CN221473532U - Ultrasonic main shaft structure capable of quickly replacing common cutter handle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ultrasonic main shaft structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool handle, which comprises a main shaft body, wherein a shaft core is arranged in the main shaft body and is rotatably connected with the main shaft body, one end of the shaft core is provided with an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic vibrator is internally provided with the tool handle, a pull rod is arranged in the shaft core, one end of the pull rod is provided with a tool changing mechanism, the other end of the pull rod is provided with a tool changing mechanism, the tool changing mechanism is detachably clamped with the tool handle, and the tool changing mechanism can drive the pull rod to axially move in the shaft core so as to drive the tool changing mechanism to be clamped with or separated from the tool handle. According to the utility model, the tool changing mechanism and the tool handle are detachably clamped, so that the tool changing time can be greatly shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved.

Description

Ultrasonic main shaft structure capable of quickly replacing common cutter handle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of machine tool parts, in particular to an ultrasonic main shaft structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank.

Background

Nonmetallic hard and brittle materials such as optical glass, engineering ceramics and the like have the characteristics of high hardness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, abrasion resistance and the like, are widely cited, but are difficult to process and quick in cutter abrasion. The micro holes and the deep holes are processed, the Kong Mianguang cleanliness is common, and the thin-wall parts are easy to deform under the action of a large load of a cutter during processing. The ultrasonic processing mainly uses high-frequency continuous pulse signals (such as 20KHz-50 KHz) generated by an ultrasonic signal generator, and then the signals are transmitted to the tail end of a cutter through a transducer, so that the tail end of the cutter generates high-frequency vibration to impact the surface of a material, and the purpose of finishing the surface of a workpiece is achieved. The ultrasonic processing has the advantages of reducing the load of the cutter, prolonging the service life of the cutter, reducing the cutting force, reducing the cutting temperature and improving the processing efficiency and the yield. Therefore, compared with the traditional processing technology, the processing technology has better processing technology effect in the aspects of processing hard and brittle materials, micropores and deep holes.

The spindle ultrasonic technology can realize the processing quality which can be achieved by tens or hundreds times of cutting force and cutting rotating speed of a common non-ultrasonic spindle due to the use of lower cutting force and cutting rotating speed, and is increasingly widely applied to high-end processing equipment. When aiming at different processing technologies, different tool shanks need to be replaced on the ultrasonic main shaft, for example: drilling, tapping, or milling grooves, etc.

The existing tool changing structure on the ultrasonic spindle mostly adopts a thread structure, and for some ultrasonic small tool handles, for example: patent publication number CN117066540a discloses an automatic tool changing type ultrasonic spindle, which is provided with a tool changing small motor at the end of the spindle, and the pull rod is driven to rotate by the motor, so that quick automatic tool changing is realized. However, for some common tool shanks with larger sizes, the tool shanks cannot be replaced by installing a small motor at the tail end of the main shaft, unless a motor with larger power is installed, but the size of the main shaft is necessarily increased, which is not beneficial to the installation and fixation of the main shaft. Therefore, in the prior art, when the common knife handle is replaced, the knife handle can only be held by hand and turned, so that the knife handle is in threaded connection with or loosened from the pull rod, and the process of assembling and disassembling the knife handle is completed; so that the cutter handle needs a long time to be replaced, and the machining efficiency is affected. It follows that the existing ultrasound spindle structure needs to be improved.

Disclosure of utility model

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides an ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool handle, which comprises a spindle body, wherein a spindle core is arranged in the spindle body and is rotatably connected with the spindle body, one end of the spindle core is provided with an ultrasonic vibrator, the ultrasonic vibrator is internally provided with the tool handle, a pull rod is arranged in the spindle core, one end of the pull rod is provided with a tool changing mechanism, the other end of the pull rod is provided with a tool changing mechanism, the tool changing mechanism is detachably clamped with the tool handle, and the tool changing mechanism can drive the pull rod to axially move in the spindle core so as to drive the tool changing mechanism to be clamped with or separated from the tool handle.

As a further improvement of the ultrasonic tool changer, a clamping groove is formed in the side wall, close to one end of the tool changing mechanism, of the tool holder, the clamping groove is detachably clamped with the tool changing mechanism, an avoidance groove is formed in the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator, and the tool changing mechanism can be connected with the avoidance groove.

