CN221759770U - Equipment for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing air flow - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application provides a device for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow, which includes: a gasifier, a quench chamber, and a synthesis gas pipeline; the quench chamber is placed outside the gasifier and connected to the quench chamber through the synthesis gas pipeline; the gasifier is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel and obtain a first ash-containing gas flow, and after the fuel gasification treatment, the first ash-containing gas flow is heat recovered and ash removed to obtain a second ash-containing gas flow; the second ash-containing gas flow is transported to the quench chamber through the synthesis gas pipeline, so that the quench chamber washes and cools down the second ash-containing gas flow. Therefore, a quench chamber is added outside the gasifier, and based on the above-mentioned cooperation between the gasifier and the quench chamber, the first ash-containing gas flow is subjected to multiple cooling and ash removal treatments, so that the ash content in the obtained synthesis gas is as small as possible, which greatly reduces the complexity and requirements of the subsequent treatment of the synthesis gas with ash.

Description

A device for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing gas flow

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of chemical technology, and in particular to a device for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow.

Background Art

Compared with the quenching process technology, the waste boiler gasification technology has a higher energy utilization rate. However, in the waste boiler gasification technology, the temperature of the synthesis gas after heat exchange is generally between 700 and 800°C, and the synthesis gas at this time still carries a lot of heat energy. In order to efficiently recover the heat in the synthesis gas, the heat exchange area of the radiation waste boiler can only be increased, which will also increase the height of the gasifier and ultimately increase the height of the civil engineering frame of the device. For example, the height of a 100,000 gas volume gasifier is about 35m, and the height of a 200,000 gas volume gasifier is about 50m, which greatly increases the floor space of the gasification frame.

To this end, a layer of heat exchange tube group (also called external heat exchange tube group) is added to the outside of the waste boiler channel to increase the heat exchange area of the radiation waste boiler, thereby increasing the flow area of the synthesis gas without occupying too much space. In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, the amount of synthesis gas in the gasifier can be increased.

As the amount of syngas in the gasifier increases, the syngas flows through the quench chamber too fast, resulting in insufficient scrubbing, a large amount of ash in the syngas, and easy blockage of subsequent pipelines. In addition, the syngas after being treated by the external heat exchange tube group still has a relatively high temperature, which places high requirements on the post-processing system.

Utility Model Content

The purpose of the present application is to provide a device for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing gas flow, so as to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

A device for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing gas flow, comprising: a gasifier 1, a quench chamber 2, and a synthesis gas pipeline 3; the quench chamber 2 is placed outside the gasifier 1 and connected to the quench chamber 2 through the synthesis gas pipeline 3;

The gasifier 1 is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel to obtain a first ash-containing gas flow, and after the fuel gasification treatment, perform heat recovery and ash removal treatment on the first ash-containing gas flow to obtain a second ash-containing gas flow;

The second ash-containing gas flow is transported to the quench chamber 2 through the synthesis gas pipeline 3, so that the quench chamber 2 washes and cools the second ash-containing gas flow.

Optionally, the gasifier 1 includes: a gasification chamber 11 and a radiation waste boiler 12, the gasification chamber 11 and the radiation waste boiler 12 are connected via a connecting section 13, the gasification chamber 11 is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel and obtain a first ash-containing airflow, the first ash-containing airflow is transported to the radiation waste boiler 12 through the connecting section 13, and the radiation waste boiler 12 is used to recover heat and remove ash from the first ash-containing airflow to obtain a second ash-containing airflow.

Optionally, the radiation waste boiler 12 includes: a waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, a waste boiler water vapor outlet 122, a first heat exchange tube group 123, and a second heat exchange tube group 124;

The waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122 and the first heat exchange tube group 123 form a first radiation heat exchange channel, so as to perform a first radiation heat exchange treatment on the first ash-containing airflow based on the first radiation heat exchange channel;

The waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122 and the second heat exchange tube group 124 form a second radiation heat exchange channel to perform a second radiation heat exchange treatment and ash removal treatment on the first ash-containing airflow after the first radiation heat exchange treatment based on the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel.

Optionally, the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121 is respectively connected to the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124, and the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122 is respectively connected to the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124 to form water vapor for radiant heat exchange with the first ash-containing airflow in the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124, and the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel are respectively formed by reusing the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121 and the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122.

