from a paper web according to the invention is enlarged in a 6.5: 1 town. 6 and 7, wherein the outer casing of the 6 mm diameter cylindrical filter blank is cut to show the filling structure.

Although the paper web is intentionally irregularly plunged transversely to the longitudinal direction, there are visible longitudinally extending regions with a substantially fibrous structure and unrelated slit-like openings.

In addition, successive notches are provided in the cartridge in the axial direction, one after the other, extending longitudinally and transversely to the longitudinal regions. These notches, when using a cigarette filter of this embodiment, form transverse joints between the individual longitudinally extending channels. for the passage of smoke.

At the same time, however, due to the walls of these notches, the flow of smoke flows into the individual longitudinal channels, thereby increasing the so-called suction resistance of the filter, which is advantageous, as will be explained below.

In addition to this desirable increase in suction resistance, the notches cause the paper web to become stiffened in the transverse direction due to the compression of the ribbed profiles 12 running in the longitudinal direction, as shown schematically in FIG. 4.

This transverse reinforcement is also desirable since it does not exert a certain radical outward pressure in the filter cartridge, so that it increases the mechanical strength of the filter against squeezing from the outside.

It should be noted that the paper web treated by the process of the invention represents technical progress in terms of suction resistance available on filters. It should be appreciated that within a given range of suction resistances, an increase in suction resistance is equivalent to an increase in the retention properties of the filters, and hence the removal of unwanted tobacco smoke components.

Examples:

The following measurements were performed on filter blanks, all of which were made from grooved paper and pulled in the longitudinal direction. The starting material was plain paper produced on machines at a speed of approximately 150 to 200 m / min. The suction resistance of the filter blanks was measured by a conventional measuring set whose description is unnecessary, since only the ratio of the measurement results is important here.

ExampleAaB

So-called lightly creped paper strips were produced from starting paper having a specific gravity of 31 g / m 2 and various widths, from which a semi-finished filter having a diameter of 8.0 mm and a length of 84 mm was manufactured on a conventional machine.

The suction resistance (in mm water column) of 100 of these blanks was measured and the average value was plotted against the width of the initial paper used in the graph of FIG. 9. In the case of curve A, the paper strips were stretched according to FIG. however, the gap between the rollers 13 and 20 was set so wide that the ribs 17 of the paper web did not touch.

In the case of the curve V, on the other hand, the gap between the ribs 17 of the roller 13 and the roller 20 has been reduced to approximately 0.15 mm, so that notches extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the paper web have been formed. However, the setting of the machine in terms of speed, crepe depth and the like has remained unchanged.

Examples C and D

Paper strips made of starting paper with a specific gravity of approximately g / m ² and of different widths were used here. On the strips, the maximum possible ribbed profiles were formed, between which there were markedly pulled longitudinal regions.

б

Paper bands were used to produce filter blanks with a diameter of 8.1 mm and a length of 66 mm. The average value calculated from measurements on 100 pieces of filter blanks was plotted in FIG. Curve C shows the dependence of suction resistance on the width of the starting paper in the case of filter blanks made of paper strips without squeezed notches.

Curve D, on the other hand, describes this dependence when notches have been produced on the paper webs according to the invention.

It is apparent from the comparison of the curves A and V that the treatment of the paper web by the method of the invention in the apparatus of FIG.

The increase in suction resistance compared to curve A is approximately 60%. Thus, in the case of filter blanks for which curve B applies, retention for undesirable smoke constituents can be expected after their division into cigarette filters, which is approximately 60% higher than for filter blanks or filters to which curve A applies.

The advantages of the paper strips treated according to the invention can also be demonstrated from the distance of the curves A and V in the horizontal direction. For example, if it is desired to produce filter blanks having a suction resistance of approximately 135 mm water column, then, according to curve A, a starting paper of approximately 220 mm width is required.

On the other hand, when using the method according to the invention (curve B), it is sufficient to use a starting paper of approximately 190 mm width to achieve the same suction resistance of the filter blanks.

A saving of 30 mm of the width of the starting paper, i.e. approximately 13% of the current consumption, results in a noticeable reduction in these filter blanks, since their cost is largely determined by the consumption of the starting paper.

The comparison of the curves A and V thus shows the high convenience of the paper strips treated according to the invention for the production of filter blanks having a diameter of 8 mm, a length of 84 mm and a relatively low suction resistance.

These preforms are used in large quantities for the manufacture of filter cigarettes. However, the paper webs processed by the process of the invention can also be advantageously used to produce substantially more demanding filter blanks, as can be seen from the curves C and D in the graph of FIG. 9.