As a further improvement of the application, the tool changing mechanism comprises a plurality of balls, radial slotted holes are respectively arranged at the positions corresponding to the balls on the pull rod, and the balls are respectively and movably connected with the radial slotted holes; when the tool changing mechanism is clamped with the tool handle, the avoiding groove is staggered with the clamping groove, and the balls are respectively abutted with the clamping groove and the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator; when the tool changing mechanism is separated from the tool handle, the clamping groove is aligned with the avoiding groove, and the ball can be separated from the clamping groove to be connected with the avoiding groove.

As a further improvement of the application, the tool changing mechanism comprises a pulling claw, the pulling claw is connected with one end of the pulling rod, which is far away from the tool changing mechanism, a plurality of claw heads are movably arranged on the pulling claw, and the claw heads can be mutually folded or unfolded; when the tool changing mechanism is clamped with the tool handle, the avoiding groove is staggered with the clamping groove, the claw heads are mutually folded, the claw heads are clamped with the clamping groove, and the outer side wall of the claw heads is abutted with the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator; when the tool changing mechanism is separated from the tool handle, the clamping groove is aligned with the avoiding groove, the claw heads can be mutually opened, and the claw heads extend out of the clamping groove to be connected with the avoiding groove.

As a further improvement of the application, the number of the claw heads is four, and the four claw heads are distributed on the pulling claw in a circumferential array.

As a further improvement of the application, the broaching mechanism comprises a broaching ring, the broaching ring is sleeved on the periphery of the shaft core and is slidably connected with the shaft core, a broaching rod is arranged in the broaching ring and is connected with the pulling rod, and the broaching rod can drive the pulling rod to axially move in the shaft core.

As a further improvement of the application, the broaching rod radially penetrates through the broaching ring, a strip hole is arranged on the shaft core at a position corresponding to the broaching rod, and the broaching rod can slide in the strip hole.

As a further improvement of the application, the broaching mechanism further comprises an elastic piece and a broaching connecting piece, wherein the broaching connecting piece is respectively connected with the pull rod and the broaching rod, one end of the elastic piece is connected with the broaching connecting piece, and the other end of the elastic piece is connected with the shaft core.

As a further improvement of the application, a shaft core check ring is arranged in the shaft core, the shaft core check ring is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod and is movably matched with the pull rod, and one end of the elastic piece, which is far away from the broach connecting piece, is connected with the shaft core check ring.

As a further improvement of the application, a pull rod sleeve is arranged in the shaft core, the pull rod sleeve is respectively sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod and the periphery of the elastic piece, a limiting step is arranged in the pull rod sleeve, and one end of the elastic piece, which is far away from the broach connecting piece, is abutted with the limiting step.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

According to the utility model, the tool changing mechanism and the tool handle are detachably clamped, so that the tool changing time can be greatly shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved. When the cutter handle is required to be disassembled, the pull rod can be driven to axially move in the shaft core by pushing the cutter pulling mechanism, and the pull rod drives the cutter changing mechanism to synchronously move, so that the cutter changing mechanism is separated from the cutter handle, and the cutter handle can be pulled out from the ultrasonic vibrator; when the cutter handle is installed, the cutter handle is plugged into the ultrasonic vibrator, and then the pull rod can be driven to axially move in the shaft core through the cutter pulling mechanism, and the pull rod drives the cutter changing mechanism to synchronously move, so that the cutter changing mechanism is clamped and fixed with the cutter handle, and the cutter loading process is completed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the application or the solutions of the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the application and that other drawings can be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion A of FIG. 1 in the fixed state of the shank;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion A of FIG. 1 in the released state of the tool shank;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B of the shank shown in FIG. 4 in a fixed state;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B of the tool shank of FIG. 4 in an undamped condition;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an exploded structure of a handle and a pulling claw in embodiment 2 of the present utility model.

Detailed Description

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description of the application and the claims and the description of the drawings above are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims or in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order.

Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the described embodiments of the application may be combined with other embodiments.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1-3, an ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool handle 4 comprises a spindle body 1, wherein a spindle core 2 is arranged in the spindle body 1, the spindle core 2 is rotatably connected with the spindle body 1, one end of the spindle core 2 is provided with an ultrasonic vibrator 3, and the tool handle 4 is arranged in the ultrasonic vibrator 3; the end of the shaft core 2, which is far away from the ultrasonic vibrator 3, is used for externally connecting a power source, so that the shaft core 2 can be driven to rotate in the main shaft body 1, and the ultrasonic vibrator 3 and the cutter handle 4 are driven to rotate together, so that the ultrasonic main shaft can perform drilling, tapping, milling grooves and other processing on a workpiece. The shaft core 2 is internally provided with a pull rod 5, one end of the pull rod 5 is provided with a cutter changing mechanism, the other end of the pull rod 5 is provided with a cutter changing mechanism, the cutter changing mechanism is detachably connected with the cutter handle 4 in a clamping mode, and the cutter changing mechanism can drive the pull rod 5 to axially move in the shaft core 2 so as to drive the cutter changing mechanism to be connected with or separated from the cutter handle 4 in a clamping mode.