Optionally, the quenching chamber 2 includes: a protective gas cavity 21 and a quenching cavity 23, the synthesis gas pipeline 3 passes through the protective gas cavity 21 and is connected to the quenching cavity 23, and the protective gas cavity 21 and the quenching cavity 23 are isolated from each other to transport the second ash-containing gas flow to the quenching cavity 23 for washing and cooling treatment.

Optionally, a shielding gas inlet 211 and a shielding gas outlet 212 are provided on the shielding gas cavity 21 , so that the shielding gas cavity 21 can be inflated through the shielding gas inlet 211 and can flow out through the shielding gas outlet 212 to form the shielding gas that is continuously introduced.

Optionally, the quenching chamber 2 further includes a supporting structure 22, and the supporting structure 22 is arranged between the protective gas cavity 21 and the quenching cavity 23, so that the protective gas cavity 21 and the quenching cavity 23 are isolated from each other and support the synthesis gas pipeline 3, and the inner side of the synthesis gas pipeline 3 is insulated.

Optionally, a quenching ring (232) is provided on the support structure (22), and a downcomer (231) is provided below the quenching ring (232).

Optionally, a riser 234 is also provided on the periphery of the downcomer 231 and is arranged along the vertical direction to form a pipeline annulus. The riser 234 is fixed in the quenching chamber 2 by a support frame 235, and a washing water coil 2341 is provided on the riser 234. The washing water coil 2341 is connected to the washing water inlet pipe 2342 to receive washing water from the washing water inlet pipe 2342 and spray the washing water into the pipeline annulus to wash the second ash-containing airflow entering the pipeline annulus.

Optionally, a fixing block (213) is provided in the protective gas cavity 21, and the fixing block (213) is used to fix the synthesis gas pipeline 3 above the quenching cavity 23 to widen the flow channel of the synthesis gas pipeline 3.

In the technical solution provided by the present application, the equipment for heat recovery and purification of the ash-containing gas flow includes: a gasifier 1, a quench chamber 2, and a synthesis gas pipeline 3; the quench chamber 2 is placed outside the gasifier 1 and connected to the quench chamber 2 through the synthesis gas pipeline 3; the gasifier 1 is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel and obtain a first ash-containing gas flow, and after the fuel gasification treatment, the first ash-containing gas flow is heat recovered and ash removed to obtain a second ash-containing gas flow; the second ash-containing gas flow is transported to the quench chamber 2 through the synthesis gas pipeline 3, so that the quench chamber 2 washes and cools down the second ash-containing gas flow. Therefore, a quench chamber 2 is added outside the gasifier 1, and based on the above-mentioned cooperation between the gasifier 1 and the quench chamber 2, the first ash-containing gas flow is subjected to multiple cooling and ash removal treatments, so that the ash content in the obtained synthesis gas is as small as possible, which greatly reduces the complexity and requirements of the subsequent treatment of the synthesis gas with ash.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. Among them:

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas stream according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a washing water coil according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the washing water nozzle and the riser in the embodiment of the present application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the figure: gasifier 1; gasification chamber 11; radiation waste boiler 12; waste boiler water vapor inlet 121; waste boiler water vapor outlet 122; first heat exchange tube group 123; second heat exchange tube group 124; connecting section 13; slag collecting chamber 14; quenching chamber 2; protective gas cavity 21; protective gas inlet 211; protective gas outlet 212; fixing block 213; expansion joint 214; supporting structure 22; quenching cavity 23; downcomer 231; quenching ring 232; quenching water inlet pipe 233; ascending pipe 234; washing water coil 2341; washing water inlet pipe 2342; washing water nozzle 2343; supporting frame 235; water bath inlet 236; water bath 237; synthesis gas pipeline 3; burner 4.

The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present application but does not limit the present application. In fact, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations may be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. For example, a feature shown or described as a part of an embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desired that the present application includes such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

In the description of the present application, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and do not require that the present application must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. The terms "connected", "connected", and "set" used in the present application should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixedly connected or detachably connected; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equipment for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing airflow in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the washing water coil in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the washing water nozzle and the riser in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in Figure 1, the equipment for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing gas flow includes: a gasifier 1, a quenching chamber 2, and a synthesis gas pipeline 3; the quenching chamber 2 is placed outside the gasifier 1, and is connected to the quenching chamber 2 through the synthesis gas pipeline 3; the gasifier 1 is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel and obtain a first ash-containing gas flow, and after the fuel gasification treatment, the first ash-containing gas flow is heat recovered and ash removed to obtain a second ash-containing gas flow; the second ash-containing gas flow is transported to the quenching chamber 2 through the synthesis gas pipeline 3, so that the quenching chamber 2 washes and cools the second ash-containing gas flow.