Curves C and D describe the properties of the 8.1 mm diameter and 66 mm length of the filter blanks for which, despite the smaller length, a substantially higher suction resistance of approximately 150 mm water column is required compared to the 8.0 x 84 mm filter blanks. . Consequently, paper webs with deeper grooves and with the greatest possible spinning must be used in order to achieve the desired suction resistance in the case of curve C without using the method according to the invention.

If, however, transverse notches are formed on the paper webs for the filter blanks of curve C according to the invention, suction resistances according to curve D are achieved.

♦

The increase in suction resistance compared to curve C here is approximately 100%, which is considerably higher than in the case of curves A and B described above, which naturally results from the fact that in the strongly embossed ribbed profiles in the longitudinally grooved paper web, compared to the slightly longitudinally grooved paper strips of Examples A and B, more pronounced the effect of transverse notches.

Using the process according to the invention, starting paper o is sufficient to produce fillet blanks having a suction resistance of approximately 150 mm water column. a width of only approximately 200 mm (resulting from the dashed extension of curve D), whereas according to curve C, a width of approximately 270 mm has so far been required.

The default paper saving here is approximately 26%, twice the savings achieved in the case. described by curves A and B.

In all measures to increase the suction resistance of the fillet blanks, it is important that their mmcheanic strength is not undesirably reduced by the radial pressure directed perpendicularly to the axis of the blanks. The mechanical strength or hardness may be measured by commercially-available devices, as described for example in J. Flesselles pubikaci Bitrage zur Taba) dřsrschjmg ^и (Contributions to the research in the field of tobacco), pp. 528-538, Volume 8, Vol. 3, 1966. There is no need for further clarification, since only the comparison of the different values of the so-called depth of penetration of the loaded butcher pushing in the radial direction onto the filter blank is essential.

In the graph of FIG. 10, the penetration depth of the filter blanks according to Examples C and D is plotted. This penetration depth is the smaller the harder the workpiece load is. As a result, for the filter preforms of Example C made of 280 mm starting paper, the penetration depth is less than that of the 250 mm starting paper.

For further processing of the filter blanks, a hardness corresponding to a penetration depth of less than about 0.4 mm is acceptable at a permissible level. It can be seen from FIG. 10 that, in the case of E, that is to say the use of a paper web treated according to the invention, the penetration depth practically does not change, although it has already been. as indicated, the 'suction' resistance of these filter blanks increases by approximately 100% compared to the filter blanks of Example C.

Notches running! perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the filter, especially in the longitudinal ribs of the paper web, appears to increase the stiffness of the cartridge in the radial direction.

The advantage of unchanged hardness at the increased suction resistance that is achieved with filter blanks made from paper webs treated by the process of the invention is particularly evident when compared to the unfavorable reduction in hardness of the blanks manufactured using prior art suction resistance measures.

In Fig. 9, these hardness measurements, taken from the same test conditions as in cases C and D, are omitted as E, F, G. Measurements were made on 8.1 mm diameter filter cartridges of 66 mm in length, which were made from paper strips with significant creping (maximum possible creasing) made from paper strips of 290 mm wide.

Examples:

Hardness measurement

Without additional measures to increase the suction resistance, the filter blanks of Fig. 10 have expelled a suction resistance of 120 to 130 mm water column and a penetration depth in the range of 0.19 to 0.27 mm.

Hardness measurement F

The longitudinally grooved paper strip, identical to the paper strip of Example E, was subsequently, after longitudinal grooving, guided through a so-called creasing step, where it passed between two squeezing rollers which rotate about horizontal axes and the surfaces of which are formed by dense grooves formed by a plurality of pyramidal protrusions.

This creasing step, which is described in more detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,995,481 and 3,179,024, is a known means for further pulping a paper web and for increasing the suction resistance of filter blanks made from the paper web.

In this way it is also possible to produce filter blanks having a suction resistance of approximately 180 to 200 mm water column, but their hardness decreases to a value corresponding to a penetration depth of approximately 0.55 to 0.70 mm, as can be seen from Example F in Fig. 10.

This softness of the preforms made of such grooved paper strips proves to be a drawback in their further processing, but no other method leading to the desired increase in suction resistance has been found so far.