In the initial state, the cutter handle 4 and the cutter changing mechanism are in a clamping and fixing state. When the tool is required to be replaced, the tool pulling mechanism can be pushed by external force, the tool pulling mechanism drives the pull rod 5 to axially move in the shaft core 2, and the pull rod 5 drives the tool changing mechanism to synchronously move, so that the tool changing mechanism is separated from the tool handle 4, and the tool handle 4 can be pulled out from the ultrasonic vibrator 3; then, a new cutter handle 4 is plugged into the ultrasonic vibrator 3, and then the pull rod 5 can be driven to axially reset in the shaft core 2 through the cutter pulling mechanism, and the pull rod 5 drives the cutter changing mechanism to synchronously move, so that the cutter changing mechanism is clamped and fixed with the new cutter handle 4, and the replacement of the cutter handle 4 is completed.

In this can quick replacement ordinary handle of a knife 4's supersound main shaft structure, tool changing mechanism adopts the connected mode of detachable joint with handle of a knife 4, need not manual screw up or loosen threaded connection when changing the sword, has shortened the time of changing the sword by a wide margin, can effectively improve supersound main shaft's machining efficiency.

A clamping groove 41 is formed in the side wall of one end, close to the tool changing mechanism, of the tool handle 4, and the clamping groove 41 is detachably clamped with the tool changing mechanism; the clamping groove 41 is formed in the cutter handle 4, so that the cutter handle 4 can be clamped with the cutter changing mechanism, and then is connected with the pull rod 5. The inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator 3 is provided with an avoidance groove 31, and the tool changing mechanism can be connected with the avoidance groove 31; through setting up dodge groove 31, can be used to hold tool changing mechanism to vacate dodge the space at tool changing mechanism during operation, make tool changing mechanism can loosen handle of a knife 4, in order to change handle of a knife 4.

The tool changing mechanism comprises six balls 6, six radial slotted holes 51 are formed in the side wall, close to the tool changing mechanism, of one end of the pull rod 5, the six radial slotted holes 51 are distributed along the circumferential array, the radial slotted holes 51 are in one-to-one correspondence with the balls 6, and the balls 6 are respectively arranged in the corresponding radial slotted holes 51 and are respectively and movably connected with the radial slotted holes 51; the balls 6 can roll freely in the radial slots 51 without being limited in the radial slots 51, and can not fall out of the radial slots 51, and the clamping or releasing of the tool handle 4 can be realized by rolling the balls 6 into or out of the radial slots 51. In one embodiment, stop collars may be mounted on both ends of the radial slots 51 to prevent the balls 6 from falling out of the radial slots 51.

In other embodiments, the number of balls 6 may be any number, so long as the radial slots 51 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the balls 6.

Specifically, in the initial state, that is, when the tool changing mechanism is clamped and fixed with the tool handle 4, the avoiding groove 31 and the clamping groove 41 are misplaced, the balls 6 roll into the radial groove holes 51, the balls 6 are respectively clamped into the clamping grooves 41, and the other side of the balls 6 is abutted against the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator 3; the ball 6 can clamp the cutter handle 4 through the clamping groove 41 and the limit of the ultrasonic vibrator 3, so that the cutter handle 4 and the pull rod 5 are limited and fixed. After the tool shank 4 is detached, i.e. the tool changing mechanism is separated from the tool shank 4, the clamping groove 41 is aligned with the avoiding groove 31, the ball 6 rolls out of the radial slot hole 51, and the ball 6 is separated from the clamping groove 41 and is connected with the avoiding groove 31. The avoidance space is provided for radial rolling of the ball 6 through the avoidance groove 31, so that the ball can roll out of the clamping groove 41, and the limit of the cutter handle 4 is further released, so that the cutter handle 4 can be taken out.