In this embodiment, since the syngas containing ash is obtained after the fuel is gasified, the syngas containing ash is referred to as the first ash-containing gas stream. The first ash-containing gas stream is deashed after the fuel gasification, so although the ash content is reduced after the deashing of the first ash-containing gas stream, the syngas still contains ash, and is therefore referred to as the second ash-containing gas stream.

Based on the solution of this embodiment, a quenching chamber 2 is added outside the gasifier 1. Based on the above-mentioned cooperation between the gasifier 1 and the quenching chamber 2, the first ash-containing airflow is subjected to multiple cooling and ash removal treatments, so that the ash content in the obtained synthesis gas is as small as possible, which greatly reduces the subsequent processing complexity and requirements for the synthesis gas with ash, thereby saving equipment space, reducing pipelines, and reducing equipment costs.

In this embodiment, there is no limitation on the specific number of quenching chambers 2. One quenching chamber may be connected to the gasifier, or multiple quenching chambers may be connected to the gasifier. The gasifier 1 and the quenching chamber 2 may be in a one-to-one relationship or a one-to-many relationship, which may be determined according to the application scenario. In addition, the medium used to achieve the above-mentioned cooling and ash removal treatment may be water or other cooling media, which may be selected according to the application scenario.

In this embodiment, the gasifier 1 includes: a gasification chamber 11 and a radiation waste boiler 12. The gasification chamber 11 and the radiation waste boiler 12 are connected via a connecting section 13. The gasification chamber 11 is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel and obtain a first ash-containing gas flow. The first ash-containing gas flow is transported to the radiation waste boiler 12 through the connecting section 13. The radiation waste boiler 12 is used to recover heat and remove ash from the first ash-containing gas flow to obtain a second ash-containing gas flow.

For example, the fuel and the oxide enter the gasification chamber 11 through the burner 4, and are burned in the gasification chamber 11 to achieve fuel gasification, thereby obtaining a first ash-containing gas flow.

In addition, in this embodiment, the gasifier 1 further includes: a slag collecting chamber 14 for collecting ash slag obtained by the radiation waste boiler 12 from removing ash from the first ash-containing airflow. The gasifier 11, the radiation waste boiler 12, and the slag collecting chamber 14 can be connected in sequence from top to bottom.

To this end, in this embodiment, the presence of the connecting section 13 can reduce the velocity fluctuation of the synthesis gas and ash in the first ash-containing gas flow, so that the first ash-containing gas flow can enter the radiation waste boiler 12 evenly; and in the radiation waste boiler 12, heat recovery is achieved by relying on the thermal radiation capacity of gas and ash. Since the ash removal treatment of the first ash-containing gas flow is also achieved in the radiation waste boiler 12, the ash obtained can be collected in the slag collecting chamber 14. For this reason, a large amount of waste heat in the first ash-containing gas flow is absorbed before entering the quenching chamber 23 to form a second ash-containing gas flow, so the temperature of the second ash-containing gas flow entering the quenching chamber 2 is low, which reduces the energy consumption of the second ash-containing gas flow when cooling in the quenching chamber 2.

In this embodiment, the radiation waste boiler 12 includes: a waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, a waste boiler water vapor outlet 122, a first heat exchange tube group 123, and a second heat exchange tube group 124; the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122 and the first heat exchange tube group 123 form a first radiation heat exchange channel to perform a first radiation heat exchange treatment on the first ash-containing airflow based on the first radiation heat exchange channel; the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122 and the second heat exchange tube group 124 form a second radiation heat exchange channel to perform a second radiation heat exchange treatment and ash removal treatment on the first ash-containing airflow after the first radiation heat exchange treatment based on the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel.

In this embodiment, the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124 form an air flow annular gap; the first radiation heat exchange channel enables the first ash-containing air flow to flow downward from the gasification chamber 11 to perform a first radiation heat exchange treatment on the first ash-containing air flow; the air flow annular gap enables the first ash-containing air flow after the first radiation heat exchange treatment to flow from bottom to top, and based on the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel, the first ash-containing air flow after the first radiation heat exchange treatment is subjected to a second radiation heat exchange treatment and an ash removal treatment.