Hardness G measurement:

The longitudinally grooved paper web described in Example E was additionally guided in the dry state between two smooth rollers that rotate about parallel horizontal axes and are spaced 0.1 to 0.2 mm apart. This die apparatus is already known in US patent no. ³ 3 ⁸³ 85 ² serves JDO ^p rost re e ^{d to} increase a sac ^¹H resistance of the filter rods in ^y * disburse the thus flattened paper webs.

Paper bands treated according to the method of Example G can be used to produce filter blanks having a suction resistance of 190 to 210 mm water column, but with a significantly reduced hardness, the value of which corresponds to a penetration depth of 0.84 to 1.04 mm according to FIG. Semi-finished filters with such poor mmchenic hardness values are hardly usable for further processing.

The method according to the invention thus represents the only possibility of modifying the structure of the paper strips with closely adjacent longitudinally extending regions with a markedly fibrous or weakened structure and ribbed profiles extending therebetween so as to achieve, on the one hand, a substantial increase in suction resistance of the filter blanks made therefrom paper strip, and on the other hand, in order to avoid virtually no or only slight and to be reduced, the hardness of these blanks is reduced.

The above-described paper webs of Examples B and D and the paper webs described in connection with FIGS. 6 and 7 were processed by the method of the invention in the adjustment of FIG. 5.

There was used a roller 13 provided with on its surface 15 projecting ribs 17 running parallel to the axis along the entire length of the roller 13.

The surface of the roll 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 11. However, for the method of the invention and to achieve the described advantages of the paper webs thus produced, it is not necessary that the ribs run continuously over the entire length of the roll. If necessary, a cylinder according to FIG. 12, on which the ribs are interrupted, can be used without harm.

’*

However, it is necessary that these interruptions of the individual ribs are not all located in the wall, but that the gaps overlap each other, thereby achieving the necessary homogeneity of the paper web in terms of notches extending transversely to the longitudinal ribs.

In the case of the extrusion rolls of FIGS. 11 and 12, the ribs are generally parallel to the axis 22. However, this parallelism is not necessarily necessary to achieve the desired effect, but is sufficient if the ribs are only approximately parallel to the roller axis 22 so that 13 can also be used, the ribs of which measure the shape of the wavy lines.

In all embodiments of these extrusion rollers, however, it is essential that the direction of the ribs deviate relatively little from the roller axis 22, since it is important that the straight notches in the ribbed profiles extending in the longitudinal direction are oriented transversely to these longitudinal regions. these notches, after the paper web has been rolled into a cylindrical filter blank, allow a certain stiffness of the cartridge to be achieved in the radial direction, preventing the mecheability of these preforms from changing.

In the construction of the extruder rollers for carrying out the method according to the invention, it is important to:. The longitudinally grooved paper web with the transversely extending notches allows the production of a homogeneous filling of the filter blanks, or the filters themselves, produced by further subdividing the blanks.

This homogeneity is important because for some purposes, for example for the production of so-called double or triple filters, the blanks are only 5 to 6 mm long, and even these short pieces of filters must be made homogeneous.

This requirement requires that the straight notches extruded across the paper web are disposed relatively close in the axial direction, so that at least two or more notches are present even in the short filter sections described.

A mutual axial distance of successive notches of 1.5 to 2 mm has proved to be suitable, with at least two to three of these transverse notches even in the short filter section of only 5 to 6 mm.

T.

If the spacing between successive notches is greater than 2 mm, as shown in FIG. 8, there could be only one or two notches in the short 6 mm filter piece, which could have This results in considerable variation in the suction resistance values of the individual filter pieces.

The profile of the individual ribs 17 of the embossing roll is also suitable to be relatively narrow so that the front surfaces of these ribs 17, even after the embossing roll 13 has worn, do not have a width greater than about 0.2 to 0.3 mm.

In this way, it is ensured that the transversely extending indentations have a width in the axial direction of the filter blank that is small compared to the distance of two successive indentations, as can be seen partially in FIG. 8.

1 and 5, the ribs 17 and 13, respectively, are shown with flat and sharp edges. This embodiment is advantageous in that it allows the finished extrusion cylinder to be abraded coaxially on its surface prior to incorporation into the extrusion stage, thereby ensuring that, when the method according to the invention is carried out, the rib faces are maintained between opposing rib faces. 1 * 7. 18, or between the end faces of the ribs 17 and the opposite cylindrical surface 21, a desired distance of 0.15 to 0.2 mm. .

If the deviation from the circular cross-section exceeds 0.01 mm even in only one of the rolls, the spacing between the rolls would result in very deep indentations in the paper strip as the rolls rotate, resulting in corresponding differences in suction resistance values of filter blanks made from these paper strips.

