CN2593067Y - Plasma pyrolytic gasifying apparatus for polymeric rejected material - Google Patents

Abstract

A plasma pyrolysis gasification device for polymer waste, comprising a DC arc plasma generator (3), a plasma pyrolysis reactor, a plasma control system (2), a feed system, and a steam generator ( 11) Conical ash hopper (13), pyrolysis gas post-treatment system, etc.; the plasma pyrolysis reactor is cylindrical, and is composed of four sections (4)-(7) with the same structure connected by flanges (18); The shell (23) is a steel structure, the inner wall is a graphite layer (21), and the refractory material (22) is between the shell and the graphite; its advantage is that the reactor is formed by connecting four sections with the same structure, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement. Sampling and observation can be performed in sections, and the cyclone feed inlet can increase the residence time of the material in the pyrolysis reactor, so that the pyrolysis reaction can be completed, and superheated steam can be added in sections to make it evenly distributed between the plasma and the reaction material Among them, the energy consumption of the system is reduced, and it is easy to industrialize.

Description

Plasma pyrolysis gasification device for polymer waste

technical field

The utility model relates to a plasma pyrolysis gasification device, in particular to a plasma pyrolysis gasification device for polymer waste.

Background technique

At present, the treatment of polymer waste at home and abroad is mainly based on mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, incineration and landfill. At present, only a very small part of waste plastics in our country is recycled for recycling, and most of the recycled products are of low grade and the market demand is not large. Most of the discarded plastic products in the garbage are still treated as landfills together with the garbage. Due to the light weight and large volume of plastics, landfills occupy a lot of land, and plastic macromolecules cannot degrade by themselves and will not rot for a long time. This not only wastes resources, but also destroys land. Pollution of ground water. The incineration treatment method has good volume reduction and volume reduction effects, but the incineration of waste plastics often produces a large amount of smoke containing toxic pollutants, causing serious air pollution. Recently, chemical recycling methods such as catalytic cracking of waste plastics to produce gasoline and diesel have also received great attention. Waste plastic cracking to oil needs to be carried out under the conditions of pressure 0.2-0.5MPa, temperature 500-800°C and catalyst action. Under the action of catalyst and heat, waste plastic raw materials undergo thermal cracking reaction and catalytic cracking reaction, and the carbon and hydrogen elements are composed of The high molecular material is converted into low molecular fuel oil, and after fractional distillation and condensation, products similar to gasoline and diesel are obtained. The main problems of the current waste plastic pyrolysis oil production technology are that it is difficult to control the product quality to achieve the purpose of producing gasoline and diesel oil that meet the national standards; the reaction effect of the catalyst is poor and the oil yield is low; The land is large, the cost is high, and the investment is large.

A plasma is an excited ionized state consisting of negatively charged particles such as electrons, positively charged particles such as positive ions, and neutral particles such as atoms. Plasma can provide a reaction environment with concentrated energy and high temperature (up to 5000K), which can not only greatly increase the chemical reaction rate, but also produce chemical reactions that cannot occur at normal temperature. Most of the plastics are polymer compounds formed by the polymerization of C and H in crude oil, and have the characteristics of high volatile content, low ash content, and high calorific value. Under the action of high-temperature plasma, waste plastic particles are rapidly heated to release volatile substances, and the cracking of plastic macromolecules mainly produces H ₂ , CH ₄ , C ₂ H ₂ and other small molecule hydrocarbons. When water vapor is added during the reaction, combustible gas mainly consisting of H ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , and C ₂ H ₂ will be produced. Using this technology can solve the problem of waste plastics, waste tires and other solid waste disposal.

Chinese patent application 96199884 discloses a method and equipment for producing coal gas by plasma pyrolysis and gasification of coal. It preheats coal and air together to generate a low-temperature plasma flow, and then a large amount of coal and air will be fed in at a high temperature in the reaction chamber. Complete combustion and gasification under ambient conditions.

content of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a plasma pyrolysis and gasification device, which is used for plasma pyrolysis and gasification of polymer waste to obtain valuable hydrogen or synthesis gas.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that it includes a DC arc plasma generator, a plasma pyrolysis reactor, a plasma control system, a gas cylinder and a connecting pipe, a feeding system screw feeder, a hopper and a cyclone feeding Mouth, steam generator and steam pipe, conical ash hopper, cyclone separation device for cracked gas post-treatment system, filtration system, and chemical absorption system. gasification reactor;

It is characterized in that the plasma pyrolysis reactor is cylindrical, and is composed of four sections with the same structure connected by flanges; the shell is a steel structure, the inner wall is a graphite layer, and the space between the shell and the graphite is a refractory material; the first section The upper right side is connected to the cyclone feed inlet, the first section and the upper left side of the second section are connected to the steam generator through a steam pipe, and a stop valve is set in the middle; there are observation ports, gas sampling ports and fans on the right side of each section The bottom part is a conical ash hopper, and there is a gas outlet on the upper right side of the ash hopper, which is connected to the cyclone separation device, filtration system, chemical absorption system and fan in turn; the two gas cylinders are respectively connected to the plasma generator and the feeding system.

