Intelligent solid-state soft starter
Technical field:
The utility model belongs to the Motor Control technical field.Be specifically related to a kind of intelligent soft starter of three-phase AC asynchronous motor, to the starting of three-phase AC asynchronous motor, stop, moving and protect and realize the overall process Intellectualized monitoring.
Background technology:
Motor does not allow across-the-line starting generally speaking, the harm of across-the-line starting mainly contains following 3 points: the one, electrical network is impacted, the empty load of motor starting current can reach 4~7 times of motor rated current, heavy-load start can reach 8~10 times, can cause line voltage to descend, influence miscellaneous equipment and normally use, also may cause tripping operation; The 2nd, to the mechanical shock of motor, excessive impact torque causes rotor cage bar, end ring fracture and Stator End Winding insulation wearing and tearing, is directed to puncture the burning machine; The 3rd, to the impact of production equipment, reduce the useful life of mechanical parts such as shaft coupling knot, travelling gear, driving belt.
Traditional starting equipments such as liquid resistance starting, auto-induction voltage-reduced starting and reactor also can be realized the soft start of motor.But when proceed-to-send was transformed into total head with contactor, the terminal voltage of motor produced more prominent, caused secondary current to impact, if its hazard ratio across-the-line starting of misoperation is also big.And also there is the failure rate height in above-mentioned starting equipment, uses and the maintenance cost height, and uncontrollable motor is finished the deficiency of starting when line voltage is low.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of intelligent solid-state soft starter that is applicable to threephase asynchronous soft start, soft stop and power-saving running.
To achieve these goals, technical solution of the present utility model is: a kind of intelligent solid-state soft starter, it is characterized in that: by voltage sampling circuit, voltage signal processing circuit, the MCU1 circuit, the spike train modulation circuit, circuits for triggering, thyristor circuit, current sampling circuit, the current signal treatment circuit, the MCU2 circuit, display circuit, keyboard circuit and DCS, the RS485 interface circuit constitutes, wherein, voltage sampling circuit, voltage signal processing circuit and MCU1 circuit connect successively, current sampling circuit, current signal treatment circuit and MCU2 circuit connect successively, the MCU2 circuit respectively with display circuit, keyboard circuit and DCS, the RS485 interface circuit connects, MCU2 circuit and MCU1 circuit are coupled to each other, with the MCU2 circuit is master controller, is pilot controller with the MCU1 circuit.
Voltage sampling circuit described in the technical solution of the present utility model is made of voltage transformer, voltage transformer and resistance.
Current sampling circuit described in the technical solution of the present utility model is made of current transformer and transmitter.
Display circuit described in the technical solution of the present utility model is made of display control circuit, display driver circuit, charactron and LCD.
Current signal treatment circuit described in the technical solution of the present utility model is made of current signal split circuit, current waveform testing circuit, friendship-straight translation circuit and MCU2 circuit.
Pulse modulated circuit described in the technical solution of the present utility model is made of MCU1 circuit, high-frequency signal generation circuit, GAL logical circuit and circuits for triggering.
Circuits for triggering described in the technical solution of the present utility model are made of pulse modulated circuit, spike train power amplification circuit and thyristor protection circuit.
Thyristor circuit described in the technical solution of the present utility model is made of 6 thyristors that are divided into three groups, are parallel connected in reverse phase, and every group of thyristor is fixed in the radiator that is made of fin on the integral type and following fin.
Hardware components of the present utility model comprises voltage, current sampling circuit, voltage, current signal treatment circuit, two MCU circuit, pulse modulated circuit, circuits for triggering, thyristor circuit, switching power circuit, keyboard circuit, display circuit and DCS, RS485 interface circuit.The utility model is to utilize thyristor chopping depressuring principle; control is added in the terminal voltage on the threephase asynchronous; realize the soft-start by lowering voltage and the soft stop of motor; the starting current that reduces motor is significantly realized the device of kinds of protect function simultaneously to the impact to plant equipment of the impact of electrical network and load inertia to motor.It has not only improved the mechanical property of motor at starting and stopping process, but also can control the motor power saving operation when the motor load weight changes.Its excellent performance makes that traditional self coupling step-down, reactor and liquid resistance starting equipment at all can't be by comparison.