In this embodiment, the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121 is respectively connected to the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124, and the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122 is respectively connected to the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124 to form water vapor for radiant heat exchange with the first ash-containing airflow in the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124, and the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel are respectively formed by reusing the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121 and the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122.

Based on the above-mentioned waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, waste boiler water vapor outlet 122, first heat exchange tube group 123, second heat exchange tube group 124, when the first ash-containing airflow is subjected to heat recovery and ash removal treatment to obtain the second ash-containing airflow, the first ash-containing airflow flows from top to bottom, and its heat is first exchanged with the first radiation heat exchange channel, and then the flow direction is changed from bottom to top at the bottom of the first heat exchange tube group 123, thereby entering the airflow flow annular gap, and while exchanging heat with the first radiation heat exchange channel again, it also exchanges heat with the second radiation heat exchange channel to achieve cooling. At the same time, some ash in the first ash-containing airflow cannot flow upward with the airflow due to gravity and sinks into the slag collecting chamber 14, and only the remaining small particles of ash are entrained by the airflow to form a second ash-containing airflow, and the second ash-containing airflow enters the quenching chamber 2 through the synthesis gas pipeline 3.

In this embodiment, the principle of thermal radiation heat exchange based on the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel is: low-temperature water vapor is filled into the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124 through the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121, so that the first ash-containing airflow and the low-temperature water vapor are heat exchanged with the first heat exchange tube group 123 and the second heat exchange tube group 124 as heat exchange walls to obtain high-temperature water vapor, and the high-temperature water vapor is transported out through the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122.

In addition, in this embodiment, the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel are respectively formed by reusing the waste boiler water vapor inlet 121 and the waste boiler water vapor outlet 122, thereby reducing pipelines and rationally utilizing space.

In this embodiment, in order to protect the pipeline wall, insulation treatment is performed on the inner side of the synthesis gas pipeline 3. The insulation treatment can be performed by laying refractory materials or forming a water jacket. The specific protection measures to be adopted need to be considered according to actual conditions and are not limited in this application.

In this embodiment, the quenching chamber 2 includes: a protective gas cavity 21 and a quenching cavity 23. The synthesis gas pipeline 3 passes through the protective gas cavity 21 and is connected to the quenching cavity 23. The protective gas cavity 21 and the quenching cavity 23 are isolated from each other to transport the second ash-containing gas flow to the quenching cavity 23 for washing and cooling treatment.

In this embodiment, a protective gas inlet 211 and a protective gas outlet 212 are provided on the protective gas cavity 21, so that the protective gas cavity 21 can be inflated through the protective gas inlet 211 and can flow out through the protective gas outlet 212 to form the protective gas that is continuously introduced.

In this embodiment, the quench chamber 2 further includes a support structure 22, which is disposed between the protective gas cavity 21 and the quench cavity 23, so that the protective gas cavity 21 and the quench cavity 23 are isolated from each other and support the synthesis gas pipeline 3. The protective gas filled in the protective gas cavity 21 can be CO ₂ or N ₂ .

In this embodiment, a quenching ring (232) is provided on the support structure 22, and a downcomer (231) is provided below the quenching ring (232).

The quenching ring 232 is connected to the quenching water inlet pipe 233 to receive quenching water from the quenching water inlet pipe 233, and spray the quenching water into the quenching chamber 23 to cool the second ash-containing airflow, and/or form a protective water film on the surface of the downcomer 231.

In this embodiment, the quenching ring 232 has an opening or a nozzle on the side facing the quenching chamber 23 to spray the quenching water into the quenching chamber 23 and/or to form a protective water film on the surface of the downcomer 231 .

In this embodiment, a riser 234 is further provided on the periphery of the downcomer 231 and is arranged along the vertical direction to form a pipeline annulus. The riser 234 is fixed in the quenching chamber 2 by a support frame 235, and a washing water coil 2341 is provided on the riser 234. The washing water coil 2341 is connected to the washing water inlet pipe 2342 to receive washing water from the washing water inlet pipe 2342 and spray the washing water into the pipeline annulus to wash the second ash-containing airflow entering the pipeline annulus.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the washing water coil 2341 is provided with a plurality of washing water nozzles 2343, and the washing water nozzles 2343 are used to spray the washing water into the pipeline annulus. In addition, a set angle such as angle α is formed between the central axis of the washing water nozzle 2343 and the central axis of the riser 234, and angle α is less than or equal to 90°.

In this embodiment, the number of turns of the washing water coil 2341 is not limited, for example, it can be one turn or more turns, which is set specifically according to the application scenario.