In practice, the coalescence of the two co-operating rolls in the extrusion stage can be checked by first forming a corresponding longitudinal groove on the thin metal foil or on the metallized paper web, and then the foils or web are then stretched through the two co-operating rollers. The surface of the strips of these ma- terials clearly shows a notch pattern, the uniformity of which can be easily checked.

In carrying out the method according to the invention, the rollers provided with ribs on their surface can be produced, for example, so that the desired pattern of ribs is milled in the surface of the smooth roller. However, the extrusion rollers must be replaced during wear and after repeated surface abrasion. since the width of the rib faces increases with each grinding.

For this reason, the embodiment of the embossing rollers according to FIGS. 16 and 17 has proven to be suitable. The embossing roll consists here of a thick-gauge tube 23 onto which the individual rings 24 are pushed and secured against displacement in the axial direction 22 by stop rings 25 arranged at both ends of the support tube. 23 · ..

The individual rings 24 are provided with the desired rib pattern on their circumference and can be replaced relatively easily after wear without having to replace the bearing tube 23 with their bearings. However, the die cylinder of Figs. 16 and 17 is only suitable for the extrusion stage of Figs. 5, wherein the extruder co-operates with a smooth-surface cylinder. In this case, it is irrelevant whether the surface pattern of the adjacent rings 24 is contiguous or displaced.

The press rolls provided with these embossing rings 24 must, of course, be ground on the surface after assembly. To secure the individual rings 24 to rotate relative to one another, the axial pins fit into the corresponding holes in the facing walls of the rings 24 are sufficient.

The embossing rings 24 can be manufactured without difficulty on conventional machine tools, and the embossing roll in the embodiment of FIGS. 16 and 17 is less expensive to manufacture and operate than a one-piece embossing roll.

The extrusion stage for carrying out the method of the invention may advantageously be provided with heating of the extrusion rolls, as will be described hereinafter.

16 and 17, for this purpose, the support tubes 23 are parallel to the cylindrical axis 22 in the housing of the support tube. . grooves 26 for receiving the electric heating rods 27.

These heating rods 22 are in operation connected to a power source, preferably controllable, by means of sliding rings and standing brushes. If necessary, the heating of the support cylinder can be carried out in such a way that electrical heating elements are arranged in the interior of the support tube 23.

The power supply to these heating elements can be guided by a hollow rotary shaft of the extrusion cylinder. This internal heating can also be done differently, for example by hot steam or gas. By means of the method according to the invention, the properties of the fibrous webs of materials, in particular paper webs, consisting of regions with a substantially fibrous structure and / or mutually adjacent openings, which are regions with a denser structure and / or ribbed prooilt, can be substantially improved. .

The filter blanks made from these bands have a selection of properties. The paper strips of this kind are wound into coils of approximately 90 cm in diameter and an eetimal width of 30 co, and are supplied to filter plants or cigarette manufacturers where they serve. for the production of semi-finished filters. In order to improve the properties of the coil wound on these coils, the apparatus shown in Figures 18 and 19 can be used according to the invention.

1

In the apparatus shown schematically in FIG. 18, the longitudinally grooved paper web 31 to be processed is unwound from the roll 30 and stretched before entering the alignment stage 34 by the apparatus 25.

This device 33 serves to adjust the condition of the paper web 31, i.e., to reduce paper moisture when the water content is too high, or to lightly moisten the paper web 21 when it is too dry.

Since the coils 30 have a high water content in the paper in cases such as shipping or storage in a tropical environment, due to the moisture content of the paper, it is in many cases useful to use a drying device 23.

Thereafter, it may also be desirable to heat the co-operating rolls 25 and 36 of the extrusion stage 34 described above. In many cases, however, it has been shown that long-term storage of the coils 30 in a dry storage area causes excessive drying of the paper web 21, so that it is expedient to moisten the paper web 31 when passing through the device 33, for example by spraying water or other water. in a known way.

The embossing stage 34 comprises two co-operating rollers 35 and 26, one of which, for example, the roller 35 serves as an embossing roller and has ribs on its surface, while the roller 36 has a smooth cylindrical surface.

The embossing stage 34 is designed such that the distance between the rollers 35 and 36 can be precisely and reproducibly adjusted, for example, so that the bearings of the roller 35 are supported in the slide guides in the support frame of the embossing stage 34 and can be moved upwards by a fine threaded screw. or lowered.