The control procedure that foregoing circuit is realized is that the three-phase voltage that voltage sampling circuit picks up threephase asynchronous is in real time sent into voltage signal processing circuit, sine voltage signal is shaped to identical square-wave signal of cycle by isolation, the square-wave signal that is input to the MCU1 circuit is used as the synchronizing signal of adjusting the trigger impulse phase place, the control command that the MCU1 circuit sends according to the MCU2 circuit and the parameter of transmission are optimized processing, phase place output trigger impulse with the best, be modulated into spike train at the pulse modulated circuit trigger impulse, the spike train signal is exaggerated the back at circuits for triggering and triggers the thyristor conducting.Current sampling circuit picks up the size of current of electric in real time, by the current signal treatment circuit sinusoidal signal of electric current is transformed into direct current signal and sends the MCU2 circuit to, the MCU2 circuit carries out the computing judgment processing according to the size of parameter of setting and current of electric and sends control command and parameter to the MCU1 circuit then, the control of formation current closed-loop, can select the start mode of solid-state soft starter by keyboard, display shows the size of current of electric accurately, and the DCS of configuration and RS485 interface circuit can make solid-state soft starter access network control system.The built-in software of MCU1, MCU2 has: parameter setting program module, display routine module, optimization process program module, digital PID program module, PROFIBUS-DP communications protocol program module, I
2C communication program module, soft start program module, shutdown procedure module, defencive function program module.Software and hardware organically combines and makes soft starter have premium properties and high reliability.
The beneficial effects of the utility model: the utility model utilizes thyristor chopping depressuring principle; control is added in the terminal voltage on the threephase asynchronous; realize the soft-start by lowering voltage and the soft stop of motor; the starting current that reduces motor significantly to the impact of plant equipment, is realized the kinds of protect function to motor to the impact of electrical network and load inertia simultaneously.The utility model is owing to adopt two MCU circuit to realize that system controls in real time, thereby can improve the processing capability in real time of system greatly, guaranteed control precision and reliability.The thyristor radiator adopts fin on the integral type, following fin, good heat dissipation effect, and the compact conformation volume is little.In China's three phase alternating current motor total amount, threephase asynchronous accounts for more than 80%, and market is in great demand to this soft starter, and the economic benefit of its product and social benefit effect are very remarkable.The utility model be mainly used in three-phase AC asynchronous motor starting, stop, moving and protect.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the circuit block diagram of the utility model current signal treatment circuit;
Fig. 3 is the circuit block diagram of the utility model pulse modulated circuit;
Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of the utility model circuits for triggering;
Fig. 5 is the control core circuit figure that two MCU microcontrollers are formed among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of friendship among Fig. 2-straight translation circuit;
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of current waveform testing circuit among Fig. 2;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of Fig. 3 medium-high frequency signal generating circuit and logical operation circuit;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of trigger impulse power amplification circuit and thyristor protection circuit among Fig. 4;
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of voltage signal sampling circuit and voltage signal processing circuit among Fig. 1;
Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of display circuit among Fig. 1;
Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of the switching power circuit among Fig. 1;
Figure 13 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of thyristor radiator;
Figure 14 is the upward view of Figure 13.
Embodiment:
The utility model is described in further detail with a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
With reference to Fig. 1, this is the circuit block diagram of the utility model circuit.This intelligent solid-state soft starter comprises voltage sampling circuit 1, voltage signal processing circuit 2, MCU1 circuit 3, pulse modulated circuit 4, circuits for triggering 5, thyristor circuit 6, current sampling circuit 7, current signal treatment circuit 8, MCU2 circuit 9, display circuit 10, keyboard circuit 11 and DCS, RS485 interface circuit 12.The process that its control motor is soft is: voltage sampling circuit 1 picks up the three-phase voltage of threephase asynchronous in real time and sends into voltage signal processing circuit 2, sine voltage signal is shaped to identical square-wave signal of cycle by isolation, the square-wave signal that is input to MCU1 circuit 3 is used as the synchronizing signal of adjusting the trigger impulse phase place, the control command that MCU1 circuit 3 sends according to MCU2 circuit 9 and the parameter of transmission are optimized processing, phase place output trigger impulse with the best, be modulated into spike train at pulse modulated circuit 4 trigger impulses, the spike train signal is exaggerated the back at circuits for triggering 5 and triggers the thyristor conducting.Current sampling circuit 7 picks up the size of current of electric in real time, by current signal treatment circuit 8 sinusoidal signal of electric current is transformed into direct current signal and sends MCU1 circuit 3 to, MCU2 circuit 9 carries out the computing judgment processing according to the size of parameter of setting and current of electric and sends control command and parameter to MCU1 circuit 3 then, forms current closed-loop control.Can select the start mode of solid-state soft starter by keyboard circuit 11, display shows the size of current of electric accurately, and the DCS of configuration and RS485 interface circuit 12 can make solid-state soft starter access network control system.The combination of software and hardware has guaranteed above-mentioned control procedure accurately and reliably.