When the tool handle 4 needs to be replaced, an external force is used for pushing the broach mechanism, and the pull rod 5 is driven to slide in the direction close to the tool handle 4 until the avoiding groove 31 is aligned with the clamping groove 41; in this process, the balls 6 roll on the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator 3 until being aligned with the avoiding grooves 31. Then, the cutter handle 4 is pulled away from the pull rod 5 by external force, so that the balls 6 roll in the clamping groove 41 until the side wall of the clamping groove 41 extrudes the balls 6 out of the clamping groove 41 and enters the avoiding groove 31, and the avoiding groove 31 provides an avoiding space for axial displacement of the balls 6; after the balls 6 are separated from the clamping grooves 41, the tool shank 4 can be freely pulled out from the pull rod 5. Then a new knife handle 4 is plugged into the ultrasonic vibrator 3 until the clamping groove 41 is aligned with the avoiding groove 31; then the pull rod 5 is driven to slide in a direction away from the tool handle 4 by the broach mechanism, the pull rod 5 pulls the ball 6 to slide in the avoidance groove 31 until the side wall of the avoidance groove 31 extrudes the ball 6 into the clamping groove 41, then the ball 6 clamps the tool handle 4 and pulls the tool handle 4 to slide together until the ball 6 slides out of the avoidance groove 31 to be abutted with the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator 3; at this time, the clamping groove 41 is also dislocated with the avoiding groove 31, and the cutter handle 4 is limited by the ball 6 and is clamped and fixed with the pull rod 5, so that the cutter changing process is completed.

Further, broach mechanism includes broach ring 7, broach connecting piece 8 and elastic component 9, but broach ring 7 cover is established in the periphery of axle core 2, and but with axle core 2 sliding connection cooperation, broach connecting piece 8 sets up in axle core 2 inside, and broach connecting piece 8 can axially slide in axle core 2, broach ring 7 internal diameter radially is provided with broach pole 10, broach pole 10 passes axle core 2 and broach connecting piece 8 in proper order, broach pole 10 and broach connecting piece 8 fixed connection, and broach connecting piece 8 and the one end fixed connection of handle of a knife 4 is kept away from to pull rod 5, broach pole 10 can promote or pulling pull rod 5 in the axial removal of axle core 2. The positions of the shaft core 2 corresponding to the broach rod 10 are respectively provided with a strip hole 21, and the broach rod 10 can slide in the strip holes 21; the rectangular hole 21 can provide the space of dodging for broach pole 10 axial slip, and also can carry out spacingly to the direction of motion and the stroke of broach pole 10 through rectangular hole 21, improves the efficiency of tool changing. One end of the elastic piece 9 is connected with the broach connecting piece 8, and the other end is connected with the shaft core 2; the elastic piece 9 is used for pushing the broach connecting piece 8 to move in a direction away from the tool handle 4, so that the pull rod 5 and the ball 6 are driven to move together, and rapid tool loading is realized.

When the cutter is specifically replaced, the cutter pulling ring 7 is pushed to move towards the direction close to the cutter handle 4 by external force, the cutter pulling ring 7 drives the cutter pulling rod 10 to slide in the strip hole 21 towards the direction close to the cutter handle 4, the cutter pulling rod 10 drives the cutter pulling connecting piece 8 and the pull rod 5 to synchronously move, and meanwhile, the cutter pulling connecting piece 8 compresses the elastic piece 9 to enable the elastic piece 9 to elastically deform; the pull rod 5 pushes the tool handle 4 to move together when moving until the avoiding groove 31 is aligned with the clamping groove 41, and then the tool handle 4 is taken out and a new tool handle 4 is installed. After the new handle of a knife 4 is installed, release the thrust to broach ring 7, after the thrust on broach ring 7 disappears, elastic component 9 automatic re-setting warp, release elastic potential energy, elastic component 9 can promote broach connecting piece 8 to move towards the direction of keeping away from handle of a knife 4, broach connecting piece 8 drives broach pole 10, broach ring 7 and pull rod 5 synchronous motion, until ball 6 respectively with chucking groove 41 and the spacing butt of supersound oscillator 3, realize the chucking to handle of a knife 4.

In the embodiment, the elastic piece 9 is spiral elastic, and the spiral spring is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod 5; in other embodiments, the elastic member 9 may be other elastic means or structures.

In order to limit the elastic piece 9, in this embodiment, a shaft core check ring 11 is fixedly installed in the shaft core 2, the shaft core check ring 11 is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod 5 and is movably matched with the pull rod 5, and one end, away from the broach connecting piece 8, of the elastic piece 9 is abutted against the shaft core check ring 11; the elastic piece 9 can be limited on the periphery of the pull rod 5 by arranging the shaft core check ring 11, and the assembly difficulty of the ultrasonic main shaft can be reduced.