The two rollers 25, 36 are actuated together by the drive 37 so that the peripheral speed of the roller 36 is exactly the same as the peripheral speed of the rib faces on the roller 35. The drive 37 may be adjustable to adjust the desired feed speed of the paper web. In the case of the paper webs described in Examples A to D, the paper web passage speed can be set up to 250 m / min.

If necessary, this speed can be increased up to over 400 m / min. In these cases, it may be advantageous to provide the coil shaft 30 with a braking device, as is conventional in the paper industry.

The paper strip starting from the stakeout stage 22, which is now provided with a dense pattern of straight notches extending across at least a portion of the longitudinal grease so that the longitudinally extending notches are formed mainly in the longitudinally extending ribbed profiles, is guided further into the winder 25. wherein a coil 40 is wound into the passage around the deflection pulley 39 in the direction of the arrow.

The non-actuator 38 is connected by a shaft 41 to the drive 37 and may be of conventional construction, so that a closer description thereof is unnecessary. An advantage of the paper web 21 resulting from the alignment step 22, i.e. the paper web treated by the process of the invention, is that the embossed pattern does not cause a reduction but rather an increase in the market strength of the paper web in both longitudinal and transverse directions.

The paper web thus treated can therefore be wound up without any need to be wound at high speed in a coil 20 which is collected when it is delivered and further processed there in the same manner as described for coil 20 *.

In the apparatus shown schematically in FIG. 19, the paper web 31 is again fed as described to the alignment stage 22, but which is provided here with an electronically controlled drive 41.

The paper web 21 emerging from the extrusion stage 34 is first guided via the deflection pulley 52 to the tension gauge 43, from where it is fed directly to the inlet throat 44 of the coiling machine 32 of conventional construction, where the blanks are manufactured directly. In the tension meter 43, which is only schematically indicated, the longitudinal tension of the running paper web is controlled in a known manner, using a weight lever provided with deflection rollers at the ends which can rotate more or less in the direction indicated by the paper web running along the deflection rollers. Arrow.

These devices are well known and do not need any detailed description. Depending on the degree of instantaneous rotation of said weight lever, an electrical control signal is transmitted from the tension meter 43 via line 46, which in the drive 41 of the embossing stage 34 changes the speed of the flashing speed until the paper speed 31 passes the input speed of the wrapping machine.

For example, the drive of the wrapping machine 45 is coupled to a tachogenerator, the electrical signal of which is conducted via line 47 to the drive 54, where the signal is compared to a signal from the same tachogenerator connected to the dial stage 34.

These electronically controlled drives are generally known and do not require any further description. With the signals from the lines 46 and 47 and the tension meter 43, it is ensured that the embossing stage 34 and the wrapping machine 45 operate synchronously so that the paper web 31 passes through the embossing stage 34 and the wrapping machine 45 at a constant speed and uniformly stretched in the longitudinal direction.

It should be noted that, when using a commercial wrapping machine 45, the paper web 21 is completely unregulated in the transverse direction into a cylindrical strand when it enters the throat 44, which, after wrapping the paper web, is divided into filter blanks.

Through this random shaping each blank very filtiu homogeenní cartridge, as shown e.g. in FIG. 8, which shows a filter rod produced in the coiling machine at speeds of ^paper-PAs are over ²⁰⁰ m / min ^"1

As a result of this homogeneity of the fill, the filter blanks incur only a very small dispersion of the suction resistance values and, after separating the blanks into their own filters, enter the smooth-cut end surfaces without undesirable large pores.

The apparatus of Figs. 20 and 21 may also be advantageously used to produce webs of dense pattern of straight notches extending across at least a portion of the longitudinal portions and with the notches formed in series in the longitudinal direction, particularly in the ribbed profiles of the paper web.

The default mojenral is. There pouuito example smooth paper web having a density tomonnoti 30 ^{From 40 g} * ^m-2 which has a ^P s ^y consists ^of measurement and rýtování vrum ^width RKU přlttdi @ ^{20 and} 3 ⁰ cm.

The printing plain paper webs serving as the starting material are hereinafter referred to as base paper and are commercially available in the form of coils of base paper, most often with a diameter of 70 to 90 cm.

In the apparatus of FIG. 20, the plain paper web 24 is unwound from the raw paper roll 60 and is first guided through a humidifying device, such as a water bath 22 in which the rotating roller 23 is partially immersed.