With reference to Fig. 2, this is the circuit diagram of current signal treatment circuit part of the present utility model, comprises current signal split circuit 14, current signal waveform testing circuit 15 and friendship-straight translation circuit 16.The motor current signal that samples is divided into two-way to be handled, and one the tunnel detects current waveform and testing result is flowed to MCU2 circuit 9, and another road converts the ac current signal of motor to direct current signal and flows to MCU2 circuit 9.
With reference to Fig. 3, this is the circuit diagram of pulse modulated circuit of the present utility model, comprises high-frequency signal generation circuit 17 and logical circuit 18.The trigger impulse that being used to of MCU1 circuit 3 output controlled the thyristor conducting is modulated into spike train by high-frequency signal in logical circuit 18.
With reference to Fig. 4, this is the circuit diagram of circuits for triggering of the present utility model, comprises spike train power amplification circuit 19 and thyristor protection circuit 20.The spike train of pulse modulated circuit 4 outputs is finished electric current through the current amplification circuit of Darlington integrated circuit and pulse transformer composition and is amplified, and triggers the thyristor conducting then; 20 pairs of thyristors of thyristor protection circuit are realized di/dt and dv/di protection.
With reference to Fig. 5, this is the control core circuit figure that the two MCU microcontrollers of the utility model are formed.MCU1 and MCU2 all adopt the PIC series monolithic of Microchip company, are master controller with MCU2, and MCU1 is a pilot controller, the part signal of MCU1 feeds back to MCU2, send corresponding control by MCU2, two MCU collaborative works have significantly improved the processing capability in real time of control system.
With reference to Fig. 6, this is the circuit diagram of the utility model friendship-straight translation circuit.The current signal of current sampling circuit collection sends friendship-straight translation circuit of being made up of the two poles of the earth amplifier U5A, U5B to by resistance R 30, ac current signal is converted to d. c. voltage signal sends MCU2 to.
With reference to Fig. 7, this is the circuit diagram of the utility model current waveform testing circuit.The current signal that current sampling circuit is gathered, send the comparison circuit of forming by amplifier U2B to by resistance R 3 current waveform is compared detection, send the result who detects to MCU2, resistance R 27, R28, R29 and R4 form bleeder circuit, and the comparison reference voltage that varies in size is provided for comparison circuit.
With reference to Fig. 8, this is the circuit diagram of the utility model high-frequency signal generation circuit and logical operation circuit.Constitute by U3 and U9, MCU1 accurately calculates corresponding thyristor ON time after detecting the voltage synchronizing signal, the output start pulse signal sends GAL logical device U9 to, is that the high-frequency signal that the main high-frequency signal generation circuit of forming produces is modulated into spike train with NE555 at GAL U9 internal trigger pulse signal.
With reference to Fig. 9, this is the circuit diagram of the utility model trigger impulse power amplification circuit and thyristor protection circuit.Darlington integrated circuit (IC) chip U15 pulse transformer; the spike train signal of GALU9 output is carried out power amplification; guarantee the thyristor conducting that is triggered, resistance R 2, R3, R4 and C5, C6, C7 form three groups of resistance capaciting absorpting circuits thyristor are realized di/d and dv/di protection.
With reference to Figure 10, this is the circuit diagram of the utility model voltage signal sampling circuit and voltage signal processing circuit.The three phase sine voltage of motor is shaped to square-wave signal and sends MCU1 to through three optocoupler U16, U17, U18 isolation again through after resistance R 11, R12 and the R13 step-down.
With reference to Figure 11, this is the circuit diagram of the utility model figure display circuit.The triad signal of MCU2 output is selected signal by the 3-8 decoder U1 decoding output of 74HC138 type, is used to charactron or the diode of selecting current MCU2 to drive.