As shown in fig. 4, in other embodiments, the mandrel retainer ring 11 may be replaced by a pull rod sleeve 12, where the pull rod sleeve 12 is fixedly connected with the mandrel 2, the pull rod sleeve 12 is respectively sleeved on the pull rod 5 and the periphery of the elastic member 9, a limiting step is disposed in the pull rod sleeve 12, and one end of the elastic member 9 away from the broach connecting member 8 abuts against the limiting step.

Example 2:

As shown in fig. 4 to 7, this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 only in that the tool changing mechanism is the same as embodiment 1, and the other mechanisms are not described here. In the embodiment, the tool changing mechanism comprises a pulling claw 13, wherein the pulling claw 13 is fixedly connected with one end of the pulling rod 5, which is far away from the tool changing mechanism, four claw heads 14 are arranged on the pulling claw 13, and the four claw heads 14 are respectively arranged on the pulling claw 13 in a circumferential array; in the process that the broach mechanism drives the pull rod 5 to move, the pull rod 5 can drive the pull claws 13 to move together, so that the four claw heads 14 can be mutually folded or unfolded, and the tool handle 4 is locked or unlocked through the pull claws 13. In other embodiments, the number of jaws 14 may be any other number.

Specifically, in the initial state, that is, when the tool changing mechanism is clamped and fixed with the tool handle 4, the avoiding groove 31 and the clamping groove 41 are misplaced, the claw heads 14 are mutually folded, the claw heads 14 are clamped and connected with the clamping groove 41, and the outer side walls of the claw heads 14 are abutted with the inner side walls of the ultrasonic vibrators 3; the claw head 14 can clamp the cutter handle 4 through the clamping groove 41 and the limit of the ultrasonic vibrator 3, so that the cutter handle 4 and the pull rod 5 are limited and fixed. When the tool shank 4 is disassembled, namely the tool changing mechanism is separated from the tool shank 4, the clamping groove 41 is aligned with the avoiding groove 31, the claw heads 14 can be mutually opened, and the claw heads 14 extend out of the clamping groove 41 and then are connected with the avoiding groove 31; the avoidance groove 31 provides an avoidance space for the jaw 14 to open, so that the jaw 14 can extend out of the clamping groove 41, and further, the limit of the tool handle 4 is released, so that the tool handle 4 can be taken out.

When the tool handle 4 needs to be replaced, the external force pushes the broach ring 7 to move towards the direction close to the tool handle 4, the broach ring 7 drives the broach rod 10 to slide towards the direction close to the tool handle 4 in the strip hole 21, and the broach rod 10 drives the broach connecting piece 8, the pull rod 5, the pull claw 13 and the tool handle 4 to synchronously move until the avoidance groove 31 is aligned with the clamping groove 41; at the same time, the broach connection piece 8 compresses the elastic piece 9 to make it elastically deformed. Then the cutter handle 4 is pulled away from the pull rod 5 by external force, the side wall of the clamping groove 41 pushes the claw heads 14 to move in the direction of separating from the clamping groove 41, so that the claw heads 14 are mutually opened; the final claw 14 extends out of the clamping groove 41 to be connected with the avoiding groove 31, and then the cutter handle 4 can be easily taken out from the ultrasonic vibrator 3. Then a new knife handle 4 is plugged into the ultrasonic vibrator 3 until the clamping groove 41 is aligned with the avoiding groove 31; then the thrust on the broach ring 7 is released, when the external force disappears, the elastic piece 9 automatically resets and deforms, elastic potential energy is released, the elastic piece 9 can push the broach connecting piece 8 to move in the direction away from the tool handle 4, and the broach connecting piece 8 drives the broach rod 10, the broach ring 7, the pull rod 5 and the pull claw 13 to synchronously move; during the movement of the pulling claw 13, the side wall of the avoiding groove 31 can push the claw heads 14 to fold mutually, so that the claw heads 14 are clamped into the clamping groove 41 until the outer side wall of the claw heads 14 is abutted with the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator 3, the claw heads 14 are limited by the ultrasonic vibrator 3 and the clamping groove 41, and the cutter handle 4 can be clamped, so that the cutter handle 4 is replaced.