A thin layer of water adhering to the surface of the roll 53 is sufficient to moisten the paper web 51, which is pressed against the surface of the roll 52 by a damping roller 54 made of a resilient mat, for example rubber. The moistened paper web enters the so-called creasing and creping stage (creping in the longitudinal direction), which consists of three driven rollers 22, 56 and 2Z.

This creping step is already known and is described in detail in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,466,353. Each of the metal creping rolls 55, 56 and 57 is provided on its surface with a plurality of densely arranged circular ribs of approximately rectangular cross section and approximately 0 mm wide. 3 mm, the spacing of which is, for example, 0.7 mm.

In relation to the lower roll 55 and the upper creping roll 57 from the central creping roll 56, it can be precisely adjusted so that the circular ribs on the lower and upper creping rollers 55 and 57 fit into the grooves between adjacent circular ribs on the middle creping roll 55 the sides of the interlocking circular ribs do not touch each other.

It can be seen from FIG. 20 that the moistened, i.e., woven, paper web 51 enters the gap between the creping rolls first. 55 and 56, runs 180 ° along the faces of the circular ribs on the creping roll 56 and passes to the faces of the circular ribs of the creping roll 52 where it is discharged around the guide roller 53.

The paper web 59 extending from this creping step consisting of creping rollers 55, 56 and 57 consists of a longitudinally extending region having a substantially fibrous structure and / or slotted openings therebetween, between which they are located. regions with a denser structure and / or with rib-like regions.

The structure of the paper web 59 is determined by the set depth of penetration of the creping rollers 55 and 57 into the central creping roll 55. The thus treated and still wet paper web 52 is routed via a guide pulley 60 to a drying device 61 in which the paper web 52 is virtually completely removed. '

The dry paper web 59 is further led to the extrusion stage 34 with the co-operating rollers 35 and 36, which has already been described in detail in conjunction with FIG. 13.

The rotation of the rollers 53 and 54 of the humidification stage is by means of a drive 60 which, however, is coupled to the drive 64 of the creping rolls 52, 55, 57 and the drive 65 of the extrusion rolls 35 and 35. lightly tensioned.

The paper web 62 exiting the extrusion stage is provided with a dense pattern of notches arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction and can either be wound into a coil or further processed directly into filter blanks.

In the first case, the paper web 62 is guided into the winder 33. This winder is coupled to drives 65, 64 and 63 by means of a shaft.

It will be appreciated that a plurality of coils 40 can be formed from a single roll 50 of the raw paper on the spool 3β. In this case, it is appropriate to design the spool 3β so that the finished roll 40 can be removed. In order to interrupt the paper web 63 or mm, the operating speed of the device of FIG. 20 can be reduced.

These living facilities are known and do not require any detailed description. In addition, it is also possible to process the paper web 62 from the extrusion stage 34 directly into filter blanks. The paper web 64 is routed directly to the inlet throat 44 of the coil construction machine 45 via the interposed tension gauge 43 described in detail in conjunction with Figure 19. Here again, as in the apparatus of FIG. 19, the wrapping machine 45 can be synchronized with the drives 63-64 and 65 in the apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 21 shows a further preferred embodiment of a papermaking machine.

The apparatus again treats the lint from the raw paper roll 50. Here, however, the base paper can be used which can be processed in the creasing and creping step consisting of creping rolls 55, 56 and 51 without wetting first.

These raw papers are commercially available and can be passed directly to the embossing stage 34 after passing through the creping stage, consisting of embossing rollers 35 and 36, where an embossed pattern and a plurality of longitudinally extending notches are formed thereon as previously described 18 and 19.

Similar to the apparatus of FIG. 19, the paper web 52 & apos ^;, from the embossing stage 34, is guided through the guide pulley 42 and the inline tension meter 43 directly into the inlet throat 44 of the winder 45 of conventional construction.

Since the moistening of the paper web 51 has been omitted, the desiccant described in relation to the apparatus of FIG. 20 is not required. If necessary, an electronic control device 66 can also be used to synchronize the drive of the wrapping machine 45 with the drives 64 and 65. In the apparatus of FIG. 21, very high continuous speeds of the paper web, 51, can be achieved and the full maximum power of the wrapping machine used can also be driven.

In operation, paper web speeds of 51,400 m / min or more have already been achieved.

. 19 and 21 on a conventional wrapping machine, there is a moonost to equip the wrapping machine with a sufficiently strong drive, and the driven stages of the apparatus of FIGS. 19 or 21 are coupled with the drive of the wrapping machine in a mechanical manner.