With reference to Figure 12, this is the circuit diagram of the utility model switching power circuit.Utilize the PWM principle, realize stable voltage output value by TOP series switch pipe KT1 and high frequency transformer B4, error amplifier Q2.Operation principle: utilize the PWM control technology, when input voltage changes, under inner parameter changes, external load changes the situation, control circuit is by manipulated signal and reference signal.
With reference to Figure 13, Figure 14, this is the radiator TV structure of the utility model thyristor and looks up structural representation.Two thyristor 21 parallel connected in reverse phase are fixed on the integral type between the fin 23 and following fin 24.Inlet wire busbar 22 is fixed on the fin 23, and outlet busbar 25 is fixed on down on the fin 24.Changed the situation that existing monocrystalline brake tube uses a cover radiator separately, structural design has promptly played the fixedly effect of thyristor cleverly, played again to absorb and the diffusion heat that thyristor produced, and good heat dissipation effect, compact conformation, volume are little, are convenient to install.
For the features of novelty of the utility model soft starter is described, what time following extra heavy here some explanation is:
The control core of soft starter adopts two MCU microcomputerized control technology, its objective is in order to improve the processing capability in real time of control system, strengthens the antijamming capability of control system under the complicated industrial electric environment.The various functions of soft starter are required to distribute according to system sequence control, the soft start program module of motor, soft stop program module and defence program module and communication program module are responsible for execution by MCU1, mainly bear the lot of data computing and to the judgment processing of operation result, the wave head signal of the three-phase current of real-time sampling instrument transformer output simultaneously and the d. c. voltage signal that is sent by its change are realized the soft start, soft stop of motor and to the various defencive functions of motor and insert fieldbus and realize network control; Motor three-phase power voltage synchronizing signal sampling subroutine module and formation three-phase controllable silicon trigger impulse subroutine module are responsible for execution by MCU2, mainly bear the synchronizing signal of real-time sampling from the three-phase voltage of I/O mouth input, sequential according to the MCU1 optimization process requires from I/O output three-phase controllable silicon trigger impulse, the conducting of control controllable silicon, the three phase terminals voltage or the current of electric that are applied on the motor are started and pulse kick starting curve and soft stop curvilinear motion according to constant flow starting, the voltage ramp of optimization process in advance, realize the soft start and the soft stop of motor.
The Soft Start-up Process of motor, whether smoothly stable, whether unusual disturbance can appear, depend on fully whether the sampling process of three-phase voltage synchronizing signal can be interfered.Under the industrial electric environment, exist various static and electromagnetic interference signal, these interference signals all can form the three-phase voltage synchronizing signal and disturb, if not with its effective filtering, will influence the optimization process of single-chip microcomputer to motor starting process, the triggering sequential of three-phase controllable silicon trigger impulse is got muddled, the variation of its terminal voltage can't be according to the electric motor starting curvilinear motion of expectation when causing electric motor starting, even can take place that voltage is prominent to cause rush of current more, causes the electrical network tripping operation.For various static and the electromagnetic interference signal that exists under the effective filtering industrial electric environment, on hardware designs except adopt the light idol isolate and capacitance-resistance filter filtering, handle the three-phase voltage synchronizing signal with MCU2 in real time in the overall process in sampling period, with a phase voltage synchronizing signal is benchmark adopt to interrupt and inquiry combines mode 10MS judgment processing regularly continuously in the cycle, realized that the sampled voltage synchronizing signal complete period carries out filtering with digital filter to interference signal, guaranteed that the voltage synchronizing signal of sampling is accurate.
The ON time of thyristor when microcontroller goes out the motor initial start according to the calculation of parameter that presets, begin starting with the slow rotation of motor, detect the starting current of motor and the size of back-emf in real time and carry out the intelligent optimization processing, with the ON time of 1/300S response speed adjustment thyristor, the control motor is realized level and smooth no surge start with the starting curve of the best.According to the parameter difference that sets in advance, can realize following several controls to motor: 1, voltage ramp starting; 2 constant flow startings; 3, voltage ramp adds current limit starting; 4, pulse kick starting; 5, voltage ramp is shut down; 6, pump is shut down (overcoming the water hammer effect of pump); 7, power-saving running (motor is when underloading and weight load alternate).