In practical application, the cutter handle 4 has large and small sizes, and for the large-size cutter handle, the corresponding cutter pulling force and spring force are larger, so that the shaft core check ring 11 is arranged in the shaft core 2 and is in abutting fit with the elastic piece 9; and to small-size handle of a knife, then corresponding broach power and spring force are less, consequently through setting up pull rod cover 12 in axle core 2, set up elastic component 9 in the pull rod cover 12, promptly through axle core retaining ring 11 or pull rod cover 12, can carry out reliable installation and spacing to the elastic component 9 that different size handle of a knife 4 adopted, guarantee overall structure's reliability.

The foregoing embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application, which is defined by the appended claims, but rather by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. An ultrasonic main shaft structure capable of quickly replacing a common cutter handle is characterized in that: the novel ultrasonic spindle comprises a spindle body, a spindle core is arranged in the spindle body and is rotatably connected with the spindle body, an ultrasonic vibrator is arranged at one end of the spindle core, a handle of a knife is arranged in the ultrasonic vibrator, a pull rod is arranged in the spindle core, a broach mechanism is arranged at one end of the pull rod, a tool changing mechanism is arranged at the other end of the pull rod, the tool changing mechanism is detachably clamped with the handle of the knife, and the broach mechanism can drive the pull rod to axially move in the spindle core and further drive the tool changing mechanism to be clamped with or separated from the handle of the knife.

2. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic tool changing device comprises a tool changing mechanism, a tool handle and an ultrasonic vibrator, wherein the tool handle is arranged on the tool changing mechanism, a clamping groove is formed in the side wall of one end of the tool handle, which is close to the tool changing mechanism, the clamping groove is detachably connected with the tool changing mechanism, an avoidance groove is formed in the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator, and the tool changing mechanism can be connected with the avoidance groove.

3. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 2, wherein: the tool changing mechanism comprises a plurality of balls, radial slotted holes are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the balls on the pull rod, and the balls are respectively and movably connected with the radial slotted holes;

When the tool changing mechanism is clamped with the tool handle, the avoiding groove is staggered with the clamping groove, and the balls are respectively abutted with the clamping groove and the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator;

When the tool changing mechanism is separated from the tool handle, the clamping groove is aligned with the avoiding groove, and the ball can be separated from the clamping groove to be connected with the avoiding groove.

4. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 2, wherein: the tool changing mechanism comprises a pulling claw, the pulling claw is connected with one end, far away from the tool changing mechanism, of the pulling rod, a plurality of claw heads are movably arranged on the pulling claw, and the claw heads can be mutually folded or unfolded;

When the tool changing mechanism is clamped with the tool handle, the avoiding groove is staggered with the clamping groove, the claw heads are mutually folded, the claw heads are clamped with the clamping groove, and the outer side wall of the claw heads is abutted with the inner side wall of the ultrasonic vibrator;

When the tool changing mechanism is separated from the tool handle, the clamping groove is aligned with the avoiding groove, the claw heads can be mutually opened, and the claw heads extend out of the clamping groove to be connected with the avoiding groove.

5. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 4, wherein: the number of the claw heads is four, and the four claw heads are distributed on the pulling claw in a circumferential array.

6. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the broach mechanism comprises a broach ring, the broach ring is sleeved on the periphery of the shaft core and is in sliding connection with the shaft core, a broach rod is arranged in the broach ring and is connected with the pull rod, and the broach rod can drive the pull rod to axially move in the shaft core.

7. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 6, wherein: the broach rod radially penetrates through the broach ring, a strip hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the broach rod, of the shaft core, and the broach rod can slide in the strip hole.

8. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 6, wherein: the broach mechanism further comprises an elastic piece and a broach connecting piece, wherein the broach connecting piece is connected with the pull rod and the broach rod respectively, one end of the elastic piece is connected with the broach connecting piece, and the other end of the elastic piece is connected with the shaft core.

9. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 8, wherein: the shaft core is internally provided with a shaft core check ring, the shaft core check ring is sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod and is movably matched with the pull rod, and one end of the elastic piece, which is far away from the broach connecting piece, is connected with the shaft core check ring.

10. The ultrasonic spindle structure capable of quickly replacing a common tool shank according to claim 8, wherein: the shaft core is internally provided with a pull rod sleeve, the pull rod sleeve is respectively sleeved on the periphery of the pull rod and the periphery of the elastic piece, the pull rod sleeve is internally provided with a limiting step, and one end, away from the broach connecting piece, of the elastic piece is abutted to the limiting step.