Only adjustable commercial gears, such as the control gears known as VIP, are to be included between the drive shafts and the respective stages.

and

20 and 21, it may be advantageous to provide both creping rolls 55, 56 and 57. 16 and 17. The three-roll creasing and creping steps shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 are preferred, but can be replaced by creasing and creasing rollers 35 and 36, for example by heating described in conjunction with FIGS. creping steps of a simpler construction in which the upper roller 57 is omitted. the paper web 51 is guided only by the gauge between the creping rolls 55 and 5.6 and then discharged directly from the creping stage so that the guide rollers 58 and 60 are also removed.

These simpler creasing and creping steps, consisting of only two rollers, are particularly advantageous when there is no need for particularly deep creasing and ribbed profiles in the paper strips.

In the case of filter rods manufactured according to the previously described examples A to D were also _{zjišlžilož>} whether the notches produced according to the invention oeoviiiňují homcogentu filling such blanks.

For this purpose, in the manufacture of the filter blanks at the output of the wrapping machine, one hundred pieces were numbered with serial numbers and their suction resistance was examined. Deviations of the suction resistance values from the average suction resistance values were found to be less than ± 5%. This deviation lies within the permitted tolerances normally required for these filter blanks.

It is also important that the filter blanks of 8.1 mm in diameter, 66 mm in length, about 65 grams per 100 pieces and with a suction resistance of 340 mm water column of 15% according to the described examples C and D could not be manufactured by paper web means yet. without being too soft.

In the exemplary embodiments, the webs of the material and the method of processing and use thereof are mainly explained on suitable paper bands. It should be noted, however, that flat, paper-like fibrous webs of different composition may be used in place of the paper webs described above, provided that they are suitable for forming suitable structures and embossed patterns from the transversely extending longitudinal direction. notches arranged closely one behind the other in the longitudinal direction.