In this embodiment, a water bath inlet 236 is provided below the quenching chamber 23 to inject mixed water into the quenching chamber 23 to form a water bath 237. After the second ash-containing air flow is cooled by the quenching chamber 23, it enters the water bath 237 for further cooling, and after the further cooling, forms the second ash-containing air flow that enters the pipeline annulus.

In the above-mentioned quenching chamber 23 provided in this embodiment, the quenching water inlet pipe 233 continuously provides quenching water, so that the quenching ring 232 maintains an uninterrupted water supply, realizes the second ash-containing airflow to cool down again, and also plays the role of washing the ash therein. In addition, after the quenching water in the quenching ring 232 flows out, a part of it exchanges heat with the second ash-containing airflow and is heated and evaporated, and a part of it flows down along the downcomer, forming a layer of protective water film on the outside of the downcomer, thereby playing the role of protecting the downcomer. Since the temperature of the second ash-containing airflow will decrease after a part of the quenching water evaporates, it will enter the water bath 237 along the quenching chamber 23 again, exchange heat with a large amount of water in the water bath 237, so that its temperature is reduced to the same temperature as the water bath 237, and then it flows upward along the annular gap between the above-mentioned riser and downcomer, so that it can be sent out through the synthesis gas outlet.

In addition, the washing water inlet pipe 2342 is connected to the washing water inlet coil, and the washing water inlet coil is provided with a washing water nozzle 2343, so that the washing water is continuously sprayed out to contact the upward second ash-containing airflow in reverse direction, and the washing water and the second ash-containing airflow collide between the riser and the downcomer, thereby forming a turbulent zone, which is more conducive to washing the second ash-containing airflow while achieving cooling treatment. After the momentum balance is formed between the washing water and the second ash-containing airflow, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation is carried out in the riser, and the liquid and ash fall into the water bath 237 and can be discharged, so that the second ash-containing airflow separates the synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas carries some tiny water droplets upward along the riser and is discharged from the synthesis gas outlet.

In addition, it should be noted that during the operation of the above-mentioned equipment for heat recovery and purification of the ash-containing airflow, since it is in a high-pressure working condition, the second ash-containing airflow still has a relatively high temperature after entering the quenching chamber 2. Therefore, in order to ensure that the second ash-containing airflow is only maintained in the quenching chamber 23 and does not leak from the quenching chamber 23 to the protective gas chamber 21, protective gas must be continuously introduced into the protective gas chamber 21 to maintain sufficient pressure in the protective gas chamber 21 to prevent the second ash-containing airflow from leaking from the quenching chamber 23 to the protective gas chamber 21. At the same time, it can also achieve the effect of instantly cooling the second ash-containing airflow.

In this embodiment, a fixing block 213 is provided in the protective gas cavity 21, and the fixing block 213 is used to fix the synthesis gas pipeline 3 above the quenching cavity 23 to widen the flow channel of the synthesis gas pipeline 3. Widening the flow channel of the synthesis gas pipeline 3 reduces the flow rate of the second ash-containing gas flow.

The quenching ring 232 is disposed on the supporting structure 22 and is welded to the bottom of the fixing block 213 .

In this embodiment, an expansion joint 214 is further provided above the fixing block 213 , and the expansion joint 214 is connected to the synthesis gas pipeline 3 .

Specifically, as shown in FIG1 , a fixing block 213 is sleeved on the elbow of the syngas pipeline 3 after entering the quenching chamber 2, and an expansion joint 214 is added above the fixing block 213 to compensate for the deformation of the second ash-containing airflow in the syngas pipeline 3 due to temperature changes. The expansion joint 214 is, for example, a section of elastic pipe, which is directly welded to the syngas pipeline 3 and is located above the fixing block 213.

In addition, in this embodiment, the pipe section of the synthesis gas pipeline 3 after entering the quenching chamber 2, the support structure 22 and the fixing block 213 are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant materials.