The described DC arc plasma generator and plasma control system are public technologies, produced and sold by Tsinghua University. The steam generator is a general equipment, and the heating device is not shown in the figure.

The advantages and positive effects of the utility model are as follows: (1) The plasma pyrolysis reactor is assembled by four sections, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement, and can also be segmented for sampling and observation. (2) The cyclone feed inlet can increase the residence time of the material in the pyrolysis reactor and complete the pyrolysis reaction. (3) Adding superheated steam in stages can provide a large amount of water vapor and make it evenly distributed in the plasma and reaction materials, reducing the energy consumption of the system. (4) The inlets of the superheated steam are respectively provided with cut-off valves, and water vapor can be added or not added during the reaction process according to production needs. (5) The device is easy to be industrialized, and can be widely used for polymer waste, and can also be used for plasma pyrolysis gasification of coal, biomass, and solid waste.

The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the utility model is not limited.

Illustration

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the utility model; Accompanying drawing 2 is the schematic diagram (section) of cyclone feed inlet.

specific implementation

The plasma pyrolysis gasification device for polymer waste shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 includes a DC arc plasma generator (3), a plasma pyrolysis reactor, a plasma control system (2), and a gas cylinder (1 ) and connecting pipes, feeding system screw feeder (8), hopper (9) and cyclone feed inlet (10), steam generator (11) and steam pipe (12), conical ash hopper (13) . Cyclone separation device (15), filter system (16), and chemical absorption system (17) of the pyrolysis gas post-treatment system. The device is of an up-and-down connection structure, the upper part is a plasma generator, and the lower part is a pyrolysis gasification reactor;

It is characterized in that the plasma pyrolysis reactor is cylindrical, and is formed by connecting four sections (4)-(7) with the same structure with flanges (18); the shell (23) is a steel structure, and the inner wall is a graphite layer ( 21), between the shell and the graphite is a refractory material (22); the upper right side of the first section (4) is connected to the cyclone feed inlet, and the upper left side of the first section (4) and the second section (5) passes through the steam pipe (12) is connected with the steam generator (11), with a shut-off valve in the middle; there are observation port (20), gas sampling port (19) and fan (14) on the right side of each section; the bottom part is a conical ash bucket (13), there is a gas outlet on the upper right side of the ash bucket to connect the cyclone separation device (15), filter system (16), chemical absorption system (17) and blower fan (14); the two cylinders (1) respectively Connected to plasma generator (3) and feed system.

The process of pyrolysis and gasification of polymer waste using a plasma pyrolysis gasification device is as follows: working gas (1) (working gas can be neutral gases such as N ₂ and Ar, or oxidizing gases such as O ₂ , or _H2 and other reducing gases) are ionized into about 5000K high-temperature plasma in the DC arc plasma generator (3), and enter the pyrolysis zone (4)-(7) of the plasma pyrolysis reactor; polymer waste Under the action of the screw feeder (8), it rotates into the pyrolysis zone through the cyclone feed inlet (10), and the superheated steam produced by the steam generator (11) enters the pyrolysis zone through the steam pipe (12) at the same time, Rapid pyrolysis and gasification reaction; the residue carried by the gas product is initially settled in the ash hopper (13), then enters the cyclone dust collector (15) for further separation and cooling, and then passes through the filter system (16) to remove fine particles and enters the chemical absorption system ( 17) Remove CO ₂ , NH _{3 ,} etc., and finally obtain combustible gas mainly composed of H ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , and C ₂ H ₂ .

Claims (1)

1. the plasma pyrolysis gasification installation of a high molecular waste material, comprise dc arc plasma generator (3), the plasma pyrolysis reactor, controlling plasma system (2), gas cylinder (1) and pipe connecting, feed system feeding screw (8), hopper (9) and whirlwind opening for feed (10), water vapour producer (11) and vapour pipe (12), taper ash bucket (13), splitting gas after-treatment system cyclone separator (15), filtering system (16), chemical absorption system (17), this device is a connection mode structure up and down, top is plasma generator, and the bottom is the pyrolytic gasification reactor;

It is characterized in that the plasma pyrolysis reactor is a round shape, four joint (4)-(7) identical by structure are formed by connecting with flange (18); Housing (23) is a steel construction, and inwall is to be refractory materials (22) between graphite linings (21), housing and the graphite; Top, first segment (4) right side connects whirlwind opening for feed, first segment (4) and top, second joint (5) left side and links to each other with water vapour producer (11) by vapour pipe (12), and the centre is provided with stopping valve; Each joint right side also has porthole (20), combustion gas thief hole (19) and blower fan (14); Foot is taper ash bucket (13), and top, ash bucket right side has individual gas outlet to connect cyclone separator (15), filtering system (16), chemical absorption system (17) and blower fan (14) successively; Two gas cylinders (1) are connected to plasma generator (3) and feed system respectively.

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