Claims (29)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION. 1. A fibrous web of material, in particular a paper web, and tobacco filters therefor, in which a longitudinally extending obbasil with a substantially fibrous structure and / or unrelated slit-shaped apertures are formed, between which regions are denser with denser regions. structure and / or with rib-like profiles, while at the same time ensuring the coherence of the maaerial strip in the transverse direction and high tensile strength in the longitudinal web, characterized in that the mastrial strip (10) or filter filling is provided with a pattern closely straight notches (19) formed one behind the other which extend through at least a portion of the longitudinal regions, so that in the rib-like profiles (12) running in the longitudinal direction (11) the notches (19) are formed successively in longitudinal (11). 2. The strip of material according to claim 1, characterized in that the mutual distance in the longitudinal section (11) with a denser structure and / or with rib-like profiles (12). The distance between the transversally extending notches (19) in the longitudinal direction (11) is at most 2 mm. 3. The fiber web of maaerial according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the notches (19) is small compared to the distance between the notches (19) in the longitudinal direction (11). 4. The fiber web of claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the material web of at least 5 mm in length extending transversely to the longitudinal direction are provided with at least two consecutive straight notches (19). 5. The cylindrical material strip according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal structure of the material strip (10) is unchanged between successive transverse straight notches (19). 6. The material web of claim 1, wherein the paper web has a thickness of less than 0.2 mm in the straight notches (19). 7. A method of producing a fibrous web of material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the web provided with longitudinally extending regions of different structure and its transverse transverse sections are briefly compressed at intervals, thereby at least in longitudinal regions of denser structure. / or in the rib-like profiles it creates successive permanent notches, but the longitudinal structures remain intact between successive notches. 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the strip of material is simultaneously pressed from above and below in straight sections. 9. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the web of maaerial is pressed in straight sections against the planar support from only one side. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the time intervals are selected in dependence on the velocity of the material web which is compressed at a distance of at most 2 mm. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the web is advanced at a speed of up to 400 m / min. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the smooth, flat paper web having a specific gravity of between ³⁰ and ⁴⁰ gm is unwound from a roll of paper roll by swirling and is guided between at least two rollers with a roll. each other. interdigitating circular ribs where, in the longitudinal direction, regions of substantially fibrous structure and / or non-adjacent slot-like openings are formed on the paper web, and between these regions there are regions of denser structure and / or rib-like prooils, whereupon the paper web thus formed is dried and then pressed in successive intervals in transverse sections. Load for carrying out the method according to claim 7, comprising two rollers provided with wing ribs for making longitudinal bypasses and a support frame with two auxiliary rollers whose axes are parallel to one another, characterized in that the distance of the first auxiliary roll (13) ) is precisely adjustable from the parallel arranged second auxiliary cylinder (14, 20) and at least one of the auxiliary cylinders (13, 14) is provided on its surface (15, 16) with protruding ribs (17, 18) which are arranged in a uniform straight line The two additional rollers (13, 14, 20) are provided with a drive to achieve a co-controllable, circumferentially parallel circumference of the two additional rollers (13, 14, 20). ). Apparatus according to Claim 13, characterized in that the two additional rollers (1-3, 14) are structurally identical and each has a parallel surface (15, 16) parallel to the axis of the additional roll (13, 14). ribs (17, 18), the width of the front surfaces of the ribs (17, 18) being smaller than the distance of adjacent ribs (17, 18) in a tangential direction and the two additional rollers (13, 14) being arranged one above the other. as they rotate, the end faces of the ribs (17, 18) of the upper auxiliary cylinder (13) and the lower auxiliary cylinder (14) are always exactly opposite each other at a distance of at most 0.2 mm. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that one additional cylinder (13) is provided on its surface (15) with ribs (17) extending parallel to the axis of the additional cylinder (13), the width of the faces the ribs (17) are smaller than their mutual distance in the tangential direction and this additional roller (13) is arranged above the second additional roller (20) with a smooth cylindrical surface (21) so that the smallest distance between the faces of the individual ribs (17) and The cylindrical surface (21) is at most 0.2 mm. 16. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the ribs (17, 18) are interrupted by gaps which are offset from one another in the case of two adjacent ribs (17, 18). 17. The device according to item 13, characterized by: The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs (17, 18) have the shape of wavy lines running parallel to the axis of the additional cylinder (13, 14). 18. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the ribs (17, 18) form an angle in the range of 0 to 20 [deg.] With the axis of the additional cylinder (13, 14). 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the ribs have an approximately triangular cross-section and a front face with a width of at most 0.4 mm and a spacing of the ribs (17, 18) in a tangential direction of at most 2 mm. 20. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the second auxiliary cylinder (20) has a ground surface (21), wherein the error of the ground surface (21) relative to the axis of the second auxiliary cylinder (20) does not exceed 0.01 mm. Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the at least one additional cylinder (13, 14) consists of a tube (23) on which the individual rings (34) secured against axial displacement and relative rotation are provided, which are provided on the surface protruding ribs forming the pattern. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the two additional rollers (13, 14) are provided with heating. Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the at least one additional cylinder (13, 14) consists of a tube (23) with grooves (26) running parallel to the axis (22) of the additional cylinder (13, 14) in which electric heating rods (27) are provided. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one additional cylinder (13, 14) consists of a tube (23), in the interior of which the heating elements are arranged. Device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the two co-operating rollers (13, 14, 20, 35, 36) are provided with a drive coupled to a drive of the paper web (10, 31). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that it is provided with an unwinding device for unwinding the paper strip (31) provided with longitudinally extending regions of different structures from the roll (30) and a winding (38) for winding the paper strip (31) provided a coil (40) extending across the notches (19) extending from the extrusion stage (34), the drive (37) of the extrusion stage (34) being coupled to the spool (38) by the shaft. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that it is provided with an unwinder for unwinding the paper web (31) provided with longitudinally extending regions of different structures from the coil (30) and the coiling machine (44, 45) for producing the filter blank a paper web (31) provided with transverse notches (19) extending from the embossing stage (34), the drive (41) of the embossing stage (34) being synchronized with the wrapping machine (44, 45). Apparatus according to Claim 13, characterized in that it is provided with an unwinding device for unwinding the paper web (51) from the initial paper roll (50) and a connected humidifying stage (52, 53, 54) followed by a grooving and creping stage consisting of at least two rollers (55, 56) with interlocking circular ribs, a drying stage (61 *) for drying the shaped paper web (59) and a winder for processing the paper web (62) into filter blanks, the drives (63) ) of the humidifying stage (52, 53, 54), the drive (64) of the grooving and creping stage (55, 56) and the drive (65) of the extrusion stage (34) are synchronized with this wrapping machine. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that it is provided with an unwinding device for unwinding the paper web (51) from the starting paper roll (50), a grooving and creping step consisting of at least two rolls (55, 56) and interlocking circular ribs and a wrapping machine (44, 45) for processing the paper web (62) coming from the extrusion stage (34) into filter blanks, the drive (64) of the grooving and creping stage (55, 56) and the extrusion stage drive (65) 34) are synchronized with the wrapping machine (44, 45) by means of an electronic control device (66).