It should be noted that the term "comprising" in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. In the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly for better describing the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated components to have a specific orientation. "First", "second", etc. are for distinction, not for limitation of quantity. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A device for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing gas flow, characterized in that it comprises: a gasifier (1), a quenching chamber (2), and a synthesis gas pipeline (3); the quenching chamber (2) is placed outside the gasifier (1) and connected to the quenching chamber (2) through the synthesis gas pipeline (3); The gasifier (1) is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel to obtain a first ash-containing gas flow, and after the fuel gasification treatment, perform heat recovery and ash removal treatment on the first ash-containing gas flow to obtain a second ash-containing gas flow; The second ash-containing gas flow is transported to the quenching chamber (2) through the synthesis gas pipeline (3), so that the quenching chamber (2) washes and cools the second ash-containing gas flow. 2. A device for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasifier (1) comprises: a gasification chamber (11) and a radiation waste boiler (12), the gasification chamber (11) and the radiation waste boiler (12) are connected via a connecting section (13), the gasification chamber (11) is used to perform fuel gasification treatment on the fuel and obtain a first ash-containing gas flow, the first ash-containing gas flow is transported to the radiation waste boiler (12) via the connecting section (13), and the radiation waste boiler (12) is used to perform heat recovery and ash removal treatment on the first ash-containing gas flow to obtain a second ash-containing gas flow. 3. The device for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing airflow according to claim 2, characterized in that the radiation waste boiler (12) comprises: a waste boiler water vapor inlet (121), a waste boiler water vapor outlet (122), a first heat exchange tube group (123), and a second heat exchange tube group (124); The waste boiler water vapor inlet (121), the waste boiler water vapor outlet (122) and the first heat exchange tube group (123) form a first radiation heat exchange channel, so as to perform a first radiation heat exchange treatment on the first ash-containing airflow based on the first radiation heat exchange channel; The waste boiler water vapor inlet (121), the waste boiler water vapor outlet (122) and the second heat exchange tube group (124) form a second radiation heat exchange channel to perform a second radiation heat exchange treatment and ash removal treatment on the first ash-containing airflow after the first radiation heat exchange treatment based on the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel. 4. A device for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow according to claim 3, characterized in that the waste boiler water vapor inlet (121) is respectively connected to the first heat exchange tube group (123) and the second heat exchange tube group (124), and the waste boiler water vapor outlet (122) is respectively connected to the first heat exchange tube group (123) and the second heat exchange tube group (124) to form water vapor for radiation heat exchange with the first ash-containing gas flow in the first heat exchange tube group (123) and the second heat exchange tube group (124), and the first radiation heat exchange channel and the second radiation heat exchange channel are respectively formed by reusing the waste boiler water vapor inlet (121) and the waste boiler water vapor outlet (122). 5. According to claim 1, a device for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow is characterized in that the quenching chamber (2) includes: a protective gas cavity (21), a quenching cavity (23), the synthesis gas pipeline (3) passes through the protective gas cavity (21) and is connected to the quenching cavity (23), and the protective gas cavity (21) and the quenching cavity (23) are isolated from each other so as to transport the second ash-containing gas flow to the quenching cavity (23) for washing and cooling treatment. 6. According to claim 5, a device for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow is characterized in that a protective gas inlet (211) and a protective gas outlet (212) are provided on the protective gas cavity (21), so that the protective gas cavity (21) can be inflated through the protective gas inlet (211), and can flow out through the protective gas outlet (212) to form a continuous flow of the protective gas. 7. According to claim 5, a device for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing gas flow is characterized in that the quenching chamber (2) also includes a supporting structure (22), and the supporting structure (22) is arranged between the protective gas cavity (21) and the quenching cavity (23), so that the protective gas cavity (21) and the quenching cavity (23) are isolated from each other and support the synthesis gas pipeline (3), and the inner side of the synthesis gas pipeline (3) is insulated. 8. A device for heat recovery and purification of ash-containing gas flow according to claim 7, characterized in that a quenching ring (232) is provided on the supporting structure (22), and a downcomer (231) is provided below the quenching ring (232). 9. An apparatus for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow according to claim 8, characterized in that a riser (234) is also provided on the periphery of the downcomer (231) and is arranged along the vertical direction to form a pipeline annulus, the riser (234) is fixed in the quenching chamber (2) through a support frame (235), and a washing water coil (2341) is provided on the riser (234), the washing water coil (2341) is connected to a washing water inlet pipe (2342) to receive washing water from the washing water inlet pipe (2342), and the washing water is sprayed into the pipeline annulus to wash the second ash-containing gas flow entering the pipeline annulus. 10. A device for heat recovery and purification of an ash-containing gas flow according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that a fixing block (213) is provided in the protective gas cavity (21), and the fixing block (213) is used to fix the synthesis gas pipeline (3) above the quenching cavity (23) to widen the flow channel of the synthesis gas pipeline (3).